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AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM LIZARD ISLAND RESEARCH STATION 2015 Report 2

LIZARD ISLAND RESEARCH STATION Australian Museum Research Institute 2015 Report Dr Rebecca Johnson, Director t + 61 (0)2 9320 6237 e [email protected] LIRS Directors Dr Lyle Vail AM and Dr Anne Hoggett AM, Directors All photographs by Lyle Vail or Anne Hoggett unless otherwise indicated. Fellowship winners Lizard Island Research Station provided own photos. PMB 37 Cairns QLD 4892 Design: i2i Design Australia Design management and production: t + 61 (0)7 4060 3977 Australian Museum Design Studio e [email protected] australianmuseum.net.au/lizard-island-research-station ISSN 0729-0942

Published March 2016

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LIZARD ISLAND WELCOME RESEARCH STATION

Located on the northern Great Barrier Reef, the Lizard The Lizard Island Research Station Island Research Station is a world-leading facility for (LIRS) is a cornerstone of the coral reef research and education and is one of the Australian Museum Research outstanding research facilities of the Australian Museum Institute (AMRI)’s science. Research Institute. As the Australian Museum (AM)’s Researchers from around the world access this unique outpost on the Great Barrier Reef, on-reef research station, making a substantial contribution LIRS has provided researchers the to coral reef science. In the past year: world over with access to the facilities and knowledge required to understand, manage and conserve one of our nation’s treasured ecosystems for more than 40 years.

2015 was one of the most eventful in both the history of LIRS, and for the Australian Museum.

There were many successes to celebrate during the year, such as the discovery at LIRS of new methods to combat the invasive Crown of Thorns Starfish, along with evidence 140 of ongoing Reef regeneration. Another key highlight of SCIENTISTS the work at LIRS was the discovery of 91 new species of CONDUCTED RESEARCH AT LIRS Polychaetes on the Reef, identified by an international team of scientists led by AMRI’s Dr Pat Hutchings and Dr Elena Kupriyanova.

These critical successes also continued at the AM in Sydney, with the liberation of new gallery spaces on the historic site. NEW SPECIES This included the opening of Wild Planet — an exhibition OF POLYCHAETE WORMS that celebrates AMRI’s leading research in biodiversity DESCRIBED FROM conservation, and highlights for museum visitors the LIZARD ISLAND incredible work of researchers both in the lab and in 1 the field, as seen at LIRS. The year also has had many challenges, with the LIRS facing another category four cyclone that temporarily disrupted outpost operations for the second year running.

Led by our skilled and stalwart LIRS Directors, Dr Anne Hoggett and Dr Lyle Vail, the station was successfully IONS AT evacuated, the damage has now been restored, and we NEW continue to welcome researchers from around the world.

111 LIRS is a jewel in the crown of AMRI’s scientific arsenal, and PUBLICATIONS BASED ON LIRS RESEARCH its inception and continuing operation would not have been possible without the generous support of the Lizard Island Reef Research Foundation (LIRRF). This dedicated group of indivduals have secured funding for the scientific opportunities that an active research facility on the World-Heritage listed Great Barrier Reef can provide. On behalf of the team at AM and LIRS, I’d like to thank 1300 SPECIES them and our donors for their support. DOCUMENTED IN LIZARD ISLAND Kim McKay ao, FIELD GUIDE Australian Museum Exectutive Director and CEO 4

ANOTHER YEAR, ANOTHER CYCLONE

Less than a year after the first category four cyclone hit sandblasting many surfaces. Again, LIRS had to evacuate, Lizard Island in living memory, Cyclone Nathan caused major which impacted ongoing and imminent research enormously. disruption when it struck in the early hours of 20 March 2015, Visiting researchers were again extremely helpful and calm also at category four. Nathan was in the area for about two as LIRS prepared for the cyclone and the evacuation. weeks, passing at a distance of 90 km at category two on The aftermath was different this time around. Flights and 12 March before intensifying and returning to make an barge services resumed much more quickly and this greatly almost-direct hit on Lizard Island eight days later. The GBR enhanced the recovery. LIRS staff were back on the island Ocean Observing System array in the Lizard Island lagoon by sunset on the day of the cyclone, rather than four days recorded environmental conditions throughout both events. later as was the case the year before. We were able to With wind speed up to 181 km per hour and air pressure prevent further damage that would have occurred had of 965 hPa, Nathan was slightly stronger than Cyclone Ita there been a greater delay, such as saving experiments the year before. While winds of more than 100 km per hour and food supplies by restoring power to areas where battered the island for more than 12 hours during Cyclone Ita, circuit breakers had tripped. Selected researchers were they lasted only six hours during Nathan. able to return within a few days to salvage what they could of ongoing experiments. As with Ita in 2014, an enormous number of trees came down and exposed reefs were pummelled. The LIRS There are still plenty of lovely reefs in the beautiful Lizard buildings proved themselves again, suffering no major Island lagoon because it was largely protected by the reef damage. However, there was lots of minor damage and the surrounding it, but the perimeter of the island group has amount of sand that was hurled around was amazing, literally been badly impacted. 5

OPPOSITE: LIRS after Cyclone Nathan.

TOP LEFT: Exposed reefs were badly impacted. TOP RIGHT: Sharing information with worried researchers as Nathan approached.

ABOVE: BELOW: Lyle Vail and Anne Hoggett.

Several research teams are monitoring the damage and recovery. One interesting finding is that a huge number of very small coral colonies survived the cyclones and they are an important part of the regenerating reef at Lizard Island. Despite the disruption caused by Cyclone Nathan, LIRS has hosted a record number of scientists and hosted ground-breaking research in areas like COTS and impacts of climate change.

Monitoring by the Australian Institute of Marine Science has shown that reefs further south that were badly damaged by two severe cyclones (Larry in 2006, Yasi in 2011) had largely recovered by 2015. In fact, some of them now have higher coral cover than at any time since monitoring began in 1986. Reefs can recover remarkably quickly if the conditions are right. Research has shown that such resilience depends on good water quality and intact ecosystems. Our challenge is to improve and maintain those things.

Anne Hoggett am & Lyle Vail am, AMLIRS Directors 6

FELLOWSHIPS

Five new Fellowships were awarded in 2015 by the Australian Museum for PhD students and early-career researchers to conduct field-intensive research at LIRS, commencing in March 2016. The Fellowships program is fully supported by the Lizard Island Reef Research Foundation and its donors. Jamie McWilliam Details of the conditions and selection criteria can be 2016 Lizard Island Doctoral Fellow found in the Lizard Island Research Station section of the Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Curtin University Australian Museum’s web site. Applications close in August or September each year for funding that becomes available The pulse of a coral reef: Using acoustic survey as a tool in March of the following year. for monitoring coral reef ecosystems in a changing climate

Marine ecosystems face a challenging future with the growing pressures of climate change and industrial development. In order to develop effective management measures, efficient long-term monitoring programs are required. One area with untapped potential for effective monitoring is underwater sound. Our oceans contain a rich and diverse array of underwater sounds, which are used by many animals to navigate,

forage and communicate. Hundreds of fish species are known to produce sound and fish choruses that Zoe Loffler are prominent throughout Australian waters are often 2016 Ian Potter Doctoral Fellow associated with feeding or spawning activities. Local ARC CoE Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University soundscapes may play a key role in the life processes of marine organisms, including fish. Canopy-forming macroalgae on coral reefs: how does it affect key ecosystem processes? There has been limited work developing and applying Coral reefs are impacted by many stressors that reduce appropriate acoustic monitoring techniques to investigate the coverage of live coral. While some reefs recover from any relationship between a marine soundscape and fish such impacts, others are overgrown by fleshy macroalgae communities at appropriate scales. Jamie aims to develop (seaweed). Once established, seaweed-dominated states a methodology for monitoring the condition of coral reefs are difficult to reverse. It has been suggested recently that using underwater soundscape recordings. cyclones and storms may remove seaweed from the reef and Soundscape science is still at a very early stage of thereby provide a ‘window of opportunity’ for the settlement development, and intensive monitoring of the kind proposed and recovery of coral populations. We know that storms and by Jamie is what is required to take things forward. cyclones can break the thallus (leafy part) from the holdfast of shallow-water seaweeds such as Sargassum, but the long- term effects of such removal are unknown.

Two category four cyclones impacted the Lizard Island region in the past two years and Zoe’s supervisor, Dr Andrew Hoey, has long-term data sets on seaweed communities in those areas.

