1959 ~ONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 2271 By :J.14'r. FASCELL : By Mr. RAY: · relative to the balancing of H.R. 4456. A bill to amend the National H.R. 4463. A bill to. amend the Internal the budget; to the Committee on the Judi­ Housing Act to assist in relieving the short­ Revenue Code of 1954 to encourage the es­ ciary. age of housing for elderly persons arid to in­ tablishment of · voluntary pension plans by By Mrs. GRIFFITHS: crease the supply of rental housing for individuals, to promote thrift, and to stimu­ H.J. Res. 240. Joint resolution proposing an elderly p~rsons; to the Committee on Bank­ late expansion of employment through in­ amendment to the Constitution of the ing and Currency. v_estment; to the Committee on, Ways ·and United States relative to equal rights for By Mr. McCULLOCH: Means. · · · men and women; to the Committee on the H.R. 4457. A bill to further secure and By Mr. RHODES of Pennsylvania: Judiciary. protect the civil rights of all persons under H.R. 4464. A bill to provide relief for vet­ By Mr. HALEY: the Constitution and laws of the United erans erroneously required to reimburse the H.J. Res. 241. Joint resolutien to provide States; to the Committee on the Judiciary. United States for overpayment on the ad­ for the designation of the week of Whit­ By Mr. CLEMENT W. MILLER: justed-service certificates; to the Committee sunday of each year as Hernando de Soto H.R. 4458. A bill to amend the Federal on the Judiciary. Week; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Water Pollution Control Act to increase By Mr. SHELLEY: . By Mr. ANFUSO: grants for construction of sewage treatment H.R. 4465. A bill to amend the Federal Air­ · H. Con. Res. 83. Concurrent resolution ex­ works; to establish the Office of Water Pollu­ port Act in order to extend the time for pressing the sense of the Congress that the tion Control; and for other purposes; to the making grants under the provisions of such President of the United States should take Committee on Public Works. act, and for other purposes; to the Com­ such steps as may be necessary to provide By Mr. MILLS: mittee on Interstate and Foreign Com­ for diplomatic representation of the United H.R. 4459. A bill to amend certain provi­ merce. States in the Vatican City; to the Committee sions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 H.R. 4466. A bill to extend the duration on Foreign Affairs. with respect to corporate distributions and of the Federal air pollution control law, and adjustments; to the Committee on Ways and for other purposes; to the Committee on Means. Interstate and Foreign Commerce. PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS H.R. 4460. A bill to rearrange and make By Mr. TELLER: technical revisions in subchapter K of chap­ H.R. 4467. A bill to amend and revise the Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private ter 1 of the Internal Revenue ·code of 1954, laws relating to immigration, naturaliza­ bills and resolutions were introduced and relating to partners and partnerships; to the tion, nationality, and citizenship, and for severally referred as follows: Committee on Ways and Means. other purposes; to the Committee on the By Mr. BALDWIN: By Mr. OLIVER: Judiciary. . H.R. 4469. A bill for the relief of Lucila H.R. 4461. A bill to equalize the pay of By Mr. WATI'S: Garcia; to the Committee on the Judiciary. retired members of the uniformed services; H.R. 4468. A bill to amend the United By Mr. DAVIS of Georgia: to the Committee on Armed Services. States Housing Act of 1937 to extend the H.R. 4470. A bill for the relief of Riley D. By Mr. RABAUT: period during which families of and Wooten; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H.R. 4462. A bill to authorize the estab­ servicemen may be admitted to public hous­ By Mr. HOLLAND: lishment of a Youth Conservation Corps to ing without regard to the general require­ H.R. 4471. A bill for the relief of Janko provide healthful outdoor training and em­ ment that they be displace~ or previous Tomas Bale; to the Committee on the Judi­ ployment for young men and to advance residents of substandard housing; to the ciary. the conservation, development, and man­ Committee on Banking and Currency. By Mr. SHELLEY: agement of national resources of timber, By Mr. CUNNINGHAM: H.R. 4472. A bill for the relief of Chao soil, and range, and of recreational areas; H.J. Res. 239. Joint resolution proposing .an Chiung Chen; to the Committee on the to the Committee on Education and Labor. amendment to the Constitution of the Judiciary.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS The Businessman in Public Affairs greatly affected with the public interest, attitude against speaking one's mind on namely, the aviation industry. He is controversial issues--has taken seed among now, I am happy to say, our colleague too many of us. It is a measure of the fail­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS ure of the democratic process-a failure in in the Senate. I ask unanimous consent the belief in the great dialogue of democ­ OF that his thoughtful and timely address, racy-when anyone, businessman, profes­ "The Businessman in Public Affairs," be sional man, or teacher, fears to participate HON. ERNEST GRUENING printed in the RECORD. in the political process. OF There being- no objection, the address Therefore, I am much heartened by the IN THE SENATE OF THE UNrJ:ED STATES to U.S. Chamber of Commerce program of the was ordered be printed in the RECORD, Aircade and local political workshops to en­ Thursday, February 12, 1959 as follows: courage the political activity and participa­ THE BUSINESSMAN IN PuBLIC AFFAIRS tion of businessmen. Mr. GRUENING. Mr. President, the Mr. Toastmaster, members of the Weirton . However, I would offer a word of caution. address I am about to ask to have in­ Chamber of Commerce, and guests, it is a For there is some indicati.on that this action serted in the pleasure to be with you and to discuss the is stimulated by the concern within the was made yesterday by a man who is role of the businessman in public affairs. thinking of some members of the chamber peculiarly qualified to make it. It is on This is a question which has long been of for what is seen as the growing power and the subject "The Businessman in Public interest and personal concern to me--since political effectiveness of organized labor. Affairs," and was made to the Weirton, I have considered myself a businessman as