Lesson 18 VALIDATION COPY 1.0 JUNE 2007 Political and International Events Сиёсат ва маросимҳои байналмилалӣ Siyosat va marosimhoi baynalmilali
This lesson will introduce you to: - Vocabulary associated with politics and international issues - How they are reported in Tajikistan news - How to read and understand political events written in Tajiki newspapers.
Tajikistan is a proclaimed democratic republic and has an exemplary constitution but, like all other former republics of the Soviet Union in Central Asia, is in fact a dictatorship ruled by the old communist party elite. Tajikistan was and still is the poorest out of all the former Soviet republics. That was primary cause for a civil war between the Islamic opposition and more moderate centrist parties, backed by Russia and Uzbekistan, which lasted from May to November of 1992. Sporadic clashes, kidnappings for ransom and high profile political assassinations plagued the country until 1998. Tajikistan today is effectively a patchwork of zones, controlled by various ethnic groups whose loyalty is to their local leader.
The President is Imomali Rakhmonov, who was a communist party boss in Kulob. He has been in power since 1992 and has no intention of introducing a true democratic process. Some opposition leaders were included into government, in exchange for moderation of their political demands. Poverty and high unemployment have led to massive migration to Russia and elsewhere. A central security concern is the border with Afghanistan, which in places is not guarded at all, although there are Russian and multinational forces present in the country. Narcotics trafficking is a major cause of instability. Hizb ut Tahrir is the radical Islamic party and is banned but present on the ground.
Rakhmonov with Ahmadinejad Visit of Rakhmonov to Ishkashim
260 1. Familiarize yourself with the political terms.
Government hukumat ҳукуматHT TH
Prime minister Sarvazir сарвазирHT TH
President jumhur / raisi / раисиHT ҷумҳур/президентTH president
Leader Rahbar / sardor раҳбарHT / сардорTH
Dictator Dictator диктаторHT TH
Parliament Parlament парламентHT TH
Ministry Vazorat вазоратHT TH
Election Intikhobot интихоботHT TH
Officials Namoyandahoi rasmi намояндаҳоиHT расмӣTH
Political Party Hizbi siyosi ҳизбиHT сиёсӣTH
Vote Ovoz овозHT TH
Republic Jumhuri / respublika ҷумҳурӣHT / республикаTH
State Iyolot / shtat иёлотHT /штатTH
Democracy Demokratiya демократияHT TH
Democratic Demokrati демократӣHT TH
Policy Bima / siyosat бимаHT / сиёсатTH
Human Rights Huquqi basher ҳуқуқиHT башарTH
Religious Din динHT TH
Racial Nazhod нажодӣHT TH
Radical radikali радикалӣ/HT яктарафаTH
World Jahon ҷаҳонHT TH
Conflict Janjol ҷанҷолHT TH
War Jang ҷангHT TH
Invade Zabt kardan забтHT карданTH
Nuclear weapons Aslihai atomi аслиҳаиHT атомӣTH
2. Listen to and read the following statements. While reading, note the use of the new vocabulary.
The Iraqi leader Rohbari Iroq РоҳбариHT ИроқTH The Russian officials Namoyandahoi rasmii Russiya НамояндаҳоиHT расмии РусияTH The South African government Hukumati Afrikai janubi ҲукуматиHT Африкаи Ҷанубӣ.TH Religious differences Farqiyat dar din ФарқиятHT дар динTH
261 Middle East conflict Janjoli sharqi miyona ҶанҷолиHT шарқи миёнаTH The war in Iraq Jang dar Iroq ҶангHT дар ИроқTH The radical political party Hizbi radikalii siyosi ҲизбиHT радикалии сиёсӣTH Islamic fundamentalism Fundametalizmi islomi ФундаметлизмиHT исломӣTH
The President of the United States is George Bush. Prezidenti Iyoloti (shtathoi) Muttahidi Amriko Jorj Bush ast.
ПрезидентиHT Иёлоти (Штатҳио) Муттаҳиди Амрико Ҷорҷ Буш аст.TH
Japan and Great Britain have prime ministers. Yaponiya va Britaniyai Kabir sarvazir dorand.
ЯпонияHT ва Британияи Кабир сарвазир доранд. TH
This was the first political election in that country. In yakumin intikhoboti siyosi dar on mamlakat bud.
ИнHT якумин интихоботи сиёсӣ дар он мамлакат буд.TH
Human rights are a very important issue in the world today. Mavzui huquqi basher dar jahoni imruza khele muhim ast.
