DOCSLIB.ORG

The State of the World's Forest Genetic Resources Part 1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

ISBN 978-92-5-108402-1 978 9251 084021 I3825E/1/06.14 THE STATE OF THE WORLD’s FOREST GENETIC RESOURCES COMMISSION ON GENETIC RESOURCES FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2014 i The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. ISBN 978-92-5-108402-1 (print) E-ISBN 978-92-5-108403-8 (PDF) © FAO, 2014 FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO’s endorsement of users’ views, products or services is not implied in any way. All requests for translation and adaptation rights, and for resale and other commercial use rights should be made via www.fao.org/contact-us/licence-request or addressed to [email protected]. FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/publications) and can be purchased through [email protected]. Foreword orests cover nearly one-third of the world’s land area. They provide vital environmental services such as soil and water protection, regulate the climate and preserve biodiversity, Fproduce valuable raw materials and food, and sustain the livelihoods of millions of people. Forest genetic resources – the heritable materials maintained within and among trees and other woody plant species – are essential for the adaptation and the evolutionary processes of forests and trees as well as for improving their resilience and productivity. The conservation of forest genetic resources is more topical than ever at a time when the world is increasingly confronted with challenges from increased human population, land- use changes and climate change. These pressures, and related increases in unsustainable use, wildfire, pests and diseases, as documented in the Climate change 2013 report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), are causing losses of forest cover and of forest biodiversity, both among and within species. Lack of information limits the capacity of many countries and the international community to develop appropriate policy tools to address the issues or to integrate forest genetic resources management into relevant cross-cutting sectorial policies. Reliable data on the status and trends of forest genetic resources are required for decision- makers and stakeholders to provide adequate support for their sustainable management. Recognizing this need for information and the urgency of addressing the conservation and sustainable use of forest genetic resources, the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture requested and guided the preparation of The State of the World’s Forest Genetic Resources, and agreed, in response to its findings, on strategic priorities which the FAO Conference adopted in June 2013 as the Global Plan of Action for the Conservation, Sustainable Use and Development of Forest Genetic Resources. This first ever report on The State of the World’s Forest Genetic Resources constitutes a milestone in building the information and knowledge base required for action at the national, regional and international levels. It has been developed through a country-driven process, building on 86 country reports – representing over 85 percent of global forest cover – and with the participation of representatives from national institutions and non- governmental and community-based organizations. Its recommendations are based on these reports, which indicate that about half of the forest species in reporting countries are threatened or subject to genetic erosion, and only about one-quarter are actively managed for their products and/or services. This publication provides the basis for renewed efforts to realize national and international commitments to improved conservation, sustainable use and management of forest genetic resources. As established in its Reviewed Strategic Framework 2010-2019 and in particular through its Strategic Objective 2, FAO is striving to “increase and improve provision of goods and services from agriculture, forestry and fisheries in a sustainable manner”. Measures include strengthening its technical support to countries in the area of forest genetic resources and promoting the integration of forest genetic resources into broader forest resource management programmes at the national, regional and international levels. This report is a key ingredient in this effort. I am confident that the information in The State of the World’s Forest Genetic