I hope that this view will not dominate the well as one professionally interested in pub­ political actions of businessmen. I hope W.Va., Chamber of Commerce. The that they will see their role in larger terms­ speaker was the senior Senator from lic affairs-and I nqte that it is a subject which is becoming of increasing regard to and not merely in opposition to labor. For West Virginia [Mr. RANDOLPH]. He be­ your own organization. any action which is cast in terins of protag­ gan his activities as a working news­ During the campaign last fall an incident onist and antagonist limits the freedom of paperman. Then he became, successive­ the actors--by limiting the scope of their occurred which I think highlights one aspect imagination and perception. ly, a newspaper editor, a magazine editor, of our discussion tonight. As I was walking a college professor, and a business along the street in my home community of I would digress a moment to illustrate this Elkins, talking with the voters and discussing principle in reference to our own national executive. attitudes toward the Soviet Union. Russia• JENNINGS RANDOLPH served With dis­ the issues, I was stopped by a citizen who has at one and the same time become our na­ tinction for seven terms in the House of drew me into a doorway to discuss the cam­ paign. Mter finishing our conversation I tional demon and the gage by which we Representatives. In the course of that asked him why he had drawn me off the measure our own pr_ogress. We are too fre­ service, I was privileged to have him, street and into the privacy of a doorway. quently confronted with such questions as '!Are American schools as advanced as those with other members of a House com­ Whereupon he replied: "You know I am in mittee, visit us in Alaska, where his of Russia?" "Do we offer _enough support business and I must b~ very careful of what !or basic research in science and technology interest in its problems was reflected in I do and say." compared with that of Russia?" "Are race subsequent legislation. Thoug~ this man may have dramatized his relations ln the United States strengthening After his ·seven terms in the House, fears somewhat, ladies and gentlemen, he the position of Russia in world opinion?" JENNiNGS RANDOLPH became a busine-SS does not .represent an isolated -state of mind. Thus, in recent years, we have too fre­ executive again in an industry which is ror, the rule of prudence--the precautiveteran newspaperman, ally differences of opinion in interpreting the the new frontiers of technology require large who is correspondent in the Pacific data on lung cancer and cigarette smoking, units of production. But with this, we must Northwest-for the Deseret News. the Public Health Service feels the weight of develop and maintain the means and tech-:­ I ask unanimous consent that these in­ the evidence is increasingly pointing in one niques to prevent the individual man and terviews from the Deseret News, of Salt direction-that excessive smoking is one of woman from being lost in the shuffle and to the causative factors in lung cancer'," the insure the continued vitality of small busi­ Lake City, be printed in the RECORD. Senator quoted. ness. There being no objection, the inter­ The 85th Congress moved significantly in views were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows: [From the Salt Lake City Deseret News, Jan. this direction in establishing the Small 24, 1959] Business Administration as a permanent [From the Salt Lake City Deseret News, Jan. agency, in passing the Small Business In­ 17, 1959] PUBLIC INDIFFERENCE DELAYS HEALTH BILL vestment Act, and in broadening the lending U.S. SENATOR OPPOSES TOBACCO, PORTLAND, 0REG.-Public indifference, ad­ authority of the Small Business Administra­ LIQUOR ADVERTISING vertising power and sectional economy will tion. But much remains to be done. be major hurdles to clear before the public There are approximately 5 million small PORTLAND, 0REG.-"Glamour advertising of can be educated on the health hazards sur­ businessmen in the. United States, roughly cigarettes and liquor over TV and radio, in rounding the use of liquor and tobacco. the same number as there are farm families. magazines and newspapers is aimed at the Senator RICHARD L. NEUBERGER, Democrat, These two groups comprise much of the res­ young-older people are already hooked." of Oregon, encountered all of these obstacles ervoir of talent and initiative that have So declared U.S. Senator RICHARD L. NEU­ after he first introduced his bill for Federal brought our Nation to its present greatness. BERGER, of Oregon, as he prepared to reopen aid to States desiring to give their school­ We must see that this reservoir is not his senatorial effort to educate the youth of children the facts of research concerning the drained off by neglect, by inequitable tax on their gamble with health if use of cigarettes and alcohol. laws, and by administrative regulations. they use either product. He is hopeful there will be an upsurge of Let me emphasize once again the potential The Senator said he would reintroduce the support from Senators and the public when power the businessman has for exerting his bill he placed before the Senate on May 21, he reintroduces his bill sometime in March. influence far beyond the range of the activi­ 1958. This bill, which did not reach the "Any bill that has strong support from ties of buying and selling and of producing Senate fioor before adjournment, provided public bodies in the States will be brought and distributing goods. For the men of com­ Federal grants-in-aid for educational pro­ out of committee for congressional action," merce and industry are the ones who control grams to teach schoolchildren about the the Senator said. dangers to health from cigarettes and liquor. the material resources of our society; morally REACTION TO MEASURE speaking, these resources are held not in fee He said there would be no substantial change simple but in stewardship--a stewardship in the measure. In dividing first reaction to his measure, which carries with it the responsibility to see Senator NEUBERGER emphasized that he was Senator NEUBERGER listed the following: that these material resources are used to not advocating a prohibition in the use of Public: Indifferent, little immediate sup­ assilre the widest possible benefit, both ma­ either tobacco or liquor. port in general. terially and spiritually, for a free society. "My purpose is to give the States of