REPORT
OF THE SPECIAL COMMITTEE AGAINST APARTHEID
t 1 ) GENERAL ASSEMBLY l' \ , OFFICIAL RECORDS: THIRTY-EIGHTH SESSION
SUPPLEMENT No. 22 (A/38/22) l,
Ir UNITED NATIONS
New York, 1983 1\ 1 1I.:...'.•.·.... ) 1,
NOTE
Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with figures. Mention of such a symbol indicates a reference to a United Nations document.
<1. ) ~ .
\ 'It , [Original: English}
[18 October 1983)
CONTENTS
Paragraphs
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL ...... It ..... vii
I.. INTRODUCTION .. 1 - 9 1
II. REVIEW OF THE WORK OF THE SPECIAL COMMITTEE .. .. 10 - 226 3
A. Action taken by the General Assembly at its thirty- seventh session ••••••.•.•..••••••••••••••••••....••••. 10 - 12 3
B. International Year of Mobilization for sanctions against South Africa ••••..••••••••••••••••..•.•.••••.• 13 - 15 3
C. Action against South Africa's aggression against independent African States •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 16 - 32 4
1. General ...... 16 - 21 4
2. Mission of the Special Committee to front-line States •••••••.••••••••••.••••.••••.••••••••.•.••.• 22 - 32 5
D. Action taken against military, nuclear and economic collaboration with South Africa ••••••••••••••••••••••• 33 - 83 7
1. Conference of West European Parliamentarians on Sanctions against South Africa •••••••••••••••••••• 34 - 50 7
2. International Conference of Trade Unions on Sanctions and Other Actions against the Apartheid Reg ime .. 51 - 62 9
3. International Conference on the Alliance between South Africa and Israel •••.••••••.•••·.••.••...•••• 63 - 73 11
4. Hearing of United states State legislators on divestment activities ...... 74 - 75 13 5. Implementation of an oil embargo ...... 76 - 79 13
6. Action against the IMF loan to South Africa ...... 80 - 83 14
-iii- CONTENTS (continued) Paragraphs Page , E. Action against apartheid in sports ••••••••••••••••••• 84 - 98 15
1. International COnference on Sanctions against Apartheid in Sports •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 84 - 91 15 1 \' 2. Register of Sports Contacts with South Africa, 1 July-31 December 1982 •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 92 - 95 16 ~ I 3. Other activities ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 96 - 98 16 i F. Action against apartheid in the cultural field ••••••• 99 - 104 17 1. Hearings on the cultural boycott against South Africa ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 99 - 100 17 j 2. International art exhibit against apartheid by J the Committee of Artists of the World against I Apartheid •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 101 - 104 17 1 G. Action concerning women and children under apartheid. 105 - 113 18
1. Mission to France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Italy and Tunisia •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 106 - 110 18
2. Mission to the Federal Republic of Germany, Denmark, Norway, Finland and Sweden •••••••••••••• III - 112 19
3. Other action •••••.••••.••••.••••••••••••••••••••• 113 19
H. Action concerning assistance to the oppressed people of South Africa and their national liberation JlC)vement ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 114 - 116 19
I. Campaign against repression and for the release of all political prisoners in South Africa •••••••••••••••••• 117 - 133 20
J. Dissemination of information against apartheid ••••••• 134 - 135 22 k. Missions of the Chairman to Governments •••••••••••••• 136 - 156 23
1. Mission to Egypt ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 136 - 140 23 2. Mission to the German Democratic Republic . . 141 - 150 24 3. Mission to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 151 - 156 25
-iv- '&,u.
CONTENTS (continued)
Paragraphs page L. Encouragement of public action against apartheid ..... 157 - 180 26 1. International Non-Governmental Organizations Conference on Action against Apartheid and Racism ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 158 - 167 27
2. Second World Conmference to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 168 - 175 28
3. Meeting of the Special Committee with representatives of mass media •••••••••••••••••••• 176 29
4. Other activities ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 177 - 180 29
M. Observance of the twentieth anniversary of the first meeting of the Special Committee and special session to discuss the role of international solidarity and action in support of the struggle for liberation in South Africa ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 181 - 189 30
N. Observance of international days ••••••••••••••••••••• 190 - 214 32
1. Day of Solidarity with South African Political Prisoners (11 October 1982) •••••••••••••••••••••• 190 - 198 32
2. International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (21 March 1983) ••••••••••••••••••• 199 - 205 33
3. International Day of Solidarity with the Struggling People of South Africa (16 June 1983) • 206 - 211 34
4. International Day of Solidarity with the Struggle of Women of South Africa and Namibia (9 August 1983) •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 212 - 214 34 o. Special meeting in memory of the Reverend Canon L. John Collins •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 215 -220 35
P. Representation at conferences and messages to conferences •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••• 221 - 222 35
1. Representation at conferences and meetings ••••••• 221 35
Messages of the Special Committee to international and national conferences ...... 222 38 Q. Co-operation with other united Nations bodies and with other organizations •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 223 - 226 38
-v-
~ ,i!ri CONTENTS Paragraphs Page j III. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 227 - 371 40 ,. I A. Introduction .•.••••••.••••.••••••••••••••••••••••.••• 227 - 242 40 B. Credibility of the united Nations at stake ••••••••••• 243 - 255 42 I C. Main collaborators with apartheid •••••••••••••••••••• 256 - 267 44 i D. Apartheid survives because of assistance to it ••••••• 268 - 283 45 E. Path to a peaceful solution ...... 284 - 293 47 F. contribution of the Special Committee •••••••••••••••• 294 - 303 49 j G. Strategy for international action •••••••••••••••••••• 304 - 315 50 H. Programme of action against apartheid •••••••••••••••• 316 - 321 52 I. Commitment by the united Nations family of agencies •• 322 - 327 53 J. Consideration of the legal status of South Africa •••• 328 - 330 53 K. Sanctions against South Africa ••••••••••••••••••••••• 331 - 337 54 L. Assistance to the oppressed people of South Africa and their national liberation movement and to the independent African States in southern Africa •••••••• 338 - 343 55 M. Public information and promotion of public action against apartheid ...... 344 - 347 55 N. Concerted action by committed States and organizations 348 - 353 56 ~ o. Work of the Special Committee against Apartheid and the Centre against Apartheid ...... 354 - 364 57 1 P. A challenge to the international community ...... 365 - 371 58 ... ANNEXES I. Review of developments in South Africa from July 1982 to August 1983.. 62 11. List of statements issued by the Special Committee •••••••••••••••••••• 100 , ~ 111. List of documents of the Special Committee •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 102 I -vi- LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL 12 September 1983 Sir, I have the honour to send you herewith the annual report of the Special Committee against Apartheid, which was adopted unanimously by the Special Committee on 12 September 1983. This report is submitted to the General Assembly and the Security Council in accordance with the relevant provisions of General Assembly resolutions 2671 (XXV) of 8 December 1970 and 37/69 A to J of 9 December 1982. Accept, Sir, the assurances of my highest consideration. (Signed) Uddhav Deo BHATT Acting Chairman of the Special Committee against Apartheid His Excellency Mr. Javier Perez de Cuellar Secretary-General of the United Nations New York ------"" I. INTRODUCTION 1. The Special Committee against Apartheid, established by the General Assembly by resolution 1761 (XVII) of 6 November 1962, is now composed of the following 18 Member States: Algeria India Philippines German Democratic Republic Indonesia Somalia Ghana Malaysia Sudan Guinea Nepal Syrian Arab Republic Haiti Nigeria Trinidad and Tobago Hungary Peru Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic 2. At its 5l4th meeting, on 17 March 1983, the Special Committee unanimously re-elected Alhaji Yusuff Maitama-Sule (Nigeria) as its Chairman, Mr. Uddhav Deo Bhatt (Nepal) and Mr. Vladimir Kravets (Ukrainian Soviet Socialist RepUblic) as its Vice-Chairmen and Mr. Gervais Charles (Haiti) as Rapporteur. 3. The Special Committee also re-elected Mr. James Victor Gbeho (Ghana) as Chairman of its Sub-Committee on the Implementation of United Nations Resolutions and Collaboration with South Africa and elected Mr. Madjid Bouguerra (Algeria) as Chairman of the Sub-Committee on Petitions and Information. 4. The Sub-Committee on the Implementation of united Nations Resolutions and Collaboration with South Africa is composed of Ghana (Chairman), Hungary, India, Peru and the Sudan, and the Sub-Committee on Petitions and Information is composed of Algeria (Chairman), the German Democratic Republic, Nepal, Somalia and Trinidad and Tobago. 5. In order to assist in promoting action on specific aspects of the campaigns against apartheid, the Special Committee established two task forcesl (a) the Task Force on Women and Children under Apartheid, composed of India, the Philippines, the Sudan and Trinidad and Tobago, with Mrs. Maria Lourdes Ramiro-Lopez (Philippines) as Chairman, and (b) the Task Force on Political Prisoners, composed of the German Democratic Republic, India, Peru and Somalia, with Mr. Rajendra Singh Rathore (India) as Chairman. 6. In pursuance of General Assembly resolution 37/69 F of 9 December 1982, the I11 Special Committee submitted on 14 September 1983, for the attention of the General Assembly and the Security Council, a special report on recent developments 1 concerning relations between Israel and South Africa. J 7. At its 527th meeting, held on 12 September 1983, the Special Committee decided unanimously to submit the present report to the General Assembly and the Security I Council. It consists ofl (a) A review of the work of the Special Committee, 1 (b) Conclusions and recommendations of the Special Committee, I (c) A review of developments in South Africa during the period under consideration, 1 (d) A list of documents of the Special Committee. 1\ I -1- 1 8. The Special Committee wishes to place on record its gratitude to the Secretary-General for his abiding interest in its work. The Special Committee also wishes to express its deep appreciation to the States members of the Organization of African Unity, the non-aligned States, the socialist States, the specialized agencies of the United Nations, the two South African liberation movements, namely, the African National Congress of South Africa and the Pan-Africanist Congress of Azania, and numerous non-governmenta~ organizations for their continued support of the work of the committee. 9. The Special Committee also wishes to express its deep appreciation to the Assistant Secretary-General for Centre against Apartheid, Mr. E. S. Reddy, to the secretariat of the Special Committee and to all other members of the Centre against Apartheid for their efficient and devoted service. -2- 11. REVIEW OF THE WORK OF THE SPECIAL COMMITTEE A. Action taken by the General Assembly at its thirty-seventh session 10. During its thirty-seventh session, the General Assembly considered the item "Policies of apartheid of the Government of South Africa" in 19 plenary meetings between 1 OCtober and 14 December 1982. It adopted with overwhelming majorities the following 13 resolutions relating to various aspects of apartheid, based mainly on the recommendations of the Special Committee: ·Situation in South Africa" (37/69 A), "Concerted international action for the elimination of apartheid" (37/69 B), "Comprehensive and mandatory sanctions against South Africa" (37/69 C), "Military and nuclear collaboration with South Africa" (37/69 D), "Programme of work of the Special COmmittee against Apartheid" (37/69 E), "Relations between Israel and South Africa" (37/69 F), "Apartheid in sports" (37/69 G), "Investments in South Africa" (37/69 H), "united Nations Trust Fund for South Africa" (37/69 I), and ·Oil embargo against SOuth Africa" (37/69 J). It also adopted resolution 37/1 ·Appeal for clemency in favour of South African freedom fighters", resolution 37/2 ·SOuth Africa's application for credit from the International Monetary Fund", resolution 37/68 "Further appeal for clemency in favour of South African freedom fighters", and resolution 37/101 "Invasion of Lesotho by South Africa". 11. In accordance with these resolutions the Special COmmittee redoubled its efforts during the past year in promoting both sanctions against the apartheid regime and assistance to the national liberation movement of South Africa, in mobilizing world public opinion in support of the struggle for the liberation of South Africa, and in campaigns for the release of Nelson Mandela and other political prisoners in South Africa. l2~ In view of the escalation by the Pretoria regime of acts of aggression, destabilization and terrorism against neighbouring States, the Special Committee gave special attention to supporting independent African States. B. International Year of MObilization for Sanctions against South Africa 13. Resolution 37/69 C of 9 December 1982 requested all Governments and organizations to continue activities in implementation of the programme for the International Year of Mobilization for Sanctions against South Africa 1/ beyond 1982. It requested and authorized the Special Committee to intensify its activities for the total isolation of the racist regime of South Africa and for promoting comprehensive and mandatory sanctions against South Africa. 14. The Special Committee organized or cosponsored several conferences in further implementation of the programme of the International Year of Mobilization for Sanctions against South Africa and in preparation for the Second World Conference of Action to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination. 15. It intensified consultations and co-operation with Governments and organizations in order to promote concerted action against apartheid. 1 I -3- 1 C. Action against south Africa's aggression against independent African states 1. General 16. The Special Committee has been seriously concerned over the ominous escalation of acts of aggression, destabilization and terrorism waged by the South African regime against independent African States since 1975. Clear evidence of the aggressive nature of the apartheid regime is the sharp rise in the number of military operations carried out openly by South African forces, especially in Angola, Mozambique and Lesotho, as well as covert activities involving the use of mercenaries and subversive groups, assassination and abduction of individuals, and the destruction of bridges, road and rail lines, oil pipelines, fuel depots and power lines in several neighbouring States. 17. The Special Committee repeatedly drew the attention of the international community to the serious situation in southern Africa reSUlting from the aggressive policy of the South African regime. It stressed that the world confronted in southern Africa not only a threat to international peace but repeated breaches of the peace and acts of aggression against independent African States. 18. The Special Committee has repeatedly and strongly condemned the criminal and massive aggressive acts by the apartheid regime against neighbouring States. It urged the Security COuncil to take effective measures, under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, to force South Africa to end its criminal acts of aggression and terminate its illegal occupation of Namibia. It noted that the apartheid regime had been encouraged to undertake those criminal acts by the protection afforded by major Western Powers against international sanctions. 19. On 9 December 1982, the racist regime of South Africa launched a raid into Lesotho, ostensibly against members of the African National COngress of South Africa, killing 30 persons, including five women and two children, and wounding many others. In a statement on the same day the Acting Chairman of the Special Committee said: "This cowardly and criminal act of aggression against Lesotho and the massacre of civilians are reminiscent of the crimes of nazism. It follows a series of similar acts against the People's Republic of Angola and the raid against Matola in Mozambique in January 1981. "These acts confirm the conclusion of the Special Committee that the apartheid regime is an incorrigible, aggressive and terrorist regime, and that there can be no peace or stability in southern Africa unless that regime is destroyed and the South African people are enabled to establish a democratic society. It has been encouraged in its crimes by the protection and collaboration of certain major Powers in defiance of United Nations resolutions." 11 20. He called on all Governments and organizations to take urgent action to condemn this criminal act of aggression by the racist regime of South Africa, to assist Lesotho and other independent African States for the defence of their sovereignty, and to provide all necessary assistance to the national liberation movement of South Africa. -4- ""lIpII1iIIIIIIII ...... ~_~ " ~_=·~_' ~ 21. Having learned with shock that the South African regime had bombed Maputo on 23 May 1983, the Chairman of the Special Committee issued a statement condemning the attack as an act of brigandage reminiscent of nazism. He said: -How long will the western Powers condone such crimes with little more than verbal condemnations? By their continued protection of the Pretoria r'gime and opposition to sanctions against it, they undermine the fabric of international law and morality, as well as the authority of the United Nations. L -The attacks by South Africa against front-line States are acts of aggression against Africa and indeed the international community. They must be prevented by decisive international action. -The desperate moves by the racists to widen conflict in southern Africa will not succeed in containing the growing resistance of the South African people against racist domination and terror. They will only persuade the international community to redouble assistance to the oppressed people, since the triumph of freedom is the only reliable means to secure peace and 1 stability in southern Africa.- l/ 2. Mission of the Special Committee to front-line States 22. In view of the escalating aggression by the Pretoria regime, the Special Committee considered it essential to step up activities in order to inform world public opinion of the situation and to encourage Governments and public organizations to redouble support to the front-line States. It agreed that consultations at a high level with the Governments of front-line States and the national liberation movements of southern Africa were essential for the purpose. 23. It decided to send a delegation to the front-line States to obtain full information on the acts of aggression, terrorism and destabilization by the racist r'gime of South Africa against independent African States, to consult with the Governments on possible action by the Special Committee and to publicize the situation and promote political and material assistance to front-line States. 24. The first mission of the Special Committee took place from 7 to 21 April 1983. Mr. Mohamed Sahnoun, Permanent Representative of Algeria to the United Nations, led the delegation which included Mr. J. S. Teja, Additional Secretary, Ministry of External Affairs, New Delhi, India, Mr. Hernan Cbuturier, Alternate Permanent Representative of Peru to the united Nations, and Mr. willi Schlegel, Counsellor of the Permanent Mission of the German Democratic Republic to the united Nations. The delegation visited zimbabwe, Zambia, the United Republic of Tanzania, Botswana and Angola. y , 25. The programme of the mission included high-level consultations with government officials in the countries concerned as well as meetings with the presidents and chairmen of the liberation movements of southern Africa. In all the front-line States visited the mission held consultations with the Ministers for Foreign Affairs. The delegation was received by the Head of State in both zambia and Botswana. 