Political Science Introduction to

Yukari Iwanami 330 Harkness Hall [email protected] Office Hours: TBA

Course Description This course introduces students to key concepts of international relations, theoretical approaches, and important historical knowledge. The cental purpose of this course is to provide students with the tools to form their own opinions in contemporary international relations. We will examine a wide range of topics, including the workings of the international system, the causes of international , the roles of international institutions, and economic relations between countries. If time permits, we will also examine current global issues such as the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, human rights, and terrorist activities.

Required Books • Robert J. Art and , eds., International Politics: Enduring Concepts and Con- temporary Issues, 9th edition (NY: Longman, 2008) • Karen A. Mingst, Essentials of International Relations, Fourth Edition (W. W. Norton & Company 2008) • Jeffry A. Frieden, David A. Lake, Kenneth A. Schultz, World Politics: Interests, Interactions, Institutions, New York: W. W. Norton, 2010.

1 Introduction

This section introduces key concepts of international relations, such as sovereignty (the West- phalian system), power, and anarchy. • Art and Jervis, Anarchy and Its Consequences, in Art and Jervis, 1-6 • Mingst, 23-26 • Mingst, State, 99-101 • Robert J. Art, The Four Functions of Force, in Art and Jervis, 141-148

1 2 Levels of Analysis

This section introduces students to three levels of analysis: the individual level, the state level, and the international system level.

• Mingst, Theory and the Levels of Analysis 57-59

• Mingst, International System, 81-98

• Mingst, Models of Foreign-Policy Decision making, 122–129

• Mingst, Elites, 139-151

• Robert Jervis, Perception and Misperception in International Politics, Princeton, NJ: Prince- ton University Press, 1976, 58-84

3 Theoretical Approaches

This section introduces students to traditional approaches of international approaches, such as realism and idealism/liberalism. We examine how international politics differs from domestic politics.

3.1 Overview • Mingst, 59-68

3.2 Realism • , The Anarchic Structure of World Politics, in Art and Jervis, 29-49

• John J. Mearsheimer, Anarchy and the Struggle for Power, in Art and Jervis, 50-60

• Joseph M. Grieco, 1988, “Anarchy and the Limits of Cooperation: A Realist Critique of the Newest Liberal Institutionalism,” International Organization 43(3) 485-507

3.3 Liberalism • Kenneth Oye, The conditions for Cooperation in World Politics, in Art and Jervis, 69-82

• Robert O. Keohane, International Institutions, in Art and Jervis, 119-126

• Michael W. Doyle, Kant, Liberal Legacies, and Foreign Affairs, in Art and Jervis, 83-95

• John Owen, 1994, “How Liberalism Produces Democratic ,” , 19, 87-125

2 • Bruce Russett and John Oneal, 1999, “The Kantian Peace: The Pacific Benefits of Democ- racy, Interdependence, and International Organizations, 1885-1992,” World Politics, 52, 1-37

3.4 Constructivism • Mingst, 72-75 • , Anarchy is What States Make of It, in Art and Jervis, 61-68 • Samuel P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations?, in Art and Jervis, 391-405 • , 1998, “The Promise of Constructivism in International Relations Theory,” Inter- national Security 23 (1), 171-200

4 International Conflict

In this section, we examine the causes of war by analyzing the origins of World War I, World War II, and the Cold War. • Frieden, Lake, and Schultz, chapter 3 • Robert Jervis, Offense, Defense, and the , in Art and Jervis, 153-173 • , Rationalist Explanations for War, International Organization, Vol. 49, No.3, Summer 1995: 379414 • Paul M. Kennedy, 1984, “The First World War and the International System,” International Security, 9 (1). • Stephen Van Evera, 1984, “The Cult of the Offensive and the Origins of the First World War,” International Security, 9 (1) • X, 1947, “The Sources of Soviet Conduct,” Foreign Affairs, XXV, 575-576

5 International Institutions and International Law

This section explores how international institutions mitigate the problems of anarchy and bring about cooperation among states. We refer to the League of Nations, the United Nations, and NATO. • , 1994-95, “The False Promise of International Institutions,” International Security, 19, 5-49 • Frieden, Lake, and Schultz, 62-67 • Steven R. Ratner, International Law, in Art and Jervis, 581-586

3 6 International

In this section, we examine financial, monetary, and trade relations between countries by address- ing the IMF, the World Bank, the Breton Woods system, GATT, and the WTO.

6.1 Overview • Mingst, 249-253 • Michael J. Hiscox, The Domestic Sources of Foreign Economic Policies, in Art and Jervis, 280-289 • , Global Political Economy, Press 2001, 234-340

6.2 International Finance • Frieden, Lake, and Schultz, International Financial Relations, chapter 7

6.3 International Monetary Systems • Frieden, Lake, and Schultz, International Monetary Relations, chapter 8

6.4 International Trade • Frieden, Lake, and Schultz, International Trade, chapter 6 • Ronald Rogowski, Political Cleavages and Changing Exposure to Trade, American Review 81, no. 4 (December 1987): pp. 1121-1137

7 Civil and Ethnic Conflicts

In this section, we focus on domestic conflicts and examine how they differ from international conflicts. • Robert I. Rotberg, Failed States, Collapsed States, Weak States: Causes and Indicators, in Art and Jervis, 427-434 • Chaim Kaufmann, Possible and Impossible Solutions to Ethnic Civil , in Art and Jervis, 435-456 • James D. Fearon and David D. Laitin, 2003, “Ethnicity, Insurgency, and Civil War,” Ameri- can Political Science Review, 97 (1) 75-90 • James D. Fearon, 2004, “Why do Some Civil Wars Last So Much Longer Than Others?,” Journal of Peace Research, 41 (3), 275-301

4 8 Current Issues

Finally, we address current global issues.

8.1 Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction • Scott D. Sagan, Nuclear Instability in South Asia, in Art and Jervis, 239-249

• Kenneth N. Waltz, Nuclear Stability in South Asia, in Art and Jervis, 250-260

8.2 Terrorism • Robert Pape, The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism, in Art and Jervis, 221-238

• Bruce Hoffmann, What Is Terrorism?, in Art and Jervis, 198204.

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