this Educators: Some support but far under It is within your power if you ·but will it. :Nation a chance to advise their young peo­ expectations. These are tinies of extreme tension-some­ ple on important matters concerning their Churches: Good reaction from religious times of deep doubts about our tomorrows. health," he said. groups, particularly the Church of Jesus I close on tpis positive approach: "Most of the advertising on tobacco and Christ of Latter-day Saints, Seventh-day Ad­ There is no room for gloom in the long­ liquor is beamed at young people. ventists, anci Methodists. term future. Fact and faith must combine "They are entitled to know what the facts Advertising agencies: Hostile reaction from in the promise of a further unprecedented are. After that, if they want to smoke, it's advertising magazines and publications. ·era of expansion, creation of new industry, up to them. Their own reasoning rather Much of their revenues come from tobacco and a more sustained prosperity. than the pressure of glamorized advertising and liquor. The American people are resourceful. They should prompt them," he declared. "Only a few Senators gave promise of sup­ will realistically meet the challenge of LAUDS HEALTH EDUCATION port,'! Senator NEUBERGER said. changing world and domestic conditions. Senator NEUBERGER, who does not smoke "Southern Senators are swayed away from We must see to it that business continues nor drink, said his determination to push for support by the importance of the tobacco its dynamic development and that our co­ health education was intensified following crop to the South although they favored operative capitalism, which embraces both his return from Washington after the last education on liquor. employee and employer, be cushioned by rea­ session of Congress. "I realize that it takes time to build up sonable Government regulation and reputa­ He underwent surgery for a malignant a program but with the aid of such organ­ ble practices within the framework of our growth and is still under treatment. izations as the American Cancer Society, private enterprise system. "My own experience," the Senator said, other health groups, educators, and churches Ours is a growth country. It is a fallacy "has intensified my interest in anything deal­ it can be done. to short-sell its future. ing with health." "If the public gives its support you have He pointed to the Nation's $6.8 billion ex­ a chance to pass legislation. penditure for research, most of it dealing "If indifferent, little chance because of the with nuclear science, while only $211 mil­ great amount of legislation facing Congress." Deseret News Discusses Neuberger Bill lion, or 4 percent, was spent on medical re­ search of all diseases. CHURCH MEMBERS LEND SUPPORT on Alcohol and Tobacco Education "Cobalt radiation, now used in the treat­ Senator NEUBERGER said he received many ment of cancer, is a result of research," letters from Mormon Church officials and Senator NEUBERGER said. "If my trouble had members in Utah, Idaho, and California EXTENSION OF REMARKS developed a few years ago my chances would backing his program. OF have been much less. "The power of liquor and tobacco adver­ "Look at the children in the past who died tisers is the main hurdle facing the grant-in­ HON. RICHARD L. NEUBERGER of polio, diphtheria and other diseases be­ aid education program,'' Senator NEUBERGER OF OREGON fore medical research made recovery almost said. certain." IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES "We leave the field entirely to the liquor CHILDREN SHOULD BE INFORMED and tobacco people who have unlimited capi­ Thursday, February 12, 1959 "I feel every child is entitled to the right tal to support their products." Mr. NEUBERGER. Mr. President, to be informed of dangers ahead. The best The Senator insisted that education is the one of the outstanding newspapers in place to do this is in school-backed by re­ great hope for everything. He pointed out search and not advertising glamour," he said. that the grant-in-aid plan he backs for giving America is the Deseret News, of Salt "In contrast to the questionable advertis­ the facts on cigarettes and alcohol respects Lake City. In its weekly supplements ing which prompts young people to take up State's rights. No State, he said, is required for January 17, 1959, and January 2i, smoking at an early age, when they frequent­ to give such education unless it so desires. 1959, the Deseret News has published two ly are told to associate this habit with the "I don't believe in prohibition," he de­ comprehensive interviews with me about success of some great baseball star or motion­ clared, "but I do believe in giving relative my legislative proposal to have Federal picture queen, is the warning by the Surgeon facts. If advertisers misdirect the Nation's 2274 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD·- HOUSE February 12 youth, the Government should at least give breaking income, both individuals and I do not propose, Mr. Speaker, that the fair facts. ·governments must seize the opportunity there is no longer a need for military U.S. AGENCIES INCONSISTENT to retire debts. forces. I think that we all recognize "If ever there was a situation where the left We are faced this year -with a pre­ such a need is self-evident. The ques­ hand knoweth not what the right hand do­ cariously balanced budget. It is doubt­ tion is, what kind of military forces do eth, it is in the policy of the U.S. Government ful that the budget will remain balanced we need? We are constantly told that with respect to tobacco and cigarettes. While in view of the action by Congress on the the Armed Forces need highly profes­ one agency of Government warns that cig­ arettes may be a factor in causing cancer, the first few spending bills which have been sional, highly trained, highly skilled, most terrible disease afflicting the human brought before the two Houses. Many highly technical, and highly motivated race, another governmental agency subsidizes responsible persons in and out of Con­ personnel in this age in which we live. and encourages the growth of the product gress feel that unless there is bold action Are those the words that describe the from which cigarettes are made." to balance the budget this year and in draftee? I think we all realize that they Senator NEUBERGER inquired: the immediate future, there will never are not. Furthermore, I think we all "What would be the reaction here in Amer­ again