NEWSLETTER of the MICHIGAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Volume 35, Number 3 August, 1990 Etienne Leopold Trouvelot, Gypsy Moth Perpetrator Andrew Liebhold, USDA Forest Service, Morgantown, WV he gypsy moth, like many of ral History. Trouvelot seemed to be par Towards the latter part of the 1860's ourother important pest organ ticularly fascinated with thebiologyand Trouvelotreturnedfroma trip to Europe T isms, is not native to North culture of silk worms (Trouvelot 1868, with a shipment of live gypsy moth America. It's history in this continent is Verril1 1865). Through much of the 19th eggs. Howard (931) stated that characterized by a slow expansion of its century, manyAmericans promoted silk Trouvelot wasattempting to crossgypsy range from its initial point of introduc culture as a scheme for achieving great moths with silk-producing species to tion in Massachusetts through all of the wealth (Whitmarsh 1839, Bamford 1886, develop a strain resistant to the proto northeastern states. The generally zoan disease, Nosema bombycis, that infested region is currently ex had decimated the silk industry in panding its way into Ohio, West much of Europe (Leggett 1949). In Virginia, Virginia and North Caro either 1868 or 1869, several of lina as well as in a separate popu Trouvelot's gypsy moths escaped lation in Michigan. However,unlike out of a window in his house where mostotherexotic pests, wedoknow he was culturing them. He was re who was responsible for importing portedly quite upset about the inci the first gypsy moths to this conti dent and 'publicly' announced the nent. accident (Forbush & Fernald 1896, The history of the gypsy moth in Howard 1930). We do not know if North America began in 1869 when he actually contacted any govern several insects escaped out of a ment officials, but within a year home owned by Etienne Leopold many prominent entomologists, in Trouvelot in Medford, Massachu cluding C.V. Riley, had been in setts. Mr. Trouvelot was born on formed (Forbush & Fernald 1896). December26, 1827 in Aisne, France. It wasn't until about 10 years Little is known about his life in later that the new population of France but he apparently was po gypsy moths reached defoliating litically involved as a Republican densities in Trouvelot's neighbor and fl ed the country in 1852 when hood. In a manner similar to what Louis Napoleon rose to power in exists throughmuch ofthe Northeast the coup d'etat (Hoffleit 1976, today, many of the residents of Herman & Corbin 1986). In 1857, Trouvelot's neighborhood were Trouvelot took up residence with quite displeased with the presence his wife and two children in a new of these insects (Forbush & Fernald home on 27 M yr tle Street in Etienne Leopold Trouvelot . 1896). As the outbreak enlarged, Medford, Massachusetts. His state officialsbecameconcerned and neighborhood wasa typicalmiddle-class Cherry 1987). Trouvelot, in an entrepre in 1890 they mounted a large-scale Boston suburb, home to many success neurial spirit, felt it may be possible to eradica Hon effort. This program, as well ful working-class emigrants. capitalize on this market using giant as several others that followed, failed .Trouvelot supported himself as an silkworms native to North America. and the range of the gypsy moth con artist though he had a strong amateur From 1860 until at least 1868, Trouvelot tinues to spread to this day. It has been interest in the sciences. He was an active developed techniques for mass-rearing pointed out that the vast impact ofgypsy member of the Boston Society of Natu- native silkworms. moth and its control may have been
1[;@IM7!OIMIJJ)~~ ON NEXT PAGE 7fff9@I!J'lfIElL @7f CONTINUED FROM PAGE 1 .. ",,~ :, ;.<:. : ,.::: ....:::'}:<'::"}:::::" ., ...... , ...... i):':':'?:, ' .Officet~ ;:'ofM.E.S . averted by a more expedient response to this quarantine incident (Dunlap 1980). .~res~deh t .;,....\':...... ;.;:...... Eugene Kenaga ( Trouvelot's loss of interest in entomology must have oc curred shortly after the time of the accident since there is no President-Elect· ...... ·...... Fred Stehr ' record of any further work by him. This suggests that he Immediate Past President .•...... ;.....I:>ick Snider realized the severity of the accident. In 1870, Trouvelot ob Executive Secretary ...,...... Mo Nielsen served several spectacular auroras and thus began his new ¥ ember'-a t-Large (1 988-91) ;...... Mark Scriber scientific passion: astronomy. Being a talented artist, he im pressed astronomers with his vivid illustrations and in 1872 Member-at-1M ge (1989-92) ...... :. Leah Bauer he was invited to join the staffof the Harvard College Obser .Member-at-Large (1990-93) ...... Cathy Bristow vatory. At the Harvard Observatory and at the U.S. Naval Journal Editor ...... Mark O'Brien Observatory, he produced hundreds of celestial illustrations. Newsletter Edit()r ...... Bob Haack He became particularly famous for his drawings of the plan ets and sun (Herman and Corbin 1986). Trouvelot was clearly Associate Newsletter Editor ...... George Heaton a successful astronomer: hepublished over50 scientific papers, won the French Academy's Valz prize, and a lunar crater was named in his honor. It is interesting that he returned to live in Lou W ilson Retires France and worked at the MeudonObservatoryin 1882,about On 2June 1990, Lou Wilson retired from the North Central the same time thegypsy mothpopulationserupted in Medford. Forest Experiment Station of the USDA Forest Service. Dur Leopold Trouvelot died April 22, 1895 in Meudon, France. ing his 33-yearcareer with the Forest Service, Lou authored or Heleft behind a legacyasbothan outstandingastronomerbut co-authored over 200 publications that ranged from notes to a less competent entomologist. It was only one act of poor books, and from highly technical to popular articles. His judgment on the part of Trouvelot that left our country with specialty was forest plantation insects of the Lake States. He oneof its worst pest problems. In his defense, the potential for published the biology, behavior, dynamics, and management damage from exotic pests was not fully understood in of more than 70 different species of forest insects. Trouvelot's time. Many other pest animals and plants were Lou, a native of Wiscon carelessly moved between continents, often intentionally; sin, completed his Ph.D. in and regulatory agencies, such as the USDA Animal and Plant entomologyat the University Health Inspection Service, had not yet been established. of Minnesota in 1962. From there he was hired by the References Forest Service and stationed Bamford, C.E. 1886. Silk Culture. A Hand-book for Silk in East Lansing, Michigan, Growers. O. Judd Co., New York. where he has lived for the Cherry, R.H. 1987. History of sericulture. Bull. Entomol. Soc. past 28 years. Lou was an Amer. 33: 83-84. adjunct professor in the De Dunlap, T.R. 1980. The gypsy moth: A study in science and partments of Entomology public policy. J. For. Hist. 24: 116-126. and Forestry at Michigan Forbush, E.H. and C.H. Fernald. 1896. The Gypsy Moth. State University, and taught Wright & Potter, Boston. the forest entomologycourse Hoffleit, E.D. 1976. Etienne Leopold Trouvelot. pp. 472-473 for eight years. In addition, Lou served as the major professor in: DictionaryofScientific Biography. Vol. 13 (C.c.Gillispie, for several graduate students, many of whom now hold ed.). Scribner's Sons, New York. importantpositionsin state and federal agenciesin Minnesota, Herman,J.K. and B.G. Corbin. 