26. The mission's wide-ranging discussions with the leaders and senior officials, as well as the evidence gathered on the spot, clearly point to the dangerous course -5- 1 p ...... = on which the South African regime has embarked through aggression, destabilization and terrorism against independent African states and the liberation movements. the African leaders were unanimous in their assessment of the threat posed by South Africa to the peace and stability of the region and its consequences if immediate and effective measures were not taken by the international community. They were convinced that South Africa's principal aims were to consolidate and perpetuate its system of apartheid within the country and to extend its domination over the . neighbouring independent African States. South Africa was hostile to co-operation among independent African countries and was doing everything possible to sabotage such co-operation, especially in the field of transport and communications. 27. While its aims remain unchanged, in the last two years the Pretoria regime evolved a system of calibrated policies towards different countries of the region. It occupied substantial areas of Angola and engaged in open war against that country. In Mozambique, South Africa supported dissident elements and other hostile groups by supplying them with money, weapons and organizational assistance. Against Zimbabwe, South Africa engaged in destabilization at the economic, political and propaganda levels. Its acts of destabilization, aggression and terrorism against Zambia included support and training of dissident groups, violations of Zambia's air and land frontiers, laying of mines and abduction of innocent men and women, as well as raids against the refugee camps. Botswana, which has a long common border with South Africa, was obliged to be host to a large number of refugees. Its air space had been violated and there had been cases of kidnapping of people from its territory. Even countries like the United Republic of Tanzania, which have no common borders with South Africa, were not immune to Pretoria's destabilization activities in the political, economic and propaganda spheres. Leaders and members of the national liberation movements were victims of threats and assassinations. 28. The front-line States were gravely concerned at the military build-up of the Pretoria regime and the threat it posed to their security and independence. South Africa's nuclear programme had further aggravated the situation and created a sense of insecurity in the neighbouring African countries. 29. Some of the African leaders expressed profound concern over the collaboration by certain Western countries with the apartheid regime, enabling the latter to carry out the policies of aggression, destabilization and economic warfare against the front-line States and Lesotho. The continuing political, economic and military collaboration of certain western States and their transnational corporations with the racist regime of South Africa encouraged its defiance of the international community and constituted a major obstacle to the elimination of the inhuman and criminal system of apartheid in south Africa and to the attainment of self determination, freedom and national independence by the people of Namibia. The Reagan Administration's policy of "constructive engagement", in particular, encouraged the South African regime's policies. 30. The African leaders categoric9lly rejected any linkage between Namibian independence and the withdrawal of Cuban troops from Angola. They called for mandatory and comprehensive economic sanctions against the Pretoria regime. They were convinced that the Security COuncil should assume its direct responsibility for the implementation of its resolution 435 (1978) on the independence of Namibia. The system of apartheid in South Africa must be terminated and majority rule instituted. The African leaders also called for greatly increased material assistance to the front-line States and liberation movements. -6- 31. The economic consequences of South Africa's aggression, destabilization and terrorism against independent African States were most glaring in the case of Angola, Mozambique and other front-line States. South Africa was also actively engaged in opposing and undermining regional co-operation among independent African States. The countries visited by the mission had also to bear the enormous burden of caring for tens of thousands of refugees rendered homeless by the direct and indirect aggression committed by the Pretoria regime. The front-line States were also victims of South Africa's powerful and systematic propaganda and psychological warfare. 32. The Special Committee considered at its 523rd meeting, held on 19 May 1983, the report of its mission to the front-line States. It decided to publicize the report of the mission and to send a second mission to Mozambique and Lesotho. It I also decided to encourage and assist campaigns by anti-apartheid groups in Western countries in support of front-line States. D. Action taken against military, nuclear and 1 economic collaboration with South Africa J 33. The Special Committee continued to follow developments concerning military, nuclear, economic and other collaboration with South Africa. It repeatedly condemned the continued collaboration of certain Western States and Israel, as well as transnational corporations, with South Africa as an essential cause for the escalation of South Africa's aggression against independent African States, and the continuation of its policies of oppression against the people of South Africa and its national liberation movement as well as its illegal occupation of Namibia. The attitude of those States that have continued and increased their collaboration with South Africa was deplored in meetings of the Special committee, during missions of the Special Committee, and at international conferences and seminars in which representatives of the Special committee participated and in other appropriate ways. 1. Conference of West European Parliamentarians 1 on Sanctions against South Africa 34. The Conference of West European Parliamentarians on Sanctions against South Africa was held in The Hague, Netherlands, on 26 and 27 November 1982. It was organized by Parliamentarians members of the Netherlands Foundation for the International Year of Mobilization for Sanctions against South Africa in co-operation with the Special Committee against Apartheid. 35. The Conference was intended to provide an opportunity for members of national parliaments in Western Europe and of the European Parliament to exchange information on action taken by their countries to end collaboration with the racist regime of South Africa and support the oppressed people in their legitimate struggle for freedom and human rights, to consult on further action, especially by parliaments and their members, and to promote co-ordination of action. 36. Members of national parliaments and of the European Parliament participated in the Conference. The Special Committee against Apartheid was represented by its Chairman, Mr. Alhaji Yusuff Maitama-Sule. -7- 1 37. The Conference was opened on 26 November 1982 by Mr. Jan Nico Scho1ten, Chairman of the Preparatory Committee. Addresses at the opening session were delivered by Mr. A1haji Yusuff Maitama-Su1e, Chairman of the Special Committee against Apartheid, Mr. Joaquim A1berto Chissano, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Mozambique, and Mr. Jan Nico Scho1ten. 38. The Conference elected Mr. Radar Cars, former Minister for Commerce of Sweden, as Chairman and Mr. Re1us ter Beek of the Netherlands, as Rapporteur. 39. After the opening session, the Conference held two closed meetings at which it heard the experts and discussed the situation in southern Afric~ and international action for peace, security and independence in the region, with special reference to sanctions against the South African regime and the role of Parliamentarians in Western Europe. It then considered a draft declaration prepared by the Rapporteur and adopted it unanimously. 40. The attention of the Conference was drawn to a draft agreement signed by the Commission of the European Communities with South Africa in October 1981 and submitted to the Council of Ministers for approval. The Conference expressed its profound concern over the agreement and adopted a special resolution on the matter sponsored by Mr. Stan1ey C1inton Davis. 41. The Conference unanimously adopted a decision demanding the release of Nelson Mande1a. 42. The Conference expressed great anxiety over the report that the appeal against the death sentences imposed on three freedom fighters of the African National Congress of South Africa - Mr. Anthony Tsotsobe, Mr. Johannes Shabangu and Mr. David Moise - had been rejected. On behalf of the COnference, the Chairman sent a telegram to the South African Government urging the commutation of the death sentences. 43. The participants in the Conference expressed grave concern over the situation in southern Africa and the danger of a wider conflict resulting from the policies and actions of the racist regime of South Africa, and emphasized the responsibility of Governments and peoples of Western European countries to take effective action to help to secure peace, freedom and democracy in southern Africa. 44. They recognized the need for maximum international pressure against the Pretoria regime and for support in the legitimate struggle of the people of southern Africa for the elimination of apartheid, the genuine independence of Namibia and the establishment of a democratic State in South Africa. 45. They declared their full support for the struggle of the people of Namibia for genuine independence and the struggle of the people of South Africa for the elimination of apartheid and the establishment of a democratic society. They expressed great appreciation to the front-line States for the sacrifices they had made in support of freedom in South Africa and Namibia and declared that those States deserved all necessary assistance from the international community. 46. The Conference called on the United Nations Security Council to impose mandatory sanctions against the South African regime. It emphasized in particular the need for mandatory action to prohibit all military and nuclear collaboration with South Africa, to end all supplies of oil and oil products to South Africa, to R- stop all new investments in, and financial loans to, South Africa, and to end I imports of coal and other commodities from South Africa. 47. Furthermore, the Declaration stated. "The Conference expresses appreciation to all Governments which have unilaterally imposed sanctions against South Africa and calls for extending unilateral sanctions. It also commends trade unions, religious bodies and other non-governmental organizations which have unequivocally opposed the minority regime in South Africa and have taken action to sever all political, religious, cultural and other contacts with that regime. In this connection, it welcomes the decisions of the recent assembly of the World Alliance of Reformed Churches. "The Conference expresses its great anxiety that the Government of the United States of America has encouraged the racist regime by its ill-conceived policy of 'constructive engagement' with that regime, its relaxation of the arms embargo against South Africa, and its support of efforts by the South African regime to frustrate the negotiations for the independence of Namibia through the so-called 'linkage' with non-related matters. "It calls on all west European countries to stop all co-operation with the apartheid regime and to support the struggle for freedom in southern Africa. It urges them to co-operate with independent African States in persuading the Government of the United States of America to abandon its present policies in southern Africa." 48. The Declaration included a number of concrete steps as a guide for concerted action by Parliamentarians. 49. On 1 December 1982, the Chairman of the Special committee transmitted, for the attention of the General Assembly and the Security Council, the text of the Declaration adopted by the COnference. 2/ 50. The report of the Conference was issued in document A/AC.llS/L.S87. 2. International COnference of Trade Unions on Sanctions and Other Actions against the Apartheid Regime 51. The International COnference of Trade Unions on Sanctions and Other Actions against the Apartheid Regime in South Africa was held at the Palais des Nations, Geneva, Switzerland, on 10 and 11 June 1983. It was organized by the Workers' Group of the Governing Body of the International Labour Organisation and the Special committee in co-operation with the United Nations Council for Namibia, the Organization of African Unity and the Organization of African Trade Union Unity. 52. The Conference had the following objectives: (a) To promote sanctions against the racist regime of South Africa, (b) To promote world-wide solidarity with, and assistance to, the black 1 trade-union movement of South Africa, and 1 -9- 1 (c) To promote effective international action to eliminate apartheid and enable the South African people to establish a democratic society. 53. The Conference was attended by more than 375 persons from more than 150 international, regional and national trade-union organizations representing hundreds of millions of organized workers throughout the world. The participants also included representatives of united Nations bodies concerned with southern Africa, the liberation movements of South Africa and Namibia recognized by CAU, and other guests. 54. The Special committee was represented by its Chairman, Mr. Alhaji Yusuff Maitama-Su1e (Nigeria) who headed the delegation. The delegation included. Mr. Luis Sandiga (peru), Mr. Nageib E. Abde1wahab (Sudan) and Mr. Abdul"Hamid (Indonesia). 55. The International COnference elected Mr. Gerd Muhr, Chairman of the workers' Group of the ILO Governing Body, as its Chairman. 56. In his opening address, the Chairman of the Special COmmittee said, inter alial "Today, I salute the world trade union movement for its longstanding solidarity with the people of South Africa, for its support of sanctions against the racist regime of South Africa, and for its co-operation with the Special Committee in the International campaign against Apartheid. "The trade-union movement can do much by individual and collective action to impose its own sanctions through boycotts whenever possible. "It can make a great contribution in mobilizing the people in all countries for sanctions against South Africa, and in persuading all Governments - especially the main trading partners of South Africa - to co-operate in sanctions. "It can provide and promote all forms of assistance to the oppressed people in their just struggle and demonstrate solidarity with them in all their struggles. "I would beseech you to keep in mind that the working people of South Africa and Namibia are today struggling not only for their own sacred rights but, because of destiny, for the emancipation of the African continent as a whole and for the principles cherished by the United Nations and the trade union movement." 57. At the Conference, statements were made by the Director-General of ILO, the General Secretary of the Organization of African Trade Union Unity, the Chairman of the Workers' Group in the Committee on Apartheid of the International Labour Conference, as well as by 67 representatives of trade unions. A number of other participants submitted their written speeches for the record. The Conference received a message from the secretary-Genera1 of the United Nations. 58. On 11 June 1983, the COnference unanimously adopted a Declaration. ~ -10- ..------_...... ------~._------~~-----~ 59. In the Declaration, the Conference condemned the South African minority apartheid regime for totally ignoring world opinion and consistently refusing to abide by international standards as enshrined in the United Nations Charter. It deplored South Africa's raids on and incursions into sovereign neighbouring countries and the apartheid regime's efforts to destabilize the front-line States, which constituted a breach of peace. The Conference also condemned employers and investors in South Africa who directly or indirectly helped to maintain the afartheid system and who were collaborating with the apartheid regime in military and nuclear fields and with its security forces. 60. The participants in the Conference called on Governments throughout the world to make every effort to promote the adoption of mandatory economic sanctions against South Africa and, pending a decision by the Security COuncil, to take unilateral and regional action. They called on employers' organizations to take measures to penalize their members who maintained relations with South Africa and on economic and financial groups not to extend loans to South Africa and 1 collaborate with the apartheid regime in any way. 61. The Declaration also urged all workers and their trade-union organizations throughout the world to bring pressure to bear on Governments which had not yet done so to stop all kinds of aid to and investment in South Africa. 62. The report of the mission to the COnference was adopted by the Special Committee at its 524th meeting on 27 July 1983. 3. International COnference on the Alliance between South Africa and Israel 63. The International COnference on the Alliance between South Africa and Israel was held at the Vienna International Centre from 11 to 13 July 1983. It was organized by the Special COmmittee against Apartheid in co-operation with the Afro-Asian Peoples' Solidarity Organization (AAPSO), the Organization of African Trade Union unity (OATUU) and the World Peace Council (WPC). 64. It addressed itself to an analysis of the relations between South Africa and Israel and their implications and ramifications, as well as to proposals for action by Governments and intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations. 65. At the invitation of the Special committee, the Conference was attended by more than 120 representatives of Governments, relevant United Nations organs and intergovernmental organizations, national liberation movements recognized by the United Nations, international and national non-governmental organizations and a number of individual experts. 66. The Special COmmittee was represented by Mr. O. O. Fafowora (Nigeria), Mr. Sayed A. Fadzillah (Malaysia), Mr. Gerhard Schroter (German Democratic Republic) and Mr. Bassy Camara (Guinea). 67. The International Conference elected Mr. O. O. Fafowora, leader of the delegation of the Special COmmittee, as its Chairman. -11- 68. In his opening statement, the Chairman said, inter alia& "This Conference has been convened by the Special COmmittee - in accordance with its mandate to promote the international campaign for the elimination of apartheid - to analyse the ever-increasing collaboration by Israel with the racist regime of South Africa and to consider measures for action by Governments and organizations to secure an end to such collaboration. "Despite bland denials by the Government of Israel, there is extensive evidence of collaboration in the nuclear field and in the military field ••• "The Conference will ••• consider the problem of Israel's collaboration with South Africa in the context of its effect on the efforts to eliminate apartheid in South Africa and the menace that such collaboration poses to southern Africa " 69. Statements were made by the leaders of the delegations of the three co-sponsors, namely, Mr. Dennis Akumu, Secretary-General of OATUU, Mr. Romesh Chandra, President of WPCJ and Mr. F. Bangoura, Deputy Secretary General of AAPSO. 70. A large number of participants took part in the discussion. Participants were unanimous in strongly condemning the increasing collaboration of Israel with South Africa in flagrant violation of world opinion as well as the relevant General Assembly and Security Council resolutions. They noted with particular concern the collaboration in military and nuclear fields, which had encouraged the South African regime in its criminal policies of apartheid and had exacerbated the aggressive activities of South Africa against neighbouring countries. Participants condemned those Western Governments, in particular the united States of America, which had continued to maintain overt and covert collaboration with the racist regimes of South Africa and Israel, and the assistance given to both countries in their nuclear and military collaboration by the united States of America, the united Kingdom, France, the Federal Republic of Germany and certain other Western Powers. 