be a balanced budget. realize that the average draftee never ica if we learned that the government of Red China was subsidizing the production I share the view that we are reaching receives the incentives that will convert of poppies, from which opium is distilled? a financial crisis, that if we are to re­ him into the type of person fitted by Would we not raise our voices in righteous main a nation with strong economic these descriptive words. The so-called scorn and indignation? Then what must policies and a sound dollar-or perhaps incentive pay bill of the last Congress the rest of the world think of the fact that I should say a sound 50-cent dollar in was badly misnamed. The only incentive in the United States eggs and meat and view of past inflationary spirals-we that can be read into this bill is based vegetables are not supported as basic farm must act boldly and strongly. on the assumption that everyone who crops, but tobacco is?" Accordingly, I am introducing a reso­ enters the Armed Forces is convinced he The Senator conceded that "a bill is sim­ ply a piece of printed paper that can be in­ lution on this anniversary of Lincoln's will become an admiral or a general. We definitely postponed." birth which would set the wheels in mo­ know that such an assumption would be "Other things," he said, "cannot be post­ tion for a constitutional amendment to entirely erroneous. Since the flag posi­ poned so readily--cancer of the lung, for require a balanced budget except in war tions, which were really the only ones instance. The doctors and scientists will or other grave emerg.ency. to substantially benefit from the incen­ continue their studies. They will report, I do not feel a sense-of-Congress reso­ tive pay bill, are usually available only to and some men in journalism and politics lution or any other act of Congress can graduates of the service academies who, will disseminate the reports. People will smoke cigarettes, and human tissue and pro­ do the job, for it is agreed that an act presumably, are already provided with toplasm will react accordingly. Such events of one Congress does not necessarily necessary incentives, there actually re­ as President Eisenhower's account of how he bind succeeding Congresses. We must mains little or nothing for the conscrip­ himself overcame the smoking habit are put this resolve-if the people express tee or volunteer to entice him to become sure to have a mighty effect. Americans their desire for it-in such a way that it a career military man. will learn the facts about cigarettes and vari­ cannot be circulllvented in future years. Mr. Speaker, the draft has been with ous diseases, and then they will wonder why My mail shows a growing concern by us for almost 20 years now, far too long. their Government considers .tobacco a basic persons throughout the country about crop but not the Thanksgiving turkey or We all know it is not being fairly and baby's milk or the morning baked apple or inflation and deficit spending. I know impartially administered and is far from glass of orange juice. other Members who also report the ·same universal in its effect. Only one of the "When enough Americans wonder about trend. People realize you cannot live three armed services is actually using this, my bill will pass," Senator NEUBERGER forever on borrowed money and they it to any extent. So the true purpose of concluded. know that Uncle Sam cannot either. the draft is to act as a club to force I urge my colleagues to let the people young men to enter the Armed Forces. decide through their State legislatures Those who volunteer for the Navy and The Federal Budget whether they want to continue deficit the Air J"orce are only indicating their spending and inflation or whether we will desire, not to faithfully serve those par­ live within our income. Let the people ticular arms, but rather to avoid the EXTENSION OF REMARKS decide and then we will do their bidding. rigors of Army life. Those who wait for OF the draft are simply saying, in effect, that HON. GLENN CUNNINGHAM they want to take the quickest way out. In OF NEBRASKA either instance, the psychological ap­ Extension of the Draft proach of these young men to military IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES service is the exact opposite of what it Thursday, February 12, 1959 EXTENSION OF REMARKS should be, and what I think it can _be. Mr. CUNNINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, OF Without the draft, the armed services this is an appropriate day to recall a would be forced to make a military career statement by Abraham Lincoln which HON. STEVEN V. CARTER the attractive thing that it must become represents one of the guiding principles OF IOWA in order to get the type of individual they proclaim to be so necessary in this tech­ in his private life and a basic tenet of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES his approach to government nical era. They would have to look else­ In 1843, Mr. Lincoln said: Thursday, February 12~ 1959 where for the cooks, sweepers, chauf­ As an individual who undertakes to live feurs, and assorted coolie labor for which Mr. CARTER. Mr. Speaker, I have today's conscripts are being used. by borrowing soon finds his original means cast my vote against H.R. 2260, the res­ devoured by interest, and next, no one left olution which proposes to extend the Mr. Speaker, I have been in youth to borrow from, so it must be with a govern­ work for a number of years, and I also ment. present draft law for a period of 4 years and which was overwhelmingly passed have two teenage sons. I think we can Certainly no one can dispute the ef­ by the House of Representatives. Only all recall from our own lives and exper­ fect of continued borrowing on the fi­ 20 Members of the House voted against iences, as well as those we have ob­ nances of an individual. No one can the bill, although you and I know that served, the fact that there is a naturally hope to live forever by borrowing, for he there were many more who did not, deep occurring amount of uncertainty and in­ will in truth be eaten up by interest. in their hearts, favor the extension of decision during the years approaching It is likewise true that governments a national conscription. This fact in adulthood. Our draft law is simply ag­ cannot continue to live by borrowing. itself may be indicative of the inordi­ gravating this uncertainty and is, in fact, We are in our third decade of the era of nate amount of