Resources will be used as the basis for policy and technical decisions to strengthen national efforts in conservation and sustainable management of forest genetic resources, efforts that will contribute to meeting the world’s current and future needs for forest products and environmental services while enhancing food security. iv Contents Foreword iii Acknowledgements xiii About this publication xv Executive summary xxi Part 1 Overview CHAPTER 1 BASIC CONCEPTS 3 Definitions 4 Characteristics of forest genetic resources 8 Species diversity 11 CHAPTER 2 VALUE AND IMPORTANCE OF FOREST GENETIC RESOURCES 19 Economic value 20 Environmental value, ecosystem services and resilience 22 Social, cultural, medicinal and scientific value 24 Preserving options for future development and adaptation 25 CHAPTER 3 CONSERVATION OF FOREST GENETIC RESOURCES 27 Management systems in the field (in situ and circa situm conservation) 28 Ex situ conservation 32 Targeted species-based approach 39 CHAPTER 4 KNOWLEDGE AND INFORMATION ON FOREST GENETIC RESOURCES 41 What constitutes knowledge of forest genetic resources? 42 Availability of information on genetic resources 46 Part 2 Drivers of change and trends affecting forest genetic resources CHAPTER 5 DRIVERS OF CHANGE 51 Forest conversion and expansion of crop land 51 Demand for energy 52 Unsustainable harvesting and use 53 Livestock and browse animals 54 Climate change 54 Changed fire regimes 58 Invasive species 59 Genetic pollution 62 CHAPTER 6 GLOBAL FOREST TRENDS AFFECTING FOREST GENETIC DIVERSITY 65 Forest trends 65 Consequences of forest changes for genetic diversity 70 Part 3 Current and emerging technologies CHAPTER 7 TRAIT-BASED KNOWLEDGE OF TREE GENETIC RESOURCES 79 Indigenous and traditional knowledge 79 Classical tree improvement 83 Participatory tree domestication 89 CHAPTER 8 MODERN ADVANCES 91 Population genetics based on molecular markers 91 Genomic advances 94 Combining molecular tools with tree improvement: marker-assisted selection 96 Genetic modification 98 CHAPTER 9 APPLICATION OF GENETIC KNOWLEDGE IN FOREST CONSERVATION 101 Combining spatial analysis with genetic markers to prioritize conservation 102 Research on climate change and forest genetic resources 103 Genetic technologies for reducing illegal logging 104 Part 4 State of forest genetic resources conservation and management CHAPTER 10 HOW COUNTRIES MANAGE AND CONSERVE THEIR FOREST GENETIC RESOURCES 111 Features of effective and comprehensive FGR conservation and management systems 112 Approaches to FGR conservation in relation to biodiversity conservation strategies 114 National strategies and programmes for FGR conservation and management 116 Prioritizing species for FGR conservation and management 116 CHAPTER 11 CHARACTERIZATION OF GENETIC VARIABILITY AND MONITORING OF CHANGE 121 Characterizing interspecific variability 123 Characterizing intraspecific variation 124 Monitoring of forest genetic resources 131 Differences among countries and regions in characterization of FGR 133 vi CHAPTER 12 IN SITU FGR CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT 135 Protected areas 138 In situ conservation outside protected areas 140 Formal in situ FGR conservation programmes 142 Forest restoration and FGR 150 Opportunities from climate change initiatives: restoration and connectivity for in situ FGR 151 In situ conservation through sustainable forest management 152 CHAPTER 13 EX SITU CONSERVATION 163 Ex situ conservation activities by region 164 CHAPTER 14 GENETIC IMPROVEMENT AND BREEDING PROGRAMMES 173 Improvement approaches 174 Administration and coordination of breeding and improvement programmes 175 Prioritizing uses, traits and species for improvement 177 The state of tree improvement and species priorities by region 179 International collaboration and donor programmes for tree improvement 187 A cautionary note: potential threats to FGR from breeding and improvement programmes 187 CHAPTER 15 GERMPLASM DELIVERY AND DEPLOYMENT 189 Uses of germplasm and plant materials 189 Demand for germplasm and planting materials 190 Actors involved in production, distribution and deployment 191 Production of germplasm and planting materials 195 Movement and transfer of genetic material 199 Information management in delivery and deployment of germplasm 204 International
Recommended publications
  • The Use of Barcoding Sequences for the Construction of Phylogenetic Relationships in the Euphorbiaceae