1986. Trouvelot: From moths to Wisconsin, Michigan, and Washington, D.C. Mars. Sky and Telescope. 72: 566-568. Lou has always been a strong supporter of the Michigan Howard, L.O. 1930. A history of applied entomology. Entomological Society, has served as the Society's president, Smithsonian Misc. CoIl. 84: 1-564. and is a Life Member. Undoubtedly, Lou's major contribu Leggett, 1949. The Story ofSilk. Lifetime Editions, New York. tion to the Society was as newsletter editor. He became edi tor Samuels, E.A. 1870. The birds of New England and Adjacent in 1971 churning out issue after issue through 1988, and States. Noyes, Holmes and Co., Boston. continued to serve as editor pro tem for the past 18 months! Trouvelot, L. 1868. The american silkworm. Amer. Nat. 1: 3D Lou and his wife Diane have moved to Florida, where they 38,85-94, 145-149. arebuilding a new home on 5 acres of land that is dotted with Verrill, A.E. 1865. A new american silkworm. Amer. J. of Sci. slash pines and saw palmettos. Lou will continue to write on and Arts. 34: 228. a variety of subjects and grow bromeliads and orchids for his Whitmarsh, S. 1839. Eight years experience and observation plant business (Wilson's Tropicals). We wish Lou the best, in the cuItureof the mulberry tree, and in the careof thesilk thank him for his years of service, and hope to see him at worm with remarks adapted to the american system of future annual meetings of the the Society. p roducing raw s ilk for exportation. J.H. Butler, Bob HlUlCk, Newsletter Editor Northampton, Mass.
1990 fM{grJW~!l,{gIT{gMi of the MICHIGAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY USDA Getting Ready for Africanized Honey Bee
Who'd have thought honey bees No bee, Africanized orotherwise, will ture. ln addition to producing about 250 could cause such a fuss?! generally sting unless it's bothered or million pounds of honey annually, they 34 years ago, in 1956, fuss-causing feels its hive is threatened. pollinate hundreds of kinds of crops honey bees weren't the high-profile Nonetheless, while a disturbed hive including apples, almonds, blueberries, stuff of tabloids that they seem to be of European honey bees may send sev cantaloupes, cranberries, cucumbers, today. That's the year when Brazilian eral dozen guards out on the offensive. melons, and wild fruits-worth tens of geneticists established test colonies of Africanized honey bees will send out billions of dollars in the marketplace. African honey bees in Brazil, with the hundreds--sometimes even thousands. However, Africanized honey bees- goal of breeding a honey bee better While angry European honey bees compared to their European cousins adapted to the tropics. rarely sting more than a few yards from collect nectar with less sugar, carry Bu t a yearlater the African honey bee home, their Africanized relatives some smaller loads, make longer trips, and swarms were released into the wild times attack up to one-quarter mile from don't communicate as much with before the geneticists could assess the their hive. felIo w bees about good nectar locations. bees' characteristics. There they inter As it interbred, the bee-moving 200 This also means that the bees produce bred with local honey bees to create the 300 miles annually-spread northward less honey. hybrid Africanized honey bee. through South America and then Cen Since 1987, specialists with APHIS, It's a breed considered to be more tral America. By late 1986 it had reached which is the USDA agency responsible defensive-some say "aggressively de southern Mexico. In May 1990, special fo r keeping foreign agricultural pests fe nsive"-and better adapted to a ists from APHIS and ARS pinpointed and diseases out of the U.s., have been warmer, tropical climate than the milder the bee'snorthernmost location at abou t working on-site in Mexico-in coopera mannered Europeanized bees which 150 miles south of Brownsville, TX, in tion with Mexico's Secretariat of Agri have historically inhabited the Ameri the coastal town of La Pesca in the state culture and Water Resources-to control cas. of Tarnaulipas, Mexico. the Africanized honey bee's northward The main difference between the two Accordingly, as the Africanized movement. bees is not in appearance but instead is honey bee nears Texas, USDA is prepar The specialists have been supervis behavioral. Specifically, Africanized ing for its arrival-as well as for its im ing 52 trapping teams which hung thou honey bees are more easily angered than pact Dn agriculture in general, and bee sands of traps to capture swarms of their Europeanized cousins, and-al keeping in particular, in the U.S. Africanized honey bees. The traps are though their venom is no more poison Many people don't realize how im plastic-covered cardboard boxes laced ous-more of them attack when aroused. portant honey bees are to U.s. agricul with a synthetic bee scent. The attrac- 1C @IMIrUIMIJJIE@ ON NEXT PAGE
For Sale: Unmounted worldwide but Proceedings for sale: The first Proceed terflies, moths and beetles with data in ings of the Illinois Mosquito and Vector ~ all price ranges. Superior quality, double Control Association in almost 20 years boxed for shipping safety. Personalized is now available. This 85 page publica service to all - including new collectors! tion includes articles on Aedes albopictus Notices We specialize in Papilio, Morpho and in the laCrosse Beltand in Illinois, Culex Heliconius. We also offer excellent qual ovipostion behavior, pesticide use by (Notices will be run for a year or 4 numbers ity insect mounting pins including stan Illinois mosquito abatement districts, tire of the Newsletter unless notified to drop dard black, stainless steel and Elephant regula tions and disposal in III inois, Lyme them. Members desiring longer runs should at the best prices available. Send $5.00 disease in Illinois, tick-borne diseases in notify newsletter editor, Robert Haack, U.S. for a one year price list subscri ption Indiana, vector control in the U.s. Air USDA Forest Seroice, Nisbet Bldg., Rm. to: Ianni Butterfly Enterprises, P.O. Box Force, and a condensed history and 220, 1407 S. Harrison Rd., East LAnsing, 811 71, Cleveland OH 441 81, U.S.A. cDmprehensive bibliography of mos MI48823.) Phone: (216) 888-2310. quito research and control in Illinois. The price of a single copy is $7.00 ($12.00 Wanted: Data on Michigan butterflies Notice: I'm an Italian butterfly collector library rate) (postage included). Send for use in a new publication on the but interested in papilionids and satumiids checks, made payable in U.s. funds, to terfliesofMichigan. Doubtful specimens of the whole world. I'd be happy to the "Illinois.Mosquito and Vector Con can be forwarded for determination or exchange Italian butterflies for those of trol Association." Send Orders to Donald confi rmation. Especially interested in your country. I'm also willing to buy Baumgartner, Proceedings Editor, c/o Lycaenidae and Hesperiidae records. pupae or eggs. Contact Crespi Franco at Northwest Mosquito Abatement Dis Contact M. C. Nielsen, 3415 Overlea Dr., via Ciro Menotti, 23; Concordia s-s; trict, 147 W. Hintz Road, Wheeling, lL Lansing, MI 48917. (517) 321-2192. Modena, Italy. 60090. Phone: (708) 537-2306.
