Subject Index

4-NP-exposure 181 biochemical responses 191 biocompatible adhesives 216 biodegradable adhesives 216 A biofouling substances 216,217 abnormal development 189 bioindicators 115,116 abnormalities 121,124 bioluminescence 4 AchE 100 biomarkers 106 actin 94 biomaterials 240 et seq. ADAMs 20 biomedical field 215 adhesion molecules 92,93 biomedical research 11 agglutinins 92 biomimetic material 215 alkali-labile sites 114,126 biosensor(s) 63,116,121 amassin 93 blastemal process 184 amino acids 207,213,214,217 blastocoel matrix 26 amoebocyte 88 blastomere interaction 60 amputation 180 BMPs homologues 34 analytical techniques 183 antibacterial activity 2 C anticholinergic compounds 61 cadherins 31 anticoagulant 258 cadmium 115,116,118,120,121,123,124, antimicrobial compounds 155 128 antitumoral protein(s) 259 calcium 52,56,236 apextrin 24 calcium dynamics 55 apurinic sites 126 Cambrian explosion 115 apyrimidinic sites 126 carbohydrate 207,208,210,213 aquaculture 158 carotenoid(s) 149,256 arm regeneration 171 CdCl2 exposure 101,102 artificial diet 148 cell biology 1 asexual reproduction 170 cell communication 14,47 asterosaponin 255 cell junctions 31 attachment complex 208,210 cell migration 189 autotomy 212 cell proliferation 189 axial organ 90 cellular response 103 cellular toxicity 79 B chemiluminescence 71,73,74,83 beche-de-mer 238 cholinergic molecules distribution 57 benthic invertebrates 113 chondroitin sulphate 154,233,238,239 benzo[a]pyrene 129 classic embryology 15 bioaccumulation 194 cleavage 59 bioactive compounds 153-156 Cockayne’s syndrome 129 268 Subject Index coelomocyte cell cultures 98 egg activation 52,53 coelomocyte culture medium 97,98 elecrical events 52 coelomocyte(s) 81-83,91,105,116-121, EMAP 13 126,128 embryo 116,121-124 collagen 24,231 embryogenesis 168 collagen fibril extraction 241 endocrine disrupters 167 colourless amoebocyte/red amoebocyte endocrine dysfunctions 174 89,104 environment 157,158 Comet assay 117 enzyme 206,216,217 complement proteins 91,92 epimorphosis 169 connective tissue 221 et seq epithelium ultrastucture 21 contaminants 174 evolution 114 contamination 71-73,75-82 experimental approach 180 contractile connective tissue 227 explants 173 corals 113,130 exposure concentrations 183 Cuvierian tubule(s) 253 exposure effects 184 cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer 114,129 extracellular matrix 221 et seq cytochrome P-450 193 extracellular matrix patterning 19 cytological disorder 194 cytotoxic activity 2 F fasciclin-I 13 D fast micromethod 117,118,126,129 de-differentiated cells 172 ferritin 96 defence 203,211,212 fertilisation 55 dentistry 216 fertilised eggs: role of cholinergic mole- development 167 cules 58 developmental biology 14 FGF receptor 34 developmental physiology 193 fibronectin-like proteins 23 disease 150,153 fibropellins 21 dissociation/reaggregation 27,28 fibrosurfin 234 DNA damage 114,117-119,122,124,126- fishery 140,141 130 footprint 204-207 DNA excision repair 114,120,122,129 fossil 8,35 DNA photoproducts 114 full solar spectrum lamp 117,118,128 DNA protein cross-links 114 DNA repair 114,116,120,122,128,129 G DNA strand breaks 114,115,118,129, ganglioside(s) 256 DNA-synthesis 29 gastrulation 18 duo-gland system 204,210 genotoxins 129 globins 93 E glycosaminoglycans 