71. In the Declaration, the participants expressed grave concern over increasing collaboration of Israel with South Africa, especially in the military and nuclear fields, which constituted a grave menace to peace and stability in Africa and the world and a serious challenge to the united Nations. The Declaration states, inter alia: "The Conference urges the Secretary-General of the united Nations and the Director-General of IAEA to consult and take action, within the letter and spirit of the Charter of the united Nations and IAEA Statute, to end all collaboration with the South African regime, except with regard to inspection of nuclear facilities, by taking necessary measures ensuring that the decis1on making organs of both organizations focus on these questions. " ••• the Conference considers that the so-called policies of 'strategic co-operation' with Israel and 'constructive engagement' with the South African racist regime, adopted by the united States of America, represent support for the alliance of Israel and South Africa against the aspirations of African States to keep their continent free from nuclear weapons, to complete the process of decolonization and to maintain regional peace and security. -12- ·_------, "The Conference expresses the hope that no State will resume relations • with Israel so long as it continues collaboration with South Africa, especially in the military and nuclear fields, an9 so long as it does not implement United Nations resolutions in this regard." 72. The Declaration also emphasizes the importance of dissemination of all relevant information, especially in the Western countries, in view of the deceitful I propaganda by Israel and South Africa on their collaboration and of the attitude of the United States and several other Western countries. It further appeals to world universities, research institutions and similar academic bodies to publish substantive, detailed and scholarly works on the subject. I 73. The report on the mission to the Conference was adopted by the Special Committee at its 524th meeting on 27 July 1983 (A/AC.llS/L.S95). 4. Hearing of United States State legislators on divestment activities I 74. On 15 April 1983, the Special Committee held a hearing of United States State I legislators who played an important role in the campaign against apartheid, in particular in legislative action against investments in South Africa. 75.' The Special Committee heard statements by the following legislators, Senator Jack Backman, Massachusetts, City COuncilwoman Joan Specter, Philadelphia. Representative Virgil Smith, Michigan, Representative Perry Bullard, MichiganJ City Councilman John Ray, Washington, D.C., Representative Norman Justice, Kansas. Representative Marcia Coggs, Wisconsin, Senator Ernie Chambers, NebraskaJ Representative Randy Staten, Minnesota. Senator Thomas Mann, Iowa, Senator Joe Neal, Nevada. Representative Larry Evans, Texas, Senator William Bowen, Ohio, Representative Sylvania Woods, Maryland, Representative Tyrone Brooks, Georgia, and Representative Ed Leek, Oregon. 1/ 5. Implementation of an oil embargo 76. The special Committee has devoted special attention during the past year to consultations on promoting an effective oil embargo against South Africa. On the proposal of the Special committee, the General Assembly, in resolution 37/69 J of 9 December 1982, provided for the organization of an International COnference on an Oil Embargo against South Africa "for the purpose of considering national and international arrangements to ensure the implementation of embargoes imposed or policies declared by oil-producing and oil-exporting countries with regard to the supply of oil and oil products to South Africa". 77. In resolution 37/69 J, on the oil embargo against South Africa, the General Assembly authorized the Special Committee against Apartheid "to appoint a Group of Experts, nominated by Governments, to prepare a thorough study and report as soon as possible on all aspects of the question of the supply of oil and oil products as a basis for the consideration of national and international measures to ensure the effective implementation of the embargoes imposed or policies declared by oil-producing and oil-exporting countries with regard to the supply of oil and oil products to South Africa". l -13- SS& 78. After consultations with the Permanent Representatives of oil-producing and oil-exporting countries, the Chairman of the special Committee invited the following 10 countries to appoint experts: Algeria, Indonesia, Kuwait, the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Mexico, Nigeria, Norway, Romania, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela. 79. The Group of Experts held its first session from 15 to 24 February. It elected Mr. Suheil Mahmoud Nasser (Kuwait) as Chairman and Mr. O. O. Ogunsola (Nigeria) as Vice-Chairman. 6. Action against the IMF loan to South Africa 80. On 12 october 1982, the Chairman of the Special COmmittee against Apartheid, the President of the Council for Namibia and the Chairman of the Special Committee on Decolonization issued a joint statement urging the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to reject South Africa's request for 1 billion special drawing rights. ~ 81. On 25 OCtober 1982, the Special Committee held a hearing on the application by South Africa for a credit from IMF. At the invitation of the Acting Chairman, Mr. Jim Morrell of the Center for International Policy and Mr. Isaac H. Bivens of the United Methodist Church made statements. 21 The Special Committee decided to send a delegation for consultations with representatives of IMF. lQI 82. On 29 OCtober 1982, the delegation of the Special Committee met with Mr. J. de Larosiere, Managing Director of IMF. The delegation conveyed the concern of the Special Committee over the proposed loan to South Africa, its effects on the oppressed people of South Africa and its ramifications for independent African States. It appealed to IMF not to grant the proposed loan. 83. On 3 November 1982, the Special Committee learned with regret that IMF had decided to grant the loan. In a statement issued the next day, the Chairman stated, inter alia: "The decision of the International Monetary Fund yesterday to grant a huge credit to the racist regime of South Africa in defiance of an urgent appeal by the United Nations General Assembly was ill-conceived and most regrettable. "Some western Governments and their financial institutions have consistently provided loans to save the Pretoria regime whenever it encountered economic difficulties because of its crimes and the resistance of the oppressed people. That was true after the Sharpeville massacre of 1960 and after the Soweto massacre of 1976. "The Special committee has stressed that this is the time to choose unequivocally between a~artheid and freedom, between a racist regime and the rest of the world. Verbal expressions of abhorrence of apartheid are meaningless when combined with massive assistance to the apartheid regime. "I appeal to all Governments and organizations not only to denounce the present credit by IMF and the recent upsurge of loans by Western financial institutions, but to increase their moral, political and material support to the national liberation movement of South Africa." l!I -14- E. Action against apartheid in sports 1. International Conference on Sanctions against Apartheid in Sports 84. The International COnference on Sanctions against Apartheid in Sports was organized by the Special Committee against Apartheid, in co-operation with the South African Non-Racial Olympic Committee (SAN-ROe), in implementation of the programme for the International Year of Mobilization for Sanctions against South Africa. It was held in the Grosvenor Hotel, London, from 27 to 29 June 1983. 85. The agenda of the Conference included a review of the implementation of the International Declaration against Apartheid in Sports, the continued collaboration with apartheid sport, the progress in the campaign for the sports boycott of South Africa, and consultations on further measures for the total boycott of apartheid sport, and an examination of other problems confronted in effecting the total isolation of apartheid sport at the national and international levels. 86. At the invitation of the Special Committee and SAN-ROC, the Conference was attended by representatives of relevant United Nations bodies and other intergovernmental organizations, Governments, sports organizations and administrators, sportsmen and sportswomen, national liberation movements, anti-apartheid movements, and other organizations active in the campaigns for the boycott of apartheid sport. 87. The Conference elected Mr. James Victor Gbeho (Ghana) as Chairman of the Conference, Mr. Denis Howell, Chief Abraham Ordia, Mr. Alexander Sereda and Mr. Francois Moncla as Vice-Chairmen, and Mr. Sam Ramsamy, Chairman of SAN-ROC, as Rapporteur. 88. The Conference was opened by the Chairman and, at his invitation, Mr. Shridath S. Ramphal, Commonwealth Secretary-General, delivered an address. Mr. Enuga S. Reddy, Assistant Secretary-General of the United Nations, read out the message from the Secretary-General of the United Nations. ·Statements were also made by Mr. Tsegaw Ayele, Minister of Sport of Ethiopia, Mr. Solomon Gomez, Chief of the Sanctions Section, Organization of African Unity, Chief Abraham Ordia, President of the Supreme Council for Sport in Africa, Mr. Bashir Attarabulsi, member of the International Olympic Committee and President of the Libyan National Olympic Committee, Mr. Ydnekatchew Tessema, member of the International Olympic Committee and President of the African Football Confederation, and Mr. E. Besley Maycock, Chairman of the United Nations Ad Hoc Committee on the Drafting of an International Convention against Apartheid in Sport. 89. The Conference then proceeded to a discussion of the agenda items. 90. The Conference unanimously adopted a Declaration. !£I The Declaration expresses support to sportsmen and sportswomen who refused to collaborate with apartheid sports, recommends that the reality of apartheid and apartheid sports be given the widest possible publicity, and asks that the South African Non-Racial Olympic Committee be given the maximum possible assistance to expand its efforts in the campaign against apartheid in sports. It also recommends, among other things, that the concept of the third-party principle that provides for sanctions against those who collaborate with South Africa should be supported by all countries, that States and sports bodies should strictly adhere to the Olympic principle of non-discrimination in sports, and that States should deny visas and/or entry to I -15- l ------""", representatives of sports bodies, members of teams or individual sportsmen from South Africa. In particular, it recommends that the campaign to expel apartheid sports bodies from international sports federations should be pursued with great vigour. 91. The report of the mission to the Conference was adopted by the Special Committee at its 524th meeting, on 27 July 1983 (A/AC.115/L.594). 2. Register of Sports Contacts with South Africa, (1 July-3l December 1982) 92. During the period under review, many Governments and organizations. reaffirmed their commitment to boycott apartheid sport and several have taken further action towards that end. Some sports bodies and administrators, however, continued to provide support for apartheid under the pretext of separation of sports and politics. 93. The names of 269 sportsmen and sportswomen were included in the Register of Sports Contacts with South Africa. 94. Pursuant to a decision in 1980, the Special Committee continued pUblication of periodic registers of sports contacts with South Africa. On 2 November 1982 and 26 April 1983, it published registers covering the periods from 1 January to 30 June 1982 and 1 July to 31 December 1982. 95. On 20 May 1983, the Chairman of the Special Committee sent the consolidated list of sportsmen and sportswomen who had participated in sports events in South Africa from 1 September 1980 to 31 December 1982 to Permanent Representatives of Member States requesting them to communicate it to their Governments and authorities concerned for their attention and action. 3. Other activities 96. On 28 october 1982, the Chairman of the Sub-Committee on the Implementation of United Nations Resolutions and Collaboration with South Africa issued a statement e~pressing satisfaction at the fact that the Board of Control for Cricket in Sri Lanka had taken firm action against 14 cricketers who had gone on a tour of South Africa in defiance of United Nations resolutions, the Gleneagles Agreement of the Commonwealth and the policy of the Government of Sri Lanka. !lI 97. In another statement, issued on 16 November 1982, he expressed shock that the International Tennis Council had fined the organizers of the Swedish Grand Prix Tennis Tournament for excluding South African tennis players. He saidl "While most international sports bodies have excluded South African representation, the International Tennis Federation (ITF) and a few other sports bodies which are dominated by Western countries continue to encourage apartheid sport under the system of weighted voting. -16- MThe decisions to impose the fine is a deliberate act of those who are determined to undermine the international consensus on non-discrimination and the struggle against apartheid. The Special Committee against Apartheid therefore urges the sports organizations in Sweden and elsewhere not to be intimidated by such fines and to continue to pursue the just cause until apartheid is eliminated entirely. 11 !!I 98. On 2S April 1983, the Chairman issued a statement expressing satisfaction at a decision by the Government of France to cancel the French rugby tour of South Africa, which had been scheduled for June 1983. F. Action against apartheid in the cultural field 1. Hearings on the cultural boycott against South Africa 99. On 9 February 1983, the Chairman of the Sub-Committee on the Implementation of the United Nations Resolutions and Collaboration with South Africa, Mr. James Victor Gbeho (Ghana), met with members of the united States-based Coalition to End Cultural Collaboration with South Africa (CECCSA) to consult on ways and means of promoting the cultural boycott of South Africa. 100. During the discussions it was agreed that a hearing on a cultural boycott organized by the Special Committee would be desirable in order to maximize publicity, bring together major activist organizations and boycott organizers, and launch the cultural boycott of South Africa in the united States. 2. International art exhibit against apartheid by the Committee of Artists of the World against Apartheid 101. It may be recalled that the Special Committee promoted in 1982 the establishment of a Committee of Artists of the World against Apartheid and provided financial assistance for its projects (A/37/22). 102. As the main project, an international art exhibit against apartheid was intended to be exhibited in Paris and other cities and, following the exhibitions, to be housed in a museum in trust for a free South Africa. Many prominent contemporary artists have contributed to the exhibit and more are expected. The first complete exhibit was scheduled to take place at the Fondation Nationa1e des Arts Graphiques et Plastiques, a prestigious gallery, in Paris from 22 November to 30 December 1983. 103. The Committee of Artists also received graphic works from 15 prominent artists and exhibited them in a prestigious Paris gallery on 21 March 1983J the exhibition was given extensive coverage in the French media. 104. The Committee of Artists invited the Chairman of the Special Committee and the Head of the Centre against Apartheid to the opening ceremony. -17- ______••~ .I jt4 1 G. Action concerning women and children under apartheid 105. The Special committee and its Task Force on Women and Children under Apartheid continued to devote special attention to the plight of women and children under apartheid. 1. Mission to France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Italy and Tunisia 106. Following the recommendation of the International Conference on Women and Apartheid, ~ a delegation of women leaders visited France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Italy and Tunisia in January and February 1983 to meet with leaders of Governments and intergovernmental and other organizations. The purposes of the consultations were (a) to promote broader awareness of the plight of women and children under apartheid in south Africa and Namibia, and Cb) to promote assistance to the projects of assistance for women and children of South Africa and Namibia. 107. The delegation was headed by Mrs. Jeanne Martin-Cisse, Minister for Social Affairs of Guinea and President of the International Committee of Solidarity with the Struggle of Women of South Africa and Namibia. The other members of the delegation were Mrs. N. K. Asinobi, Minister of State for Internal Affairs of Nigeria, Mrs. Cecile Goldet, Senator (France), Mrs. Maria Lourdes Ramiro-Lopez (Philippines), Chairman of the Task Force on Women and Children of the Special Committee, Mrs. Edith Bal1antyne, Secretary-General of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom and Secretary of the International committee of Solidarity with the Struggle of Women of South Africa and Namibia, and Mrs. Caroline Garoes, representative of the South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO) • 108. In Paris, The Hague, Brussels, Rome and Tunis, the delegation held useful discussions with government leaders on the need to provide political support in the struggle against apartheid and concrete assistance to the projects conceived by the women's councils of the national liberation movements. The delegation was received, inter alia, by Mr. Mohamed M'Zali, Prime Minister of Tunisia, and by Mr. Hans van den Broek and Mr. Beji Kaid Essebsi, Ministers for Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands and Tunisia, respectively. In Paris, the delegation was received by Mrs. Daniele Mitterand, First Lady of France. !§/ 109. The delegation also held fruitful discussions with representatives of many non-governmental organizations and other anti-apartheid organizations which reiterated their support for the national liberation movements and their interest in providing assistance to the women's projects. 110. During the mission the International COmmittee of Solidarity with the Struggle of Women of South Africa and Namibia held a meeting in Paris at which it adopted its programme of work for 1983. It also adopted a communique condemning the -apartheid's regime carnage in the Kingdom of Lesotho". -18- 2. Mission to the Federal Republic of Germany, Denmark, I Norway, Finland and Sweden JL1l. Another delegation of women leaders, also headed by Mrs. Jeanne Martin-Cisse, J4~nister for Social Affairs of Guinea, visited Bonn, Copenhagen, Oslo, Helsinki and J Stockholm from 13 to 24 June 1983 to meet with leaders of Governments and C)rganizations. The other members of the delegation were Mrs. N. K. Asinobi, J4inister of State for Internal Affairs of Nigeria, Mrs. Lise Ostergaard, Member of ~he Danish Parliament and President of the World Conference of the United Nations [)ecade for Women (1980), Mrs. Hortensia Bussi de Allende of Chile, member of the Znternational Committee and Co-Chairman of the Latin American Anti-Apartheid ~mmittee, Mrs. Maria Lourdes Ramiro-Lopez of the Philippines, Chairman of the Task Ire>rce on Women and Children of the Special Committee against Apartheid, and J4s. Ilva Mackay, representative of the African National Congress of South Africa. 112. As in the previous mission, the delegation held consultations with leaders and tligh-ranking officials in all these countries as well as representatives of he>n-governmental organizations on the need to provide concrete assistance to the ~rojects prepared by the liberation movements. The delegation was assured by the 1eaders and officials whom it met in those countries that the utmost attention ~e>uld be given to the projects presented by the delegation. 3. Other action 113. On 8 March, International Women's Day, the Chairman of the Special Committee issued a statement drawing the urgent attention of Governments and organizations to the plight of women oppressed by the inhuman system of apartheid in South Africa. W H. Action concerning assistance to the oppressed people of South Africa and their national liberation movement 1.14. In view of the intensified repression in South Africa, as well as the great advance in resistance by the people, the Special Committee repeatedly emphasized the need for increased humanitarian, educational, political and other assistance to the oppressed people of South Africa and their national liberation movement. It Etxpressed its appreciation to the many Governments, organizations and individuals ~ho had contributed to such assistance, either directly to the liberation movements recognized by the Organization of African Unity (OAU), namely, the African National C:e>ngress of South Africa and the Pan-Africanist Congress of Azania, or through united Nations and other funds. 