    The Use of Barcoding Sequences for the Construction of Phylogenetic Relationships in the Euphorbiaceae

    University of Padova Department of Land, Environment Agriculture and Forestry MSc in Mediterranean Forestry and Natural Resources Management The use of barcoding sequences for the construction of phylogenetic relationships in the Euphorbiaceae Supervisor: Alessandro Vannozzi Co-supervisor: Prof. Dr. Oliver Gailing Submitted by: Bikash Kharel Matriculation No. 1177536 ACADEMIC YEAR 2017/2018 Acknowledgments This dissertation has come to this positive end through the collective efforts of several people and organizations: from rural peasants to highly academic personnel and institutions around the world. Without their mental, physical and financial support this research would not have been possible. I would like to express my gratitude to all of them who were involved directly or indirectly in this endeavor. To all of them, I express my deep appreciation. Firstly, I am thankful to Prof. Dr. Oliver Gailing for providing me the opportunity to conduct my thesis on this topic. I greatly appreciate my supervisor Alessandro Vannozzi for providing the vision regarding Forest Genetics and DNA barcoding. My cordial thanks and heartfelt gratitude goes to him whose encouragements, suggestions and comments made this research possible to shape in this form. I am also thankful to Prof. Dr. Konstantin V. Krutovsky for his guidance in each and every step of this research especially helping me with the CodonCode software and reviewing the thesis. I also want to thank Erasmus Mundus Programme for providing me with a scholarship for pursuing Master’s degree in Mediterranean Forestry and Natural Resources Management (MEDFOR) course. Besides this, I would like to thank all my professors who broadened my knowledge during the period of my study in University of Lisbon and University of Padova.
  • Island Biology Island Biology

    Island Biology Island Biology

    IIssllaanndd bbiioollooggyy Allan Sørensen Allan Timmermann, Ana Maria Martín González Camilla Hansen Camille Kruch Dorte Jensen Eva Grøndahl, Franziska Petra Popko, Grete Fogtmann Jensen, Gudny Asgeirsdottir, Hubertus Heinicke, Jan Nikkelborg, Janne Thirstrup, Karin T. Clausen, Karina Mikkelsen, Katrine Meisner, Kent Olsen, Kristina Boros, Linn Kathrin Øverland, Lucía de la Guardia, Marie S. Hoelgaard, Melissa Wetter Mikkel Sørensen, Morten Ravn Knudsen, Pedro Finamore, Petr Klimes, Rasmus Højer Jensen, Tenna Boye Tine Biedenweg AARHUS UNIVERSITY 2005/ESSAYS IN EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY Teachers: Bodil K. Ehlers, Tanja Ingversen, Dave Parker, MIchael Warrer Larsen, Yoko L. Dupont & Jens M. Olesen 1 C o n t e n t s Atlantic Ocean Islands Faroe Islands Kent Olsen 4 Shetland Islands Janne Thirstrup 10 Svalbard Linn Kathrin Øverland 14 Greenland Eva Grøndahl 18 Azores Tenna Boye 22 St. Helena Pedro Finamore 25 Falkland Islands Kristina Boros 29 Cape Verde Islands Allan Sørensen 32 Tristan da Cunha Rasmus Højer Jensen 36 Mediterranean Islands Corsica Camille Kruch 39 Cyprus Tine Biedenweg 42 Indian Ocean Islands Socotra Mikkel Sørensen 47 Zanzibar Karina Mikkelsen 50 Maldives Allan Timmermann 54 Krakatau Camilla Hansen 57 Bali and Lombok Grete Fogtmann Jensen 61 Pacific Islands New Guinea Lucía de la Guardia 66 2 Solomon Islands Karin T. Clausen 70 New Caledonia Franziska Petra Popko 74 Samoa Morten Ravn Knudsen 77 Tasmania Jan Nikkelborg 81 Fiji Melissa Wetter 84 New Zealand Marie S. Hoelgaard 87 Pitcairn Katrine Meisner 91 Juan Fernandéz Islands Gudny Asgeirsdottir 95 Hawaiian Islands Petr Klimes 97 Galápagos Islands Dorthe Jensen 102 Caribbean Islands Cuba Hubertus Heinicke 107 Dominica Ana Maria Martin Gonzalez 110 Essay localities 3 The Faroe Islands Kent Olsen Introduction The Faroe Islands is a treeless archipelago situated in the heart of the warm North Atlantic Current on the Wyville Thompson Ridge between 61°20’ and 62°24’ N and between 6°15’ and 7°41’ W.
  • Studies of a South East Asian Ant-Plant Association: Protection of Macaranga Trees by Crematogaster Borneensis

    Studies of a South East Asian Ant-Plant Association: Protection of Macaranga Trees by Crematogaster Borneensis