_ August, 1990 fM~ rjJ~fL~IT~{ffj of the MICHIGAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY ___ rt;@fMifOfM l!P&@ FROM PREVIOUS PAGE Africanized honey bee swarms found in the Fast Africanized Bee Identification that state. System, or FABIS, uses wing measure tant lures the swarms into the trap with One way of protecting domestic ments of collected honey bees to iden a chemical message that, in effect, says, honey bee colonies would be to develop tify and screen out European strains of "Come here; this is a good nesting site." a strain of domestic bees that would honey bees. Their wings are generally The trapping brigades check the traps outcompete the Africanized honey bee slightly larger than those of the every two weeks. Any bees found in the in some way. And that's exactly the goa} Africanized honey bee. traps are killed and samples are sent to of ARS. They are "Mapping," or identi FABIS can be performed without a an APHIS lab in Mexico for identifica fying and locating, the genes of Euro microscope. Samples that can't be iden tion. Since September 1987, trapping peanbees. In the future they maybe able tified using FABIS then undergo com brigades have hung about 73,000 traps, to genetically engineer biochemically puterized morphometric testing, and, in capturing more than 23,000 Africanized superior bees that can outcompete some cases, DNA analysis. honey bee swarms. Africanized honey bees. Bob Washino, special representative In addition, APHIS program person Further west, ARS scientists at the on exotic pests with the Cooperative nel have employed other measures to Carl Hayden Bee Research Center in State Research Service in Davis, CA, slow the Africanized honey bee. They Tucson, AZ, are tracking bees with ra explained that CSRS cooperates with are teaching local Mexican beekeepers dar, as the bees search for mates, in ARS and State Agricultural Experiment how to produce more docile strains of order to learn exactl y how far and where Stations on a variety of honey bee re honey bees. a queen goes to fi nd a group of males. search programs. These programs in For instance, they have encouraged They hope to alert beekeepers abou t just clude Africanized honey bee identifica beekeepers to mark 'good' queens, or how far and in what direction a queen tion,expansion, population genetics, and the more docile queens of European flies to mate. mating. descent, with a bright paint or nail pol He observed that one of the most ish so it would be easy to see if those "We're working to challenging aspects of CSRS research queens were still in the hive. determine just how involves determining the extent of hy Unmarked queens-which could be bridiza tion of the Africanized honey bees Africanized-are quickly replaced with Africanized- or, on the moving north from Mexico into the U.s. new queens of desirable stock. other hand, how Europe Noting that several schools of thought Also, beekeepers are encouraged to anized- the bees in Mexico exist about genetic hybridization, he said produce more drones, or male bees, so that, "We're working to determine just queens would have a better chance of are right now." how Africanized-or, on the other hand, mating with desirable drones-thereby _0Bob Washino how Europeanized-the bees in Mexico producing desirable offspring. are right now." As a result of those initiatives, ARS scientists are working on a sys "When we find that out, we'll have APHIS's control efforts have succeeded tem for trapping and killing Africanized something very concrete on which to in delaying the Africanized honey bee's honey bees in a way that is environmen base future honey bee management estimated arrival time for about 18 tally sound. It is based on the use of a stra tegies." months. The bee isn't expected to fly sugar syrup bait, instead ofgeneralized And when those management strate over the Mexico-Texas border until spraying, and is considered useful in gies reach fruition, the Extension Ser sometime late this summer of fall. na tional parks and otherou tdoor public vice will no doubt playa lead role in More recently, APHIS specialists have areas. educating beekeepers about those strat been shifting their focus to stateside ac Another environmentally sound ap egies. According to James Tew, ES's tivities. For instance, they have devel proach is to develop natural and syn National Program Leader in Apiculture, oped a network of computer-accessed thetic compounds to subdue, but not that agency has conducted educational information on Africanized honey bee kill, the bees. One such substance is programs, including use of fact sheets finds in the U.S. DEET, a mosquito repellant which ARS and a video, on the value of beekeeping. Also, this past spring they established developed in the 1950s and which is "U.s. beekeepers are confident that two honey bee trap Iines, which included now found in more than 30 insect repel they can deal with the Africanized honey 183 traps, in south Texas to monitor the lants on the market. bee," he noted. "Their only concern is in bee's movement the U.s. This effort If sprayed at the bees, DEET makes that the public may not understand that complemented a similar ARS initiative them temporarily stop stinging, al U.S. beekeepers are the 'good guys.'" which invol ved 700 traps set upin south though they eventually recover. The Africanized honey bees are in Texas and northeastern Mexico in 1988. Oneof the more appreciated services exorably spreading northward. APHIS's trapping efforts in Texas are ARS provides is its bee identification But the combined efforts of USDA designed to track the bees, so APHIS service-open 24 hours a day, 7 days a scientists, specialists, and public infor will know where they are and where week, including holidays-in its Benefi mation personnel have resulted in a re they'll move next. cial Insects Lab in Beltsville, MD. sponse to that arrival which is based on In addition, APHIS is committed to ARS relies primarily on two methods facts-not material from tabloids. supportingTexas in eliminating the first to identify bees. The first method, called by Jan 7Ul Eva ns, USDA News
1990 IM~ OOf~fL~IT~rm of the MICHIGAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 36th Annual Meeting at the Chippewa Nature Center
The Michigan Entomological Society Director,and Chip Francke, CNC'sLead Buglover's Day" that the Society hosted held its Annual Meeting a t the Chippewa Naturalist. Members were entertained on June 2, with over 100 chHdren and Nature Center (CNC) in Midland on and enlightenedbythe excellent keynote grown-ups taking part. Thanks go to June 1, 1990. The meeting was a great address and 16 individual papers. Gary Dunn for organizing the Event success and many thanks to Eugene Summaries are given on the next few and to the many members that assisted! Kenaga for serving as the meeting's or pages, with the editor taking full blame Activities included everything from ganizer. We were given a warmwelcome for any misrepresentations. Mealworm Races and Insect Safaris to byRichard Touvell, the CNC'sExecutive Another success was the "Family Bug Bingo and Computer Insect Games. Guest Speaker Nets Butterflies in Public Education Warren Herb Wagner, Deparbnent of Botany at the University of Michigan.