115. At the conclusion of the observance by the African National Congress of the ·~ear of unity in Action" (8 January 1982-7 January 1983), which coincided with the seventieth anniversary of the organization, the Chairman sent to the President of the African National Congress of South Africa (ANe) a message of support and sc:>lidarity. ~ He said that the freedom fighters of ANC had demonstrated by their c:c:>urage and skill, that the final stage of the struggle for the elimination of 8J?artheid had begun, that it would triumph and that they had gained respect by their care to avoid loss of innocent lives. He added that the Special Committee, especially in observance of the International Year of Mobilization for Sanctions a~ainst South Africa in 1982, had redoubled its efforts to persuade Governments and I -19- 1 pUblic 0plnlon to act against apartheid. He pointed out that the apartheid regime, however, had responded at new levels of inhumanity such as the killing of Neil Aggett in prison, the assassination of Ruth First in Mozambique and, above all, the cowardly massacre of South African refugees and Lesotho nationals, including women and children, in Maseru on the even of Human Rights Day. He assured the President of ANC that the Special committee against Apartheid would redouble its efforts in this crucial period in promoting the international campaign against apartheid. 116. On 23 May 1983, a joint statement was issued by the Acting Chairman of the special Committee, the Chairman of the Special Committee on Oecolonization and the President of the Council for Namibia on the occasion of the Week of Solidarity with the Peoples of Namibia and all other Colonial Territories as well as those in South Africa, Fighting for Freedom, Independence and Human Rights (23 to 30 May). ~ I. Campaign against repression and for the release of all policial prisoners in South Africa 117. During the past year the Special Committee intensified its efforts to pr~te the campaign for the release of all political prisoners in South Africa, and for an end to all repression against the opponents of apartheid. 118. On 11 OCtober 1982, the Day of Solidarity with South African Political Prisoners, the Special Committee launched a renewed and wider world-wide campaign for the release of Nelson Mandela and all other political prisoners. 119. On that occasion, the Chairman of the Special Committee saida "Nelson Mandela, the outstanding leader of the people, has been in prison for over 20 years. But he remains the symbol of the struggle of the people against apartheid and all forms of racism, and for a democratic society. The Special Committee is convinced that the release of Nelson Mandela and all other leaders in prison, irrespective of political affiliation, is an indispensable prerequisite for a just and peaceful solution in South Africa.- 120. Subsequently, the Special Committee cosponsored a declar~tion initiated by Archbishop Trevor Huddleston, President of the British Anti-Apartheid Movement, for the release of Nelson Mandela, to be signed by members of Parliament, leaders of political parties, trade unions and religious organizations and other prominent personalities. The text of the Declaration read as follows a "Nelson Mandela has dedicated his life to the cause of freedom for his people. He has been at the heart of numerous struggles against the injustices of apartheid and racial tyranny in South Africa for almost 40 years. "On 12 June 1964, together with WaIter Sisulu and other African National Congress leaders, he was sentenced to life imprisonment. In one of the most moving statements delivered from the dock, Mandela declared during the trial: 'I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which a1l persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and I hope to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.' -20- "We, therefore, declare our determination actively to strive for the I release of Nelson Mandela and all South African political prisoners and urge the united Nations and their Governments and peoples of the world to join us in this endeavour." 121. The Declaration was signed by over 4,000 leaders of political parties, trade unions and religious bodies, members of Parliament and other leaders of public opinion in all countries. It was made public on 21 March 1983. 1Q/ 122. The Chairman sent a number of communications to non-governmental organizations commending them for their support in the campaign for the release of all political prisoners. 123. In a letter dated 16 September 1982 the Chairman drew the attention of the Secretary-General to the fact that on 6 August 1982 three freedom fighters, namely, Thelle Simon Mogoerane, aged 23, Jerry Semano Mosololi, aged 25, and Marcus Tdabo Motaung, aged 27, members of the African National Congress, were sentenced to death in South Africa on the charge of high treason. On behalf of the Special Committee against Apartheid, he requested the Secretary-General to bring the matter to the attention of the Security Council and the General Assembly so that they could take urgent action, in accordance with their relevant resolutions, to save the lives of the three young men. 124. Subsequently, the General Assembly discussed the matter and adopted resolutions 37/1 and 37/68 containing appeals for clemency in favour of the South African freedom fighters. On behalf of the members of the Security COuncil, its President, too, issued a statement on 4 October 1982 asking for clemency. ~ 125. On 2 December 1982, the Chairman issued a statement appealing for renewed efforts to spare the lives of the three freedom fighters of the African National Congress. He statedr "The three men now sentenced to death are among the many youths who were moved - after the indiscriminate killing of hundreds of African schoolchildren since the Soweto massacre of 1976 and other crimes of the apartheid regime to decide to risk their lives in armed resistance in order to eliminate apartheid. They have taken care to avoid loss of innocent lives and the ANC has adhered to the Geneva Conventions. "The execution of such patriots cannot but further aggravate the situation in South Africa and have serious repercussions. "On behalf of the Special committee, therefore, I appeal to all Governments and organizations to take all appropriate action, separately and collectively, to save the lives of these three young men. I appeal for renewed efforts to save the lives of Thelle Simon Mogoerane, Jerry Semano Mosololi and Marcus Thabo Motaung, as the Pretoria regime has not yet commuted the death sentences imposed on them, despite the resolution of the General Assembly and the appeal by the Security Council." ~ 126. On 21 october 1982, the Acting Chairman condemned the savage sentence of la years' imprisonment imposed on Miss Barbara Ann Hogan by a racist court in south Africa. He called on all Governments and organizations to denounce the torture and -21- 1 trials of all persons who were being persecuted for supporting the struggle for liberation in South Africa. ~ 127. In a statement issued on 23 December 1982, the Chairman expressed regret that the United States authorities were proceeding with efforts to deport Mr. Dennis Brutus despite representations by many organizations in the united states and by the Special Committee against Apartheid. ~ 128. In another statement, issued on the same day, the Chairman expressed shock at the decision by the inquest magistrate in South Africa exonerating the security police officers involved in the death in detention of Neil Aggett, describing the decision as an outrage. ~ 129. On 30 December 1982, the Chairman received Senator Q. charles Bean, leader of the Opposition in the Senate of Bermuda, who represented a declaration by Parliamentarians in Bermuda for the release of Nelson Mandela and all other political prisoners in South Africa. ~ 130. At the proposal of the Chairman of the Task Force on Political Prisoners, the Special committee discussed at its 512th meeting a report on torture and ill-treatment of detainees by the racist regime of South Africa in 1982. The report was published in document A!AC.115!L.586. 131. In statements dated 13 January 1983 and 9 February 1983, the Chairman drew the attention of the international community to trials under the notorious security laws against members of the Pan Africanist Congress of Azania (PAC). ~ 132. On 31 May 1983, the Chairman of the Special Committee addressed a cable to the President of the International Red Cross expressing grave concern over reports on the conditions under which Nelson Mandela, Walter Sisulu and their colleagues were being kept in the Pollsmoor prison of South Africa. 133. Upon the execution of three ANC freedom fighters on 9 June 1983 in South Africa, the Chairman of the Special Committee issued a statement expressing the deepest anguish and indignation and describing the execution of the three men as "an international crime". ~ J. Dissemination of information against apartheid 134. During the period under review, the Special Committee continued to encourage and promote dissemination of information against apartheid by the Centre against Apartheid and the Department of Public Information, as well as a number of non-governmental organizations, through pUblications in several languages and audio-visual material. 135. The Special Committee has continued during the year to promote voluntary contributions to the Trust Fund for publicity against Apartheid established in pursuance of General Assembly resol~tion 3151 C (XXVIII) of 14 December 1973. Contributions received between 1 January and 31 May 1983 were as follows: -22- (in United States dollars) Argentina ...•....•...... ••...•.•...•••..•..••...... ••.. 4,000 Austria ...... 4,500 Cyprus · . 203 Finland ...... 11,142 Greece ...... 2,000 Ireland ...... 1,372 Japan ...... 10,000 Kuwait · . 5,000 Norway · . 20,000 Turkey · . 1,500 Venezuela ...... 1,000 60,717 K. Missions of the Chairman to Governments 1. Mission to Egypt 136. The Chairman of the Special Committee visited Egypt from 1 to 4 May 1983 at the invitation of the Afro-Asian Peoples' Solidarity Organization (AAPSO). 137. On 2 May, Mr. Abdel Rahman El-Sharkawy, President of AAPSO, presented the Chairman with the gold medal of AAPSO "as a tribute to [the Chairman's] decisive contribution to the campaign launched with a view to fighting racism, racial discrimination and apartheid for the freedom and dignity of all people". 138. On the same day, the Chairman delivered an address to the African Society. In his address he denounced the propaganda about the so-called reforms in South Africa and said. "The western Powers and vested interests welcome these so-called reforms as an excuse to increase their involvement in South Africa. The cosmetic reforms of the racist regime are matched by the cosmetic gestures of the west. The South African people, however, have paid with their blood and tears as a result of the manoeuvres to give time to the racist regime to consolidate racism behind a smoke-screen of reforms." 139. He denounced the increasing collusion between some western Powers and the Pretoria regime and stated. "They seek to make the whole of southern Africa sake for the racists. It seems southern African must come under the sway of the Pretoria regime or be constantly destablized. -23- ~In the face of this, we have no choice but to redouble our efforts in support of the struggle for liberation. The committed Governments and organizations must work together to convince the Western countries that the price of collaboration with the Pretoria regime is greater than the profit they derive.~ 140. On 3 May, the Chairman was received by Mr. Kamal Hassan Ali, Deputy prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs of Egypt. He called on the Grand Sheikh of Al-Azhar in order to congratulate him on the millennium of Al-Azhar University as well as to consult with him on means to promote action by religious leaders of all faiths for the elimination of apartheid. 2. Mission to the German Democratic Republic 141. At the invitation of Mr. Oskar Fischer, Minister for Foreign Affairs of the German Democratic Republic, the Chairman of the Special Committee visited the German Democratic Republic from 23 to 28 May 1983 to participate in the observance of Africa Liberation Day and the Week of Solidarity with thEf'C~ldh~l P!opies of Southern Africa and to consult with the Government and organizations on the international campaign against apartheid. 142. The programme of the Chairman included meetings with Mr. Horst Sindermann, President of the People's Chamber, consultations with Mr. Oskar Fischer, Minister for Foreign Affairs, and consultations with Mr. Kurt Seibt, President of the Solidarity Committee, Mr. Werner Kirchhoff, Vice-Chairman of the Committee for the Decade for Action to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination, and other officials of the two organizations. The Chairman also met with the Rector and staff of the University of Leipzig. He attended solidarity meetings in the University of Leipzig as well as in the otto-Nelte Secondary School in Berlin. He laid a wreath at the Memorial to the Victims of Fascism and Militarism and visited the Weimar and Buchenwald National Remembrance Site. He also visited the representatives of the Women's International Democratic Federation for consulta~s with Mrs. Mirjan Vire-Tuominen, its Secretary-General. He attended two press conferences. 143. Mr. Sindermann assured the Chairman, on behalf of the COuncil of State and Council of Ministers, as well as the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, that they had a high regard for the contributions of the Special Committee and the Centre against Apartheid and would always support them. He condemned most vehemently the recent attack on Maputo. 144. The Chairman said that African and socialist States were both acutely concerned over racism and yearned for peace. He expressed concern that, while the South African regime was becoming more aggressive, some of its Western collaborators were trying to introduce cold war into the area. South Africa sought not only to commit atrocities against the people, but to become a super-Power in Africa with the support of its friends. That must be stopped. The collaborators with apartheid, he said, ignored the resolutions of the General Assembly and even the Security Council. AS a result, the Special Committee had to appeal to traditional friends to provide greater assistance to liberation movements and step up efforts to mobilize public opinion, especially in Western countries. 145. At the luncheon hosted in honour of the Chairman, the Minister for Foreign Affairs highly praised the work of the Special Committee and the Centre against Apartheid towards the total eradication of racism in South Africa. He assured them of the continued co-operation of the German Democratic Republic. The Chairman congratulated the German Democratic Republic on the centenary of Karl Marx., whom he described as essentially a humanitarian who had a vision of a just society in which all people would live in peace and harmony. He expressed gratitude to the socialist States for their support to liberation struggles. 146. The Chairman expressed COncern over grave international tension, the uncontrollable arms race and the amassing of nuclear armaments in Europe and said that that situation concerned the entire world. Global tension had unfortunately persuaded some influential people in the major Western Powers to draw close to the inhuman racist regime in South Africa. 147. The discussions with the President of the Solidarity Committee and the Vice-Chairman of the Committee for the Decade for Action to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination were devoted particularly to assistance to the liberation movements and front-line States and to co-operation in pUblicity against apartheid and against acts of aggression and destabilization by the Pretoria regime. 148. In meeting with representatives of the Karl Marx University and the city of Leipzig, the Chairman expressed appreciation to the people of the German Democratic Republic for their consistent, unconditional and generous support to the African liberation struggle and for their unfailing and effective co-operation with the Special committee. The .Chairman also expressed appreciation to them for providing educational facilities to refugees from South Africa and Namibia. 149. Speaking to the press on the results of his consultations, the Chairman said that he was moved by evidence of the commitment of all the people of the German Democratic Republic to solidarity with the freedom fighters of South Africa. He expressed great satisfaction at the co-operation of the Government of the German Democratic Republic and organizations in that country with the Special Committee. He emphasized the importance of co-operation between non-aligned and socialist States, not only to increase assistance to the African liberation movements and front-line States but also to mobilize world pUblic opinion to press for mandatory sanctions against the Pretoria regime. 150. Extracts from statements made during the mission are reproduced in a pamphlet pUblished by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the solidarit~ Committee of the German Democratic Republic in co-operation with the United Natlons Centre against Apartheid. The pamphlet was distributed to a number of countries, including the front-line states, as well as to the Special Committee against Apartheid. 3. Mission to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 151. The Chairman visited the Union of Soviet socialist Republics from 28 to 31 May 1983, at the invitation of the Soviet Afro-Asian Solidarity Committee, for consultations on further co-operation in the international campaign against apartheid. -25- 1 1. 152. During his mission to the Soviet union, the Chairman held consultations with the leaders of the Solidarity Committee as well as with Mr. Leonid E. Ilyichev, Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs, Mr. Anatoly Gromyko, Director of the Africa Institute of the Academy of the USSR, and others. He was received by Mr. A;lexei F. Vatchenko, Deputy Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. 153. The Chairman, accompanied by the Assistant Secretary-General to the United Nations, Mr. E. s. Reddy, visited the Patrice Lumumba University of Friendship in Moscow where both were presented with memorial medals in connection with the twentieth anniversity of the Special Committee. 154. In his address at the Patrice Lumumba University, the Chairman expressed his ·utmost gratitude to the Government and the people of the Soviet Union for establishing this university in [Patrice Lumumba's] memory· and paid a tribute to the Soviet Union for its consistent support of OAU. 155. The Chairman said, inter alial ·The issue today is not only support for the liberation struggle in South Africa and Namibia, but defence of the front-line States and of Africa as a whole and of world peace. -The situation demands even greater efforts to develop the movement of solidarity, since the only lasting solution is the total destruction of the apartheid system. -We must unite all the decent people of the world, irrespective of any other differences, in determined and militant campaigns against all collaborators with the racist regime. "I am confident that we can depend on the continued and increasing support of this university, and of the Soviet Union, in this historic task.· 156. He also delivered an address at the African Institute on ·Solidarity, peace and the struggle against apartheid". He said, inter aiial "The socialist states, led by the Soviet Union, have been our true and tested friends in this struggle ever since India complained to the United Nations against racism in South Africa long before our countries in Africa were independent. "Our friendship has become firm and unshakable since the special Committee was established 20 years ago ••• We will fight any maneouvres by the enemies of liberation to sow discord in our ranks.- L. Encouragement of pUblic action against apartheid 157. The Special Committee continued to encourage the widest possible international action against apartheid in pursuance of the resolutions of the General Assembly. -26- 1. International Non-Governmental Organizations Conference on Action against Apartheid and Racism 158. The International Non-Governmental Organizations Conference on Action against Apartheid and Racism was held in Geneva from 5 to 8 July 1983. It was organized by the NGO Sub-Committee on Racism, Racial Discrimination, Apartheid and Decolonization, in co-operation with the Special Committee against Apartheid. 159. The Conference was attended by 31 international and 52 national non-governmental organizations from 30 countries, representatives of United Nations bodies, the International Labour Organisation (ILO), the Organization of African Unity (CAU) and several Governments as well as by the liberation movements of South Africa and Namibia. It elected Romesh Chandra, Chairman of the NGO Sub-Committee and President of the World Peace Council, as its Chairman. 160. At the opening meeting addresses were delivered by Mr. M. D. Taylor, Deputy Director-General of the International Labour Office, Mr. E. S. Reddy, Assistant Secretary-General, United Nations Centre against Apartheid, Mr. Muchkund DUbey (India), on behalf of the non-aligned countries1 Mr. Omar M. Muntasser, representative of OAU1 Mr. Lekhoana Jonathan Stewart (Lesotho), Mr. Luis Echeverria, former President of Mexic01 and Mr. Yadab Kant Silwal (Nepal), representing the Special Committee against Apartheid. 