    Oecologia (1989) 79: 463-470 Studies of a South East Asian ant-plant association: protection of Macaranga trees by Crematogaster borneensis 1 Brigitte Fiala *, Ulrich Maschwitz\ Tho Yow Pong 2, and Andreas J. Helbig 1 1 Zoo\ogisches Institut der Universitat, Siesmayerstrasse 70, D-6000 Frankfurt/M., Federal Republic of Germany 2 Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia Summary. In the humid tropics of SE Asia there are some which have been described primarily for ant-associated epi­ 14 myrmecophytic species of the pioneer tree genus M acar­ phytes in SE Asia and Australia (Janzen 1974a; Huxley anga (Euphorbiaceae). In Peninsular Malaysia a close asso­ 1978; Rickson 1979) and 2) associations where ants protect ciation exists between the trees and the small, non-stinging their host trees against vine-growth and herbivores which myrmicine Crema togas ter borneensis. These ants feed have been studied mainly in the neotropics and tropical mainly on food bodies provided by the plants and have Africa (Janzen 1967, 1969, 1972; Risch et al. 1977; Letour­ their colonies inside the hollow intemodes. In a ten months neau 1983; McKey 1984; Schremmer 1984; Schupp 1986). field study we were able to demonstrate for four Macaranga In SE Asia there are also myrmecophytic trees, of which species (M. triloba, M. hypoleuca, M. hosei, M. hulletti) the genus Macaranga (Euphorbiaceae) is the most wide­ that host plants also benefit considerably from ant-occupa­ spread. In Peninsular Malaysia nine out of 27 species in tion. Ants do not contribute to the nutrient demands of this genus occurring mostly in pioneer habitats are asso­ their host plant, they do, however, protect it against herbi­ ciated with ants.
  • Republic of Fiji: the State of the World's Forest Genetic Resources

    Republic of Fiji: the State of the World's Forest Genetic Resources

    REPUBLIC OF FIJI This country report is prepared as a contribution to the FAO publication, The Report on the State of the World’s Forest Genetic Resources. The content and the structure are in accordance with the recommendations and guidelines given by FAO in the document Guidelines for Preparation of Country Reports for the State of the World’s Forest Genetic Resources (2010). These guidelines set out recommendations for the objective, scope and structure of the country reports. Countries were requested to consider the current state of knowledge of forest genetic diversity, including: Between and within species diversity List of priority species; their roles and values and importance List of threatened/endangered species Threats, opportunities and challenges for the conservation, use and development of forest genetic resources These reports were submitted to FAO as official government documents. The report is presented on www. fao.org/documents as supportive and contextual information to be used in conjunction with other documentation on world forest genetic resources. The content and the views expressed in this report are the responsibility of the entity submitting the report to FAO. FAO may not be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained in this report. STATE OF THE FOREST GENETIC RESOURCES IN FIJI Department of Forests Ministry of Fisheries and Forests for The Republic of Fiji Islands and the Secreatriat of Pacific Communities (SPC) State of the Forest Genetic Resources in Fiji _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Table of Contents Executve Summary ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…….. 5 Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…….. 6 Chapter 1: The Current State of the Forest Genetic Resources in Fiji ………………………………………………………………….…….
  • Vascular Plant Composition and Diversity of a Coastal Hill Forest in Perak, Malaysia

    Vascular Plant Composition and Diversity of a Coastal Hill Forest in Perak, Malaysia

    www.ccsenet.org/jas Journal of Agricultural Science Vol. 3, No. 3; September 2011 Vascular Plant Composition and Diversity of a Coastal Hill Forest in Perak, Malaysia S. Ghollasimood (Corresponding author), I. Faridah Hanum, M. Nazre, Abd Kudus Kamziah & A.G. Awang Noor Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Tel: 98-915-756-2704 E-mail: [email protected] Received: September 7, 2010 Accepted: September 20, 2010 doi:10.5539/jas.v3n3p111 Abstract Vascular plant species and diversity of a coastal hill forest in Sungai Pinang Permanent Forest Reserve in Pulau Pangkor at Perak were studied based on the data from five one hectare plots. All vascular plants were enumerated and identified. Importance value index (IVI) was computed to characterize the floristic composition. To capture different aspects of species diversity, we considered five different indices. The mean stem density was 7585 stems per ha. In total 36797 vascular plants representing 348 species belong to 227 genera in 89 families were identified within 5-ha of a coastal hill forest that is comprises 4.2% species, 10.7% genera and 34.7% families of the total taxa found in Peninsular Malaysia. Based on IVI, Agrostistachys longifolia (IVI 1245), Eugeissona tristis (IVI 890), Calophyllum wallichianum (IVI 807), followed by Taenitis blechnoides (IVI 784) were the most dominant species. The most speciose rich families were Rubiaceae having 27 species, followed by Dipterocarpaceae (21 species), Euphorbiaceae (20 species) and Palmae (14 species). According to growth forms, 57% of all species were trees, 13% shrubs, 10% herbs, 9% lianas, 4% palms, 3.5% climbers and 3% ferns.
  • Summary Report on Forests of the Mataqali Nadicake Kilaka, Kubulau District, Bua, Vanua Levu