The theme of Dr. Warren Wagner's eurydice) goes into the marsh. summer), but the undersides are red address was improving public educa Genetic controls can be discussed dish when they develop under short tion. There is an obvious need to im using examples of polymorphism and days (in fall). prove the quality of science teaching in sexual dimorphism. Some of the fritil Butterflies are excellent for discus America, but not just HOW to teach it, laries are very useful here. sions on the species concept, or the but the WHAT and WHY must be ad Discussions on the influence of the founders principle. For example, in Ha dressed too. environment can also be addressed us waii there is a population of "white" Besides being an authority on trees ing butterflies. Cold temperatures dur monarch butterflies. Also, the ring pat and ferns, Herb is also oneof Michigan's ing a critical time in pupation can influ tern on the wings of wood nymphs can foremost butterfly experts. And it is the ence the butterflies final size or color be used to introduce the topic of a cline. BUTTERFLY that Herb declares could The concept of coevolu be put to much better use in today's tion can be taught using classrooms to aid in teaching several many plant-butterfly ex biological principles. Herb uses butter amples. For example, use the flies all the time in his botanyclasses. He great specialization of the says that birds could also be used to fritillaries on violets. And teach several of the same principles but then there are the swal butterflies are superior because ona field lowtails, with the black swal trip, you can easily net a butterfly, fold lowtails on Umbelliferae, the its wings together, and pass it from giant swallowtails on prickly person to person, but not with birds! ash (Rutaceae), and the Butterflies can be used in the class spicebush swallowtails on room in a number of ways, and here are the Lauraceae, for example. just a few that Herb mentioned. The Animal migration can be concept of the life cycle can be easily introduced using the mon taught with butterflies because they not arch or the red admiral. In only have four distinct life stages, but addition, the monarch can they are easily maintained in the class be used to focus discussions room. on species conservation, The sulfur and cabbage butterflies biodiversity, and how defor are excellent for lectures on hybridiza estation in the tropics can in tion, hybrid zones, and mutations. For fluence the numbers and discussions on mimicry, there are many kinds of insects we see in excellent examples using fritillaries, North America. purples, and swallowtails. Herb finished by encour For a lecture on co-existence or sib pattern. In fact, manycolor morphs have aging scientists to break a way from their ling species, there are two nearly identi been named as separate species in the research and get more involved in cal satyrs that occur in the zone where a literature. Using Colias cesonia as an ex teaching. Teaching is bringing the re marshand woodsmeet. When disturbed, ample (a sulfur), the undersides of the search project full-drcle. We can all be one species (Lethe appalachia) al ways flies adult's wings are yellow in color when successful scientists and be good teach into the woods, while the other (Lethe the larvae develop under long days (in ers too!
_ August, 1990 {fo!jlErw~fLIEITIE/Jfi of the MICHIGAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY ___ Topics and Speakers at Chippewa Nature Center
Daniel Herms and William Mattson: ''Drought Stress Robert Morgan: "Federal Predisposes Birch to Bronze Birch Borer Attack: The Registration of Pesticides: The Amazing Data Maze," Mechanistic Basis," The Dow Gardens in Midland; Dow Elanco in Midland. Department of Entomology at Michigan State University; Bob walked the audience and North Central Forest Experiment Station, USDA Forest Service in East Lansing. through the amazing data maze Dan reported on a "common garden" experiment at the required by the federal govern ment for pesticide registration. Dow Gardens where 80 paper birch trees have been estab lished in individual "cells," exposed to various levels of It is truly a highly regulated industry, with very stringent drought stress, and monitored for bronze birch borer activ It and exhaustive data require ity. was noted that as drought intensified, susceptibility to ments in five particular areas; the borer increased as well. Dan reported ona minimum thresh (1) product chemistry, includ ing scores of physical and old for xylem increment growth, chemical properties of the compound, (2) wildlife and aquatic under which the trees suc organism hazards, which may take five years to complete all cumbed to borer attack. Dan testing, (3) toxicological hazards to humans and domestic speculated that flowering might animals, (4) environmental fate, including studies on persis beanotherfactorrelated to borer tence and bioaccumulation, and (5) residue data, involving a susceptibility, in that heavy variety of tolerance studies. Commonly, to bring a new com flower production could cause pound to market, $10-15 million is invested over a 5-7 year a shunting of resources away period, with another 2 years needed to pass all the legal from defense and toward re procedures. production, thus producing a more susceptible tree.
Robert Haack: "Patterns of Resistance in Paper Birch and European White Birch to Eileen Van Tassell: "Larval Behavior and Morphology in Bronze Birch Borer," North the Hydrophilidae," Department of Entomology at Central Forest Experiment Michigan State University. Station, USDA Forest Service Eileen covered several aspects of larval behavior and in East Lansing. morphology of the water-inhabiting Hydrophilidae. Bob reported on a survey Throughout the literature there are references stating that conducted in a 1200-tree birch hydrophilid larvae are vegetarians, but Eileen provided evi plantation in southern Michi dence that they are predators as gan that originated from seed well, having a special liking for collected from individual trees mosquito larvae. Hydrophilid throughout Michigan (paper birch sources) and in several adults tend to be scavengers, countries in Europe (European white birch sources). Gener eating algae and scraping leaf ally, European white birch is preferred in ornamental settings surfaces. The larval morphology to our native paper birch, because its bark turns white at a was clearly displayed with a younger age. However, Europeansources are generally much number of scanning electron more susceptible to bronze birch borer (Buprestidae). The micrographs, showing in par survey revealed that the European sources did tum white ticular the fierce-looking man earlier and that they were all highly susceptible to borer dibles. Hydrophilid eggs are laid attack. However, for ournativebirch, it was shown that there in cases, and as the eggs age they is great variability, with a few sources growing very fast, tum color, taking on the appear turning white just as early as the European sources, and ance of dead duckweed. showing no evidence of borer attack. Overall, breeders should look further into our native birch to find an ideal ornamental birch, and emphasize less the European sources.