161. The Conference devoted special attention to the implementation of united Nations resolutions for action against the racist regime in Pretoria and in support of the liberation struggles in South Africa and Namibia. It also reviewed the situation at the end of the Decade for Action to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination with respect to the struggle against apartheid and racism and the causes of racism and the obstacles to its elimination. 162. On 8 July 1983, the Conference adopted a Declaration 29/ in which it condemned racism as a hindrance to genuine international co-operation, as a weapon which is used to divide and exploit people and as one of the major causes of conflict and war. It denounced apartheid as a crime against humanity and a threat to the maintenance of international peace and security. It supported United Nations. and ClAU condemnation of certain Western and other countries as well as transnational corporations which continued to collaborate with the racist regime of South Africa. In particular, it deplored the policies of the united States Administration which, under the guise of "constructive engagement", had provided support and encouragement to the apartheid regime. 163. The Declaration demanded comprehensive and mandatory sanctions against the racist regime of South Africa under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter. It also called upon the Second World Conference to revitalize international action. 164. The Declaration opposed all manoeuvres, including the so-called linkage, to delay the independence of Namibia. Further, it denounced South Africa's attacks on the front-line states and asked that support to them be intensified by the international community. Seeking world-wide, stepped-up and concerted mobilization to put an end to racism, racial discrimination and apartheid, the Declaration asked the United Nations, specialized agencies, other intergovernmental organizations as well as individual Governments to give all possible support to the national liberation movements recognized by CAU. It stressed the need for full co-operation between United Nations and the non-governmental community, including peace -27- movements, anti-apartheid and solidarity movements, religious bodies, trade unions, and women's and youth organizations. 165. The Conference also adopted a resolution commending the Special Committee for its a~tivities, with the assistance of the Centre against Apartheid, in promoting the widest possible support for the struggle of the oppressed people of South Africa and their national liberation movement, for the total elimination of the apartheid regime and for the exercise of the right of self-determination by the people of south Africa. 166. In his closing statement, the representative of the Special Committee expressed great appreciation to the NGO Sub-Committee and all other non-governmental organizations for their long-standing co-operation with the Special Committee. This co-operation, he said, was a strong weapon in the struggle to eliminate apartheid. 167. The report of the mission to the Conference was adopted by the SPeCial Committee at its 524th meeting, on 27 JUly 1983 (A/AC.llS/L.S96). 2. Second World Conference to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination 168. The Second World Conference to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination was held in Geneva from 1 to 12 August 1983. It was convened in accordance with resolution 35/33 of 1980 in which the General Assembly decided that the Conference, -while reviewing and assessing the activities undertaken during the Decade, would have as its main purpose the formUlation of ways and means and of specific measures aimed at ensuring the full and universal.implementation of united Nations resolutions and decisions on racism, racial discrimination and apartheid-. 169. The Conference was attended by representatives of GOvernments of 126 States, as well as by representatives of United Nations bodies, national liberation movements and intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations. It elected Mr. Hector Charry Samper, Permanent Representative of Colombia to the United Nations Office at Geneva, as its President. 170. The Conference concentrated its deliberation on the substantive agenda items as follows, 1. Political, historical, economic, social and cultural factors leading to racism, racial discrimination and segregation and apartheid, 2. Review and evaluation of activities undertaken to achieve the goals and objectives of the Decade for Action to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination at the national, regional and international levels and implementation of the Programme of Action adopted at the first World Conference, and 3. Determination of further action-oriented national, regional and international measures to combat all forms of racism, racial discrimination and apartheid. -28------...... _...... _-"""""'-~~ ~------~ 171. Mt. Ahmed Mohamed Adan (Somalia), in his statement on behalf of the delegation of the Special Committee, presented a draft programme of action for the coming decade for the consideration of the Conference. Although consensus was not achieved, the Conference adopted the Declaration and the Programme of Action for a new decade by an overwhelming majority. 172. The Declaration stresses the urgent need for national, regional and international action to eliminate apartheid, racism and racial discrimination, while recommended that the General Assembly should declare a Second Decade for Action to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination, extending until 1993. It states that "apartheid as an institutionalized form of racism is a deliberate and totally abhorrent affront to the conscience and dignity of mankind, a crime against humanity and a threat to international peace and security." It also states that those who contribute to the maintenance of "the system of apartheid are accomplices in the perpetuation of this crime". 173. The Programme of Action provides a set of concrete proposals for international and national action against apartheid in 10 different fields. It is a solid and effective basis upon which the international community can fortify and mobilize all its forces in concerted action towards total elimination of apartheid. 174. The Conference also adopted a resolution calling for the "immediate and unconditional release of Nelson Mandela and all other South African and Namibia political prisoners" and "expressing its solidarity with Nelson Mandela and the national liberation movements of South Africa and Namiba". 175. The report of the mission to the Conference was adopted by the Special Committee at its 526th meeting, on 25 August 1983. 3. Meeting of the Special Committee with representatives of mass media 176. On 7 April 1983, the Special Committee held informal consultations with representatives of the mass media to discuss recent developments in South Africa. 4. Other activities 177. On 4 November 1982, Mr. Natarajan Krishnan, Permanent Representative of India, presented to the Chairman of the Special Committee a book entitled India Condemns Apartheid, published by the Ministry of External Affairs of the Government of India. It contains extracts from statements and messages by the Indian Government since 1946, and information on sanctions imposed by India against South Africa. It also contains the text of the Anti-Apartheid (United Nations) Act, 1981. 178. Upon receiving the publication, Mr. Alhaji Yusuff Maitama-Sule, the Chairman, said that the concern shown by the people of India throughout the present century for freedom and equality in South Africa was a shining example of solidarity of peoples oppressed by colonial and racist domination. 179. In January-February 1983, the Chairman visited six Nigerian universities to inaugurate "Youth Solidarity with South Africa (YUSSA)" and to launch the campaign for the release of Nelson Mandela. He visited the Ahmadu Bello University, Lagos University, the University of Ife, the University of Benin, the University of Jos and Bayero University. -29- ______-,IJIJ 180. The Special Committee supported and participated in the International Conference in Solidarity with the Front-line States, which was held in Lisbon, Portugal, from 25 to 27 March 1983. In a statement on 17 March 1983 welcoming the Conference, the Chairman of the Special Committee stated that there was an undeclared war in the whole of southern Africa and a grave threat of a wider conflict. He said' -The actions of the Pretoria reglme, including the continued occupation and brutal torture of the people in Namibia, the occupation of Angola, the savage raid into Lesotho and escalating subversion against Mozambique, Zimbabwe and other States, demand decisive action by the United Nations and the international community. -The acts of aggression against the front-line States for discharging their international duty in support of United Nations resolutions are acts of aggression against the international community which must provide all necessary assistance to the front-line states and destroy the source of aggression. -The Lisbon Conference is, therefore, most timely. -1 hope that it will help promote concerted action by Governments, organizations and public opinion to assist the front-line States as well as the national liberation movements of South Africa and Namibia, and thereby promote freedom and peace." l.Q/ M. Observance of the twentieth anniversary of the first meeting of the Special Committee and special session to discuss the role of international solidarity and action in support of the struggle for liberation in South Africa 181. The Special Committee held four meetings on 30 and 31 March 1983 in observance of the twentieth anniversary of its first meeting. 182. At the first meeting on 30 March, Mr. Romesh Chandra, President of the World Peace Council, presented the Frederic Joliot-Curie medal, the highest award of the World Peace Council, to the Chairman of the Special Committee and Mr. Enuga S. Reddy, Assistant Secretary-General for Centre against Apartheid, in recognition of their outstanding contributions to international efforts for the cause of freedom in South Africa. 183. Statements were made by Mr. Gus Newport, Mayor of Berkeley, Professor Tair Tairov, Secretary of the World Peace Council, Mr. Edward Sloan, Quebec Peace Council, Mrs. Karen Talbot, head of the United Nations Department of the World Peace Council, and by the representatives of Ghana, the German Democratic Republic, the Syrian Arab Republic and Peru, respectively, on behalf of the African, Eastern European, Asian and Latin American States members of the Special Committee. The Chairman of the Special Committee and the Assistant Secretary General made statements. 111 184. Continuing its observance at subsequent meetings, the Special Committee heard statements by the representative of Mali, on behalf of the Special Committee of'24, the representative of Algeria, on behalf of the Council for Namibial the Chairman -30- of the Security Council Committee established by resolution 421 (1977) concerning the question of South Africa, the representative of India, on behalf of the Chairman of the Conference of the Non-aligned Countries, the representative of Kenya, on behalf of the Chairman of the Organization of African Unity, the Deputy Secretary-General of the Commonwealth, and the representatives of the African National Congress of South Africa (ANC), the Pan-Africanist Congress of Azania (PAC) and the South West Africa people's Organization (SWAPO). 185. The following special guests participated in the discussions Mr. Edwin Ogbu, former Chairman of the Special Committee, Mr. Vladimir Stanis, Rector of Patrice Lumumba University, representing the Soviet Afro-Asian Solidarity Committee, Mr. Nicasio G. Valderrama, Consul-General of the Philippines in Sydney and former Rapporteur of the Special Committee, Mr. Abdul Samad Minty, Honorary Secretary of the British Anti-Apartheid Movement and Director of the World Campaign against Military and Nuclear Collaboration with South Africa, Mr. Kurt Seibt, President of the Solidarity Committee of the German Democratic Republic, Mr. Antonio Saura, Chairman of the Committee of Artists of the World against Apartheid, Ms. Jennifer Davis, Executive Director of the American Committee on Africa, Father Austin Flannery, President of the Irish Anti-Apartheid Movement, Mr. Sean MacBride, former United Nations Commissioner for Namibia, ·Mr. Glenn Fubler of the Anti-Apartheid Group, Bermuda, Ms. Phyllis Altman, Director of the International Defence and Aid Fund for Southern Africa, Mr. V. Lyssarides, Secretary-General of the International Committee against Apartheid, Racism and Colonialism in Southern Africa, Ms. Carol Somplatsky-Jarman, Director of the International Justice Program, Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility, Mr. P. N. Haksar, representing the All India Peace and Solidarity Committee, Mr. Jim Gale, Co-ordinator of CARE, Australia, Mr. John Minto, National ChairPerson of HARTs the New Zealand Anti-Apartheid Movement, Mr. Asim Omer Elrayah of the Afro-Asian People's Solidarity Organization, and Ms. Jeanne Woods member of the Executive Committee of the National Anti-Imperialist Movement in Solidarity with African Liberation. ~ 186. The Special Committee received a number of messages from heads of State and Government, foreign ministers and intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations as well as from individuals. ~ 187. In the discussion, all speakers reaffirmed the evil nature of apartheid and expressed their determination to do everything within their power to eradicate it. Some of the most urgent concerns included implementation of the arms embargo and cessation of the military and nuclear collaboration with South Africa. Particular reference was made to Security Council resolution 418 (1977) and to the need to encourage the Security Council to see to it that its resolutions were implemented. At the same time general concern was voiced at the regime's increasing ferocity, not only in its pursuit of the policy of apartheid in Namibia and South Africa but also in its attacks on the front-line and other States, and it was agreed that as much international assistance must be secured as possible. There was also a general belief that the Secretary-General should be called on to use the full weight of the united Nations system and his own good offices to see to it that all United Nations resolutions were observed. In that connection attention was drawn to the remarks made by the Secretary-General at the conclusion of his tour of Africa concerning the need for the international community to intensify its efforts to bring about full respect for the right of peoples to self-determination and freedom from alien domination and to root out the abhorrent practices of racism and racial discrimination. -31- 188. Another common theme was the importance of mobilizing public opinion, particularly in those countries which were collaborating with the apartheid regime, and the recognition that the international community must give more support to the liberation movements'in Namibia and South Africa. Many speakers drew attention to the fact that, although the struggle was now entering its final stage, the road ahead would be difficult. the enormous economic and military power in the hands of the South African apartheid regime, the immoral collusion of the Reagan Administration with the South African regime as well as the collaboration of other States and multi-national corporations were basic reasons for the escalation of the racist policy of force in southern Africa. 189. All participants agreed that efforts to secure mandatory economic sanctions must be stepped up since such sanctions were the only real alternative to armed conflict. N. Observance of international days 1. Day of Solidarity with South African Political Prisoners (11 OCtober 1982) 190. On 11 OCtober 1982, the Special Committee held two meetings in observance of the Day of Solidarity with South African Political Prisoners. 1!1 191. On the proposal of the Chairman, the participants observed a minute of silence in tribute to the memory of all those who had laid down their lives in the struggle for freedom in South Africa. 192. At the invitation of the Chairman, the President of the General Assembly, the Secretary-General of the United Nations and the President of the Security Council made statements. Statements were also made by Mr. Frank OWen Abdulah (Trinidad and Tobago), Chairman of the Special Committee of 24, Mr. Paul Lusaka (Zambia), President of the united Nations Council for Namibia, and Mr. Anders Thur.horg (Sweden), Chairman of the Committee of Trustees of the United Nations Trust Fund for South Africa. The Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Philippines made a statement. 193. Statements were also made by the representatives of Antigua and Barbuda, as Chairman of the Latin American Group, Guinea, as Chairman of the African Group, Portugal, on behalf of the Group of Western European and Other States, the Ukrainian SSR, on behalf of the Eastern European Group, Denmark, on -behalf of the European Communities, Finland, on behalf of the Nordic countries, CUba, as Chairman of the non-aligned movement, and Kenya, as Chairman of the Organization of African Unity. 194. The observer of the Palestine Liberation Organization made a statement. 195. Statements were made by the representatives of the following non-governmental organizations. International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, World Federation of Trade Unions, Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law (Southern Africa Project), Continuation Committee of the Conference in Solidarity with the Struggle for Liberation of the People of Southern Africa, World Assembly of Youth, and International Defence and Aid Fund for Southern Africa. -32- 196. At the invitation of the Chairman, the observers of the African National Congress of SOuth Africa, the Pan-Africanist Congress of Azania and the South west Africa People's Organization also made statements. 197. The Chairman made a statement on behalf bf the Special Committee. 198. Messages received on that occasion from Heads of State or Government are pUblished in document ~AC.115/L.585. 2. International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (21 March 1983) 199. The Special Committee held two meetings in observance of the International Day for the Elimination of Rac ial Discrimination on 21 March 1983. Upon the opening of the special meeting, the participants, on the proposal of the Chairman, observed a minute of silence in memory of those whose lives had been sacrificed in the struggle against apartheid and racial discrimination. 200. The Chairman read out a message received from the President of the General Assembly. At the invitation of the Chairman, the Secretary-General made a statement. 201. At the invitation of the Chairman, statements were also made by the representative of Ethiopia, on behalf of the Special Committee of 24, the representative of Bulgaria, on behalf of the Council for Namibia, the representative of Pakistan, on behalf of the Committee of Trustees of the United Nations Trust Fund for South Africa, and the representative of Senegal as Chairman of the Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People. 202. The representative of India read out a message from the Chairman of the Conference of the Non-Aligned Countries, and the representative of Kenya made a statement on behalf of the Chairman of the Organization of African Unity. 203. Statements were also made by the representatives of Ghana, on behalf of the African Group, the German Democratic Republic, on behalf of the Eastern European Group, Japan, on behalf of the Asian Group, Brazil, on behalf of the Latin American Group, and Australia, on behalf of the Western European and other States Group. 204. The Chairman of the Preparatory Sub-Committee for the Second World Conference to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination made a statement. At the invitation of the Chairman, the observers of the African National Congress of South Africa, the Pan-Africanist Congress of Azania and the South West Africa People's Organization made statements. 205. Representatives of several countries read out messages from their Heads of State or Government. 35/ The texts of all messages received on that occasion were published in document~AC.115/L.59l. -33- 3. International Day of Solidarity with the Struggling People of South Africa (16 June 1983) 206. On 16 June 1983, the Special Committee held a solemn meeting in observance of the International Day of Solidarity with the Struggling People of South Africa. At the beginning of the meeting, it observed a minute of silence in memory of the victims of SOweto and all other victims of apartheid. 