Zoe will use this unique set of circumstances to test the hypothesis that cyclones can provide an opportunity for corals to re-establish by removing seaweed.

RIGHT: Polyps of the coral Turbinaria peltata.

OPPOSITE LEFT: Fanworm Megalomma interrupta showing radiolar eyes. Image: Alexander Semenov. OPPOSITE RIGHT: Healthy reef flat with a Doublebar Goatfish, Parupeneus crassilabris. 7

Dr Michael Bok Dr Rebecca Fox & Dr Jennifer Donelson 2016 John and Laurine Proud Postdoctoral Fellow 2015 Isobel Bennett Marine Biology Fellowship, University Lund University, Sweden of Technology, Sydney

Seeing with gills: The evolution of branchial Exploring the nexus between behaviour and physiology photoreceptors in fan worms of coral reef fishes in a warming world

Marine fan worms possess some of the strangest eyes in Our ability to forecast outcomes for ecological communities nature. Their ‘fans’ are composed of two sets of radiolar under conditions of global change is reliant on knowledge tentacles that project up out of the worm’s protective tube. of species’ sensitivity to environmental temperatures and Primarily used for respiration and feeding, these radioles are investigation of their latent capacity to cope with higher also often involved in detecting light. They express a surprising temperatures. This latent capacity can be expressed in the diversity of eyelets of varying levels of sophistication, ranging form of both behavioural and physiological plasticity. In most from scattered single ocelli to compound eyes with up to research to date the two mechanisms have been considered 1,000 facets. These photoreceptors are probably a relatively independently, but an important nexus may exist between recent evolutionary development to cope with a sessile, tube- wthe two, which may have the potential to lead to an over or dwelling lifestyle. They appear to function as visual burglar under-estimation of the temperature-related extinction risks alarms for detecting the silhouettes of looming predators faced by individual species. and eliciting a startle response for the worm to rapidly retreat within its fortified tube. The study that will be conducted by Rebecca and Jennifer is the first to test the combined capacity for behavioural Considering the unusual and apparently recently-evolved and physiological plasticity in reef fish species, with the goal nature of fan worm ‘eyes’, these animals are an excellent case of being able to more accurately predict who will be the for examining the emergence of novel visual systems and winners and losers in a warmer future. may inform our understanding of how the first eyes evolved. Lizard Island is the ideal location to carry out such a study due The project’s significance lies in the fact that it will examine to the recent, thorough census of polychaete species there the combination of behavioural and physiological plasticity (funded by LIRRF in 2013). Lizard Island now has the best exhibited by mobile reef fishes using surgeonfishes as a model. described and broadest taxonomic range of fan worms known, It will also be the first time that thermoregulation behaviour comprising 75 species. Mike’s study will involve collaborators: has been specifically tested for in coral reef fishes in situ. The Dr Megan Porter, University of Hawaii at Manoa; Dr Maria Capa, outcomes will advance our understanding of how tropical Museum of Natural History & Archaeology, Norway. marine ectotherms will respond to environmental warming. 8

Dr Sandra Binning & Dr Dominique Roche 2016 Yulgilbar Postdoctoral Fellows The University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland

Cooperation, conflict and cognition in marine cleaning mutualisms

Mutualism is a relationship between two species in which both benefit from the association. Mutualisms play an integral role in maintaining the diversity and stability of ecosystems, including coral reefs. For example, cleaning organisms, which include a variety of fish and crustacean species, remove ectoparasites from the surfaces of so- called clients. Cleaners are ubiquitous on coral reefs and have important effects on reef community structure. These positive interactions are likely maintained through trade- offs among potential costs, benefits and risks associated with cooperating and a variety of partner control strategies by all participants. Knowledge of the benefits derived by participants and traits related to partner control COTS Control Grants are therefore critical to understand the evolution and maintenance of mutualisms and consequently coral reef The Great Barrier Reef lost half its coral cover in the community structure and stability. 27 years to 2012. Cyclones and predation by the Crown of Thorns Starfish (COTS) are estimated to be responsible for Sandra and Dom will use one of the most abundant cleaners 90% of that loss and, in the absence of COTS, coral cover in the Indo-Pacific, the Bluestreak Cleaner Wrasse, to would actually have increased marginally despite ongoing explore factors contributing to the persistence of cleaning losses from other causes (D’eath et al, 2012, PNAS). mutualisms on coral reefs, building on the wealth of knowledge available on this species and its interactions with In 2014, the Ian Potter Foundation provided funding to client reef fishes around Lizard Island. In this system, client the Lizard Island Reef Research Foundation under its 50th fishes visit cleaners to have their ectoparasites removed. Anniversary Commemorative Grants program for research Conflicts of interest arise because cleaners prefer to eat the that improves control methods and/or mitigates the effects client’s protective mucus rather than ectoparasites. As fishes of COTS outbreaks. With this funding, the Australian rely on this protective coating for defence against infections, Museum awarded five grants in 2015 to researchers from mucus feeding by cleaners constitutes cheating. Therefore, ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies at James cleaners must feed against their preference in order to Cook University, College of William and Mary (USA), provide a net benefit, or good service, to the clients. Southern Cross University and the University of Sydney.

Interestingly, not all clients are treated equally; there is Much of the funded research aims to resolve deficiencies dramatic variation in the rates of cheating among species. in our knowledge of COTS biology that could point to Why are some species treated so poorly by the cleaners? potential interventions for management of outbreaks. Topics Identifying the underlying causes of this variation in service include the behaviour of COTS larvae, the role of predation quality is critical for advancing cooperation theory. in controlling both adult and larval COTS populations, and COTS reproduction and larval dispersal. Much of this research was done near the end of 2015 to coincide with the known breeding season of COTS and data are still being analysed.

One of the funded projects was carried out in early 2015 and it has already provided reef managers with an additional one-shot injection method for controlling COTS outbreaks (Publication 12 in this report). Lisa Boström-Einarsson from James Cook University tested 9

Profile of a former fellow Dr Ilona Stobutzki Ilona Stobutzki was the 1995 Lizard Island Doctoral Fellow. Her entire tertiary education was completed at James Cook University, culminating in a PhD under the supervision of Dr David Bellwood. Ilona’s PhD research focused on the swimming abilities and orientation behaviour of pre-settlement reef fish. She was the first to demonstrate the ability of larval fishes to actively control their dispersal and settlement on reefs. This revelation has had a major impact on the management of reef fish since she demonstrated that they were not like passive particles that are at the mercy of the wind and tides.

After completing her PhD, Ilona worked for CSIRO on bycatch in northern Australian fisheries and the broader ecosystem impacts of fishing. She was involved in developing risk assessment approaches and during this time started collaborations with researchers in Indonesia. In 2002, she moved to the WorldFish Center in Malaysia to lead work on coastal fisheries in South and South-east Asia. household vinegar for its effectiveness in controlling During that period, she became interested in COTS by injection. The first one-shot injection method working at the interface between fisheries science was developed at LIRS in recent years using oxbile. Oxbile and policy. Since 2006, she has worked for the is still the chemical of choice for managers controlling Federal Government within the Australian Bureau large numbers of COTS since only 4 ml needs to be of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Science. injected to ensure 100% mortality. However, oxbile is often Ilona has held various roles in science leadership not available in remote locations, it can be expensive and and management related to Commonwealth fisheries, there can be issues with importation and quarantine due and undertakes research to assist management to its bovid origin. Lisa wanted to test the effectiveness and policy development. Currently, she leads the of household vinegar since it is cheap and generally readily Fisheries, Forestry and Quantitative Sciences Branch available, even in remote Pacific island countries. with teams of scientific and economic researchers who work on issues relating to fisheries, forestry In the LIRS aquarium, Lisa injected COTS with different and biosecurity. Her involvement in Asian fisheries strengths and volumes of vinegar. She found that a single research continues. injection of 25 ml of vinegar from a small bore needle at the base of one arm induced functional mortality in 24 hours and 100% mortality in 48 hours. She then tested whether COTS injected with vinegar had any negative impacts on other animals, such as pufferfish and triggerfish that are known to feed on dying COTS, or on corals and other invertebrates that would come into contact with injected COTS. She tested 32 species of fish and invertebrates and found no negative effects. The method has since been successfully adopted in the Maldives, Seychelles, Bali, PNG and Fiji. Permits and funding have been obtained for field trials to be undertaken during 2016 to satisfy GBRMPA requirements for listing vinegar as an approved chemical for killing COTS on the Great Barrier Reef.