1990 IMfErw;~fLfEITfEfffi of the MICHIGAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY M ore Topics and Speakers Cathy Infante, Daniel Herms, Robert Haack, and Bruce Ayres: "Intrapopulation Variation in the Responses of Ips pini and a Clerid Predator to the Bark Beetle Pheromone Ipsdienol," The Dow Gardens in Midland; Department of Entomology at Michigan State University; North Central Forest Experiment Station, USDA Forest Service Henretta Trent Band: "Yes, Chymomyza amoena Does in East Lansing; and Woods Run Forest Products in Breed in Acorns!" Department of Zoology at Michigan Colfax, WI. State University. The principal component of the pheromone of the pine The temperate-zone drosophHid flies in the genus bark beetle Ips pini (Scolytidae) is ipsdienol, being found in ChymomyZil breed in a variety of substrates, including fruit, two optical forms, a (+) and a (-) form. This bark beetle occurs decaying wood, and insect frass. Henretta described the throughout northern United breeding habits of Chymomyza States and Canada. In New amoena in some detail. This fly York, populations prefer a 60% breeds in acorns, but not sim (+)/40% (-) blend, whereas in ply any acorn. Apparently, California they prefer nearly adult females select acorns 100% (-). Cathy reported on a with some type of crack in 2-year study that took place in the husk. Acorns damaged Michigan and Wisconsin, to by acorn weevils have a determine local blend prefer small, circular hole where the ences, both for Ips pini and its "drilling" took place, and these principal c1erid predator. Us are among the favorite sites ing five different blends, it was for ChymomyZil females to lay noted that variation occurred eggs. between states, years, and in sects. In the Lake States, Ips preferred blendsof 50-75% (+), while the clerid was more broadly attracted.
Catherine Bristow: II Aphid Mark O'Brien: "Computers Associations with Ants and and Collections: Expecta Morphological Effects of tions and Realities" Mu Host Plants," Department of seum of Zoology at the Entomology at Michigan University of Michigan. State University. Computers are being used Cathy reported on the nu for a variety of tasks in today's merous associations that oc museums. For example, to (1) cur between ants and various make labels, lists, and forms, Homoptera, especially the (2) manage specimen loans, (3) treehoppers and scales. Ac construct databases for species, type species,loans, inventor cording to mutualistic theory, the ants get a food source that ies, etc., (4) communicate with other collectors through pro is high in sugars and amino acids, and the homopterans gramssuch as ENT-LlST, (5) constructrange maps for species receive protection. In some experiments it's been shown that using various mapping programs and the species databases, ant-tended Homoptera grew faster and laid more eggs than and (6) provide information to museum visitors. However, those deprived of ants. Based on a Ii terature review of nearly don't think that having a computer implies that every insect 500 species of United States treehoppers, about 25% of them mustbeentered onto the computer, that this means that you'U are tended by ants. In add ition, a greater percentage of never have to work with the collection again, that it is an easy Homoptera that live on woody plantsare tended by ants than task, and that you'll need a mainframe-sized computer to do are those on herbaceous plants. thejob. Ultimately, Mark says that computers should increase productivity and make it easier for the curator and staff to manage the collection.
1990 fM{grH!~IL{gIT{gml of the MICHIGAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY More Topics and Speakers
Tom Wilmot: "Time Segregated Collection of Adult Mosquitoes," Midland County M osquito Control in Midland. Active mosquito abatement programs occur in several Edward Grafius: "Insecticide counties in the Saginaw Bay area of Michigan. Tom described Resistance in the Colorado the program used in Midland Potato Beetle," Deparbnent County as one that integrates of Entomology at Michigan (l) reduction of breeding sites, State University. (2) larvicide usage, and (3) There has been a long his adulticide usage. Mosquito tory of insecticide resistance by control is made difficult be the Colorado potato beetle cause there are several species (CPB) in Michigan. Within that occurin the Midland area, Michigan, Ed reported that there they have overlapping gen is great variability in insecticide susceptibility of local CPB erations, and they areactive at populations from one location to another. In the laboratory, different times of the day and after selecting for carbofuran resistance for seven generations, night. For example, Aedes feeds the CPB progeny could no longer be killed with this product. mostly between 8-10 pm, Although resistance is known to occur, little work has been Anopheles mostly at 10 pm done on thegenetics of insecticide resistance. Based on studies midnight, and Culex mostly in with CPB and carbofuran, resistance appearsto be inherited as the morning. Tires, which are excellent breeding sites for a single dominant gene. cavity-breeding species, should be shredded. The larvicide "Bti" is lethal to many aquatic dipterans, and is used primar ily in the spring for Aedes contrOl. Adulticides are applied mostly as ULV (ultra-low volume) aerosols during the pre dawn hours. Beth Bishop and Edward Grafius: "Testing Colorado Potato Beetle for Insecticide Richard Roeper and Students: IIAmbrosia Beetle Stud Resistance on the Farm," ies," Department of Biology, at Alma College in Department of Entomology Alma, MI. at Michigan State U sing wi ndow-barrier traps University. and rotary traps, Dick reported The Colorado potato beetle on studies that he and his stu (CPB) has become resistant to dents have conducted on the nearly all pesticides thatgrow diurnal flight habits of several ers have used against it. But ambrosia beetles (Scolytidae) still, certain local populations in a large woodlot in central may be resistant to some but Michigan. While trapping, air susceptible to others. Beth dis temperature, relative humid cussed a test kit that can be employed on the farm. It consists ity, and light intensity were of S insecticides commonly used against CPB and a set of also being monitored. Dick dishes. Simplyplace 20 field-collected CPB in eachdish,apply discussed the flight habits of the pesticides, and record the mortality. If there is less than eight spe<;ies of Trypodendron, 30% mortality, don' t use that particular insecticide because Xyloterinus, Monarthrum, and the local beetle population is apparently resistant to it. How Xlyeborus. Overall, most initi ever, if mortality is 90% or greater, then that particular in ated spring flight in April and May, during late afternoon or secticide should be used. This simple method will allow early evening hours, and on days when temperatureswere at growers to select the best insecticide for their particular CPB least IS-20°e.Most only hadonemajor flight period (indicating population. just one generation per year), while two appeared to have multiple generations.
1990 fMM OO'/~fLMITM[fij of the MICHIGAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY And Even More Topics and Speakers
Cora Gorsuch and Gary Simmons: "Gypsy Moth Parasit ism in Central MichigaIl;" Department of Forestry and Entomology at Michigan Slate University Leah Bauer: "The Effect of a Nosema sp. on Viral Cora described the early Pathogenicity in Gypsy Moth," North Central Forest results of her thesis project in Experiment Station, USDA Forest Service in which the parasite complex East Lansing. that attacks gypsy moth in In North America, gypsy moth populations are central Michigan was de regulated almost entirely by nuclear polyhedrosis virus scribed and compared be or NPV. However, in Europe and Asia, gypsy moth tween (a) rural and urban set regulation results from the interaction of both NPV and tings, and (b) areas where several species of microsporidia, which are intracellular gypsy moth is on the increase protozoan pathogens of many insects. A few species of and other areas where it is rnicrosporidia are being considered for release in the declining. The braconid para United States for gypsy moth control. In Leah's study, site Cortesillwas the most nu presented by Bob Haack, the interactions of NPV with merousparasitecollected. The one microsporidian species of Nosema in gypsy moth egg parasite Ooencyrtus were presented. Overall, the addition of Nosema did not (Encyrtidae) was found in all antagonize the infection rate of NPV. In fact, there sites. In addition, two species of Diptera and 2 species of appeared to be slight additive or synergistic effects ichneumonid wasps were commonly reared. Nogeneral con when both disease organisms were present. These clusions can yet be drawn about the parasite complex in the results suggest that release of Nosema could improve different communities. natural regulation of gypsy moth in the United States.