154,233,239 echinocrome 257 glycosphingolipid(s) 3,256 echinoderm endocrinology 176 growth 153,186 echinoderm genome 35 echinoderm(s) 153,169,251 echinodermata classes 8 H echinonectin 23 harvesting 149 ECM3 25 hatchery 146 ecological viepoint 252 health risks 62 economy 158 heat shock protein 116,121 ecotoxicological tests 175 heavy metals 105,115-118,124 ecto-mesoderm induction 32,33 helicase 129 Subject Index 269 hemagglutin(s) 258 metamorphosis 152,203,207,210 histological alterations 188 microalgae 144,145 holothurian 254 microfibrils 235 holotoxin 254,255 mixed pollution 119 hormonal regulatory mechanisms 176 morphallaxis 169 Hsp70 100-103,105,116,121 morphological features 10 Hsp90 131 morphological malformations 188 hyalin 22 mortality 185 muscarinic receptors 56 I muscular dedifferentiation 189 immune 71-75,78-80,82,83 mutable collagenous tissue (MCT) 221 et immune cells 87 seq immune molecules 91 myocytes 224 immune response 105 myosin 94 immune stem cells 90 immune system 86,87 N immunocytochemistry 182 n-butanol 28 immunoreactivity 206 neuritogenic activity 155 innate immunity 106 NK antigens 95 instantaneous adhesion 203,211,212 nonylphenols 179 integrins 26,27,93 nucleotide excision repair 114 interleukins 95 intracellular pathways 32 O olfactomedin 93 J organotin compounds 178 juvenile 146 oriental medicine 253 juxtaligamental cells 230 ozone 112,114,115,119 ozone depletion 112,117,130 K kinesin 94 P P. liv idus coelomocytes 96,97 L P. liv idus cultures 99 lamin 94 P. liv idus development 17 laminin 25 pamlin 25 larviculture 143-145,151,152 parasitism 71,75,80 leading compound(s) 259 PCB-exposure 181 lectins 4,92 peditoxin 257 lipophilic xenobiotics 193 perimetamorphic period 207,208,211 permanent adhesion 202,203,207,208, M 210,211,214 major yolk protein 30 petaloid phagocytes 89 malformations 124 phagocyte 88 MAP kinase 34 pharmaceutical exploitation 252 marine ecosystem 177 pharmacological agents 239 marine invertebrates 175 philopodial phagocytes 89 marine pollution 106 photolyase 114,116,129,130 matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 19, photoreactivation repair 114 20,223,244 phylogenetic tree 9 mechanical properties 224 et seq. Pl-200K 25 medicament 251 plasticiser 234 metal 71-73,75-78,80-82 Pl-ercc3 123 metallothioneins 116,124 Pl-nectin 22,23 270 Subject Index pluripotential cells 171 Shurinzu 261 primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs) 17 skeletogenesis 18 podia 203,205,210 skeleton defective embryos 23,33 pollution studies 103-105 smart materials 242 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) 71,73, sodium 53,54 78-82,179 solar UV radiation 113,114,116,130 polycystin 1-2 13 somatic growth 147 porifera 115,125 specific effects 194 post-irradiation repair 127 sperm: acetylcholine receptors 51 primmorph 117,125-127,130,131 sperm: cholinergic signalling 50 profilin 94 sperm: electrical events 48,49 protein 207,208,213-215 sperm-egg interaction 54 proteoglycans 233 spinochrome 257 pseudo-hormonal contaminants 177 sponge 113,115,117,124-131 pyrimidine(6–4)pyrimidone dimer 114 sponge connective tissue 244 stem cells 172 Q steroids 174 quantitative analysis 186 steroid glycosides 3 sterol 254 R stiffener 234 reactive oxygen species (ROS) 71-82,114, stiparin 233 115 stiparin inhibitor 