    Summary Report on Forests of the Mataqali Nadicake Kilaka, Kubulau District, Bua, Vanua Levu

    SUMMARY REPORT ON FORESTS OF THE MATAQALI NADICAKE KILAKA, KUBULAU DISTRICT, BUA, VANUA LEVU By Gunnar Keppel (Biology Department, University of the South Pacific) INTRODUCTION I was approached by Dr. David Olson of the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) to assess the type, status and quality of the forest in Kubulau District, Bua, Vanua Levu. I initially spent 2 days, Friday (28/10/2005) afternoon and the whole of Saturday (29/10/2005), in Kubulau district. This invitation was the result of interest by some landowning family clans (mataqali) to protect part of their land and the offer by WCS to assist in reserving part of their land for conservation purposes. On Friday I visited two forest patches (one logged about 40 years ago and another old-growth) near the coast and Saturday walking through the forests in the center of the district. Because of the scarcity of data obtained (and because the forest appeared suitable for my PhD research), I decided to return to the district for a more detailed survey of the northernmost forests of Kubulau district from Saturday (12/11/2005) to Tuesday (22/11/2005). Upon returning, I found out that the mataqali Nadicake Nadi had abandoned plans to set up a reserve and initiated steps to log their forests. Therefore, I decided to focus my research on the land of the mataqali Nadicake Kilaka only. My objectives were the following: 1) to determine the types of vegetation present 2) to produce a checklist of the flora and, through this list, identify rare and threatened species in the reserve 3) to undertake a quantitative survey of the northernmost forests (lowland tropical rain forest) by setting up 4 permanent 50 ×50m plots 4) to assess the status of the forests 5) to determine the state and suitability of the proposed reserve 6) to assess possible threats to the proposed reserve.
  • The Structure of Uniflorines a and B and the Total Synthesis of Casuarine, Australine and Their Epimers

    The Structure of Uniflorines a and B and the Total Synthesis of Casuarine, Australine and Their Epimers

    University of Wollongong Thesis Collections University of Wollongong Thesis Collection University of Wollongong Year 2010 The structure of Uniflorines A and B and the total synthesis of Casuarine, Australine and their epimers Thunwadee Ritthiwigrom University of Wollongong Ritthiwigrom, Thunwadee, The structure of Uniflorines A and B and the total synthesis of Casuarine, Australine and their epimers, Doctor of Philosophy thesis, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Wollongong, 2010. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/3134 This paper is posted at Research Online. The Structure of Uniflorines A and B and The Total Synthesis of Casuarine, Australine and their epimers A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy from University of Wollongong Thunwadee Ritthiwigrom MSc School of Chemistry February, 2010 i FOR MUM AND DAD ii DECLARATION I, Thunwadee Ritthiwigrom, declare that this thesis, submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Department of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, is wholly my own work unless due reference is provided. This document has not been submitted for qualifications at any other academic institution. Thunwadee Ritthiwigrom February, 2010 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION................................................................................................................................. II TABLE OF CONTENTS...................................................................................................................III
  • Key to the Families and Genera of Malesian <I>Euphorbiaceae</I> in the Wide Sense

    Key to the Families and Genera of Malesian <I>Euphorbiaceae</I> in the Wide Sense