Ronald Priest: "Gypsy Moth in Michigan: Industry, Homeowner, and Environmental Concerns," Michigan Department of Agriculture in Lansing. Michigan stopped its gypsy moth eradication program in Fred Warner and George 1984, and in 1986 initiated local suppression programs. In Bird: "The Nematology 1985 the problem areas occurred in Clare, Isabella, and Mid Entomology Interface & land Counties, but now gypsy moth is well established Recent Developments," throughout lower Michigan and in the eastern half of the Department of Entomology Upper Peninsula. In severely infested areas the gypsy moth at Michigan State causes financial losses by University. lowering real estate values, Fred gave us the inside decreasing tourism, and re scoopon nematologists. Some stricting shipment of nursery work with nematodes that are stock unless sprayed and cer plant parasi tes. For example, tified as "clean" of gypsy in red-ring of coconut, palm moth. The biological insecti weevils vector nematodes cide "Bt" is used in all of the from palm to palm, which then invade the vascular tissues of State's suppression programs the plant. In pine wilt disease, cerambycid beetles vector - 140,000 acres sprayed in nematodes from pine to pine, which similarly invade the 1990, up from 60,000 acres in water-conducting tissues of the tree. Some nematologists 1989. Spraying will probably study nematodes that cause disease in humans (such as increase in Michigan, as se elephantiasis) or in our pets (such as dog heartworm). In vere defoliation occurs in addition, there are several species of nematodes that are more and more areas, and parasites on insects, and thus ho,d great promise in biological people request that "some control programs. For example, one species of Steinernema thing be done." Considering this need, the State has appro that invades and kills white grub larvae is being tested on priated funds for a Gypsy Moth Educational Coordinator, Michigan golf courses for control against this turf pest. It is in considering that by providing proper knowledge and train the a rea of bio-control where nema tologi sts and entomo logi sts ing, rationale control decisions will be made. should work more closely.
t, 1990 ff!J{gOO'l~/L,{gIT{gff{J of the MICHIGAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Annual Meeting Photos
(Right to left, top to bottom) 1-3. Chippewa Nature Center near Midland; 4. interesting reading; 5. Bob Morgan, Gene Kenaga and Kay Kenaga at registration; 6. Dick Roeper, Dan Henns, Mo Nielsen & Kelly Johnson at break; 7. Luanne Gogolin, Dick Taylor and AI Bratt in the buffet line; 8. the auditorium filling; 9. Mo Nielsen presenting the good financial news; 10. local wildlife; 11. the marsh boardwalk; 12. Dick Snider transferring the presidential gavel to Gene Kenaga. Family Buglover's Day
(Right to left, top to bottom) 1. Mo Nielsen, Gene Kenaga & Mark O'Brien playing Computer Insect Games; 2. Gary Dunn presenting door prizes; 3. Mo Nielsen organizing an Insect Safari; 4. Jeff Rauf studying Aquatic Bugs; 5. An amazed Bug Bingo winner; 6. Sheridan Haack revealing the secret lives of Aquatic Bugs; 7. Cora Gorsuch identifying the Microscopic Bugs; 8. Bug Bingo in action; 9. More Micro scopic Bugs; 10. The Insect A rt Gallery; 11. Mealworm Races, first to the edge wins!; 12. The display board with Jeff Rauf. Wetland Butterflies in Michigan Larval Foodplants Vaccinium corymbosum Highbush blueberry (Sp) 2 Potentilla fruticosa Shrubby cinquefoil (ES) Fen and Marsh Apocynum cannabinum Dogbane (ES) Lephelisca (Calephelis) 1 muticum Cirsium muticum Asclepias incarnata Swamp milkweed (ES, LS) Lycaena (Epidemia) dorcas Potentilla fruticosa Valeriana uliginosa Valerian (ES) L. (E.) helloides Polygonum Cephalanthus occidantalis Buttonbush (ES) amphibium Eupatorium Joe-pye weed (LS) L. (Hyllolycaena) hyllus Rumex Vernonia Ironweed (LS) Strymon (Satyrium) acadica Salix Aster Aster (LS) Boloria (Clossiana) selene Viola Iris versicolor Sweet flag (Sp, ES) Euphydryas phaeton Chelone (other plants Pontederia cordata Pickerel-weed (ES) in spring and in uplands) 2 1 Alternative generic names are given in parentheses. Chlosyne (Charidryas) harrisii Aster 2 Larvae occur on larval food plants in upland sitesas well. Nymphalis antiopa Salix 2 3 Large stands of foodplants occur in alluvial forests and Lethe (Satyrodes) eurydice Carex uplands. Adults occur mainly in uplands. Ancyloxophya numitor Gramineae 4 Wetland butterflies are commonly found in nearby up Oarisma powesheik Gramineae lands feeding on upland flowers, and upland butterflies Poanes massasoit Carex commonly obtain nectar from wetland flowers. P. viator Carex I am indebted to Mogens C. Nielsen for his expert advice. Euphyes conspicua Carex Warren Herb Wagner, Jr., University of Michigan E. dion Carex E. bimacula Carex A Wetland Primer E. dukesii Carex lacustris Wetlands are the most productive natural habitats we have in Michigan and some different types are: Bog and Conifer Swamp Fens: Pieris napi (Artogeia) napi Arabis Fens are soggy lowlands fed primarily by mineral-rich, Colias interior Vaccinium 2 alkaline groundwater, and characterized by sedges, wme Callophrys Uncisalia) augustinus Ericaceae 2 grasses, and low shrubs. A fen's water, slow flow, mineral Lycaena (Epidemia) epixanthe Vaccinium oxycoccus make-up, and plants all contribute to limit decomposition, Euptychia (Neonympha) mitchellii Carex thus accumulating true peat. Fens occur along edges of small Oeneis jutta Gramineae lakes and depressions. Boloria (Clossiana) frigga Ericaceae B. (Proclossiana) eunomia Unknown Marshes: B. (Clossiana) freija Ericaceae Marshes occur along shores of large lakes or rivers. Chang Erebia discoidalis Eriophorum ing water levels, currents, or waves keep marshes well aer ated so that dead plant material decomposes completely and Hardwood Swamp quickly. Cattails, reeds, sedges, and grasses dominate. Lethe (Enodia) anthedon Gramineae Bogs: L. (Satyrodes) appalachia Carex Bogs commonly develop in lakes or depressions where Polygonia progne Ribes 2 neither winds or currents can aerate the water, and where P. comma Urticaceae 2 most or all water comes from precipitation, making them P. interrogationis Urticaceae 2 mineral-poor. These conditions lead to sedge-formed peat on Feniseca tarquinius Aphididae (esp. on the lake perimeter, eventually growing out over the water, Alnus) 2 forming a floating mat. Sphagnum mosses inhabitating the mat acidify the surrounding peat and water. This acidity Alluvial Forest further slows decomposition, encouraging more peat to ac Papilio (Eurytides) marcellus Asimina triloba cumulate, and the mat to grow, and eventually fill in. Car P. (Battus) philenor Aristolochia nivorous plants, black spruce, orchids, and leatherleaf are serpentaria 3 common in bogs. Swamps: 4 Some Major Wetland Nectaring Flowers Swamps are wetlands dominated by trees or shrubs that (Sp =spring; ES =early summer; LS = late summer) form along smaller creeks, slower-moving rivers, or farther back from the edges of lakes. Their slow water flows aerate Caltha palustris Marsh marigold (Sp) water marginally, partially decomposing organic materials, Chamaedaphne calyculata Leatherleaf (Sp) forming mucky soils.