МавзHT ӯи ҳуқуқи башар дар ҷаҳони имрӯза хеле муҳим аст.TH
Grammar note: The Tajiki government executes strict censorship of the media under pretext of preserving fragile peace and stability. There are a few private dailies and weeklies in circulation but they deal exclusively with consumer issues and entertainment. TV is dominated by broadcasting from Moscow and local programming is limited to news and folklore.
3. Listen to and read the following news report from Tajikistan. Then answer the questions that follow. Check your work in the Answer Key.
PLAYHT AUDIOTH
Раиси вилояти Суғд аз мансаб барканор шуд Бо фармони раиси ҷумҳури Тоҷикистон аз рӯзи дуюми Декабр раиси ҳукумати вилояти Суғд - Қосим Қосимов аз вазифа сабукдӯш карда шуд. Тибқи як фармони дигари президент Раҳмонов, иҷрокунандаи вазифаи раиси вилояти Суғд
262 Абдуқоҳир Нозиров – собиқ вазири Вазорати мелиоратсия ва хоҷагии оби Тоҷикистон таъйин гашт.
A. What did the president of Tajikistan do? B. Who is Qosym Qosymov? C. Who is the governor of the Sughd District now? D. What did Aduqohir Nozirov do before? E. When did the president of Tajikistan replace the governor of the Sughd district? F. Who is the president of Tajikistan?
4. Work in small groups. Pretend that you are a crew working for a news program. Make up a short description of a political event. Use the questions from Exercise 3 as an outline for your report.
5. Work in a small group or with a partner. Go over the information on the political system in Tajikistan one more time. Recall the information in the Tajiki report to your teacher and to the class.
263 International Geography
6. Read the information about Tajikistan. Answer the questions. Check your work in the Answer Key.
At 39'40' northern latitude and 71'14' eastern longitude, Tajikistan is nestled between Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan to the north and west, China to the east, and Afghanistan to the south. Tajikistan is a mountainous country. Ninety three percent of its territory is surrounded by mountains, which are the highest mountain systems of Central Asia: Tien-Shan and the Pamirs. Almost half of the territory of Tajikistan is situated at a height of more than 9800 ft.
1. What countries are to the north and west of Tajikistan? 2. What country is to the south of Tajikistan? 3. How many countries have borders with Tajikistan? 4. What are two major mountain systems in Tajikistan? 5. What percentage of the territory is surrounded by mountains?
264 7. Listen to the speaker and follow along in your book.
Afghanistan/Afghani Afghoniston / afghon АфHT ғонистон / афғонTH Canada/Canadian Kanada / kanadagi КанадаHT / канадагӣTH China/Chinese Khitoy / khitoi ХитойHT / хитоӣTH Denmark/Danes Daniya / Daniygi ДанияHT / даниягӣTH Egypt/Egyptian Misr / misri МисрHT / мисрӣTH England/English Angliya / angles АнглияHT / англисTH Finland/Finns Finlandiya / fin ФинландияHT / финTH France/French Fransiya /fransuzi ФрансияHT / франсузӣTH Germany/German Germaniya / nemis Германия/HT немисTH Great Britain/British Britaniyai Kabir / britaniyagi БританияиHT кабир /
британиягӣTH India/Indian Hinduston / hindu ҲиндустонHT / ҳиндуTH Indonesia/Indonesian Indoneziya / indoneziyagi ИндонезияHT / индонезиягӣTH Iran/Iranian iron / ironi ЭронHT / эронӣTH Iraq/Iraqi Iroq / iroqi ИроHT қ / ироқӣTH Ireland/Irish Irlandiya / irlandi ИрландияHT / ирландӣTH Israel/Israeli Isroil / isroili ИсроилHT / исроилӣTH Italy/Italian Italiya / italiavi ИталияHT / италиявӣTH Japan/Japanese Yaponiya / yaponi ЯпонияHT / японӣTH Jordan/Jordanian Urdon /urdoni УрдонHT /урдонӣTH Korea/Korean Koreya / korei КореяHT / кореӣTH Kuwait/Kuwaiti Quvayt / quvayti ҚувайтHT / қувайтӣTH Mexico/Mexican Meksiko / meksikoi МексикоHT / мексикоӣTH Netherlands/Dutch Holand / holandi ҲоландHT /ҳоландӣTH Norway/Norwegian Norvegiya / norvegi НорвагияHT / норвегӣTH