234 regenerating Crinoids 178 strand scission factor 117 regeneration 156,168,212 stratospheric ozone 112,114,130 regenerative phenomena 167 stress 71,75,78,83,103 regulation 141 stress response 96 regulatory factors 171 sulfated-polysaccharides 3 repair/regenerative phases 185 surgical adhesive 215,216 research 157 sustainable aquaculture 157 RT-PCR 123,124 T S temperature 71,74,75,80,81 salinity 71,75,80 temperature stress 100,101 saponin 253 temporary adhesion 202,203,207,210, sea cucumber 140,153 211,217 sea cucumber culture 150-152 tenacity 204,213 sea urchin 116,118-124,126,128,130, tensilin 234 131,140,143-146 tensilin-tensilin protease hypothesis 236 sea urchin coelomocytes 99 terpenoid 254 sea urchin culture 142,150 tissue inhibitors of matrix metallopro- sea urchin diets 148,149 teinases (TIMPs) 223,244 sea urchin grow-out systems 147 tissue recycling 191 sea urchin in biosensors 64 tissue/cell analysis 182 sea urchin model 46 TNT-containing bombs 104 secretory granule 204,206,208,210,213 toposome 29,93 self/non self model 86 toposome precursor 30 self/non self recognition 87 TPT-Cl-exposure 181 self-adhesive dermis 240 transferrin family 30 semi-static conditions 181 transitory adhesion 202,203,207,208, Senchufu 262 210,211 sensitive test species 178 trepang 238 settlement 203,207,208,211,217 tributyltin 115 Subject Index 271 triphenyltin 179 V triterpene glycosides 154 venoms 4 tumour necrosis factor 95 vibratile cell 88 vitellogenin 30 U ultrastructural features 191 W univin 32 Wakansansaizue 260 uterine cervix 223 whole-organism analysis 182 UV-A 112-114,117,118,125-127,130 UV-B 112-123,125-131 X UV-B exposure 101,102 XPB/ERCC-3 122,123,129 UV-B lamp 118,119,127-129 Xeroderma pigmentosum 129 UV-B radiation 112-115,118,121-123,125 zygote 56 UVS-related protein 131 Taxonomic Index

A C Acanthaster planci 4,252,257,258 Caenorhabditis elegans 123 Achnanthes 152 Candida albicans 254 Actinopyga mauritania 151 Candida utilis 254 Actinopyga mauritiana 225 Caudina arenicola 93 Actinopyga miliaris 155 Chaetoceros calcitrans 151 Actinpya agassizi 254 Chaetoceros gracilis 144 Aeromonas hydrophila 155 Ciona intestinalis 123 Amphipolis squamata 4 Clypeaster japonicus 260 Amphora 152 Concentricycloidea 8 Antedon bifida 209 Cricosphaera carterae 144 Antedon mediterranea 156,167,171,172, Cricosphaera elongata 144 178-180,184-186,190,224 Crinoidea 8,208,210,252 Anthocidaris crassispina 224,258,261 Cucumaria 150 Aphocallistes vastus 129,130 Cucumaria echinata 4,259 Apostichopus japonicus 261 Cucumaria frondosa 2,94,155,233-238 Arbacia lixula 204 Cucumaria japonica 257 Arbacia punctulata 95 Aspergillus 155 D Aspergillus oryzae 254 Dendraster excentricus 224 Aspidochirotida 150 Dendrochirotida 150 Asterias amurensis 155,256,263 Dendronephthya klunzigeri 130 Asterias forbesi 95 Diadema 4 Asterias rubens 2,74-76,79,90,105,155, Diadema setosum 224,226,263 204,206,207,209,210 Dictyostelium discoideum 122,123 Asterias vulgaris 204 Doliolaria 208-210 Asterina gibbosa 211 Drosophila melanogater 122,123 Asterina pectinifera 27,155,261,263 Dunaliella tertiolecta 144,145 Asteroidea 8,11,204,207,208,210,211, 217,252 E Asteropecten 260,263 Echinoidea 8,11,139,142,204,207,208, Astichopus japonicus 233 252 Astriclypeus manni 263 Echinus esculentus 141,143 Astrocyclus 3 Enterococcus 155 Astropecten 3 Escherichia coli 129,130,150,155 Astropecten latespinosus 155,256 Eucidaris tribuloides 228 Evechinus chloroticus 143 B Bohadschia 2,211,213 G Bohadschia subrubra 213,214 Geodia cydonium 123 Brachiolaria 209,210,211 Gorgonocephalus eucnemus 263 274 Taxonomic Index