207. The Under-Secretary-General for Special Political Questions and Co-ordinator of the Special Economic Assistance Programmes, read out a statement from the Secretary-General. 208. Statements were made by the Acting Chairman of the Committee of 24 and the Acting President of the Council for Namibia. The Vice-Chairman of the Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People read out a message from the Chairman of the Committee. The representative of Ethiopia made a statement on behalf of the Chairman of the Organization of African Unity and read out a message from the Head of State of Ethiopia. The representative of India made a statement on behalf of the Chairman of the Conference of Non-Aligned Countries. 209. Statements were also made by the representatives of Morocco, on behalf of the African Group, Pakistan, on behalf of the Asian Group, who also read out the message from the President of Pakistan, Romania, on behalf of the Eastern European Group, Costa Rica, on behalf of the Latin American Group, and Canada, on behalf of the Western European and Other States. 210. At the invitation of the Chairman, the observers of the African National Congress of South Africa, the Pan-Africanist Congress of Azania and the South West Africa People's Organization made statements. At the conclusion, the Acting Chairma~ made a statement. d&/ 211. Messages received on that occasion from heads of State or Government and from organizations are reproduced in document A!AC.115/L.597. 4. International Day of Solidarity with the Struggle of Women of South Africa and Namibia (9 August 1983) 212. On 9 August 1983, the Special Committee held a solemn meeting in observance of the International Day of Solidarity with the Struggle of Women of South Africa and Namibia and heard 11 speakers. 213. Statements were made by Jeanne Martin-Cisse, Minister for Social Affairs of Guinea, Luvsandanzangyn Ider of Mongolia, Kate Kamba (United Republic of Tanzania), Lise Ostergaard (Denmark), Maria Kalenska (Czechoslovakia), Gervais Charles (Haiti), Cecilia Rebong (Philippines), Florence Maleka, African National Congress of South Africa, Elizabeth Sibeko, Pan Africanist Congress of Azania, Kakena Nangula, South West Africa People's Organization, and Uddhav Deo Bhatt (Nepal), both in his personal capacity and as Acting Chairman of the Special Committee. 214. Messages on the occasion of the International Day were received from Shehu Aliyu Shagari, President of Nigeria, the Central Committee of the Vietnamese Women's Union, the African Women Diplomats Association, the Food and Agriculture Organization and the International Labour Organisation. -34- O. Seecial meeting in memory of the Reverend Canon L. John ColIins 215. On 18 February 1983, the Special Committee held a meeting in memory of the late Reverend Canon L. John Collins, founder and President of the International Defence and Aid Fund for Southern Africa. 11I 216. At the meeting, the under-Secretary-General for Political and Security Council Affairs read out a message from the Secretary-General. 217. Statements were made by the Acting Chairman of the Special CommitteeJ the representative of Trinidad and Tobago, on behalf of the Special Committee on DecolonizationJ the President of the United Nations Council for NamibiaJthe representative of pakistan, on behalf of the Committee of Trustees of the united Nations Trust Fund for South Africal the representative of Denmark, on behalf of the Nordic countriesl and the representatives of Algeria, the USSR and the United Kingdom. 218. Statements were also made by the observers for the African National Congress of South Africa, the Pan-Africanist Congress of Azania and the South West Africa people's Organization, and the representatives of the International Defence and Aid Fund for Southern Africa, the American Committee on Africa, the United Methodist Office for the united Nations and the World Conference on Religion and Peace. 219. The participants observed a minute of silence in honour of the late Canon Collins. 220. The Chairman issued a statement paying tribute to the late Reverend Collins as a dedicated man of religion and peace. ~ P. Representation at conferences and messages to conferences 1. Representation at conferences and meetings 221. The Special Committee was represented at the following conferences: (i) Meeting of the Presidium of Afro-Asian peoples' Solidarity Organization, Tashkent, USSR, 11-14 October 1982. Mr. Kennedy Apoe (Nigeria) (ii) United Nations Seminar on the Role of Transnational Corporations in South Africa and Namibia, Sheffield, United Kingdom, 1-2 November 1982. Mr. James victor Gbeho (Ghana) (iii) Meeting of the Presidium of the World Peace Council, Lisbon, portugal, 31 OCtober-2 November 1982. Mr. G. C. N. Jituboh (Nigeria) (iv) United Nations Seminar on the Role of Transnational Corporations in South Africa and Namibia, Geneva, switzerland, 8-9 November 1982. Mr. Gerhard Schroter (German Democratic RepUblic) Mrs. Maria Lourdes Ramiro-Lopez (Philippines) -35- (v) Conference of West European Parliamentarians on Sanctions against South Africa, The Hague, Netherlands, 26-27 November 1982. Mr. AlhajiYusuff Maitama-Sule (Nigeria) (vi) United Nations Seminar on the Role of Transnational Corporations in Namibia, Washington, D.C., United States of America, 29 November-2 December 1982. Mr. Abdul Hamid (Indonesia) (vii) Sanctions Workshop, organized by the Nigerian National Committee against Apartheid, Jos, Nigeria, 9 December 1982. ~. Alhaji Yusuff Maitama-Sule (Nigeria) (viii) United Nations Seminar on the Role of Transnational Corporations in South Africa and Namibia, Montreal, Canada, 10~12 December 1982. Mr. Abdelkader Messahel (Algeria) (ix) Meeting in observance of the International Year of Mobilization for Sanctions against South Africa, London, United Kingdom, 11 December 1982. ~. Ahrned Mohamed Adan (SOmalia) / (x) Seminar on Asian Youth and Student Action against Apartheid in South Africa, Hong Kong, 28-30 December 1982. Mr. Salifu Yamusah (Ghana) (xi) Commission on Human Rights, thirty-ninth session, Geneva, Switzerland, 31 January-ll March 1983. ~. Rajendra S. Rathore (India) (xii) Seminar on Cultural Boycott, New York, United States of America, 29 January 1983. Mr. Jarnes victor Gbeho (Ghana) (xiii) Meeting at six Nigerian universities to inaugurate Youth SOlidarity on South Africa and to launch the Free Nelson Mandela campaign, January-February 1983. Mr. Alhaji Yusuff Maitama-Sule (Nigeria) (xiv) Seventh Conference of Heads of State or Government of Non-Aligned Countries, New Delhi, India, 7-11 March 1983. Mr. Uddhav Deo Bhatt (Nepal) Mr. Mohamed Sahnoun (Algeria) ~. Ahmed Mohamed Adan (SOmalia) Mr. Abdel-Rahman Abdalla (Sudan) (xv) Conference of Local Authorities in the united Kingdom for Action against Apartheid, Sheffield, United Kingdom, 25 March 1983. Mr. James Victor Gbeho (Ghana) (xvi) Scottish Anti-Apartheid Conference, Glasgow, United Kingdom, 26 March 1983. Mr. James Victor Gbeho (Ghana) -36- (xvii) International Conference in Soldarity with Front-line States and for National Liberation and Peace in Southern Africa, Lisbon, Portugal, 25-27 March 1983. Mr. Vladimir A. Kravets (Ukrainian SSR) Mr. Abdi Artan Adan (Somalia) (xviii) International Conference in Support of the Struggle of the Namibian People for Independence, Paris, France, 25-29 April 1983. Mr. Mohamed Sahnoun (Algeria) Mr. Willi Schlegel (German Democratic Republic) Mr. J. S. Teja (India) Mr. Hernan Couturier (Peru) (xix) Tenth anniversary session of the Organization of African Trade Union Unity, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 28-30 April 1983. Mr. Alhaji Yusuff Maitama-Sule (Nigeria) (xx) Meeting of the Ad Hoc Working Group of Experts on Southern Africa, London, United Kingdom, 23-27 May 1983. Mr. Rajendra S. Rathore (India) (xxi) International Conference on Trade Unions for Sanctions and other Actions against the Apartheid Regime in South Africa, Geneva, Switzerland, 10-11 June 1983. Mr. Alhaji Yusuff Maitama-Sule (Nigeria) Mr. Abdul Hamid (Indonesia) Mr. Luis Sandiga (Peru) Mr. Nageib E. Abdelwahab (Sudan) (xxii) World Assembly for Peace and Life against Nuclear War, Prague, Czechoslovakia, 21-26 June 1983. Mr. James Victor Gbeho (Ghana) Mr. Gerhard Schrater (German Democratic Republic) Mr. Kennedy F. APOe (Nigeria) (xxiii) Unveiling of a statue dedicated to Nelson Mandela, Dublin, Ireland, 27 June 1983. Mr. Kennedy F. Apoe (Nigeria) (xxiv) International Conference for Sanctions against Apartheid Sport, London, United Kingdom, 27-29 June 1983. Mr. James victor Gbeho (Ghana) Mr. Madjib Bouguerra (Algeria) Mr. Gerhard Schrater (German Democratic Republic) (xxv) International Non-Governmental organizations Conference on Action against Apartheid and Racism, Geneva, Switzerland, 5-8 July 1983. Mr. Yadab K. Silwal (Nepal) Mr. Gerhard Schrater (German Democratic Republic) Mr. Bassy Carnara (Guinea) (xxvi) Economic and Social Council, second regular session, Geneva,. Switzerland, 6-29 July 1983. Mr. Yadab K. Silwal (Nepal) -37- ______i~ (xxvii) International Conference on the Alliance between South Africa and Israel, Vienna, Austria, 11-13 July 1983. Mr. O. O. Fafowora (Nigeria) Mr. Gerhard Schr8ter (German Democratic Republic) Mr. Bassy Camara (Guinea) Mr. Syed A. FadZillah (Malaysia) 2. Messages of the Special Committee to international and national conferences 222. The Chairman of the Special Committee sent messages to the following conferences and events: (a) Memorial meeting for Mrs. Ruth First, organized by the British Anti-Apartheid Movement, London, united Kingdom, 2 September 1982. (b) National Conference for Sanctions against Apartheid and Solidarity with the Liberation Struggle in Southern Africa, organized by the Swedish united Nations Association, Stockholm, Sweden, 12-13 November 1982. (c) Conference on Cultural Voice of Resistance - Dutch and South Africa Artists against Apartheid, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 13-18 December 1982. (d) Fifth Biennial General Meeting of the South African Council on Sports, Durban, SOuth Africa, 19-20 March 1983. (e) General Conference of the International Students Movement for the United Nations, Bucharest, Romania, 28 March-4 April 1983. (f) Meeting of the Mouvement contre le racisme et pour l'amitie entre les peuples (MRAP), in observance of the International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, Paris, France, 21 March 1983. (g) African Regional preparatory Meeting of the International Conference on the Question of Palestine, Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania, 29 March-2 April 1983. (h) Conference of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, Oslo, Norway, 23-30 June 1983. (i) Meeting of African National Congress in observance of South Africa Freedom Day, London, united Kingdom, 26 June 1983. Q. Co-operation with other United Nations bodies and with other organizations 223. The Special Committee maintained close co-operation with other United Nations bodies concerned with southern Africa, especially the Special Committee on the situation with Regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, the United Nations Council for Namibia and the Committee of Trustees of the United Nations Trust Fund for South Africa. It invited them to several special meetings and conferences of the Special Committee and sent representatives to attend and address their special meetings. -38- 224. fhe special committee continued to co-operate with the Commission on Human Rights and its Ad Hoc Working Group of Experts on Southern Africa. 225. fhe Organization of African Unity was invited to meetings of the special COIIIJIIittee as an observer and, in particular, addressed severalspecial:mfletings and conferences of the special committee. 226. fhe SPeCial committee continued to maintain close co-operation with the movement of non-aligned countries. -39- III. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS A. Introduction 227. The apartheid regime, in an effort to counter the irresistible advance of the struggle for liberation in South Africa and encouraged by the protection, and indeed collusion, of some western interests, has in the past year escalated its aggressive activities all over southern Africa, thereby creating a situation of enormous danger to international peace and security. 228. The menace presented to southern Africa by the apartheid regime in its desperate plans to counter the resistance of the people by widening conflict has assumed ever more serious proportions. 229. The liberation of Angola and Mozambique in 1975, and of zimbabwe in 1980, after heroic struggles of the African people supported by the international community, failed to persuade that regime, despite all the resolutions of the Security Council, the General Assembly, the non-aligned movement and CAU, as well as other appeals and demands, to seek a negotiated and just settlement for facilitating the attainment of freedom in South Africa and Namibia, the two Africarl territories under colonialist and racist domination. Instead, it relied on the USEt of force and racist alliances to arrest and reverse the process of decolonization. to restore wbuffer zones· against the advance of freedom, to entrench racist domination in South Africa and perpetuate illegal occupation in Namibia, and indeeCl to establish its hegemony in the region. It has accordingly resorted to aggression, destabilization, terrorism and intimidation against all neighbouring independent African States committed to freedom. It has become the base for subversive forces and for mercenaries. 230. Its aggressive acts have become more brazen and barbarous, as evidenced by thEt raid on Maseru, Lesotho, on 9 December 1982 and the attack on Maputo, Mozambique, on 23 May 1983. 231. The situation can no more be described as a mere threat to international peacEt and security. It is one of constant and unprovoked aggression and breaches of the peace, of an wundeclared war· by a criminal racist regime against the peoples of southern Africa and an outrage against the international community. 232. Within South Africa itself, since 1976, the racist regime has proceeded, despite unanimous international condemnation, to proclaim the so-called windependencew of bantustans - scattered reserves into which African people are forcibly confined on a so-called tribal basis - in an effort to dispossess the African majority and indeed deprive it of citizenship. Already four such windependentW States have been created, purportedly depriving over eight million Africans of citizenship in south Africa. The regime has announced its intention te> create another such structure in KwaNdebele in 1984. 233. As the Director-General of the International Labour Office pointed out in his annual report on apartheid this year, the objective of the racist regime is to create a South Africa with no black citizens. 1Y' This diabolic plot of the racist white minority regime against indigenous Africans surpasses the enormity of similar Nazi crimes. - 40,· 234. It has introduced a new constitutional amendment to create a racially segregated tricameral legislature for the white, Coloured and Indian minorities, excluding the African majority from any participation in Parliament. This plan, designed to co-opt the Coloured people and people of Asian origin as accomplices in the system of racist oppression and thereby divide the oppressed people" has been opposed not only by the African majority as a whole but by the overwhelming majority of the Coloured people and people of Asian origin who have increasingly identified themselves with the struggle for liberation. Their strong opposition was clearly expressed at the National Forum Conference at Hammanskraal on 11 and 12 June, at the launching of the United Democratic Front in Cape Town on 21 August and on many other occasions. 235. Meanwhile, racist oppression and exploitation, and the repression of all opponents of apartheid, continue unabated behind a smoke-screen of so-called reforms that are in fact insidious manoeuvres designed to bolster the system, and of adjustments in some visible symbols of racism which have become superfluous. Well-known figures in the black community, such as Phillip Dlamini, founder and secretary of the Black Municipal Workers' Union, Mr. Joseph Thloloe, founder-member and leader of the banned Union of Black Journalists, Mr. Oscar Mpetha, trade-union and community leader, and Mrs. Albertina Sisulu co-founder of the united Democratic Front, have been imprisoned under arbitrary laws. 236. Arrests of Africans under the humiliating "pass laws" have increased. The forcible uprooting of African communities and "squatter camps" continues with ever greater brutality. Mr. Saul Mkhize and Mr. Harrison Dube, leaders of the African communities of Driefontein and Lamontvi1le, respectively, were killed by police and their hired agents in April 1983 for leading no~-violent protests against the eviction of African communities and other racist repressive measures. 237. Several persons have died in detention during the past year. 238. Three ANC freedom fighters, Mr. Simon Mogoerane, Mr. Jerry Mosololi and Mr. Thabo Motaung, were executed on 9 June 1983 in defiance of appeals by the United Nations General Assembly and the Security Council, as well as numerous Governments, organizations and leaders, including leaders of Western Governments which continue to maintain cordial relations with the criminal regime in Pretoria. 239. As the Ad Hoc Group of Experts of the Commission on Human Rights concluded, the ·criminal effects of apartheid amount to a policy bordering on genocide" (E/CN.4/l983/38, para. 83). 240. The Assembly of Heads of State and Government of GAU declared, at its nineteenth ordinary session in June 1983, that the sole obstacle to peace, security and stability in southern Africa is the apartheid regime and its policies of internal repression, terrorism and political assassinations, as well as destabilization and aggression against the front-line states and Lesotho. 241. The Special Committee wishes to emphasize that, in the face of the grave situation in southern Africa, all Governments, organizations and individuals have an inescapable duty to take all necessary action in their power to help secure the eradication of apartheid tyranny and to enable the South African people, through the exercise of genuine self-determination, to establish a democratic society which will contribute to peace, stability and progress in the region. -41- & 242. At stake are peace in southern Africa, the lives of the people in the region and their legitimate aspirations for political, economic and social development. Equally at stake is the commitment of the united Nations to promote international peace and security, international co-operation and human rights, and to eliminate colonialism and racism. B. credibility of the United Nations at stake 243. The Special committee wishes to emphasize that the efforts of the united Nations and the international campaign against apartheid have been undermined by the actions of three western permanent members of the Security COuncil which have prevented effective Council action against apartheid, as well as by the actions of certain western Powers and Israel which have continued collaboration with the racist regime and paid little heed to repeated resol~tions of the General Assembly. 244. It may be recalled that the problem of apartheid in South Africa - a great moral challenge of our time and a serious menace to international peace and security - has been before the General Assembly for over three decades and before the Security Council for over two decades, and has been the subject of numerous resolutions. 245. The General Assembly first condemned apartheid in 1949, and in several subsequent resolutions denounced it as a "crime against humanity". Ten years ago, in 1973, it proclaimed, in resolution 2723 E (XXVII), its strong conviction that the United Nations has a "vital interest" in securing "the speedy elimination- of apartheid. It declared, on the occasion of the thirtieth anniversary of the United Nations, in resolution 3411 (XXX) of 28 November 1975, that "the United Nations and the international community have a special responsibility towards the oppressed people of South Africa and their liberation movements, and towards those imprisoned, restricted or exiled for their struggle against apartheid." 246. Twenty years ago, in 1963, the Security Council expressed its strong conviction that the situation in South Africa was "seriously disturbing international peace and security". On 4 November 1977, it adopted a historic and unprecedented resolution, under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, instituting a mandatory arms embargo against the racist regime of South Africa. 