Ground-Water Conditions and Studies in Georgia, 2004–2005 Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5017 David C
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Ground-Water Conditions and Studies in Georgia, 2004 – 2005 Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5017 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Cover photograph: Big Spring, Gordon County, Georgia Photograph by Alan M. Cressler, U.S. Geological Survey, 2006 Ground-Water Conditions and Studies in Georgia, 2004 – 2005 By David C. Leeth, Michael F. Peck, and Jaime A. Painter Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5017 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior DIRK KEMPTHORNE, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Mark D. Myers, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2007 For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services Box 25286, Denver Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 For more information about the USGS and its products: Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/ Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. Suggested citation: Leeth, D.C., Peck, M.F., and Painter, J.A., 2007, Ground-Water Conditions and Studies in Georgia, 2004– 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5017, 299 p., publication available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5017/. iii Contents Abstract ...........................................................................................................................................................1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................3 Purpose and Scope ..............................................................................................................................3 Methods of Analysis, Sources of Data, and Data Accuracy .........................................................5 Georgia Well-Naming System ............................................................................................................6 Cooperating Organizations and Agencies ........................................................................................7 Ground-Water Resources ...................................................................................................................8 Permitted Water-Use Data for Georgia during 2005 and Ground-Water-Use Trends for 2001 – 2005 .........................................................................12 Ground-Water Conditions ...........................................................................................................................14 Ground-Water Levels .........................................................................................................................14 Surficial Aquifer System ...........................................................................................................16 Brunswick Aquifer System .......................................................................................................18 Upper Floridan Aquifer ..............................................................................................................20 Southwestern Area ..........................................................................................................22 City of Albany–Dougherty County Area ........................................................................24 South-Central Area ...........................................................................................................26 East-Central Area .............................................................................................................28 Northern Coastal Area .....................................................................................................30 Central Coastal Area ........................................................................................................32 City of Brunswick Area ....................................................................................................34 Southern Coastal Area .....................................................................................................36 Lower Floridan Aquifer and Underlying Units in Coastal Georgia .....................................38 Claiborne and Gordon Aquifers ...............................................................................................40 Clayton Aquifer ...........................................................................................................................42 Cretaceous Aquifer System .....................................................................................................44 Paleozoic-Rock Aquifers ..........................................................................................................46 Crystalline-Rock Aquifers .........................................................................................................48 Ground-Water Quality of the Upper and Lower Floridan Aquifers .............................................51 City of Albany Area ....................................................................................................................52 City of Savannah Area ..............................................................................................................54 City of Brunswick Area .............................................................................................................56 Camden County Area ................................................................................................................58 Selected Ground-Water Studies in Georgia, 2004 – 2005 .......................................................................61 Assessment of Ground-Water Flow near the Savannah River Site, Georgia and South Carolina ................................................................................................62 City of Albany Cooperative Water Program ...................................................................................64 City of Brunswick and Glynn County Cooperative Water Program ............................................66 Georgia Coastal Sound Science Initiative ......................................................................................68 iv Effects of Impoundment of Lake Seminole on Water Resources in the Lower Apalachicola– Chattahoochee–Flint River Basin and in Parts of Alabama, Florida, and Georgia ........................................................................70 Hydrogeologic Assessment and Simulation of Stream-Aquifer Relations in the Lower Apalachicola–Chattahoochee–Flint River Basin ......................................72 Ground-Water Information and Project Support ...........................................................................74 Ground-Water Resources and Hydrogeology of Crystalline-Rock Aquifers in Rockdale County, North-Central Georgia ......................................................................76 Sustainability of Ground-Water Resources in the City of Lawrenceville Area ........................78 Technical Highlights ...........................................................................................................................81 Potentiometric Surface of the Upper Floridan Aquifer in the Southwestern Albany Area, Georgia, 1998–2005, Based on Revised Land-Surface Altitudes by Debbie Warner Gordon ..........................................................................................82 Hydrogeology, Hydraulic Properties, and Water Quality of the Surficial and Brunswick Aquifer Systems, McIntosh County, Georgia, May and November 2004 by Sherlyn Priest ..........................................................................................................93 Hydrogeology, Hydraulic Properties, and Water Quality of the Surficial and Brunswick Aquifer Systems Near the City of Ludowici, Long County, Georgia, July 2003 by Sherlyn Priest and Gregory S. Cherry ................................................................102 Influence of Low-Angle Lithologic Contacts and Thrust Faults on Ground-Water Flow in a Crystalline-Rock Aquifer System, Rockdale County, Georgia by Lester J. Williams and Alan M. Cressler ...........................................................110 Selected Ground-Water Publications, Conferences, and Outreach, 2004 – 2005 ............................120 Introduction........................................................................................................................................120 Georgia Water-Resources Conference for 2005..........................................................................120 Other Conferences and Outreach Events .....................................................................................120 Selected USGS Reports and Conference Proceedings Articles .............................................120 USGS Reports ...........................................................................................................................120 2005 Georgia Water Resources Conference Proceedings Papers .................................121 Appendix. Graphical and Statistical Summaries of Water Levels from Wells in Georgia .........123 VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL DATUMS Vertical coordinate information is referenced to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88). Historical data collected and stored as National Geodetic