Additional grants in the COTS Control program will be made in 2016 and 2017. 10

LIZARD ISLAND REEF RESEARCH FOUNDATION

FOUNDER TRUSTEE EMERITUS Mrs Fiona Playfair Mrs Heather Power Sir John Proud1 Mr Kenneth Coles AM2 Mr Robert Purves AM

PATRONS TRUSTEES Mr Graham Sherry OAM Ms Helen Wellings Mr Andrew Green Mr David Shannon (Chairman) Dr Des GriffinAM Mr Charlie Shuetrim AM 1 Deceased Mr Raymond Kirby AO (Chairman, Appeal Committee) 2 Retired as active Trustee in 2015 Mrs Jacqueline Loomis Mr David Armstrong The Ian Potter Foundation Dr Penny Berents SCIENCE COMMITTEE Mr Robert Purves AM Mr James Bildner Dr Penny Berents (Chair) Thyne Reid Foundation Ms Belinda Gibson Dr Rebecca Johnson Prof Frank Talbot AM Dr Ronnie Harding Dr Lyle Vail AM Mr Chris Joscelyne Dr Anne Hoggett AM Mr Vivian King Prof Lynne Madden Ms Kim McKay AO

Projects and equipment funded by LIRRF in 2015 • The LIRS Fellowships and Grants programs outlined previously. • New tractor with hydraulic frame, through generous donations from the John Villiers Trust and the Raymond E. Purves Foundation • Refurbishment of the Raymond E. Purves Laboratory, thanks to the Raymond E. Purves Foundation • New research dinghy Marie Elisabeth, thanks to a donation by long-term LIRRF members Geoff and Lis Haddy • Replacement of other equipment, including a generator, two 90 hp outboard motors for Kirsty K, and new air conditioners for the aquarium system • Online Lizard Island Field Guide (lifg.australianmuseum. LIRS is the only research station on the Great Barrier Reef net.au) and associated mobile applications, outlined on supported by a dedicated Foundation. page 12 The Lizard Island Reef Research Foundation's focus is to • Social media engagement through an intern based at provide resources to support excellent coral reef research at the Australian Museum and the website lirrf.org, thanks LIRS. This takes two major forms: 1) providing high quality to David and Daniela Shannon research infrastructure, and 2) providing funds for research • Satellite tags to record long-distance movements of and for the communication of that research. marlin, thanks to the Teakle Foundation The Lizard Island Reef Research Foundation has provided the funds for all capital development of the Station since the Foundation’s inception in 1978 and for the Fellowships program since 1984. More recently, it has funded an increasing number of other projects. ABOVE: Australian Museum Trustees and staff at LIRS. 11

LEFT: Deploying equipment to study ocean acidification. TOP: Drones are becoming useful tools for coral reef research. ABOVE: Repairing the aquarium pump pit after Cyclone Nathan.

Board changes LIRS is able to provide a world-class coral reef research station in an isolated location due to the regular stream of Ken Coles am has been a Trustee since 1991, was Chairman annual donations from Members and Friends. This income from 1994 to 2012, and with his wife Rowena Danziger am, source enables multi-year planning and provides the base is one of the initial Life Members of the Foundation. As he from which LIRRF is able to attract special grants from other is approaching 90 years, Ken decided this year to retire philanthropic organisations. The very substantial donation from active engagement with the Trust. To recognise his from Life Members is critical for long-term maintenance of outstanding contributions, the Trust resolved to recognise Station’s infrastructure in a harsh environment. him as an Emeritus Trustee. Our corporate members provide valuable in-kind contributions. Social media • Delaware North Australia Parks and Resorts is the major The Foundation’s web site, lirrf.org, was greatly expanded supporter of the Members program through its donation during 2015 through the efforts of two part-time interns based of an annual ‘Members Draw’ prize of a 3-night stay for at the Australian Museum, Teresa Horsley and Megan Deveson. two people at the Resort. In 2015 the prize was extended Through regular phone interviews with scientists at LIRS, they to Friends as well as Members and was won by Nikki have produced a series of posts that capture the diversity and Weston. Delaware North also provides valuable logistic importance of the research conducted there. support to LIRS, including access to its chartered barge Subscription to the site is free and all subscribers have and passenger flights. the opportunity to win a 3-night stay for two at Lizard • Apollo Sports Company has supported the Station’s Island Resort, donated by Delaware North Australia Parks extensive inventory of dive equipment for many years. and Resorts. • Hungerford Hill Wines contributes wines for the annual Foundation dinner. Members and Friends LIRRF Members donate $1,000 or more in a 12 month period and Friends give a lower amount. Donations of $2 or more are tax deductible in Australia. Life Members donate at least $100,000 which may be spread over several years. Please see page 24 for this year’s Members. 12

Events The latest addition to the LIRS research fleet, Marie Elisabeth, was launched on 9 November at LIRS with donors Geoff and Each year, the LIRRF hosts a dinner in Sydney and a luncheon Lis Haddy as the guests of honour. The dinghy is named for in Melbourne for Members. This year, the Sydney event was Lis and it generously commemorates one of her milestone held on the Terrace at the Australian Museum on 12 August birthdays. It is the first of the LIRS dinghies with a 4-stroke with about 100 people attending, and the luncheon was at motor and is already very popular among researchers. the Athenaeum Club on 6 May with 23 people.

The guest speaker at both functions was Dr Peter Macreadie, a senior lecturer in marine ecology at Deakin University. He Visitors gave engaging talks on the extraordinary carbon-storing The following Members and Trustees visited LIRS during 2015: abilities of Australia’s coastal ecosystems. Peter along with • Inaugural Life Member Peter Teakle, with family colleague Dr Paul York (James Cook University) were awarded and guests the 2014 Isobel Bennett Marine Biology Fellowship to study the carbon sequestration capacity of deep water seagrass • David and Megan Armstrong meadows in the vicinity of Lizard Island. • Belinda Gibson with Jim Murphy and friends In Melbourne, LIRS Director Dr Anne Hoggett also spoke • Charlie and Sandy Shuetrim about impacts and recovery from Cyclones Nathan and • Janet Hirst, Avalee Weir and Nicole McLeod of the Ita. At the Sydney function, Australian Museum Director & Ian Potter Foundation CEO Kim McKay welcomed those present and provided an • Geoff and Lis Haddy update on the program and developments at the Museum. • Mike and Lou Hamshere Dr Pat Hutchings (AM Senior Principal Research Scientist) reported on the imminent publication of the outcomes of the Polychaete Workshop that was sponsored by the LIRRF in 2013, and Dr Rebecca Johnson (Director, Australian Museum Research Institute) gave an update about Station activities during the past year as neither of the LIRS Directors were able to attend. ABOVE: Lis and Geoff Haddy at the launch of Marie Elisabeth. 13

The LIFG captures information about local species, marine FOR THE RECORD and terrestrial, in an accessible format to build research capacity and engage with the community. As well as Trips to Lizard island published and museum records, it draws from the ‘grey’ knowledge generated by the researchers who pass through The Australian Museum organised two trips to Lizard Island LIRS which would otherwise be lost, and also includes well- through its partnership with travel group Adventure World. substantiated reports from interested members of the public. One was a five-night stay at LIRS in October, led by Many of the common and some of the not-so-common Australian Museum scientist and LIRRF Trustee Dr Penny species are now illustrated. At the end of 2015 there were Berents. The eleven participants learned much about the reef 1,300 species in the Guide, including 430 fishes, 104 corals, and issues facing it through talks by Penny and interactions 150 echinoderms, and 96 birds. The background database with researchers. They snorkelled daily, climbed Cook’s Look includes more than 6,500 species known to exist in the and took a day trip to the outer reef. area but that is a gross underestimate of the true number. For example, there is a rich insect fauna on the island but The other was a four-night stay at the Lizard Island Resort it is largely unstudied. Thanks go to the many experts who in November. The seven guests were welcomed to the have provided or confirmed identifications of photographed island by LIRS Directors Dr Anne Hoggett and Dr Lyle Vail animals and plants, and to the people who have contributed and enjoyed substantial interaction with researchers on a photos and information. tour of LIRS and while snorkelling, walking on the island, and visiting the outer reef. The LIRRF has supported this initiative since it went online. The project received a great boost at the end of 2015 with a grant from the Ian Potter Foundation that will speed Lizard Island Field Guide the entry of new data, including the results of the 2013 This guide to the life of the Lizard Island area has been in Polychaete Workshop that were published this year. development for many years at LIRS, initially as a database of names maintained by LIRS Director Anne Hoggett and now as a data-rich, well-illustrated online resource thanks to a partnership with Geoff Shuetrim and his Gaia Guide Association. The Guide is at lifg.australianmuseum.net.au/ Hierarchy.html and free mobile applications are available for Apple and Android platforms. ABOVE: No Name Reef before Cyclone Nathan. 14

Crown-of-Thorns Australian Museum Science Festival Starfish (COTS) Outbreaks For the first time, LIRS took part in the Australian The number of COTS in the Lizard Island area decreased Museum’s Science Festival held during National Science dramatically during 2015. This marks the end (at Lizard Week in August, the AM’s ‘Month of Science’. LIRS had a Island) of the fourth documented outbreak of these coral- booth at the Festival, the content of which was provided eating starfish on the Great Barrier Reef and conforms to by LIRS and the Marine Invertebrates section at the AM. the pattern noted in the previous outbreak at Lizard Island Many wonderful volunteers with LIRS experience and elsewhere, i.e. the sudden onset of large numbers of interacted with visitors during the event, who were visible starfish, outbreak levels persist for about five years, estimated to total nearly 10,000 over the two weeks the followed by a sudden crash in numbers. event was held.