247. But the mandatory arms embargo against South Africa has failed because it is being flouted in the letter and the spirit by some Governments and vested interests. The racist regime has, with the assistance and collaboration of certain Western States and Israel, expanded its military establishment. It has been able to obtain an enormous amount of military equipment and technology, to build up its domestic arms industry and to acquire nuclear capability because of the collusion of certain Western Governments and Israel, as well as a number of transnational corporations. 248. As a result of the military might it has acquired, and assured of protection by certain Western States from effective international action, it has become a dangerous international outlaw. It has arrogantly claimed the right to invade or subvert any African State committed to support liberation in accordance with the -42- resolutions of the United Nations. It has even dared to demand that the neighbouring States deny asylum and humanitarian assistance to refugees from its racist crimes on the threat, or with the use, of military, economic and other actions. 249. As a result of the position taken by its Western permanent members, the Security Council has proved powerless to implement its own resolutions calling for an end to apartheid and repression, the release of South African political prisoners, the independence of Namibia and the cessation of acts of aggression by the racist regime. The people of South Africa and Namibia, therefore, continue to be subject to the savagery of the apartheid regime and the independent States in southern Africa to constant breaches of the peace, repeated threats to their sovereignty and acts of aggression. Thus, the system of collective security, enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations, has been seriously undermined in relation to southern Africa. 250. This situation has arisen because certain Western States, while professing abhorrence of apartheid, have constantly protected the apartheid regime from effective international action. They have opposed and prevented the enforcement of even the peaceful measures provided in Chapter VII of the Charter, namely, economic and other sanctions. 251. The Western permanent members of the Security Council, in particular, have failed, during the consideration of apartheid, to be guided by the responsibilities assumed by them under the Charter of the United Nations for the maintenance of international peace and security. For example, the so-called policy of ·constructive engagement", adopted by the present Administration of the United States, represents a negation of even the limited measures undertaken by that country in the past to dissociate itself from apartheid. It has, moreover, facilitated every obstructive manoeuvre by the apartheid regime as regards implementation of Security Council resolution 435 (1978). 252. The Special Committee recalls that, in resolution 387 (1976) of 31 March 1976, the Security Council condemned South Africa's aggression against Angola, demanded that South Africa scrupulously respect the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Angola, and called upon the South African regime to meet the just claims of Angola for full compensation. The apartheid regime not only failed to abide by that resolution and pay compensation for the damage and destruction inflicted by it in 1975-1976, but launched further acts of aggression causing enormous loss of lives and property. Yet, certain Western Powers, especially the united States, are subjecting Angola to pressure to abandon its defensive arrangements, even while South African troops are in occupation of a large part of its t~rritory, in order to accommodate the desires of the criminal aRartheid regime. !The persistent attempts by the United states and South Africa to establish so-called "linkage" or parallelism between the independence of Namibia and extraneous issues, in particular the withdrawal of Cuban forces from Angola, represent little respect for the resolutions of the Security Council. The . so-called "linkage" or parallelism was resolutely rejected by OAU, the non-aligned movement and various United Nations organs, including the General Assembly itself, and was qualified as an attempt to retard the deco1onization process in Namibia and as interference in the internal affairs of Angola. \ -43- 253. The Special Committee further recalls that, in resolution 527 (1982) of 15 December 1982, the Security council condemned racist South Africa's unprovoked acts of aggression against Lesotho and demanded payment by the apartheid regime of full and adequate compensation to Lesotho for damage to life and property resulting from that act of aggression. The racist regime not only failed to pay compensation for the damage, but repeated acts of destabilization and economic sabotage against Lesotho. 254. The Special Committee draws urgent attention to the question of apartheid as a prime example of the problem confronting the Organization. In th.is case, the United Nations has been made ineffective because of the obstructive attitude of certain Western powers, even though the General Assembly an~ the Security Council have been seized of the problem for decades. The territorial integrity and independence of African States are under increasing threat by the racist regime of South Africa despite a number of resolutions of the Security COuncil, and there is a grave danger of a wider conflict with enormous international repercussions. 255. The special Committee considers it essential that the United Nations should review the implementation of all its resolutions on the problem of apartheid and on acts of aggression by the South African regime against Angola and other independent African States. It should identify the causes of non-implementation, particularly the policies and actions of States which failed to co-operate in, or even blocked, international action, and consider measures to secure universal respect for the decisions of the Organization. C. Main collaborators with apartheid 256. The Special Committee considers that the effectiveness of international action for the eradication of apartheid has been hampered, despite the commitment and sacrifices of the great majority of States, because of the diplomatic, political, economic and military collaboration of some Western countries and Israel with the racist regime of South Africa, the anxiety of transnational corporations and vested interests to profit from that inhuman system, the support derived by apartheid from racist elements abroad, and the cold war attitudes of powerful forces in the West which view the apartheid regime as an ally, especially in times of international tension. 257. It therefore attaches importance to efforts to end all collaboration by Governments and foreign economic and financial interests with the racist regime of South Africa, to effective national and international action to combat and eradicate racism and racial discrimination, to measures for securing concerted action by all States against apartheid, irrespective of their ideological and other differences, and to collective action against any moves for an alliance with apartheid. 258. The Special Committee has repeatedly drawn attention to the responsibility of the main trading partners of South Africa, namely, the United Kingdom, the United States, the Federal Republic of Germany, Japan, Italy and France. It has pointed to the involvement in South Africa of thousands of transnational corporations and financial institutions, mainly from those countries. -44- 259. The Special Committee feels it essential again to draw particular attention to the attitudes and actions of the United States and Israel, as well as the local. authorities in Taiwan. 260. The Government of the United States, which bears a great responsibility as a permanent member of the Security Council and professes total abhorrence of apartheid, is regrettably pursuing a policy diametrically opposed to the essential lines of united Nations action against apartheid, namely, isolation of the racist r'gime of South Africa, assistance in the legitimate struggle of the oppressed people and their national liberation movement for freedom, and mobilization of world opinion in support of effective international action for the total eradication of apartheid. 261. It has favoured greater economic and other involvement in South Africa under the false pretext that increased collaboration enables it to obtain greater leverage to encourage peaceful change. 262. Un~er the guise of supporting foroes for peaceful change in South Africa, it has developed closer links with the militarist and aggressive leaders of the apartheid regime whose so-called reforms it welcomes as moves towards peaceful change, while showing hostility to the national liberation movement of South Africa. 263. Its so-called policy of ·constructive engagement· has been seen by the apartheid regime to be an encouragement of brazen aggression, beginning with the criminal raid on Matola, Mozambique, in January 1981. 264. The Special Committee notes that the Assembly of Heads of State and Government of OAU, at its session in June 1983, stated that the Reagan Administration's policy of ·constructive engagement· with the Pretoria regime has encouraged its intransigence and emboldened it to engage in more brutal acts of internal repression and brazen acts of external aggression against the independent southern African States. 265. The Government of Israel has continued most blatantly, in utter contempt of the United Nations, to collaborate with the apartheid regime, especially in the military and nuclear fields. 266. The collaboration between Israel and South Africa, with their unparalleled records of defiance of United Nations resolutions, has become a serious challenge to the international community. The Special Committee is submitting a special report on this matter. 267. The local authorities in Taiwan have developed extensive military and other relations with South Africa. General Hau Pei-Tsun, "Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces· of Taiwan, visited South Africa and Namibia in April 1983 and pledged co-operation with the apartheid regime. D. Apartheid survives because of assistance to it 268. In its consideration of the problem of apartheid for over three decades, the United Nations has consistently upheld the objective of totally eradicating apartheid and of assistance to enable the South African people to establish a democratic State which can play its rightful role in Africa and the world. -45- 269. Regrettably, certain powerful western states, especially in recent years, have tried to help the apartheid regime to overcome its isolation and exercise dominant influence in southern Africa. They have tried to resolve the serious situations in southern Africa through settlements which secure the apartheid regime, while encouraging certain adjustments in its racial policies calculated to offset growing 'national and international opposition. They have thereby enabled the apartheid regime to gain time to entrench apartheid through bantustanization and other policies. 270. They have not only encouraged the apartheid regime to persist in its inhuman policy, but have reinforced its intentions to become the dominant Power in the whole of southern Africa through aggression and blackmail against independent African states. 271. The Special Committee rejects the contention of these few western Powers that the apartheid regime is militarily and economically so powerful that peace can only be secured by accommodation with it despite its record of constant aggression. It also categorically rejects the Reagan Administration's position in favour of so-called "co-operation and peaceful co-existence· between southern African States and the apartheid regime, purportedly in the interest of racist South Africa's -legitimate security concerns·. 272. It recalls that the apartheid regime, resisted by the great majority of the people of South Africa and detested by the international community, has been faced with ever-growing opposition since its inception in 1948. It could not have survived but for the fact that certain Western and other Powers and vested interests have blocked effective international action and assisted it in all serious crises, especially since the aftermath of the Sharpeville massacre of 1960. 273. The much vaunted military might of the apartheid regime has been essentially due to the supplies of equipment and technology, including nuclear equipment and technology, as well as capital, from certain western and other Powers. It remains dependent on their continued co-operation despite its boasts of se1f-sufficiency. 274. Despite the amassing of an enormous military arsenal, the apartheid regime has itself admitted in recent years that it is confronted by powerful forces determined to destroy apartheid. 275. The advance of liberation to the borders of South Africa, the collapse of its allies in Southern Rhodesia and portugal and the intensified actions by committed States and organizations against apartheid, as well as the tremendous advance of resistance inside South Africa since the Soweto massacre, have caused the apartheid regime to become more desperate, aggressive and barbaric. 276. In its gruesome raid on Maseru in December 1982, the apartheid regime killed and wounded unarmed refugees from South Africa and Lesotho nationa1s, including women and children. 277. In its attack on Maputo in May 1983, it again killed and wounded innocent civilians. Among those killed were three workers at a jam factory, including two women, while a number of men, women and children were injured. -46- 278. These cowardly acts are a reflection of the weakness and desperation of a doomed regime. 279. The Special Committee has followed with admiration the great advance of national mobilization for unity and freedom in South Africa, encompassing trade unions, students and youth, religious bodies, community organizations and all other segments of the population, despite the indiscriminate killings and savage repression by the apartheid regime. 280. The Special Committee also notes the advance of the armed struggle by the national liberation movement, ANC and PAC, especially under the leadership of ANC. The armed struggle has enjoyed the support of the masses of people despite the vicious propaganda of the racist regime and has shattered the myth of the invincibility of the racist regime. The Committee pays tribute to the heroism of freedom fighters engaged in the legitimate struggle against a regime which has proved impervious to representations by the people and to all international appeals. The Special Committee takes note of the resolution, adopted at the nineteenth ordinary session of the Assembly of Heads of State and Government of OAU on ·South Africa", which commended "the African National Congress, the vanguard of the national liberation movement of South Africa for the continued intensification of the armed struggle· and saluted "the combatants of Umkhonto We Sizwe (MK) who continue to register victories". The Special Committee condemns the attempts by the racist regime of South Africa and its supporters to label the freedom fighters of the national liberation movement as "terrorists". 281. The Speci~l Committee emphasizes that the actions of the national liberation movement are in sharp contrast with the barbarity of the apartheid regime. When it was obliged to resort to armed struggle, the national liberation movement took great care to avoid loss of innocent lives.!Q/ The Special Committee felt it essential to warn the white community of the consequences if the oppressed people were to retaliate in kind, and urge it to stop the criminal activities of the racist authorities. 282. Simultaneously with the advance of the liberation struggle, there have been fissures in the white community and growing resistance against conscription. The expansion of military and repressive forces has also aggravated the manpower problem of the apartheid regime. 283. The Special Committee is, therefore, convinced that the united Nations and the international community have the power, by concerted action in co-operation with the great majority of the people of South Africa, to ensure a speedy end to apartheid. The main obstacle has been the attitude of certain western Powers and Israel which have failed to implement United Nations resolutions and have provided protection and assistance to the apartheid regime. E. Path to a peaceful solution 284. The Special Committee rejects the contention of certain Western POwers that their policy of collaboration with the apartheid regime and hostility to the national liberation movement is justified by their concern for a peaceful solution. -47- ----_...... _@~ 285. It reiterates that the decisions of the united Nations constitute the most appropriate course toward a just, lasting and peaceful settlement in South Africa in the true interests of all the people of the country. 286. It recalls that 30 years ago, a united Nations commission called for a round table conference in South Africa, guided by the principles of the united Nations Charter, to make proposals to facilitate a peaceful solution. 287. In 1964, the Group of Experts on South Africa, appointed in pursuance of a decision of the Security Council, called for a national convention fully representative of all the people of the country to decide on a new course for South Africa. It stressed the need for an unconditional amnesty for all opponents of apartheid as an essential prerequisite for such a convention, and recommended United Nations assistance towards such a just and peaceful solution. 288. The Security Council, in resolution 473 (1980) adopted unanimously on 13 June 1980, called on the SOuth African regime to take measures immediately to eliminate the policy of apartheid and grant to all South African citizens equal rights, including equal political rights and a full and free voice.in the determination of their destiny. It laid down certain essential measures in that respect and urgently called upon the South African regime -to release all political prisoners, including Nelson Mandela and all other black leaders with whom it must deal in any meaningful discussion of the future of the country-. 289. As the aeartheid regime has spurned all appeals for a peaceful solution and resorted to ever-increasing repression and brutality, the General Assembly has, by overwhelming majorities, urged effective and peaceful international measures, namely, sanctions under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations. 290. Meanwhile, the national liberation movement, which has a commendable record of attachment to peace, felt obliged to undertake an armed struggle as a last resort. The General Assembly has recognized that the aeartheid regime is responsible for the ensuing violence and conflict in South Africa. 291. The few Western Powers referred to above have failed to support and implement the only effective peaceful measure under the Charter, namely, economic and other sanctions. Instead of dissociating themselves from the evil system of aeartheid, they have shown themselves to be anxious to confer respectability on the apartheid regime and enable it to overcome international isolation. They have even equated the barbarity of the aeartheid regime with the legitimate armed struggle of the national liberation movement, professing neutrality and in effect condoning the atrocities of the apartheid regime. Their policies have prevented the peaceful solution espoused by the General Assembly and the Security Council and contributed greatly to the grave situation in southern Africa. Their present professions of concern for a peaceful solution are, in fact, moves to enable the survival of the apartheid regime rather than to contribute to the eradication of the inhuman system of aeartheid. 292. The Special Committee considers it essential that the international community should warn the South African regime of the serious consequences of its policy and urge it to seek a peaceful solution in accordance with the United Nations resolutions, through genuine negotiations with the leaders of the national liberation movement for the elimination of all manifestations of apartheid and racism and the establishment of a democratic State in the interests of all the -48- T people of the country. It calls for the acceptance of a commitment to the principle of universal adUlt suffrage for all racial groups in an undivided South Africa and an unconditional amnesty for all political prisoners, detainees, restrictees, exiles and armed combatants, as well as the abrogation of bans on all political organizations and parties, so as to facilitate such negotiations. 293. At the same time, the international community must insist that the western Powers concerned respect the decisions of the United Nations, recognize the legitimacy of the struggle for liberation from apartheid, and cease providing comfort and encouragement to the aEartheid regime. F. Contribution of the Special Committee 294. The Special Committee observed its twentieth anniversary this year with an assessment of its work since its inception in 1963 and a consideration of the role of international solidarity in the crucial period ahead. It was greatly encouraged by the many messages it received in commendation of its contribution and by the awards presented to it and to the Centre against AEartheid. 