265 Pakistan/Pakistani Pokiston / pokistoni ПокистонHT /покистонӣTH Philippines/Filipino Filipin / filipini ФилипинHT /филипинӣTH Russia/Russian Russiya / russ РуссияHT / руссTH Saudi Arabia/Saudi Arabistoni Saudi / Saudi АрабистониHT Саудӣ/СаудӣTH Scotland/Scot Skotland / skot СкотландHT / скотTH South Africa/South Afrikai janubi/ az Afrikai janubi АфрикаиHT ануб /аз African ҷ ӣ
африкои ҷанубӣTH Spain/Spanish Ispaniya / ispani ИспанияHT / испанӣTH Sweden/Swede Shvetsiya/ shved ШветсияHT / шведTH Syria/Syrian Suriya / suriyavi СурияHT / суриявӣTH Thailand/Thai Tayland / taylandi ТайландHT / тайландӣTH Vietnam/Vietnamese Vetnam / vetnami ВьетнамHT / вьетнамӣTH Wales/Welsh Vels / Velsi ВелсHT / велсӣTH North America Amrikoi Shimoli АмрикоиHT шимолӣTH Central America Amrikoi Markazi АмрикоиHT марказӣTH South America Amrikoi janubi АмрикоиHT ҷанубӣTH Western Europe Avrupoi gharbi АврупоиHT ғарбӣTH Central Europe Avrupoi markazi АврупоиHT марказӣTH Eastern Europe Avrupoi sharqi АврупоиHT шарқӣTH Middle East Sharqi miyona ШарHT қи миёнаTH Southwest Asia Osiyoi janubu gharbi ОсиёиHT ҷанубу ғарбӣTH Southeast Asia Osiyoi janubu sharqi ОсиёиHT ҷанубу шарқӣTH Africa Afrika АфрикaHT TH Australia Avstraliya АвстралияHT TH Eastern Asia Osiyoi sharqi ОсиёиHT шарқӣTH Arctic Qutbi shimol КутбHT ӣ шимолTH
266 Antarctica Qutbi janub ҚутбиHT ҷанубTH Pacific Rim Davlathoi havzai uqyonusi Orom ДавлатHT ҳои ҳавзаи уқёнуси
ОромTH
Grammar note: In Tajiki, nationality is formed by adding the ending ӣ-iy to the name of the country. Thus American is Amriko+i = Amrikoi, Iranian – Eroni etc.
8. Listen to and read the dialogues about nationality. Note the ways to determine one’s nationality.
Are you from Syria? No, I’m from Egypt. I’m an Egyptian. Tu az Suriya asti? Ne, man az Misr astam. Man misriam.
HT TH ТуHT аз Сурия астӣ?TH Не, ман аз Миср астам. Ман мисриам.
Are you American? No, I’m Canadian. Tu amrikoi asti? Ne, man kanadagiam.
HT TH ТуHT амрикоӣ астӣ?TH Не, ман канадагиам.
What are you? I’m Vietnamese. Tu kujoi asti? Man vetnami astam.
HT TH ТуHT куҷоӣ астӣ?TH Ман ветнамӣ астам.
Where are you from? I’m from India. I’m Indian. Tu az kujo asti? Man az Hinduston. Man hinduam.
HT TH HT TH ТуHT аз куҷо астӣ?TH Ман аз Ҳиндустон. Ман ҳиндуам
Are you Indonesian? Yes, I’m Indonesian. I live in Jakarta. Tu indoneziyagi asti? Bale, man indoneziyagi astam. Man dar Jakarta zindagi mekunam.
HT ТуHT индонезиягӣ астӣ?TH Бале, ман индонезиягӣ астам. Ман дар
Ҷакарта зиндагӣ мекунам.TH
Are you from Afghanistan? I live in Afghanistan, but I am Pakistani. Tu az Afghoniston asti? Man dar Afghoniston zindagi mekunam, vale pokistoni astam.
HT ТуHT аз Афғонистон астӣ?TH Ман дар Афғонистон зиндагӣ мекунам,
вале покистонӣ астам.TH
267 9. Create questions in the Tajiki that are appropriate to the answers provided. Check your work with the Answer Key.
1. - …………………………..? - Yes, I’m Vietnamese. Bale, man vetnamiam. Бале, ман ветнамиам.
2. - ……………………………? - No, I’m not American. I’m Canadian. Nem, man amrikoi nestam. Man kanadagiam. Не, ман амрикоӣ нестам. Ман канадагиам.
3. - …………… or ……………..? - I live in Pakistan, but I’m Afghani. Man dar Pokiston zindagi mekunam, vale afghonam. Ман дар Покистон зиндагӣ мекунам, вале афғонам.