influence that the past a substantial contributing factor to our deficit spending. Since 1930 there have 20 years of military presence has im­ national problem of juvenile delinquency. been only 6 years in which the Federal posed on our thinking. True, this mili­ Our destiny and survival may very well Government has lived within its income. tary presence has been a most necessary rest in the heads and hands of the youth Yet in the recent years this country has one, but one nevertheless that should be which are today subject to the draft. If recorded unparalleled growth and pros­ continuously reevaluated in the light of the pitched battle for survival comes, it perity, and in such times of record- these rapidly changing times. must surely come, it seems, within the 1959 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 2275' next 30 years, or even so0ner. From Mine has been a lively interest in the our own national destiny, but that of. the every quarter, voices cry out that we need beneficial effects of travel, and I was world at large. We are challenged to think­ scientists, educators, philosophers, ar-­ privileged to issue a statement in con­ ing in world terms. We have now reached tists, and political leaders to revivify the the p.oint where we must assume the same nection with the forthcoming Bluefield kind of responsibility in world affairs as we essences and guts of Americanism, and to Automobile Club travel show venture. are accustomed to assume in our individual meet the challenge of communism an· Mr. President, I ask 'unanimous ·con­ affairs. If we falter, the free world falters. over the world. But what do we do to sent to have printed in the CONGREs­ If we are firm, the free wor'Id is firm. the very number from which these people SIONAL RECORD my statement to the are to ·come? VVe cast over theni the sponsoring club. dark cloud of frustration and uncer-· There being no objection, the state­ t ainty in the form of the draft. VVe dis­ ment was ordered to be printed in the The 20th Anniversary of Marian Ander­ courage, delay, and, in some cases, deny RECORD, as follows: son's Concert on the Steps of the Lin­ the steps that will lead them to lives of I extend my congratulations to the Blue­ leadership and service in their chosen field Automobile Club and its director of coln ~emorial field and on a high level. Our youth­ travel, James H. Cowan, for initiating the cannot help but wonder why we have first Worldwide Travel Show in West Vir­ - EXTENSION OF REMARKS ginia. I am confident of the success of this huge armies that train and retrain, while OF venture. The Bluefield Automobile Club de­ Asian, Middle Eastern, and South Ameri­ serves the gratitude of the citizens of the can nations continue to fall under the Mountaineer State for taking this step to at­ HON. JOHN BRADEMAS influence, if not the domination, of ·com-­ tract the attention of American travel­ OF INDIANA mtinism. These youth have a vague feel­ ers to the charms· and beauties of our fair IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES State. ing of uneasiness, to which they are prob­ Thursday, February 12, 1959 ably unable to give expression in most The tourist industry offers one of the cases, that perhaps we have here an en­ chief sources of potential economic de­ Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, today velopment in the State of West Virginia, and Members of Congress have joined in emy who must be fought in other ways. the automobile clubs are to be commended They are told that we are engaged in for the part they 'are playing in stimulating tribute to the man whom many Ameri­ an ideological conflict for men's minds. its development. cans regard as the greatest figure in the Yet many of our youth who are suffi­ But it is worth noting that the Bluefield history of our country, Abraham Lincoln. ciently endowed to prepare themselves Automobile Club Show is not limited by VVe have heard a distinguished Ameri­ for this conflict are conscripted for a· merely State or sectional interests. This ex­ can, Carl Sandburg, speak on the 150th period of years, in which they perform hibition is an appropriate expression of the anniversary of the birth of a man who menial tasks, and they either lose the growing interest of Americans in world ha.s been described by VValt VVhitman as travel itself, and it offers another link be­ "the grandest figure on the crowded can­ impetus or the opportunity to sufficiently tween us and our neighbors in other lands. prepare themselves for the defense of de-­ We Americans are a mobile people, and vas of the drama of the 19th century." mocracy. A further perplexing factor to the urge to be somewhere else will hold a Mr. Sandburg declared just a f'ew days our youth is the fact that our 'Nation's continued fascination for innumerable mil­ ago that Abraham Lincoln took the word leaders, whom they feel certainly must lions of folk during this next record travel "liberty" as precious, saying in 1858: be wise men, fail to furnish 'them the op­ year. Our reliance is in the love of liberty which portunities and inspiration, even the ex­ . The once-popular song words, "I was GOd has planted in our bosoms. Our de­ born to wander, I was born to roam," con­ fense is in the preservation of the spirit ample, as to how this enemy shoUld be tinue to be lived by vacationers and tourists which prizes liberty as the heritage of all fought .. Could it be that the vistas of our who are lured "to the far-away places with men, in all lands, everywhere. leadership-are too limited and too inter­ the strange-sounding names." woven with the traditional ideas of what We Americans who live and work at such Not only, Mr. Speaker, is 1959 the constitutes national power to see that we· a rapid pace can find in travel refreshment 150th anniversary of the birth of Abra­ are immolating much of the potential for the body and renewal of the lagging spir­ ham Lincoln. It is also just 20 years of our youth on the altar of national con­ it. We may be mindful as well of the in­ ago that Lincoln's memory was honored scription. spirational and spiritual values that fiow in a concert on the steps of the Lincoln from travel and the act of occasionally draw­ Memorial, a concert given by one of the Let us liberate our youth, during that ing away from our daily preoccupations. For period of unique vitality, to follow what­ it was ·the Master of all mankind, who, when grandest figures on the crowded canvas ever constructive paths