The two most recent outbreaks have been witnessed by the current LIRS Directors at Lizard Island and there is data from Cyclone Issues LIRS dive logs to support their timing. The third outbreak Representatives of the Local Disaster Management Group started at Lizard Island in 1993 and finished in 1998, and the from Cook Shire Council visited LIRS in July along with fourth started in 2010 and finished in 2015. There is no data Paul Ryan and Paul Flemons of the Australian Museum to from Lizard Island for the first two GBR outbreaks. inspect the facilities and to discuss how to best link the Station’s cyclone plan with the Cook Shire Council Disaster CLOCKWISE FROM TOP LEFT: Management network. Discussions were also held about PhD student Steve Doo studies foram carbonate production. a dedicated cyclone shelter for LIRS. New maintenance staff, John Williamson and Marianne Dwyer. Alex Buck and Zara-Louise Cowan were part of a large team from JCU studying behaviour of COTS larvae. Regular volunteers, Snow and Renie Amos. 15

Flights To Lizard Island In 2015, three interns made excellent contributions to LIRS while progressing their own PhD research: Hinterland Aviation commenced Regular Passenger Transport services to Lizard Island in late 2014. Those flights • Steve Doo (University of Sydney) – January to April operated daily during 2015. In 2016, the service will operate • Tory Chase (James Cook University) – May to August three days per week, on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Sundays. • Jamie McWilliam (Curtin University) – September to December Staff Lyle Vail and Anne Hoggett completed 25 years as joint Volunteers Directors in August 2015. The volunteer program is essential to the effective operations Bruce Stewart and Cassy Thompson resigned from their roles of LIRS. Volunteers pay their own way to the island and as maintenance staff in January and April 2015, respectively. provide four hours of work each day, usually assisting They were a great asset to the station for maintenance staff. Accommodation is provided more than a year. at LIRS free of charge to enable them to do that. Marianne Dwyer and John Williamson are the new maintenance staff. They started in March 2015 when We thank our regular and long-term volunteers for their LIRS was still undergoing significant clean up and continuing contributions: Renie and Snow Amos, Lois Wilson repairs in the wake of Cyclone Nathan, a challenge they and Terry Ford. rose to brilliantly. Our gratitude also goes to the following new volunteers during Former staff Lance and Marianne Pearce returned twice 2015: Bailey Marshall, Michele Marshall and Kerry Sackett. during 2015 to fill in during staff leave periods. In addition, we thank Charlie Makray who continues to Short-term staff during the year were Alex Vail, provide first aid training for all LIRS staff, tailored to our Sean Jenkinson and Louise Debono. needs, on a voluntary basis.

Postgraduate Student Interns Bench Fees The internship program provides extended access to field and aquarium facilities for postgraduate students who Per person per night, 2015 2016 assist LIRS staff for 12 hours each week in lieu of bench fees. Including GST Internships are for three months. To ensure familiarity with Researcher $136 $139 LIRS facilities and procedures, interns must have been to LIRS within the past five years. They must also have a project Researcher’s assistant $121 $124 that can be done effectively without an assistant. Interested Postgrad student (own project) $53 $54 postgraduate students who fit that profile are invited to Postgrad’s assistant $48 $49 contact LIRS at any time to discuss. School or university group $86 $88 16

Tours Regular tours of LIRS for resort guests re-started as soon as the Resort re-opened in July 2015 following cyclone repairs. These tours must be booked through the Resort. LIRS staff or interns conduct a tour on Tuesday mornings and additional tours are led by the Resort’s naturalist at other times.

A weekly tour for other island visitors, mainly campers and yachties, is conducted between May and October when there is sufficient demand. Cyclone Nathan did not cause any disruption to these tours, which in 2015 were on Mondays at 10 am. At other times, visitors are welcome to call into the Station to view the Sir John Proud Aquarium and courtyard displays but guided tours are not available.

Usage LIRS continues to operate at or near its designed capacity of 7000 user nights per year. The research focus is clear, with researchers (including postgraduate research students) comprising 75% of total usage in 2015.

TOP: Dr Bridie Allan examines larval fishes in the aquarium. RIGHT: Dr Shelby Temple explains his work on vision to island visitors.

9000

Other

8000 Volunteers

Commercial 7000 Ed. Groups

Postgrads 6000 Researchers

5000

4000 Person days

3000

2000

1000

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Calendar year 17

Senior scientists Maria Dornelas36 VISITORS 6 and postdocs Mia Hoogenboom Corals in space: mapping spatial IN 2015 Trond Amundsen19 distribution of coral species Sebastian Wacker19 Scientists from 38 institutions in CORALFISH: Reef Fish Coloration Symon Dworjanyn9 10 countries conducted 149 research 1,6 Halocline boundaries defining projects at Lizard Island in 2015 Andrew Baird 1,6 Crown-of-Thorns Starfish larval comprising: 74 senior scientists or Sean Connolly 36 migration and movement postdocs, 49 PhD candidates, 9 MSc Maria Dornelas candidates, 3 Honours candidates Coral demography Kate Feller23 and 5 undergraduate research students. David Bellwood1,6 Photonic structures in the eyes The researchers are listed here with their Shelter use on coral reefs: of stomatopod larvae project titles and institutional affiliations. an acoustic study Renata Ferrari Legorreta11 Sandra Binning33 3D models of table corals: Institutions Do parasites affect the cognitive quantifying growth and erosion Australian abilities of their fish hosts? Rebecca Fox12 1 ARC Centre of Excellence for 17 Michael Bok Understanding the movements Coral Reef Studies The behavioural basis of UV vision 2 Australian Institute of Marine Science of marine fishes for management in mantis shrimp 3 Australian Museum Yakir Gagnon10 4 Curtin University Redouan Bshary33 1) Circular polarisation behaviour 5 Griffith University Cooperative and cognitive aspects 2) Polarimetry of stomatopods 6 James Cook University of cleaning symbiosis 7 Macquarie University 32 11 Martin Grosell 8 RMIT University Maria Byrne Linking physiological effects of high 9 Southern Cross University The lifespan and behavioural CO to animal behaviour 10 University of Queensland repertoire of Acanthaster planci larvae, 2 11 University of Sydney responses to haloclines, food patches, Viktor Gruev38 12 University of Technology Sydney temperature and predator cues. Does High speed colour polarisation cameras 13 University of Western Australia A. planci produce eternal larvae? for underwater behavioural studies 14 University of Wollongong Roy Caldwell24 Alexandra Grutter10 International Stomatopod behaviour 15 College of William and Mary, USA What happens to reefs without 6 16 Instituto Superior de Psicologia Katie Chartrand cleaner fish? Aplicada, Portugal Jaclyn Davies6 1,6 17 Lund University, Sweden Emma Scott6 Andrew Hoey 18 Natural History Museum, UK Alysha Sozou6 1) Reproductive behaviour of 19 Norwegian University of Science Paul York6 Crown-of-Thorns Starfish and Technology, Norway Seagrass monitoring 2) Effect of sediment and algae 20 School for International Training, USA on coral settlement 10 21 University of Arizona, USA Karen Cheney 22 University of Auckland, New Zealand Colour and chemical diversity Emma Kennedy5 23 University of Bristol, UK in nudibranchs Crustose coralline algae as indicators 24 University of California Berkeley, USA of ocean acidification Howard Choat6 25 University of Copenhagen, Denmark Functional anatomy of feeding in 27 26 University of Exeter, UK Shaun Killen parrotfish and surgeonfish 27 University of Glasgow, UK Schooling of coral reef fish 28 University of Hawaii, USA Christofer Clemente10 Sjannie Lefevre Nilsson34 29 University of Lisbon, Portugal Movement of Varanus panoptes Kristian Gunderson34 30 University of Maryland Baltimore using accelerometry County, USA Goran Nilsson34 31 University of Maryland College Fabio Cortesi10 Physiology of jumping snails Park, USA Colour vision in coral reef fishes: 30 32 University of Miami, USA from molecule to behaviour Chan Lin 33 University of Neuchatel, Switzerland Neuroanatomy of stomatopods 10 34 University of Oslo, Norway Thomas Cribb 18 Oona Lonnstedt37 35 University of Saskatchewan, Canada Rod Bray 10 36 University of St Andrews, UK Scott Cutmore 1) Predatory ecology of lionfish 37 Uppsala University, Sweden Trematode parasites of Great Barrier 2) Effects of microplastic pollution 38 Washington University St Louis, USA Reef fishes on larval fish ecology 18