H Ophiopholis aculeata 2 Heliocidaris erythrogramma 24 Ophiuroidea 8,11,208,252 Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus 25,30,258 Oxycomanthus japonicus 257 Hemipholis elongata 93 Hemoiedema spectabilis 254 P Henricia downeyae 2,3 Panax ginseng 253 Heterocentrotus mamillatus 262,263 Paracentrotus lividus 3,15-18,22,25,30, Holothuria 153,155,211,213 31,35,46-48,50-52,54-57,60,63,65, Holothuria atra 155 78,88,89,95-97 Holothuria forskali 211-214 100,104,105,111,116,121-124,140,143, Holothuria fuscogilva 151 177,204,205,207,232,235 Holothuria impatiens 2,212 Paramoeba invadens 80 Holothuria leucospilota 156,213,214,256 Parastichopus parvimensis 240 Holothuria pervicas 256 Pearsonothuria 211,213 Holothuria polii 92 Pearsonothuria graeffei 213,214 Holothuria scabra 139,151-153,155 Pecten maximus 97 Holothuriidae 150 Penicillium chrysogenum 254 Holothuroidea 8,139,203,208,211,214, Pentamera calcigera 254 252 Phaeodactylum tricornutum 144 Homo sapiens 123,223 Pharia pyramidata 2 Hymenomonas elongata 144 Pisaster ochraceus 95 Psammechinus miliaris 141,143,145,147 I Pseudocentrotus depressus 23,30 Isocrysis galbana 144 Pseudoconus californica 2 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 155 K Klebsiella pneumoniae 155 R Regularia 252 L Rhodomonas salina 151 Loxechinus albus 140,143 Luidia 3 S Lytechinus pictus 53,55,56 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 122,123 Lytechinus variegatus 23,27,95,97,143, Salmonella typhi 155 145 Sphaerechinus granularis 204 M Spisula polynyma 76 Mellita quinquiesperforata 88 Staphylococcus aureus 155 Mensamaria intercedens 254 Staurocucumis liouvillei 254 Metacrinus rotundus 228 Stichopodidae 150 Micrococcus luteus 74 Stichopus japonicus 151-153,155,156, Mictosporum gypseum 254 256,263 Mus musculus 123 Strongylocentrotus drobachiensis 2,89, Mya arenaria 76 94,141,143,150,155 Mytilus edulis 214,215 Strongylocentrotus franciscanus 143 Strongylocentrotus intermedius 121,142, N 259,263 Navicula 152 Strongylocentrotus nudus 2,259 Nitzchia 152 Strongylocentrotus purpuratus 25-27,30, 34,35,53,89,92,143,259 O Suberites domuncula 124-126,128 Ophiocoma wendtii 4 Ophiocomina nigra 224 Ophioderma brevispina 178 Taxonomic Index 275

T Tripneustus gratilla 30,148 Temnopleurus hardwickii 22 Trishomonas vaginalis 254 Thallassia hemprichii 152 Tropiometra afra macrodisucus 257 Tomla utilis 254 Toxopneustes pileolus 4,257,258 V Trichophyton mentagrphyte 254 Vibrio diazatrophicus 92 Trichophyton rubrum 254 Vibrio harveyi 155 Authors Index

Aluigi M.G. 45 Matranga V. 7,85,111 Angelini C. 45 Muller W.E.G. 85,111 Bonaventura R. 85,111 Natoli A. 85 Candia Carnevali M.D. 167 Petzelt C. 1 Cavalcante C. 7 Pinsino A. 85 Celi M. 85 Poma V. 7 Costa C. 7 Russo R. 111 Coteur G. 71 Santos R. 201 Danis B. 71 Schroder H.C. 85,111 Di Bella G. 111 Sciarrino S. 7 Dubois P. 71 Sgro M. 45 Falugi C. 45 Thielecke H. 45 Flammang P. 201 Trombino S. 45 Haesaerts D. 201 Wilkie I.C. 221 Janipour N. 111 Yokota Y. 251 Kelly M.S. 139 Zito F. 7