~ August, 1990 fMrg Wfl~fLrgITrgrm of the MICHIGAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY _ Urticating Hairs and Other Stuff
In May of 1981, public health officials Dr. John Anderson, an entomologist setae and indicate the kinds of caterpil in several Connecticut cities began to with the Connecticut Agricultural Ex lar hairs that most likely caused the wonder if they had some kind of con periment Station, and Dr. William irritation. tagiOUS skin rash on their hands. The Furniss, a physician with the Bristol Children exhibiting symptoms of "urticaria" or hives epidemic, as it was Burlington Health District, documented urticaria displayed two types of lesions, called, was eventually traced to the small the epidemic of gypsy moth urticaria in primarily on exposed parts of the body, larvae of the gypsy moth. A couple of an issue of the Journal of Medical Enlasting from 2 to 7 days. Hives devel years later, the municipal water supply tomology. School children in three dif oped mostly on arms and necks, al of Rochester, New York became con though people of all ages also had them taminated with choloform bacteria be on the back, abdomen, legs, forehead, cause gypsy moth caterpillars and their "In the early 80's w e chin, eyelids, face and wrists. Most vic excrement had been deposited into a experienced the most tims had discrete wheals (hives) that reservoir in enormous quantities. Both ranged in size from 0.7 to 1.3 cm in discoveries concerni nggypsymoth were extensive gypsy moth diameter accompanied by zones of substantiation that the insect does more outbreak in the history erythema (redness) of variable size. than just defoliate trees and scare the Sometimes symptoms were less severe daylights out of little kids and unsus of the United States." and appeared more like a classical con pecting adults. tact dermatitis. In all cases fevers did not Setae (caterpillar hairs) and spines of - Gary Simmons develop, although arms swelled in 2 many moth and butterfly caterpillars instances. Skin eruptions were evident are known to cause hives, dermatitis, from 2 to 24 hours after patients re itching and in a few instances even to ferent school systems, Newton, Bristol membered coming in contact with the send a victim into anaphylactic shock. and Burlington, exhibited 7.2%, 10.8% small caterpillars. Most patients com Entomologists know these caterpillars and 5.1% incidence, respectively, of plained of intense i tchingand many were as possessing "urticating hairs," the urticaria or hives during the month of trea ted with skin lotions such asZiradryl name given to setae with nettle-like May, 1981 . Anderson and Furniss traced or Caladry1. qualities. Included among the 15 species the epidemic to the period of time when Water contamination is a little more of caterpillars that have this reputation gypsy moth caterpillars were hatching bizarre than urticating hairs. In the early in the United States are the Douglas-fir and being dispersed by the wind. It oc 80's we experienced the most extensive tussock moth, the puss caterpillar, the curred at a time when peak outbreaks of gypsy moth outbreak in the history of spiny elm caterpillar, the saddleback gypsy moth were present in Connecticut the United States. These outbreaks re caterpillar, the milkweed moth, the buck and other areas in the Northeast. They sulted in unprecedented numbers of moth and the gypsy moth. reported onfurther analysis of ca terpillar wandering, dying and putrefying cat erpillars. I suppose anytime you have so much of anything you're bound to dis cover effects just of sheer numbers. This was the case with the Rochester water ::;:.; TW:2,:::;:~~YJ::::~~§ ·.·.· ~~f~e·f§ :'· ....·.:···.·· ., ..." supply. Caterpillars were so numerous ::::~::~::~:::::~i::::::::~:;;~~~:::::~j;:· that unusual numbers found their way into the reservoir resulting in high bac .,.,.,','.... ,. Pr~~ld~rit-Eie c CFf@~iic~w . SfehiiJA ssista.ntChairperson of the terial counts. >< Depf.of Entomology,·a nd ChairpersOn of Graduate·Admissions for the Eventually, of course, outbreaks of Dept. of Entomology, Mi£higan St~te tJ'ni versi ty. He has a B.S. in Zoology gypsy moths decline and numbers are irqrn" Ohio Uruygrsityartd M~ $; and Ph:b. degrees in Entomology from the reduced, bringing things back to normal. . " th#y~r~ty Q(M i pil~ ta , His reseatd(interests include: Systematics of ' This, too, was the case in Rochester and iJl'\ll\afur ~ · in~t s; ~ha systeIl\a ti cs of Laslocampidae; ecology,·bi ological in Connecticu t and in manyother places ·..:. cBKfr21 ..~1}9 ~ ~'~ ..m~ ~. gem~n t . as well. We on the leading edge ofgypsy moth have much yet to look forward to .... M~tP~: ~~t~i~i~ge, Ca the~h~M : 'BristOw is an AssistantProfessor in · urticating hairs and other stuff espe cially.