Joshua Madin7 Cathie Page As field leader for Sue-Ann Watson1,6 Osmar Luiz7 Bette Willis1,6 Effects of ocean acidification on Oscar Pizarro11 Ecological significance of coral disease invertebrate behaviour and ecological Ariell Friedman11 on the Great Barrier Reef interactions in coral reef ecosystems Mapping damage and recovery Ronald Petie25 Simon Wever6 of Cyclone Ita Visual detection of coral reefs by Seasonal differences in thermal Joshua Madin7 the Crown-of-Thorns Starfish sensitivity of coral trout Biodiversity and habitat complexity Megan Porter28 consequences of physical disturbance Postgraduate Neurochemistry of aggression research students Justin Marshall10 in stomatopods 6 10 Mariana Alvarez Noriega Fanny de Busserolles 1,6 Morgan Pratchett Coexistence-promoting mechanisms Polarisation on the reef Reproductive behaviour of in reef-coral communities (PhD) 1,6 Crown-of-Thorns Starfish Mark McCormick 29 6 Miguel Baptista Bridie Allan 23 Nick Roberts Will fish mucus cocoons still act as Doug Chivers35 Polarisation vision in fish ‘mosquito nets’ in future seas? (PhD) Maud Ferrari35 10 Mathew Mitchell35 Elise Roberts Lisa Bostrom-Einarsson1,6 1) The influence of risk history on Colour and polarisation vision Using household products to control fish lateralisation in stomatopods Crown-of-Thorns Starfish (PhD) 2) The influence of reef degradation Dominique Roche33 Simon Brandl1,6 of predator-prey interactions Patterns of activity and movement Niche partitioning among herbivorous Mark McCormick1,6 in parasitized coral reef fishes reef fishes (PhD) 6 Bridie Allan Michael Salter26 Alexander Buck6 Emanuel Goncalves16 Intestinal carbonate production by fish Effects of citric acid on Crown-of- Effects of boat noise on predator- Thorns Starfish (MSc) 10 prey interactions in reef fish Sara Stieb Brian Dalton31 Ciemon Caballes1,6 Malcolm McCulloch13 Vision in reef fish and stomatopods Crown-of-Thorns Starfish reproduction Jim Falter1,13 and dispersal (PhD) Nick Strausfeld21 Sclerosponges as climate recorders 6 Comparative brain organisation in Tory Chase Mark Meekan2 Stomatopoda and Platyhelminthes Quantifying the effect of climate change Stephen Simpson26 on the fish-coral symbiosis (PhD) 23 10 Shelby Temple Alexandra Grutter 33 Polarised vision in fish, cephalopods Simona Colosio Influence of predator models and crustaceans Effects of the immune response on on cleaning interactions fish physiology, personality and Hanne Thoen10 learning (MSc) Vanessa Messmer1,6 Colour and polarisation vision 1) Predation and regeneration of Zara-Louise Cowan1,6 in stomatopods Crown-of-Thorns Starfish The role of predation in population 2) Seasonal differences in thermal Andrea Waeschenbach10 regulation of Crown-of-Thorns sensitivity of coral trout Trematode parasites of GBR fishes Starfish (PhD) 19

Camille Demaire33 Jamie McWilliam4 Molly Scott6 Does changes in the biological Pulse of a coral reef (PhD) Mechanisms of behavioural market of marine cleaning mutualism thermoregulation in coral trout (PhD) Laurie Mitchell22 impact on the clients’ physiology and Breaking chromatic and achromatic Robert Streit6 behaviour? (MSc) camouflage by the Picasso Spatial ecology and use of space in Steve Doo11 Triggerfish (MSc) browsing herbivorous reef fishes (PhD) Carbonate production estimates of Sara Mynott26 Sterling Tebbett6 large benthic foraminifera (PhD) Anti-predator colouration and Sediment mediated suppression Mailie Gall11 behaviour in tropical marine of herbivory on coral reefs (Hons) Crown-of-Thorns Starfish development organisms (PhD) Rachel Templin10 along a thermal gradient representing 1,6 Polarisation vision in stomatopod the East Australian Current (PhD) Lauren Nadler Schooling behaviour in coral crustaceans (PhD) Missael Garcia38 reef fish (PhD) Zegni Triki33 Underwater polarisation 6 Linking cognition and brain physiology recording (PhD) Danielle Nembhard Post-disturbance foraging patterns to marine cleaning mutualism (PhD) Ashley Gilbreath19 of herbivorous reef fish (MSc) Donald Warren6 Female social and territorial behaviour 19 Effects of increased temperature in Chrysiptera cyanea (MSc) Miriam Horstad Ness Male-male competition and territoriality on competitive interactions in reef 10 damselfish (PhD) Naomi Green in Chrysiptera cyanea (MSc) Reef fish learning and generalisation Megan Welch6 of nudibranch warning signals (Hons) Jess Nowicki1,6 Sensitivity heritability under elevated Functional examination of Michael Hammond8 CO in a coral reef fish (PhD) neurochemistry of pairing in 2 with supervisor Nathan Bott8 butterflyfish (PhD) Mary Willard30 Observation and classification of With supervisor Tom Cronin30 bucephalid parasites from piscivorous Maria Del Mar Palacios1,6 Extraocular photoreception in teleosts (PhD) Controlling mesopredators: importance stomatopod crustaceans (PhD) of intraguild behavioural interactions Tessa Hempson6 in trophic cascades (PhD) Rachael Woods7 Effects of future coral assemblages Factors limiting coral larvae settlement on associated fish communities (PhD) Sitara Palecanda28 in temperate waters (PhD) Retinal development in Pullosquilla Rachael Heuer32 thomasini (MSc) Russell Yong Qi Yung10 Linking physiological effects of high Richness of blood flukes CO to animal behaviour (PhD) Jose Paula29 2 (Aporocotylidae) in tetraodontiform Cleaning stations in a changing Martin Hing14 fishes (PhD) world (PhD) Evolution of sociality in coral reef associated fishes (PhD) Genevieve Phillips10 Undergraduate The function of reef fish colour Daniel Huston10 research students patterns: how did the coral trout Larval trematodes of the Ceritidae: Kathryn Grazioso20 use of molecular matching to solve get its spots? (PhD) Assessing the relationship between complex life cycles (PhD) Davina Poulos1,6 metabolic rate and preference of group size in reef fish species, Caesio cuning Joanna Khan6 Prior residency effects and the Spatial ecology and shelter use of dynamics of fish communities in Elizabeth Green20 large coral reef fishes (Hons) a changing environment (PhD) Effects of predation on fecundity and

38 growth on Crown-of-Thorns Starfish Martin Luehrmann10 Samuel Powell Visual system adaptations in Development of underwater Mikayla Kelly20 apogonids (PhD) polarisation video camera (PhD) Understanding coordinated vigilance in rabbitfish on the GBR Storm Martin10 Fausto Quattrini33 Taxonomy, host specificity and Cognitive abilities of coral reef fishes: Kharis Schrage15 evolutionary expansion of opecoelids an evaluation of anti-predatory Developmental biology of in carnivorous tropical fishes (PhD) strategies (MSc) Crown-of-Thorns Starfish