4. - ……………………………..? - Yes, we are Iraqis. Bale, mo iroqi astem. Бале, мо ироқӣ астем.
10. What do you hear? The speaker will read one word from each line of text. Mark the word that you hear. Check your answers with the Answer Key.
1.HT TH Афғонистон Покистон Эрон Ҳиндустон
2.HT TH Ирландия Тайланд Ҳоланд Англия
3.HT TH Ветнам Индонезия Япония Хитой
4.HT TH Арабистони Саудӣ Сурия Исроил Урдон
5.HT TH Қувайт Ироқ Миср Руссия
268 End-of-Lesson Tasks
1. Translate the following headlines into English. Check your work with the Answer Key.
Кушта шудани беш аз 30 нафар дар Боғдод
Мушкили ҳаракати нақлиёт дар минтақаи Рашт
Олмон кори консулгарии худро дар Душанбе боздошт
Анҷоми мавсими минрубӣ дар Тоҷикистон
Дар Душанбе утоқи тиҷорати Амрико ташкил меёбад
2. Listen to and read the following news report from Tajikistan, then answer the questions that follow. Check your work in the Answer Key.
PLAYHT AUDIOTH
Сафири Амрико хостори баргузории интихоботи мунсифона шуд Трейсӣ Анн Ҷейкобсон ба бахши тоҷикии Озодӣ дар Душанбе гуфт, 'муҳим' аст, ки давлати Тоҷикистон 'ҳамкорӣ'-ашро бо ҷомеъаи байнулмилалӣ идома диҳад, то корзори интихоботи шашуми ноябр озодона ва ба шеваи демократик анҷом шавад: "Ҳанӯз номи ҳамаи номзадҳо эълом нашудааст. Аммо пас аз он ки номзадҳо мушаххас шуданд, мо мехоҳем шоҳиди корзори интихоботие бошем, ки ба мардум ҳаққи мушорикат ва ба номзадҳо имкони рақобати мунсифона дар интихоботро бидиҳад. Ин чизест, ки мо аз наздик мушоҳида хоҳем кард. Наҳваи иҷрои ин интихобот нишонаи муҳимме хоҳад буд барои ташхиси омодагии давлати Тоҷикистон ҷиҳати паймудани роҳ ба сӯи демокрасӣ ва ин чизест, ки барои истиқрори дарозмуддати субот ногузир аст."
269 Рӯзи 17 сентябр чаҳор ҳизби мухолифи давлати Тоҷикистон эълом карданд, ки дар интихоботи қарибулвуқӯъ номзадҳои худро пешбарӣ хоҳанд кард.
Эмомалӣ Раҳмонов, раисиҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, ки аз соли 1992 то кунун бар сари қудрати кишвар боқист, ҳанӯз нагуфтааст, ки оё барои даври севвуми раёсати ҷумҳурӣ ҳам ба рақобат хоҳад пардохт ё на. Аксари коршиносони сиёсӣ дар Тоҷикистон бар ин боваранд, ки номзадии ӯ дар интихоботи 6 ноябр низ пешбарӣ хоҳад шуд.
Questions
1. Who is the U.S. Envoy? 2. What type of campaign did the U.S. Envoy say is important to Tajikistan to ensure in the presidential election? 3. When is the presidential election? 4. How many parties will participate in the elections? 5. Who is the current president of Tajikistan?
3. Work with a partner or in a small group. From the list of the countries above, choose one and give a briefing on its location and political system. Pretend that you are giving a press conference. Your classmates will role-play the news reporters by asking you questions.
The following questions may help you in your work:
1. Does this country have a president? Who is the current president? 2. How many political parties are there in this country? 3. Is there a war in this country now? 4. Does this country have a parliament? 5. Is there a democracy in this country? 6. Does this country have a prime minister? 7. Is the leader of this country a dictator? 8. Is this country a republic? 9. What is a specific geographical feature of this country?