Gary Simmons, Entomology :: ~lfltiiiil~J~~~~E.~~~;':~ ·· Michigan State University HiiiHii]U:::: ',', .. ".; ...... -...... :-:.:.::~;:::::::-
_ August, 1990 fl:!J{g rw;~/l,,{gIT{g[f{l of the MICHIGAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY -.J Periodical Cicadas Emerged in Northern Illinois
Having been underground for more or weaken them so that they than a decade as nymphs feeding on the break off in the wind. Older root sap of trees and shrubs, the adults treesand shrubs mayappear of the periodical cicada, incorrectly called to be severely damaged but locusts by many people, emerged in the will survive without lasting spring of 1990 in northern Illinois. In the injury. Very young trees, predawn hours of the last days of May those with trunk diameters through the fi rst days of June, the inch of less than 1 1/2 inches, may long, brown nymphs tunnel their way be killed or severely dam out of the soil and climb the trunks of aged. trees (or other vertical surfaces). A few Very young trees can be feet up the trunk, their skins split down protected by covering them the back and the lime green and white with screening, cheesecloth, adults emerge. The brown shells of the or mesh bags such as those nymphs remain on the trunk for several used in shipping onions. The days before falling to the ground, where mesh should besecurely tied they eventually break apart. around the base of the trunk Sitting head-upward on the trunk, to keep cicadas from crawl the wet cicadas dry and their outside ingunderneath the mesh and coverings cure and tan; their green and up the trunk. Spraying trees white bodies tum black, their eyes are with carbaryl, sold as Sevin, red, and their clear wings are marked will protect them from a t with orange veins. tack for a few days. Unless During sunny hours of the day, the trees are very small and a males sing to attract the voiceless fe males large number of cicadas are to them. The 11 /4-inch-Iongcicadasmate present, control measures during June, and the females lay their will probably not be neces eggs into slits that they have cut into the sary. Distribution of the northern Illinois twigs and branches of trees and shrubs. Eggs tha t were laid in June brood of periodical cicadas. When large numbers of cicadas are hatch into nymphs six or present, these slits can be numerous seven weeks later; by this time the adults a 17-year cycle. In central Illinois, some enough to kill some twigs and branches have died. These youngnymphsdrop to broods are from the shorter and others the ground, tunnel into the from the longer life cycle. soil, and find a tree or shrub Annual or dogday cicadas are over 1 root on which to feed. Either 1/2 inches long, larger than periodical 13 or 17 years will pass be cicadas. The adults are green or brown fore these insects again ap with black markings and appear each pear above ground. year from July to September but in In June 1990, periodical smaller numbers than the periodical ci ··".The -bug from BrboklYn q~Sbigg~ t. ::.:.: .. cicadas in Ill inois emerged cada. They tend to sing in the evening, ... _A --- 1.88-inch cockroach found ina north of a line running from about sunset. Their nymphs, like those :- BroOklyi\ apartIrleIlt defeated entrieS from Rock Island County south to of the periodical cicada, are brown but
T exasand Flori. d. a . to bedecl. .ared . . this year's northern Sangamon County are over an inch long and usually feed largest ~pecirr1. ~n ...... ',' and then north to northern on the sap of tree roots for two to five Bu~ the creepy crawler di'(t ~o t t~pple ...... Iroquois County. These in years. the 2-mch-plus mark set by · a specuJ\cp_··,·,···· sects are a 17 year brood that from Florida in 1987 .. - .... last emerged in 1973. Other Philip L. Nixon, Extension Entomologist, - The roach waS given the award post broods of cicadas occur in Illinois Natural History Survey humously. The m an w ho found the other partsofIllinois. Gener Periplaneta americana in his home, Peter ally, cicadas in the southern Roman, won $1 ,000 and a lifetime supply half of Illinois go through a ofroach killer from CombatRoach Control 13 year life cycle and those in System. the northern half experience .'....'.-.. ..
August, 1990 fJ!Jrg MVI~fLrgITrg[fJ of the MICHIGAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY M.E.S. \})\. New Members
APSEY, ROBERT P., 3900 Mayfield · ····~iibdiVid~;dhi$ habitatbufaft~f The Dou.gSu therland (who chairsthe Ert~ N .E., Apt. 1-1, Grand Rapids, MI MM\~ tth Ptb'~H tFriehd5 .: 0£ th~tom ot
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_ August, 1990 IMfE OOf~fLfEITfE[fJ of the MICHIGAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY iIIIIII Michigan Entomological Society Michigan Entomological Society . Financial Statement Statement of Financial Condition 12 Months Ending 31 December 1989 as of31 December 1989 (Period of1 Jan. 1989 to 31 Dec. 1989) Receipts Savings Account Interest ...... $ 1,827.10 Assets Dues ...... 3,451.00 Current Assets Subscriptions, The Great Lakes Entomologist ...... 2,083.00 Cash on Hand ...... $24,765.93 Sale of Separates to Authors ...... 1,458.00 Accounts Receivable ...... 2,430.61 Sale of Back Issues, Journal and Newsletter ...... 432.48 Prepayrrtents (Postal Fee) ...... 60.00 Subsidy (page costs) ...... 3,295.00 Inventories: Annual Meeting Prepayments (Meals) ...... 771.50 Postage ...... $ 10.50 Donations, Decals, Misc. Income ...... 94.50 Supplies, Equipment ...... 350.00 Total Receipts ...... $ 13,41 2.58 Newsletters, at cost (est.) ...... 300.00 The Great Lakes Entomologist, l>is~rse~ts at cost (est) ...... 2,500.00 Banking Charges ...... $ 19.11 Total Inventory ...... 3,160.50 Publication Expenses: Total Current Assets ...... ••••...... $30,417.04 Newsletter, print and mail ...... $ 966.49 Journal, compose, print, mail ..... 11,008.41 11,974.90 Liabilities Postage, Mailing Fees, Current Liabilities Mailing Permits ...... 158.79 Life Memberships (9) ...... $ 2,520.00 Graphics Misc. Services/Printing ...... 2,11 1.83 Prepaid subscriptions: Supplies, Equipment ...... 144.49 Volume 23 ...... $1,618.00 Annual Meeting Expenses ...... 1,573.40 Volume 24 ...... 150.00 1,768.00 Misc. (Copyrights, 4-H Foundation, Bond, etc.) ...... 496.00 Prepaid dues ...... 1,811 .00 Total D isbursements ...... $16,478.52 Total Current Liabilities ...... 6,099.00 Surplus ...... 24,318.04 Mempership: As of 31 December 1989, the Society Total ...... $30,417.04 had 461 members in good standing-compared to 438 on December 1988. Monies of the Society, 31 December 1989 Subscriptions: As of 31 December 1989 there Petty Cash ...... 8.54 were 160 paid subscriptions to The Great Lakes Checking Account ...... 2,492.87 Entomologist. Savings Account ...... 22,264.52 $24,765.93 Monies of the Society, 31 Dec. 1988 M.e. Nielsen, Executive Secretary (last fiscal report) ...... 27,482.04
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