they may choose. the pressures from expectant people tapped of the drama of our century, . Miss Let one of these choices be a career in too deeply His earthly resources, whispered Marian Anderson. an attractive Military Establishment to His disciples: "Come apart, and rest a It seemed to me most fitting that Miss where only the dedicated and proficient while." Anderson, one of the world's greatest volunteer can exist. Travel, however, fulfills more than the musicians and one of America's finest It is my sincere hope that we can elim­ needs of the individual alone. For the citizens, should be invited to sing at the American traveler has become his country's joint session of Congress today when we inate these shackles and hindrances main diplomat abroad. And as a nation we which are so repugnant to the basic are in large measure judged by our neighbors commemorate the birth of Abraham American concept of individual freedom in other lands on the basis of the behavior Lincoln. For this reason, last month I and initiative, which has always been of the American tourist. Thus, the modern wrote a letter to the chairman of the the keystone of our greatness. conveniences of travel-the jet airliner and Committee on Arrangements on the the luxury ocean liner-will not alone bring Joint Session urging that Miss Anderson about a world community of neighbors. be invited. I am pleased to say that I There must be global-mined people traveling, understand the committee did extend to men and women disposed to appreciate and Recognition Is Given to Worldwide this great lady an invitation and that understand the customs, cultures, and the only the pressures of the late hour pre­ Travel Show at Bluefield, W. Va. philosophies of the countries they visit. The late Irish poet, George Russell, pre­ vented her being with us today. dicted in the 1920's that the United States I wish to insert in the RECORD at this EXTENSION OF REMARKS would have an historic role to play, because point my letter to the chairman of the committee: OF "Americans have been the first people to adopt a planetary viewpoint." Though Rus­ CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, HON. JENNINGS RANDOLPH sell's statement was contested by those who HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, worried about America's apparent drift to Washington, D.O., January 29, 1959. OF WEST VIRGINIA extreme isolation, he insisted that he could The Honorable FRED SCHWENGEL, IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES detect signs that we were preparing to as­ House Office Building, sume planetary responsibilities. He said, Washington, D.O. Tht~:rsday, February 12, 1959 "You Americans have a vision about this DEAR MR. SCHWENGEL: I am writing to you planet that no other nation has ever had." in your capacity as Chairman of the Commit­ Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. President; We need to understand that our 177 mil­ tee on Arrangements on the Joint Session of next Tuesday, February 17, -the Blue­ lion citizens, comprising only 10 percent of Congress for the commemoration of the !50th field, VV. Va., Automobile Club will open the non-Soviet world, control over half of anniversary of the birth of Abraham Lincoln. its VVorldwide Travel Show in the Blue­ the world's production of goods. Therefore, It is my understanding that your commit­ field Municipal Auditorium. our policies and eur actions affect not only tee has invited former Presidents Herbert 2276 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - -HOUSE: February · 1'2~- H6over and' Harry.S · Truinan to take-part irn directed toward _the ; accomt}Ushinerit ·of the care.· of elderlY personS. In my bill,. the · ceremonies ·or February 12, 1959,- and· two objectives: · · I have inchided ·in -addition, ·however, a that your committee has ·also arranged fo:t provision directing the FHA encourage -parti-cipation in the cerem-onies of the dis­ First:· Assistance "'in obtaining more to tinguished American-poet, Mr. Carl Sandburg; liberal FHA financing. :f.or tne· c-onstrue.:.: the construction of ·such inirsihg homes and the distinguished American actor, Mr ~ tion of rental and sales housing, es.:.. at or near the site of elderly family hous­ Fredric March. - _ · pecially designed . in whole- or in : part ing projects. In p'arttcular, I ·am anxious I wish to congratulate you a,nd your col-_ for our senior citizens; and - for the·facilities made available by these leagues on your plans for honoring the Second. Provision ·of adequate health: FHA programs to ·result ·. in co-ordinated memory of this ,.:towering figure--in our coun­ and medical facilities as an integral paft· and integrated projects ·ormnst benefit try's history. and economical use for our elderly fami­ !-should like to ·suggest, however, that you of such elderly" faniily housing projects. mvite another distinguished American to · This bill makes a substantial amend-· lies. Wherever possible, I feel, that -proj­ take part in the activ!t~es of February 12- ment to the existing FHA program for~ ects of housing designed for our· senior Miss Marian Anderson, one of the world's section 213 cooperative housing, and in citizens should be set up so as to become greatest musicians and one or' America's addition, prov-ides for an entirely new·­ a · fully equipped community for their: finest citizens. FHA insured-loan· program for ·elderly better enjoyment of life. ·· I was among those who on· May 26! 1957, family rental housing and for nursing· I would hope in the future that a pro- , watched Marian Anderson receive the hon­ homes. The program for improving the gram can be devised, using private orary degree ot . doctor of law~ - J't;:()}ll the president of St. Mary's College, Notre Dame, ·:financing of elderly family rental hous..: financing and private construction- but Indiana. The deg].'ee citation read in part: ing is set forth in a new section proposed with ·the insurance provided under the Arturo Toscanini said of Marian Ander­ for inclusion under title II of the Na­ FHA programs, so that .our large, single son that a voice like hers happens once in a tional Housing Act,.as.amended. f-amily .!housing_proJe.cts under. the basic hundred years. The distinguished composer This new section, 229, would increase· section 203 of FHA, can be developed as Sibelius protested that the roof of his house the dollar limits on insured loans for planned communities including the fa­ was too low -for her v6lce * * * Chiefs -of cilities and services, with FHA financing state representing their people have cele-­ elderly family rental units and provide_ brated her public triumphs. -At the invita­ for insurance of a loan up to the full aid, if needed, that seem best suited to tion of our own Government, Marian Ander­ replacement cost of a project as esti­ the majority of the occupants for which son has sung to honor the visit of royalty, the mated by FHA. - A significant change_ the proJect is built. return of a hero from a war and the inaugu-· from existing law is· that this bill pro­ Let me note that the amendments to ration of a President." vides for FHA insurance of loans for existing law which are contained in this Miss Anderson has indeed served our coun.: both profit corporations and nonprofit bill and the provisions of a proposed new try nobly and in many capacities, most organizations. Present law is limited· program for FHA rental housing, are no· recently as an altern·ate delegate to the· Oeneral Assembly of the United Nations. She to nonprofit operations. burden upon current.budg.et proposals in: won much friendship for tlie United States · In my bill, the maximum interest rate any manner whatsoever. At the most, by her 1956 and 1957 concert tours in Europe would be 4% percent and a priority of in the long distance future, there is, .of· and the Far and Near East. occupancy-is assured for elderly persons course, a contingent liability .as now· Her accomplishments are many and could er families-60 years of age or over. At exists on . all FHA insured loans. ·Ex­ be multiplied and, as the President of St. least 50 percent-of the units in such a· perience has demonstrated conclusively,· Mary's College said in 1957, "All these project would have to be especially de­ however, that_the security of the con­ achievements Miss- Anderson has accom­ plished in a spirit of profound Christian signed for occupancy by elderly p~rsons .. struction, coupled with the debenture· faith." · By special definition, the mortgage on system of FHA, are more than adequate, · It was just 20 years ago, in 1..939, that. ~n elderly family rental project would together with its very substantial .finan­ Marian Anderson gave her now legend~ry be able to cover structures and facilities cial _reserves, to protect the Govern-. Easter concert before 75,000 persons in Wash­ designed for assisting the elderly oc­ JP,ent's interest, without drain, in any ington, D.C. Stre sang from the steps of cupants in the care of their health; way, upon taxpayers. the Lincoln Memorial.- . · These special facilities would be such I believe it -would be most fitting for your committee to invite Miss Anderson once again structures ·as infirmaries, inpatient or to sing in the shadow of Lincoln's memory outpatient health facilities, therapeutic Civil Righ~s Legislatio~ · as the Members of both Houses of the Con-· :facilities or such other facilities as the gress of the United States join to pay tribute Commissioner of FHA might · approve to the man who is the symbol of America's and deem adequate to _serve the elderly EXTENSION OF REMARKS dedication to freedom. occupants of the project. OF I hope; sir, ·that you and your colleagues ·- In addition, my bill amends the exist-· on the committee will, invite Miss Anden~on. HON. WILLIAM M. M·cCULLOCH ing law on coop.eratiye housin_g to pro­ OF OHIO to take part in the ceremonies of February 12, vide that an FHA section 213 cooperative 1959, before the joint session of Congress. IN THE HO~SE OF REPRESENTATIVES With highest regard and best wishes, I am, housing mortgage, for either sale or Sincerely yours, rental housing, can cover the cost of Thursq,ay,Ff!bruary 12,1959 JOHN BRADEMAS, special facilities which are of the type Mr. ~ McCULLOCH. Mr. - Spe-aker~ 11 Member of G_ongress. I have just described. In this way, a have today introduced a bill to -imple-. cooperative housing project which, in ment the seven recommendations made many areas of _the country, is an ideal by the President .in his. civil :rights mes .. vehicle for the supply of .low..:cost, lib_­ sage of February 5, 1959. Housing for the Elderly erally financed housing 'suitable 'for our This proposed Civil Rights Act of 19-9 senior citizens, will be even more able constitutes a moderate, practical, sound. to serve their needs. Existing law-al..: and, I believe, generally acceptable ·step EXTENSION OF REMARKS ready permits cooperative rental projects forward. ~ OF to cover needed commercial and com.: First. Titie I would make it a criminal munity facilities. It makes sense, there:. offense to interfere with the exercise of HON. DANTE B. FASCELL fore, to· add this further provision and rights or the performance of duties under OF FLORIDA thus make possible ·in its most beneficiai orders of U.S. courts in school desegre­ IN TliE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES way, the availability · of cooperativ~ gation-cases. housing for our elderly families. · Thursday, February 12, 1959 Second. Title II of the bill would make In one further way, this bill should it a Federal offense to cross State lines Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Speaker, I have prove of real assistance for elderly family to avoid ~prosecution or confinement for introduced today a housing ·bill which housing projects. I have· included pro­ destroying or attempting to destroy by should be of substantial assistance in _visions in this 'Qill whi{;h have _already fire or' explosive any structure used fo! relieving the shortage of housing for received tlie approval of the other · body~ ~·gucational or religious ~ purposes. -This elderly persons and in increasing· rental :covering a new program_for the insur~ l{!gislation will clarify the authority of housing and related special health fa~ -ance of a loan .for the construction of a the-F'ederal B~reau of Investigation-to ·cilities for elderly families. · My- bill is ,nursing home especially -directed-towarq. a_s§~st -local · enforcement authorities .