Paloma Matis12 Laura Richardson1,6 Cassie Van Wynen20 Dynamics of tropical fish interactions Variation in fish assemblage and Satiation limits and prey preference across latitudes: implications for range structure and function among coral of damselfish feeding on Crown-of- expansion (PhD) habitats (PhD) Thorns Starfish 20

Student groups Tehmi Sukhla Former LIRS residents Paul Ryan Alison Rickert Barker College Paul Flemons Arwen Rickert Led by Sarah Cormio and Rob Paynter Cook Shire Council First aid training Brighton Grammar School Peter Scott Charlie Makray Led by Biddy Duckham, Matthew Tim Cronin Microscope maintenance McLennan and Reef Ecotours staff Gary Kerr Allan Ross Geelong College Preparatory School LIRRF Led by Hannah McKinnon, Benjamin Island maintenance Charlie Shuetrim Staff of Queensland Parks and Robbins, Marita Seaton and Reef Sandy Shuetrim Ecotours staff Wildlife Service Ian Potter Foundation Assess damage from Cyclone Nathan RMIT University Janet Hirst Stuart Crofton Led by Jeff Shimeta, Gale Spring and Nicole Webster Nathan Bott Avalee Weir Cyclone repairs Abelia Cleaning School for International Training Filming for BBC series ‘Ocean’ NQ Treelopping Led by Tony Cummings, Vanessa Yoland Bosiger Cairns Roofing Contractors Messmer and David Sellars Rachel Butler Bryant Constructions Alexia Graba-Landry Stratford Painting Contractors Other visitors Roger Munns Australian Museum LIRS tour Alex Vail Larry Barron Young Ocean Explorers Jane Barron Filming for NZ documentary Keith Fletcher Steve Hathaway Sue Goc Riley Hathaway Tracey Goddard Matt Gerrand Sally Ho Craig Henderson Kate Kershaw Terry Kershaw Art installation for COP21 in Paris Linda Leman Deep breathing resuscitation Erika Stockdale for the Reef Donna Yee Janet Laurence, the AM’s Artist-in- Led by Penny Berents and assisted Residence, with Mandy Reid by Chico Birrell and Lisa Atkinson (AM staff member)

PREVIOUS PAGE Australian Museum Trustees Australian Institute of Marine Science LEFT: Anne Hoggett photographs a sea and AM staff GBR Ocean Observing System pen for Lizard Island Field Guide. David Armstrong maintenance RIGHT: PhD student Zegni Triki at work Paul Connor, with Coco Connor Scott Bainbridge in the aquarium.

Steven Gregg Ray Boyes ABOVE LEFT: New dinghy Marie Elisabeth Rod Kefford Scott Gardner ABOVE RIGHT: Many sea fans have survived Rebecca Johnson Shaun Hahn both cyclones. 21

8. Binning, S.A., A.F.H. Ros, 18. Bshary, R. and R.F. Oliveira, 2015. PUBLICATIONS D. Nusbaumer and D.G. Roche, Cooperation in animals: toward a 2015. Physiological plasticity to game theory within the framework of water flow habitat in the damselfish, social competence. Current Opinion in In 2015, 111 publications based on work Acanthochromis polyacanthus: linking Behavioral Sciences, 3: 31-37. carried out at LIRS were received into phenotype to performance. PLOS One, 19. Callaghan, D.P., J. X. Leon and the collection. These include 25 papers doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0121983. M.I. Saunders, 2015. Wave modelling published in a single volume of Zootaxa as a proxy for seagrass ecological that resulted from the 2013 Polychaete 9. Boaden, A. and M.J. Kingsford, Predators drive community modelling: Comparing fetch and Workshop at Lizard Island. There are 2015. structure in coral reef fish assemblages. process-based predictions for a bay now more than 1,950 LIRS publications. and reef lagoon. Estuarine, Coastal and Ecosphere, 6(4): 1-33. 1. Aguado, M.T. and C.J. Glasby, Shelf Science, 153: 108-120. 10. Boggemann, M., 2015. 2015. Indo-Pacific Syllidae (Annelida, 20. Capa, M. and A. Murray, 2015. Glyceriformia Fauchald, 1977 (Annelida: Phyllodocida) share an evolutionary A taxonomic guide to the fanworms ‘Polychaeta’) from Lizard Island, Great history. Systematics and Biodiversity, (Sabellidae, Annelida) of Lizard Island, Barrier Reef, Australia. Zootaxa, 4019(1): 13(4): 369-385. Great Barrier Reef, Australia, including 070-097. new species and new records. Zootaxa, 2.Aguado, M.T., A. Murray and 11. Bok, M.J., M.L. Porter and 4019(1): 98-167. P. Hutchings, 2015. Syllidae (Annelida: T.W. Cronin, 2015. Ultraviolet filters 21. Capa, M. and A. Murray, 2015. Phyllodocida) from Lizard Island, in stomatopod crustaceans: diversity, Integrative taxonomy of Parasabella Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Zootaxa, ecology and evolution. The Journal of and Sabellomma (Sabellidae: Annelida) 4019(1): 35-60. Experimental Biology, 218: 2055-2066. from Australia: description of new species, indication of cryptic diversity, 3. Aguado, M.T., C. Helm, M. Weidhase 12. Bostrom-Einarsson, and translocation of some species and C. Bleidorn, 2015. Description L. and J. Rivera-Posada, 2015. out of their natural distribution range. of a new syllid species as a model Controlling outbreaks of the coral- Zoological Journal of the Linnean for evolutionary research of eating crown-of-thorns starfish using a Society, 175: 764-811. reproduction and regeneration in single injection of common household annelids. Organisms, Diversity and vinegar. Coral Reefs, doi:10.1007/ 22. Capa, M. and G. W. Rouse, 2015. Evolution, 15: 1-21. s00338-015-1351-6. Sphaerodoridae (Annelida) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia, 4. Aguado, M.T., C.J. Glasby, 13. Brandl, S.J., W.D. Robbins and including the description of two P.C. Schroeder, A. Weigert and D.R. Bellwood, 2015. Exploring the new species and reproductive notes. C. Bleidorn, 2015. The making of nature of ecological specialization in a Zootaxa, 4019(1): 168-183. a branching annelid: an analysis of coral reef fish community: morphology, 23. Capa, M., A. Giangrande, complete mitochondrial genome diet and foraging microhabitat use. J.M. de M. Nogueira and and ribosomal data of Ramisyllis Proceedings of the Royal Society B, M.A.Tovar-Hernández, 2014. Sabellidae multicaudata. Scientific Reports, 282: 20151147. Latreille, 1825, in Handbook of Zoology: A 5: doi:10.1038/srep12072. 14. Braun, C., 2015. UV-induced DNA natural history of the Phyla of the Animal 5.Álvarez-Campos, A. Riesgo, damage in coral reef fish: damage levels Kingdom, W. Westheide and G. Purschke P. Hutchings and G. San Martin, 2015. and protection mechanisms. PhD thesis, (eds.), Handbook of Zoology Online. The genus Syllis Savigny in Lamarck, University of Queensland. 24. Capa, M., Faroni-Perez, L. and 1818 (Annelida, Syllidae) from Australia. Sabellariidae 15. Brooker, R.M., P.L. Munday, P. Hutchings, 2015. Molecular analysis and re-description of from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, D.P. Chivers and G.P. Jones, 2014. including a new species of Lygdamis and some poorly-known species. Zootaxa, You are what you eat: diet-induced notes on external morphology of the 4052(2): 297-31. chemical crypsis in a coral-feeding median organ. Zootaxa, 4019(1): 184-206. 6. Alvestad, T. and N. Budaeva, 2015. reef fish. Proceedings of the Royal Neosabellides lizae, a new species of Society B, 282: 20141887. 25. Capa, M., M.T. Aguado and T. Bakken, 2015. Phylogenetic Ampharetidae (Annelida) from Lizard Joeropsididae 16. Bruce, N.L., 2015. hypothesis of Sphaerodoridae Malmgren, Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Nordenstam, 1933 (Crustacea, Isopoda, 1867 (Annelida) and its position within Zootaxa, 4019(1): 61-69. Asellota) from the Lizard Island region Phyllodocida. Cladistics, 2015: 1-16. of the Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, 7. Baldock, T.E., A. Golshani, Australia. Zookeys, 491: 1-62. 26. Cardoso, S.C., A.S. Grutter, A. Atkinson, T. Shimamoto, S. Wua, J.R. Paula, G.I. André , J.P. Messias, D.P. Callaghan and P.J. Mumby, 2015. 17. Bruce, N.L. and R.L. Cumming, M. Gozdowsk, E. Kulczykowska Impact of sea-level rise on cross-shore 2015. A new genus of Stenetriidae and M.C. Soares, 2015. Forebrain sediment transport on fetch-limited Hansen, 1905 (Asellota: Isopoda: neuropeptide regulation of pair barrier reef island beaches under Crustacea) from the Great Barrier Reef, association and behavior in modal and cyclonic conditions. Marine Australia and the southwestern Pacific. cooperating cleaner fish. Pollution Bulletin, 97: 188-198. Zootaxa, 3941(4): 485-508. Physiology and Behavior, 145: 1-7. 22

LEFT: Butterflyfish Chaetodon baronessa is common at Lizard Island. RIGHT: A featherstar perched on a soft coral. FAR RIGHT: Jellyfish Netrostoma nuda appears at Lizard Island occasionally.