270 Vocabulary List
Conflict Munoqisha / janjol муноқиша /ҷанҷол Democracy/democratic Demokratiya / demokrati демократия / демократӣ Dictator Hukmfarmo / diktator Ҳукмфармо/диктатор Dispute Bahs баҳс / муҳокима Election Intikhobot интихобот Government Hukumat ҳукумат Human Rights Huquqi basher ҳуқуқи башар Invade/invasion Zabt kardan / zabtkuni забт кардан / забткунӣ Leader Sardor / rohbar сардор / роҳбар Ministry Vazorat вазорат Nuclear weapons Aslihai atomi аслиҳаи атомӣ Official Rasmi расмӣ Parliament Parlament парламент Policy Bima / siyosat бима / сиёсат Political Party Hizbi siyosi ҳизби сиёсӣ President Raisi jumhur / president раиси ҷумҳур / президент Prime minister Sarvazir сарвазир Racial nazhod нажодӣ Radical Radikal / yaktarafa радикал / яктарафа Religious Dini динӣ Republic Jumhuri ҷумҳӯрӣ State Iyolot /shtat Иёлот /штат Term of office Davrai rayosat(idora) Дарвраи раёсат(идора) To kill kushtan куштан To vote Ovoz dodan овоз додан To invade Zabt kardan забт кардан War Jang ҷанг World jahon ҷаҳон
271 ANSWER KEY
Exercise 3
Tajik President replaces governor of Sughd District The Governor of the Sughd District of Tajikistan, Qosym Qosymov, has been dismissed from his post. According to the Presidential press service, Tajikistan President, Emomali Rahmonov, signed the corresponding Decree today, December 2. Qasymov was replaced by former Land Reclamation and Water Economy Minister, Abdukohir Nozirov...
a) The President of Tajikistan replaced the governor of the Sughd District. b) Qosym Qosymov is the former governor of the Sughd District. c) The current governor of the Sughd district is Abdukohir Nozirov. d) Aduqohir Nozirov is the former Land Reclamation and Water Economy Minister. e) The president of Tajikistan replaced the governor of Sughd district on December 2. f) The president of Tajikistan is Emomali Rahmonov.
Exercise 6
1. What countries are to the north and west of Tajikistan?
KyrgyzstanHT TH and UzbekistanHT TH are to the north and west of Tajikistan. 2. What country is to the south of Tajikistan?
AfghanistanHT TH is to the south of Tajikistan. 3. How many countries have borders with Tajikistan? Four countries have borders with Tajikistan. 4. What are two major mountain systems in Tajikistan? The two major mountain systems in Tajikistan are Tien-Shan and the Pamirs. 5. What percentage of the territory is surrounded by mountains? Ninety three percentage of the territory is surrounded by mountains.
Exercise 9
1. Are you Vietnamese? Tu vetnami asti? Ту ветнамӣ астӣ? 2. Are you American? Tu amrikoi asti? Ту амрикоӣ астӣ? 3. Are you Pakistani? Tu pokistoni asti? Ту покистонӣ астӣ? 4. Are you Iraqis? Tu iroqi asti? Ту ироқӣ астӣ?
272 Exercise 10
1. India Ҳиндустон Hinduston 2. England Англия Angliya 3. Indonesia Индонезия Indoneziya 4. Israel Исроил Isroil 5. Russia Руссия Russiya
End of Lesson Exercise 1
Кушта шудани беш аз 30 нафар дар Боғдод Killing of more than 30 people in Baghdad Мушкили ҳаракати нақлиёт дар минтақаи Рашт Difficulties with transportation movements in Rasht region Олмон кори консулгарии худро дар Душанбе боздошт Germany has suspended its consulate in Dushanbe Анҷоми мавсими минрубӣ дар Тоҷикистон Conclusion of de-mining season in Tajikistan Дар Душанбе утоқи тиҷорати Амрико ташкил меёбад US will establish trade office in Dushanbe
Exercise 2
U.S. Envoy Calls for Fair Tajik Election Tracey Ann Jacobson told RFE/RL's Tajik Service in Dushanbe it is "important" to Tajikistan to "continue working" with the international community, to ensure that the campaign for the November 6 presidential election is free and democratic. "Not all the candidates have been named. But when they are, we want to see an election campaign that allows people to participate, and candidates to have a fair chance to compete in the elections," she said. "This is something we'll be watching very closely. How Tajikistan conducts these elections will be an important sign of the government's readiness to continue on the path to democracy, which we know is necessary for long-term stability." On September 17, four opposition parties announced their intention to field candidates in the upcoming election.
President Imomali Rakhmonov, who has been ruling Tajikistan since 1992, has not said whether he will seek a third term. Most political observers in the country believe he will.
273 Answers
1. The U.S. Envoy is Tracy Ann Jacobsen. 2. It is important for Tajikistan to ensure a free and democratic campaign for the presidential election. 3. The presidential election is on November 6. 4. Four opposing parties announced their intention to field candidates in the upcoming election. 5. The current president of Tajikistan is Imomali Rakhmonov.
274