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Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. University Microfilms International A Beil & Howell Information Company 3 0 0 North Z eeb Road. Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA 313.761-4700 800 521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Order Number 1345990 The Tory joiner of Middleborough, Massachusetts: Simeon Doggett and his community, 1762—1792 Hofer, Margaret Kugelman, M.A. University of Delaware, 1991 Copyright ©1991 by Hofer, Margaret Kugelman. All rights reserved. UMI 300 N. Zeeb R& Ann Arbor, MI 48106 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. THE TORY JOINER OF MIDDLEBOROUGH, MASSACHUSETTS: SIMEON DOGGETT AND HIS COMMUNITY, 1762-1792 by Margaret K. Hofer A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the University of Delaware in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Early American Culture June 1991 copyright 1991 Margaret K. Hofer Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. THE TORY JOINER OF MIDDLEBOROUGH, MASSACHUSETTS: SIMEON DOGGETT AND HIS COMMUNITY, 1762-1792 by Margaret K. Hofer Approve± Robert F. Trent Professor in charge of thesis on behalf of the Advisory Committee Approved: James C^furtis, Ifh.D. Directed, Winterthur Program in Early American Culture Approved: Carol E. Hoffecker, Ph.D. Acting Associate Provost for Gra3u&e Studies Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES....................................................................................................................... iv LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................................ v ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................................. vi Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 1 PART ONE: SIMEON DOGGETT 1 From Apprentice to Master. ......................................................................................................... 7 2 Simeon Doggett and the Middleborough Community ................................................................. 20 3 Bars of Iron and Bushels of Com: Portrait of a Local Economy ................................................. 28 4 Doggett’s Joinery and Carpentry ................................................................................................ 38 Appendix 1. Measurements for Furniture, c. 1768 .......................................................... 55 Appendix 2. Recipe Book of Paint Colors and Finishes, 1768 ......................................... 56 PART TWO: REGIONAL CONTEXT 5 Woodworking Artisans in Southeastern Massachusetts, 1760-1810 ........................................... 72 Appendix 3. Checklist of Woodworking Craftsmen in Plymouth County, 1760-1810 .......................................................................................... 82 Appendix 4. Checklist of Woodworking Craftsmen in Bristol County, 1760-1810 ........................................................................................... 88 Appendix 5. Selected Inventories of Woodworkers'Tools and Materials ........................ 94 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................. 109 Bibliography ............................................................................................................................... I ll iii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. LIST OF FIGURES Figure 4.1. Bannister-back chair. Middleborough, Massachusetts, 1760-1800 ............................... 59 Figure 4.2. "Caneback" chair, attributed to Simeon Doggett. Middleborough, Massachusetts, c. 1798................................................................................................................... 60 Figure 4.3. Side chair. Probably Newport, Rhode Island, 1760-1775 ............................................. 61 Figure 4.4. Roundabout chair, possibly by Simeon Doggett. Middleborough, Massachusetts, c. 1770 ................................................................................................................... 62 Figure 4.5. Balusters from Oliver House stairway, possibly by Simeon Doggett. Middleborough, Massachusetts, 1768-1769 .................................................................................... 63 Figure 4.6. TFourback" chair, possibly by Simeon Doggett. Middleborough, Massachusetts, 1765-1790 .............................................................................................................. 64 Figure 4.7. Interpretive drawings based on Doggett's furniture measurements ............................... 65 Figure 4.8. Case of drawers, made for Mary Little of Marshfield. Marshfield, Massachusetts, 1760-1780 .............................................................................................................. 67 Figure 4.9. Dr. Peter Oliver house. Middleborough, Massachusetts, 1767-1769 ............................ 68 Figure 4.10. Silas Wood house. Middleborough, Massachusetts, 1771 .......................................... 69 Figure4.ll. Silas Wood house, panelling in east chamber, 1771 .....................................................70 Figure 4.12. Simeon Doggett house. Lakeville, Massachusetts, c. 1765; enlarged c. 1788; demolished 1925 ............................................................................................................................. 71 Figure 5.1. Map of Plymouth and Bristol Counties ........................................................................ 80 iv Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1. Simeon Doggett’s apprentices and other workers-------------------------------------------- 17 Table 1.2. Calendar of work for the Oliver house project, 1768-1769 ............................................ 18 Table 1.3. Valuation of apprentice labor Nathaniel Morton and Jeremiah Samson ..................... 19 Table 3.1. Distribution of Doggett’s revenues, 1762-1792 ............................................................. 36 Table 3.2. Form and volume of payments recorded in Doggetfs account book .............................. 37 Table 4.1. Furniture listed in Doggett's accounts ........................................................................... 58 Table 5.1. Woodworking craftsmen by town and trade, 1760-1810 ............................................... 81 v Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT Studies of rural artisans have emphasized how the craftsman's experience reflects the homogeneous and cyclical qualities of traditional agricultural communities. Kinship networks, bartering of goods and labor, and seasonal work rhythms have all been identified as characteristics of the archetypal rural artisan. This study examines a woodworking craftsman whose experience suggests an alternative view of the provincial artisan. The account book and papers of Simeon Doggett (1738-1823), a joiner and housewright working in Middleborough, Massachusetts, reveal, for instance, how in Doggett’s case kinship connections played no role in determining patronage or master/apprentice relationships, and how a thriving iron industry transformed the agricultural economy. While some aspects of Doggett's experience remained typical of the rural craftsman, other aspects present a strikingly divergent view. In addition to account book analysis and fieldwork, this project involved probate inventory research to identify other woodworking artisans in the