FOLLOWING PAGE LEFT: Featherstars usually cling to the bottom but sometimes they swim. RIGHT: A pair of rabbitfish Siganus corallinus with a trumpetfish Aulostomus chinensis.

27. Casey, J.M., S.R. Connolly and 33. Cribb, T.H., R.A. Bray, K.A. Hall 39. Eckes, M., S. Dove, U.E. Siebeck T.D. Ainsworth, 2015. Coral and S.C. Cutmore, 2015. A review and A.S. Grutter, 2015. Fish mucus transplantation triggers shift in of the genus Antorchis Linton, 1911 versus parasitic gnathiid isopods as microbiome and promotion of coral (Trematoda: Faustulidae) from sources of energy and sunscreens for disease associated potential pathogens. Indo-Pacific fishes with the description a cleaner fish. Coral Reefs, 34: 823-833. Scientific Reports, 5: 11903. of a new species. Systematic 40. Feller, K.D., J.H. Cohen and 28. Christa., G., K. Händeler, P. Kück, Parasitology, 92: 1-11. T.W. Cronin, 2015. Seeing double: visual physiology of double-retina eye M. Vleugels, J. Franken, D. Karmeinski 34. Cronin, T.W., M.J. Bok, and H. Wägele, 2015. Phylogenetic ontogeny in stomatopod crustaceans. J.N. Marshall and R.L. Caldwell, evidence for multiple independent Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 2014. Filtering and polychromatic origins of functional kleptoplasty 201: 331-339. vision in mantis shrimps: themes in Sacoglossa (Heterobranchia, in visible and ultraviolet vision. 41. Ferrari, M.C.O., M.I. McCormick, Gastropoda). Organisms, Diversity and Philosophical Transactions of the M.G. Meekan and D.P. Chivers, 2014. Evolution, 15: 23-26. Background level of risk and the Royal Society B, 369: 20130032. 29. Coker, D.J., A.S. Hoey, survival of predator-naive prey: can S.K. Wilson, M. Depczynski, N.A.J. 35.De Matos Nogueira, neophobia compensate for predator Graham, J.-P.A. Hobbs, T.H. Holmes J.M., P. Hutchings and O. Carrerette, naivety in juvenile coral reef fishes? and M.S.. Pratchett, 2015. Habitat 2015. Terebellidae (Annelida, Proceedings of the Royal Society B, selectivity and reliance on live corals Terebelliformia) from Lizard Island, 282: 20142197. for Indo-Pacific hawkfishes (Family: Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Zootaxa, 42. Ferrari, M.C.O., M.I. McCormick, Cirrhitidae). PLoS One, doi.1371/journal. 4019(1): 484-576. B.J.M. Allan, R. Choi, R.A. Ramasamy, pone.0138136. J.L. Johansen, M.D. Mitchell and 36. De Matos Nogueira, J.M., D.P. Chivers, 2015. Living in a risky 30. Corkill, K., 2014. Interference P. Hutchings and O. Carrerette, 2015. world: the onset and ontogeny of an competition indirectly and directly Polycirridae (Annelida, Terebelliformia) integrated antipredator phenotype in a affects body shape. Honours thesis, from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, coral reef fish. Scientific Reports, 5: 15537. James Cook University. Australia. Zootaxa, 4019(1): 437-483. 43. Ferrari, M.C.O., P.L. Munday, 31. Cortesi, F., W.E. Feeney, 37. De Matos Nogueira, J.M., J.L.. Rummer, M.I. McCormick, M.C.O. Ferrari, P.A. Waldie, P. Hutchings and O. Carrerette, 2015. K. Corkill, S.-A. Watson, B.J.M. Allan, G.A.C. Phillips, E.C. McClure, Varanusia nom. nov., a replacement M.G. Meekan and D.S.P. Chivers, 2015. H.N. Skold, W. Salzburger, name for Lizardia Nogueira, Hutchings Interactive effects of ocean acidification N.J. Marshall and K.L. Cheney, 2015. & Carrerette, 2015 (Annelida: and rising sea temperatures alter Phenotypic plasticity confers multiple Terebellidae), preoccupied by Lizardia predation rate and predator selectivity fitness benefits to a mimic. Current Pleijel & Rouse, 2005. Zootaxa, in reef fish communities. Global Change Biology, 25: 1-6. 4058(1): 141-141. Biology, 21: 1848-1855. 32. Cortesi, F., Z. Musilová, 44. Fitzhugh, K., J.M. de Matos S.M. Stieb, N.S. Hart, U.E. Siebeck, 38. Diaz, P.E., R.A. Bray, S.C. Noguiera, O. Carerette and M. Malmstrøm, O.K. Tørresen, Cutmore, S. Ward and T.H. Cribb, P. Hutchings, 2015. An assessment S. Jentoft, K.L. Cheney, N.J. Marshall, 2015. A complex of species related to of the status of Polycirridae genera K.L. Carleton and W.Salzburger, Paradiscogaster glebulae (Digenea: (Annelida: Terebelliformia) and 2015. Ancestral duplications and Faustulidae) in chaetodontid fishes evolutionary transformation series of highly dynamic opsin gene evolution in (Teleostei: Perciformes) of the Great characters within the family. Zoological percomorph fishes, PNAS, 112(5): Barrier Reef. Parasitology International, Journal of the Linnean Society, doi: 1493-1498. 64: 421–428. 10.1111/zoj.12259. 23