    Blumea 65, 2020: 53–60 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/blumea RESEARCH ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2020.65.01.05 Key to the families and genera of Malesian Euphorbiaceae in the wide sense P.C. van Welzen1,2 Key words Abstract Identification keys are provided to the different families in which the Euphorbiaceae are split after APG IV. Presently, Euphorbiaceae in the strict sense, Pandaceae, Peraceae, Phyllanthaceae, Picrodendraceae and Euphorbiaceae Putranjivaceae are distinguished as distinct families. Within the families, keys to the different genera occurring in the keys Malesian area, native and introduced, are presented. The keys are to be tested and responses are very welcome. Pandaceae Peraceae Published on 3 April 2020 Phyllanthaceae Picrodendraceae Putranjivaceae INTRODUCTION KEY TO THE EUPHORBIACEOUS FAMILIES The Euphorbiaceae in the wide sense (sensu lato, s.lat.) were 1. Ovary with a single ovule per locule . 2 always a heterogeneous group without any distinct combination 1. Ovary with two ovules per locule ................... 4 of characters. The most typical features are the presence of uni- 2. Fruits drupes. Flowers of both sexes with petals . sexual simple flowers and fruits that fall apart in various carpel ...................................2. Pandaceae fragments and seeds, leaving the characteristic columella on the 2. Fruits capsules, sometimes drupes or berries, then flowers plant. However, some groups, like the Pandaceae and Putranji­ of both sexes lacking petals.......................3 vaceae, were morphologically already known to be quite unlike 3. Herbs, shrubs, lianas, trees, mono- or dioecious. Flowers in the rest of the Euphorbiaceae s.lat. (e.g., Radcliffe-Smith 1987). cauliflorous, ramiflorous, axillary, or terminal inflorescences The Putranjivaceae formerly formed the tribe Drypeteae in the ................................1.
  • Biodiversity Summary: Cape York, Queensland

    Biodiversity Summary: Cape York, Queensland

    Biodiversity Summary for NRM Regions Species List What is the summary for and where does it come from? This list has been produced by the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (SEWPC) for the Natural Resource Management Spatial Information System. The list was produced using the AustralianAustralian Natural Natural Heritage Heritage Assessment Assessment Tool Tool (ANHAT), which analyses data from a range of plant and animal surveys and collections from across Australia to automatically generate a report for each NRM region. Data sources (Appendix 2) include national and state herbaria, museums, state governments, CSIRO, Birds Australia and a range of surveys conducted by or for DEWHA. For each family of plant and animal covered by ANHAT (Appendix 1), this document gives the number of species in the country and how many of them are found in the region. It also identifies species listed as Vulnerable, Critically Endangered, Endangered or Conservation Dependent under the EPBC Act. A biodiversity summary for this region is also available. For more information please see: www.environment.gov.au/heritage/anhat/index.html Limitations • ANHAT currently contains information on the distribution of over 30,000 Australian taxa. This includes all mammals, birds, reptiles, frogs and fish, 137 families of vascular plants (over 15,000 species) and a range of invertebrate groups. Groups notnot yet yet covered covered in inANHAT ANHAT are notnot included included in in the the list. list. • The data used come from authoritative sources, but they are not perfect. All species names have been confirmed as valid species names, but it is not possible to confirm all species locations.
  • Biodiversity Summary: Wet Tropics, Queensland

    Biodiversity Summary: Wet Tropics, Queensland

    Biodiversity Summary for NRM Regions Species List What is the summary for and where does it come from? This list has been produced by the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (SEWPC) for the Natural Resource Management Spatial Information System. The list was produced using the AustralianAustralian Natural Natural Heritage Heritage Assessment Assessment Tool Tool (ANHAT), which analyses data from a range of plant and animal surveys and collections from across Australia to automatically generate a report for each NRM region. Data sources (Appendix 2) include national and state herbaria, museums, state governments, CSIRO, Birds Australia and a range of surveys conducted by or for DEWHA. For each family of plant and animal covered by ANHAT (Appendix 1), this document gives the number of species in the country and how many of them are found in the region. It also identifies species listed as Vulnerable, Critically Endangered, Endangered or Conservation Dependent under the EPBC Act. A biodiversity summary for this region is also available. For more information please see: www.environment.gov.au/heritage/anhat/index.html Limitations • ANHAT currently contains information on the distribution of over 30,000 Australian taxa. This includes all mammals, birds, reptiles, frogs and fish, 137 families of vascular plants (over 15,000 species) and a range of invertebrate groups. Groups notnot yet yet covered covered in inANHAT ANHAT are notnot included included in in the the list. list. • The data used come from authoritative sources, but they are not perfect. All species names have been confirmed as valid species names, but it is not possible to confirm all species locations.
  • A Preliminary Phytochemical Survey of Papua-New Guinea