- to 1959 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 2277 track down the per!)etrators of such the President and the Congress to be ad· children of military personnel education offenses. . :vised· in an interim report to be sub­ necessitated by the closing of the public Third. The President has said that the mitted not later than September 1, 1959, schools. right to vote is the keystone of demo· .as to Commission activities as of that Seventh. The final substantive title, cratic self-government. Title III of my ·date. title VII, will authorize the Federal Gov· bill will requ!re election officers to ret .ai~ ~ifth. Title V will give legislature stat· -erninent to provide technical assistance and preserve for 3 years all records and . ure and independent existence to a Com· to States which prior to the Supreme papers which come into their possession _mission on Equal Job Opportunity Un· .Court decision of May 17, 1954-Brown relating to elections involving candi· der Government Contracts. The 15 ·against Board of Education-maintained dates for Federal office: · The measure member Presidential Commission would segregated schools and which seek to will also authorize the Attorney General be authorized to continue and to expand comply with the decision of the Supreme to demand their production for exami­ the work which has been done in recent Court. It would accomplish this pur:. nation and copying with re~ourse to the years to promote equal job opportunity pose by making Federal grants available courts in the event of noncompliance. in the performance of Government con- to the States. Also, at the request of Fourth. In establishing the Commis­ . tracts without regard to race, creed, the States or local agencies, the Com· sion on Civil Rights, the 85th Congress color, or national origin. missioner of Education would be author­ provided that the Commission shall ter· Sixth. Title VI of the bill would ap­ ·ized to provide technical assistance and minate its existence not later than 2 propriately amend Public Laws 815 and information in the development of de­ years and 60 days after the date of the 874 of the 81st Congress, which authorize segregation programs and upon request enactment of the Civil Rights Act. This .Federal payments to school districts of such officials will initiate or partici:. would mean that -in the absence of an . which provide free public education to pate in conferences dealing with the edu­ extension the Civil Rights Commission children whose parents reside or work cational aspects of problems arising from would, at the latest, cease to exist early on Federal property not subject to State desegregation 'of public schools. in November of this year. The Presi­ or local taxation to include children of As indicated at the outset of this state­ dent has recommended, and title IV of members of the Armed Forces whether ment, I am convinced that this bill is a this bill will accomplish, a 2-year exten­ they reside on Federal property or not. sensible, middle course which the Con.:. sion in order that the Commission may This title will also authorize the acquisi­ gress should look upon with favor. I adequately perform the job for which it tion of certain school buildings as rental sincerely hope it will receive considera· was created. The bill also provides for property, to be used for providing for tion at an early date.

- DESIGNATION OF ACTING PRES!· usual morning hour for the introduction SENATE DENT PRO TEMPORE of bills and the transaction of other rou· tine business. I ask unanimous consent MONDAY, FEBRUARY 16, 1959 · The legislative clerk read the following letter: that statements in connection therewith Rev. John C. Petrauskas, headmas· U.S. SENATE, be limited to 3 minutes. ter, Marianapolis Preparatory School, PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE, The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tern· Thompson, Conn., offered the following Washington, D.O., February 16, 1959. pore. Without objection, it is so ordered. To the Senate: prayer: Being temporarily absent from the Senate, 0 Lord, as we humbly commend our­ I appoint Hon. THOMAS J. Donn, a Senator JOHN FOSTER DULLES selves to Thy omnipresence, we invoke 'from-the State of Connecticut, to perform the Mr. JOHNSON of Texas. Mr. Presi· Thy infinite blessings on this august duties of the Chair during my absence. CARL HAYDEN, dent, the news of the weekend.from Wal• assembly, whose deliberations and deci· President pro tempore. ter Reed Hospital weighs heavily upon sions reverberate to the farthermost all of us as we meet here in the Senate ends of the world which Thou hast Mr. DODD thereupon took the chair as today. . created. Acting President pro tempore. A valued American lies ill. Our hearts Imbue our lawmakers, 0 Lord, with a and the hearts of free men everYWhere go delicate sense of justice, a burning love out to John Foster Dulles as he begins his of the moral good, an unrelenting oppo­ THE JOURNAL fight for health. If tenacity, dedication, sition to iniquity, and an unswerving On request of Mr. JoHNSON of Texas~ and resoluteness of purpose are allies of trust in Thy inscrutable ways. and by unanimous consent, the reading medicine, then the prognosis is certainly As Thou regardest this troubled world; of the Journal of the proceedings o:f encouraging, for Mr. Dulles has never with its emphasis on superlatives, take Thursday, February 12, 1959, was dis­ been lacking in these qualities. In the heed, 0 Lord, of the plight of small na.. pensed with. most difficult and demanding of public tions. We beseech Thee to look with duties, he has been tenacious and tireless favor upon Lith.uania and her neighbor· in pursuit of what he has held to be ing Baltic States as they mark in mourn· MESSAGES FROM T~E PRESIDENT right. His example of exhausting and unhesitating devotion to duty is one ing a once proudly proclaimed fr~edom · Messages in writing from the President of the United States submitting nomina­ which we both admire and envy. and independence. Banish tyranny and Over the period of his service as Sec­ bondage from the face of the· earth, and tions were communicated to the Senate retary of State, Mr. Dulles and I have grant that Lithuania and all other .cap· by Mt. Miller, one of his secre~aries. both agreed and disagreed. Yet it has tive nations may once again know the never been difficult to work with him for blessings of freedom and security, so that. ENROLLED. BILL PRESENTED the best interests of the Nation. I have they may continue to glorify Thee. never had occasion to say anything ~r· With filial devotion and confidence, we The Secretary of the Senate reported sonal about him in any circumstance, have recourse t_o Thee, who hast been that on February 12, 1959, he presented for I have held him in very high regard, called our tainted nature's solitary to the President of tbe United States the and I still do. · boast, and whose motherly concern em· enrolled bill