45. Gagliano, M., M. Depczynski 52. Hutchings, P. and E. Kupriyanova, 58. Kerry, J.T. and D. R. Bellwood, and U.E. Siebeck, 2015. Facing the 2015. Polychaetes and allies of Lizard 2015. Competition for shelter in a high- environment: onset and development Island. Zootaxa, 4019(1): 1-6. diversity system: structure use by large of UV markings in young fish. Scientific reef fishes. Coral Reefs, doi: 10.1007/ Reports, 5: 13193. 53. Hutchings, P., de Matos Nogueira, s00338-015-1362-3 J. M. and O. Carerette, 2015. 59. Kerry, J.T. and D.R. Bellwood, 46. Gershwin, L.-A. and W. Zeidler, Telothelepodidae, Thelepodidae 2015. The functional role of tabular 2008. Two new jellyfishes (Cnidaria: and Trichobranchidae (Annelida, structures for large reef fishes: avoiding Scyphozoa) from tropical Australian Terebelliformia) from Lizard Island, predators or solar irradiance? Coral waters. Zootaxa, 1764: 41-52. Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Zootaxa, Reefs, 34: 693-702. 47. Glasby, C. J., 2015. Nereididae 4019(1): 240-274. 60. Kingston, A.C.N., A.M. Kuzirian, (Annelida: Phyllodocida) of Lizard R.T. Hanlon and T.W. Cronin, 2015. 54. Irisson, J.-O., C.B. Paris, J.M. Leis, Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Visual phototransduction components Zootaxa, 4019(1): 207-239. M.N. Yerman, 2015. With a little help in cephalopod chromatophores suggest from my friends: group orientation by dermal photoreception. The Journal of 48. Gunn, B.F., L. Baudouin, T. Beulé, larvae of a coral reef fish. PLOS One, Experimental Biology, 218: 1596-1602. P. Ilbert, C. Duperray, M. Crisp, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144060. A. Issali, J.-L. Konan and A. Rival, 61. Kroon, F.J., S.E. Hook, D. Jones, 2015. Ploidy and domestication are 55. Johnson, J.W. and S. Metcalfe, B. Henderson, R. Smith, M. St.J. Warne, R.D. Turner, McKeown associated with genome size variation J. Worthington Wilmer, 2015. and D.A. Westcott, 2015. Altered in palms. American Journal of Botany, Plectorhinchus caeruleonothus, a new transcription levels of endocrine 102(10): 1625-1633. species of sweetlips (Perciformes: associated genes in two fisheries 49. Hamylton, S.M., J.D. Hedley Haemulidae) from northern Australia species collected from the Great Barrier and R.J. Beaman, 2015. Derivation and the resurrection of P. unicolor Reef catchment and lagoon. Marine of high-resolution bathymetry from (Macleay, 1883), species previously Environmental Research, 104: 51-61. multispectral satellite imagery: confused with P. schotaf (Forsskål, 62. Kupriyanova, E. K., Sun, a comparison of empirical and 1775). Zootaxa, 3985(4): 491-522. Y., Ten Hove, H. A., Wong, optimisation methods through E. and G. W. Rouse, 2015. Serpulidae geographical error analysis. Remote 56. Jornod, M. and D.G. Roche, 2015. (Annelida) of Lizard Island, Great Barrier Sensing, 7(12): 16257-16273. Inter- vs intra-individual variation Reef, Australia. Zootaxa, 4019(1): 275-353. and temporal repeatability of escape 50. Hata, T., 2015. Measuring and 63. Lefevre, S., S.-A. Watson, responses in the coral reef fish recreating hydrodynamic environments P.L. Munday and G.E. Nilsson, 2015. Amblyglyphidodon curacao. Biology Will jumping snails prevail? Influence at biologically relevant scales. PhD Open, 4: 1395-1399. of near-future CO , temperature and thesis, Stanford University. 2 hypoxia on respiratory performance 57. Keith, S.A., E.S. Woolsey, 51. Holbrook, S.J., R.J. Schmitt, in the tropical conch Gibberulus J.S. Madin , M. Byrne and A.H. Baird, V. Messmer, A.J. Brooks, gibberulus gibbosus Journal of M. Srinivasan, P.L. Munday and 2015. Differential establishment Experimental Biology, 218: 2991-3001. potential of species predicts a shift in G.P. Jones, 2015. Reef fishes in 64. Leis, J.M., 2015. Is dispersal of biodiversity hotspots are at greatest coral assemblage structure across a larval reef fishes passive? in Ecology risk from loss of coral species. PLOS biogeographic barrier. Ecography, 38, of Fishes on Coral Reefs, ed. C. Mora. One, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124054. doi: 10.1111/ecog.01437 Cambridge University Press. 24

65. Leis, J.M., O. Meyer, A.C. Hay larval development of coral reef fishes: 78. Navarro-Barranco, and M.R. Gaither, 2015. A coral-reef implications of a warming ocean. Marine C. and L.E. Hughes, 2015. Effects of fish with large, fast conspicuous larvae Ecology Progress Series, 521: 129-141. light pollution on the emergent fauna of and small, cryptic adults (Teleostei: shallow marine ecosystems: Amphipods 72. McLeod, I.M., R..E. Jones, Apogonidae). Copeia, 103(1): 78-86. as a case study. Marine Pollution G.P. Jones, M. Takahashi and Bulletin, 94: 235-240. 66. Leis, J.M., U.E. Siebeck, A.C. Hay, M.I. McCormick, 2015. Interannual C.B. Paris, O. Chateau and L. Wantiez, variation in the larval development 79. Nay, T.J., J.L. Johansen, 2015. In situ orientation of fish larvae of a coral reef fish in response A. Habary, J.F. Steffensen and can vary among regions. Marine Ecology to temperature and associated J.L. Rummer, 2015. Behavioural Progress Series, 537: 191-203. environmental factors. Marine Biology, thermoregulation in a temperature- doi: 10.1007/s00227-015-2765-y. sensitive coral reef fish, the five- 67. Liggins, L., E.A. Treml, lined cardinalfish (Cheilodipterus H.P. Possingham and C. Riginos, 2015. 73. Meißner, K. and M. Götting, 2015. quinquelineatus). Coral Reefs, 34: Seascape features, rather than dispersal Spionidae (Annelida: ‘Polychaeta’: 1261-1265. traits, predict spatial genetic patterns Canalipalpata) from Lizard Island, in co-distributed reef fishes. Journal of Great Barrier Reef, Australia: the 80. Ness, M.H., 2015. The effect of Biogeography, doi: 10.1111/jbi.12647. genera Malacoceros, Scolelepis, Spio, body size on intrasexual competition Microspio, and Spiophanes. Zootaxa, in the coral reef fish Chrysiptera cyanea. 68. Lloyd, A.J., 2014. Assessing 4019(1): 378-413. MSc thesis, Norwegian University of the risk of ocean acidification for Science and Technology. scleractinian corals on the Great 74. Mejlon, E., P. De Wit, Barrier Reef. PhD thesis, University of L. Matamoros and C. Erseus, 2015. 81. Palacios, M.M., D.T. Warren and Technology Sydney. DNA-based phylogeny of the marine M.I. McCormick, 2015. Sensory cues genus Heterodrilus (Annelida, Clitellata, of a top-predator indirectly control 69. Lonnstedt, O.M. and Naididae). Journal of Zoological a reef fish mesopredator. Oikos, doi: M.I. McCormick, 2015. Damsel in Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 10.1111/oik.02116. distress: captured damselfish prey emit doi: 10.1111/jzs.12092. chemical cues that attract secondary 82. Parapar, J. and Moreira, J., 2015. predators and improve escape chances. 75. Messias, J.P.M. and M.C. Soares, The Oweniidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 2015. When good advertisement from Lizard Island (Great Barrier Reef, 282: 20152038. backfires: cleaners get eaten too. Coral Australia) with the description of two Reefs, 34: 1279. new species of Owenia Delle Chiaje, 70. Marquina, D., Aguado, M. T. and 1844. Zootaxa, 4019(1): 604-620. C. Norena, 2015. New records of 76. Mitchell, M.D., D.P. Chivers, Cotylea (Polycladida, Platyhelmenthes) M.I. McCormick and M.C.O. Ferrari, 83. Parapar, J. and Moreira, J., 2015. from Lizard Island, Great Barrier 2015. Learning to distinguish between Six new species of the genus Armandia, Reef, Australia, with remarks on the predators and non-predators: Filippi, 1861 (Polychaeta, Opheliidae) distribution of the Pseudoceros Lang, understanding the critical role of from Lizard Island (Great Barrier Reef, 1884 and Pseudobiceros Faubel, 1984 diet cues and predator odours in Australia). Zootaxa, 4019(1): 577-603. species of the Indo-Pacific Marine generalisation. Scientific Reports, 5: 13918. 84. Paula, J.R. J.P. Messias, Region. Zootaxa, 4019(1): 354-377 77. Murray, A., Wong, E. and A.S. Grutter, R. Bshary and 71. McLeod, I.M., M.I. McCormick, P. Hutchings, 2015. Nephtydae M.C. Soares, 2015. The role of P.L. Munday, T.D. Clark, A.S. Wenger, (Annelida: Phyllodocida) of Lizard serotonin in the modulation of R.M. Brooker, M. Takahashi and Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. cooperative behavior. Behavioral G.P. Jones, 2015. Latitudinal variation in Zootaxa, 4019(1): 414-436. Ecology, doi: 10.1093/beheco/arv039. 25

85. Paxton, H. and N. Budaeva, 94. Schulze, A., 2015. Six genetically 103. Welsh, J.Q. and D.R. Bellwood, 2015. Minibrachium, a new subgenus distinct clades of Palola (Eunicidae, 2015. Simulated macro-algal outbreak of Rhamphobrachium (Annelida: Annelida) from Lizard Island, Great triggers a large-scale response on coral Onuphidae) from Australia with the Barrier Reef, Australia. Zootaxa, 4019(1): reefs. PLoS One, doi:10.1371/journal. description of three new species. 695-706. pone.0132895. Zootaxa, 4019(1): 621-634 95. Schweinsberg, M., L.C. Weiss, 104. White, J.R., M.G. Meekan and S. Striewski, R. Tollrian and M.I. McCormick, 2015. Individual 86. Piercy, J.J.B., 2015. The relevance K.P. Lampert, 2015. More than one consistency in the behaviors of newly- of coral reef soundscapes to larval genotype: how common is intracolonial settled reef fish. PeerJ, 3: e961, doi: fish responses. PhD thesis, University genetic variability in scleractinian corals? 10.7717/peerj.961 of Essex. 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