    A Preliminary Phytochemical Survey of Papua-New Guinea

    A Preliminary Phytochemical Survey of Papua-New Guinea BOTANICAL EXPLORATION of the island of several notable plant drugs to world medicine, New Guinea as a whole was not seriously e.g., quinine, cocaine, and curare. The failure undertaken until about 1875. Then and for ofNewGuinea (as well as Australia) to provide some time subsequently, the flora of British a similar array of useful drugs may be due to N~w Guinea was less intensively studied than its comparatively late contact with modern that of Dutch and German New Guinea technology, and to economic factors. (White, 1923: 8). It is not surprising, there­ An Australian Phytochemical Survey, be­ fore, that, until recently, little attention was gun in the latter part of World War II, re­ paid to the phytochemical resources of what vealed many new and potentially valuable is now known as the Territory of Papua-New alkaloids, saponins, pigments, antibiotics, Guinea. By contrast, active botanical research and other compounds of chemical interest including chemistry and 'pharmacology of (Webb, 1953). The tropical and subtropical tropical plants was undertaken at Bogor rain forests of eastern Queensland and north­ (Buitenzorg) beginning in 1888 (Koolhaas, ern New South Wales yielded proportionately 1945: 207). In addition to limited timber­ more species with alkaloids than did other milling, exploitation of coconut (copra) and plant formations. Their specific diversity,and sugar cane (for· propagation) nearly sum­ the large quantities of bark and other material marises European interest in the resources of available for analysis from the dominant tree the New Guinea flora. flora, make the rain forests an attractive sam­ So far, there has been no commercial de­ ple reservoir for organic chemists.
  • Thonner's Analytical Key to the Families of Flowering Plants

    Thonner's Analytical Key to the Families of Flowering Plants

    Thonner's analyticalke y to thefamilie s of flowering plants R.Geesin k A.J .M .Leeuwenber g C.E.Ridsdale J.F .Veldkam p PUDOC, Centre for Agricultural Leiden University Press Publishing and Documentation The Hague/Boston/London, Wageningen, 1981 1981 /1/0 07 (P- :>< R. Geesink-Rijksherbarium, Leiden, Netherlands A. J. M. Leeuwenberg - Laboratorium voor Plantensystematiek en Planten- geografie, Agricultural University, Wageningen, Netherlands C. E. Ridsdale-B. A. Krukoff Botanist ofMalesia n Botany, Rijksherbarium, Leiden, Netherlands J. F. Veldkamp-Rijksherbarium, Leiden, Netherlands This volume isliste d inth eLibrar y of Congress Cataloging inPublicatio n Data Thisi sa translate d and revised edition of:Anleitun g zumBestimme n der Familien der Blutenpflanzen, 2nd. ed. 1917, Friedländer, Berlin ISBN 90-220-0730-8 © Centre foragricultura l publishing and documentation, PUDOC, Wageningen 1981 and Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, The Hague, 1981 Allright sreserved . Nopar t ofthi spublicatio n mayb ereproduced , stored ina retrieva l system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, P.O. Box 566, 2501 CN The Hague, The Netherlands, and PUDOC, P.O. Box 4,670 0A AWageningen , TheNetherland s Printed inth e Netherlands Contents Preface toth e2n deditio n(1917 ) vii Introduction viii Acknowledgements x FranzThonne r- Life (1863-1928) xii FranzThonner-Bibliograph y xv FranzThonner-Derive dwork s xviii FranzThonner-Eponym y xx The Key - Introduction and Notes xxii Schemefo r adiagnosti cdescriptio n xxvi Conciseke yt oth ema jo rgrouping s 1 Keyt oth efamilie s 3 Glossary 198 Index 214 'All plants are hybrids, but some are greater bastards than others' lf*!Mfc .-, -e *••-r • + VT-V «-•! * .