295. The Special Committee notes with satisfaction the development in the past two decades of international solidarity with the legitimate struggle of the national liberation movement of South Africa and the contribution it has been able to make in that respect in the discharge of its mandate from the General Assembly. 296. The overwhelming majority of States, including particularly the African, non-aligned and socialist States, as well as numerous religious bodies, trade unions, peace movements and other organizations are now committed to sanctions against the aEartheid regime and to support for the national liberation movement of SOuth Africa. The anti-apartheid and solidarity movements have made and continue to make crucial contributions in this respect. 297. While the Special Committee is conscious of the powerful forces which buttress apartheid, it is convinced that the States and organizations now committed to the eradication of aEartheid represent most of humanity and can prevail if energetic measures are taken by the United Nations to develop concerted action further. 298. The Special Committee has always kept in view the objective of the total eradication of aEartheid and of assistance to the South African people in establishing a democratic State in the interests of all the people of that country irrespective of race, colour or creed. 299. It has always emphasized the importance of concerted international action by all Governments and organizations, irrespective of any ideological or other differences. It has tried to promote consensus for international action and was encouraged by the fact that, on its proposal, many resolutions were unanimously adopted by the General Assembly and the Security Council. The World Conference for Action against AEartheid, held in Lagos in August 1977, and the International Conference for Sanctions against South Africa, held in Paris in May 1981, as well as numerous other conferences and seminars organized by the Special Committee with the participation of Governments, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations and individual experts, have adopted their declarations by consensus. -49- 300. At the same time, the Special Committee could not support moves by collaborators with the racist regime, in the name of consensus, aimed at preventing meaningful action by the United Nations in the discharge of its sacred responsibility. 301. While drawing attention to the attitudes of those States which continue and increase collaboration with South Africa, the Special Committee has tried to persuade them to desist and promoted efforts by the United Nations to inform public opinion in the countries concerned. Its persistent efforts have contributed to the progress of solidarity, as evidenced by the fact that the great majority of States which failed to support the call by the General Assembly in resolution 1791 (XVII) of 6 November 1962 for sanctions against South Africa now support such measures. 302. The Special Committee has also promoted humanitarian, educational and other assistance to the oppressed people of South Africa and their national liberation movement and was encouraged by the wide response. It has made it clear that humanitarian assistance, while most worthwhile, can be no substitute for political action for the elimination of apartheid. 303. The Special Committee is convinced that the course followed by the United Nations, and by itself under the mandate from the General Assembly, is the proper course under the Charter and, indeed, the only means by which the United Nations can make its contribution to freedom and peace in southern Africa. G. Strategy for international action 304. The Special Committee considers that in view of the extremely grave situation in southern Africa and the danger of a catastrophic conflict, the international community should give urgent consideration to a Rt:ategy for decisive action to secure peace and freedom in the region. While recognizing the progress in international action during the past three decades, it emphasizes the need at the present time for a level of action which will soon achieve the objectives sought by the United Nations, especially the elimination of apartheid. The apartheid regi.. can be allowed no more time to entrench apartheid, dispossess the African majority and precipitate a wider conflict. 305. The Special Committee considers that such action requiresl (a) Recognition that apartheid cannot be reformed but must be totally destroyed, that the apartheid regime is the sole enemy of peace and freedom in southern Africa, and that the struggle for liberation from apartheid is not only legitimate but a contribution to the objectives of the United NationsJ (b) Readiness by all committed States, organizations and individuals to take all necessary measures to increase moral, political and material assistance to the liberation struggle, (c) Concerted action by them to ensure that the collaborators with apartheid desist forthwith from such collaboration, (d) The full commitment of the United Nations family of agencies. -50- 306. The Special Committee reiterates the importance of the three main linea of action promoted by the United Nations, namely. (a) Total isolation of the apartheid regimeJ (b) All necessary support to the oppressed people of South Africa and their national liberation movementJ (c) Mobilization of pUblic opinion and encouragement of pUblic action in support of the efforts of the United Nations. 307. As regards the isolation of the apartheid regime, the Special Committee has stressed the vital importance of comprehensive and mandatory sanctions against SOuth Africa, to be instituted by the Security Council under Chapter VII of the Charter of the united Nations and universally applied. 308. It has given utmost priority to a truly effective embargo on all military and nuclear co-operation with South Africa, an oil embargo against South Africa and a number of other economic measures. 309. At the same time, it recognized the importance of sports, cultural, consumer and other boycotts of South Africa, campaigns against transnational corporations operating in South Africa and related actions which enable large segments of the public to reinforce governmental action. It commends organizations and individuals who have complied with the boycotts by rejecting lucrative invitations to play or perform in South Africa. 310. It has stressed that, since the Western permanent members of the Security Council continue to prevent mandatory sanctions, all countries which have not yet done so should take separate and collective measures to end all collaboration with the apartheid regime and exercise all their influence to persuade the Western permanent members to fulfil their responsibilities regarding the grave threat to international peace and security resulting from the policy of apartheid and aggression pursued by the racist regime of South Africa. 311. As regards assistance to the oppressed people of South Africa and their national liberation movement, the Special Committee has drawn attention to the various needs such as humanitarian and educational assistance, assistance to enable the national liberation movement to acquaint world opinion of its struggle and assistance to enable it to prosecute the struggle for liberation. 312. It has also emphasized moral and political assistance, including recognition of the national liberation movement as the authentic representative of the South African people in their struggle for freedom, and support for the campaign for the release of South African political prisoners. 313. To reinforce those activities, the Special Committee has attached great importance to the dissemination of information and to the encouragement of public action by parliaments, local authorities, religious bodies, trade unions and other groups in campaigns to isolate the apartheid regime and support the liberation struggle. 314. The Special Committee considers that the present situation demands that an even more action-oriented approach should be adopted by the united Nations along -51- the above lines with greater vigour and efficiency. It also considers that a greater effort should be expended on actions to expose the collaborators of apartheid and dissuade them from further collaboration. 315. In the light of the above, and while reaffirming the recommendations in its last report which were endorsed by the General Assembly at its thirty-seventh session, the Special Committee presents a number of additional recommendations, or proposals for reinforcing measures already approved, for the consideration of the General Assembly and the Security Council. H. Programme of action against apartheid 316. As indicated earlier, the Special Committee considers it essential that the General Assembly and the Security Council review the implementation of their resolutions on the problem of apartheid and the acts of aggression by the apartheid regime against independent African StatesJ identify the causes of non-implementation, particularly the policies and actions of States which failed to co-operate in international action, and insist that the Western Powers concerned respect the resolutions, recognize the legitimacy of the struggle for liberation from apartheid and cease providing comfort and encouragement to the apartheid regime. 317. It suggests that the General Assembly and the Security Council proclaim their firm determination to secure peace and freedom in southern Africa, warn the racist regime of South Africa of the serious consequences of its policy, and urge it to seek a peaceful solution, in accordance with United Nations resolutions, through genuine negotiations with the leaders of the national liberation movement preceded by an unconditional amnesty for all political prisoners, restrictees and exiles and by an abrogation of the bans on liberation movements and other people's organizations. 318. In view of the gravity of the situation in southern Africa and the need for the widest action, the Special Committee recommends that the General Assembly adopt a new and more comprehensive programme of action against apartheid as a guide to Governments, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations and individuals. 319. The delegation of the Special Committee to the Second World Conference to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination formulated a draft for such a programme, which was introduced at the Conference by the African Group of states and published as document A/CONF.119/C.2/WP.l. 320. The special Committee recommends that the draft, with revisions in the light of comments received, be endorsed by the General Assembly and disseminated as widely as possible. 321. The Special Committee further recommends that the General Assembly and the Security Council endorse the declarations of the conferences organized, co-sponsored or promoted by it during 1983, namely I (a) The International Conference of Trade Unions on Sanctions and Other Actions against the Apartheid Regime in South Africa, Geneva, 10-11 June 1983J ~ (b) The International Conference for Sanctions against Apartheid Sports, London, 27-29 June 1983J ~ -52- (c) The International Non-Governmental Organizations Conference on Action against Apartheid and Racism, Geneva, 5-8 July 1983, ~ and (d) The International Conference on the Alliance between South Africa and Israel, Vienna, 11-13 July 1983. ~ I. Commitment by the United Nations family of agencies 322. The Special Committee emphasizes that all the agencies in the United Nations family should make their maximum contribution, within their mandates, to the international campaign against apartheid. 323. It expresses its particular appreciation for the co-operation of the International Labour Organisation, the Food and Agriculture organization, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and the World Health Organization. 324. It notes with serious concern the assistance provided by the International Monetary Fund to the apartheid regime despite repeated requests by the General Assembly to end such assistance. 325. It also expresses concern over continued participation of South ·Africa in the activities of the International Atomic Energy Agency. 326. It suggests that the General Assembly request the Secretary-General. (a) To instruct all relevant units of the Secretariat and all United Nations offices to promote the international campaign against apartheid in co-operation with the Special Committee, (b) To take all necessary measures to deny any facilities to, and to refrain from any investments in, corporations operating in South Africa, (c) To enter into urgent consultations with the International Monetary Fund and the International Atomic Energy Agency in order to secure their full co-operation in action against apartheid in accordance with the resolutions of the General Assembly, (d) To prepare, in consultation with the executive heads of the united Nations agencies, proposals for concerted action by all agencies in the international campaign against apartheid. 327. The Special Committee further recommends that the plight of women and children under apartheid be given special importance in the agenda of the World Conference of the Decade for Women to be held in Nairobi in 1985 and that action against apartheid be given special attention in the programme of International Youth Year. J. Consideration of the legal status of SOuth Africa 328. In view of the efforts of the racist regime of South Africa to deprive the African majority of citizenship rights, despite unanimous condemnation by the international community, and its moves for a constitutional amendment excluding the -53- le pe African majority from participation in the Parliament, the Special Committee considers it essential that the Security Council and the General Assembly reconsider the question of membership of South Africa in the United Nations and the legal status of the illegitimate apartheid regime. 329. It also draws attention to the fact that the apartheid regime continues to enjoy privileges in the United Nations while refusing to pay contributions to the budget of the Organization, and calls for an immediate suspension of all such privileges• 330. At the same time, the Special Committee suggests that the United Nations reaffirm that the national liberation movement, which has struggled heroically for the principles of the Charter of the united Nations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, is the authentic representative of the aspirations of the. people of SOuth Africa and call on all Governments and organizations to extend it due recognition. K. Sanctions against South Africa 331. The Special committee attaches the utmost importance to the total cessation of all military and nuclear collaboration with South Africa, to an effective oil embargo against SOuth Africa and to economic sanctions against South Africa. 332. It welcomes the decision of the Assembly of Heads of State and Government of CAU, at its nineteenth ordinary session in June 1983, to seek the early convening of the Security Council "for the purpose of strengthening the arms embargo and imposing comprehensive and mandatory sanctions against racist South Africa under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations". 333. It urges the Security Council to take action, without further delay, on the proposals submitted by its Committee on the Question of South Africa in 1980 ~ on the strengthening of the arms embargo and to take~datotY aetion to stop all nuclear collaboration with South Africa. Such Action has become imperative in view of the frequent violations of the letter and spirit of Security Council resolution 418 (1977) and the inadequacy of the monitoring of the arms embargo. 334. The Special Committee attaches great importance to the proposed International Conference on an Oil Embargo against South Africa for the purpose of considering national and international arrangements to ensure the implementation of embargoes imposed or policies declared by oil-producing or oil-exporting countries with regard to the supply of oil and oil products to South Africa. 335. It reiterates that the Security Council should ur~~ntly consider a mandatory embargo on the supply of petroleum and petroleum products to South Africa under Chapter VII of the Charter. 336. It also calls for action by individual Governments in accordance with the recommendations of the General Assembly, pending a mandatory decision by the Security Council, and recommends encouragement of public action in support of the oil embargo, especially in countries whose corporations and tanker fleets have been active in facilitating supply of oil and oil products to South Africa. -54- 337. The Special Committee also draws attention to the importance of the sports, cultural, academic and other boycotts against South Africa. It recommends that the General Assembly call on all Governments to: (a) implement United Nations resolutions on boycotts of South Africa, (b) terminate any cultural ag~eements with SOuth Africa, and (c) take appropriate action with respect to persons visiting SOuth Africa for sports and cultural activities and named in lists prepared by the Special Committee. L. Assistance to the oppressed people of South Africa and their national liberation movement and to the independent African States in southern Africa 338. The Special Committee wishes to emphasize the need for greatly increased moral, political and material assistance to the oppressed people of South Africa and their national liberation movement. It also emphasizes the need for all necessary assistance to independent African states in their defence against Aggression and threats of aggression by the apartheid regime. 339. It suggests that the General Assembly lend its full support to the efforts of the Special Committee to promote assistance to women and children oppressed by apartheid. 340. The Special Committee emphasizes the great importance of the campaign for the release of Nelson Mandela and all other South African political prisoners. While expressing satisfaction at the impressive response to the campaign, it recommends that the General Assembly invite all Governments, organizations and institutions to lend it even greater support. 341. It considers that the General Assembly and the Security Council should consider urgent measures to prevent further executions of patriots in South Africa and to ensure that captured freedom fighters are accorded prisoner-of-war status under the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and Additional Protocol I of 1977. 342. The Special Committee considers it essential that the international community give increasing attention to solidarity with the struggles of people in South Africa against all manifestations of apartheid and to the denunciation of the savage repression unleashed by the apartheid regime. In this connection, it draws particular attention to the courage and determination demonstrated by the black workers in independent trade unions and to the repression against them. 343. The Special Committee again recommends that the General Assembly continue the authorization of funds from the regular budget of the United Nations to enable the South African liberation movements recognized by the Organization of African Unity to maintain their offices in New York. M. Public information and promotion of public action against apartheid 344. The Special Committee attaches great importance to the dissemination of information against apartheid and to public action in support of United Nations resolutions for the isolation of the apartheid regime and assistance to the national liberation movement of South Africa. -55- 345. It stresses the need for a wider mobilization of writers, artists, sportsmen and others in the international campaign against apartheid. 346. It recommends that the General Assembly, (a) Commend the anti~apartheid and solidarity movements, religious bodies, trade unions, youth and student organizations, and other groups engaged in campaigns for the isolation of the apartheid regime and assistance to the national liberation movement of South Aerica, (b) Urge all Governments to\lend all appropriate assistance, including financial assistance, to such groups, especially in countries which continue to collaborate with the apartheid regime, (c) Commend cities, local authorities and institutions which have taken action to boycott corporations involved in South Africa or to honour leaders of the national liberation movement, and invite all others to consider such measures, (d) Request the Secretary-General, in consultation with the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, to prepare proposals for an information service against apartheid. 347. It suggests that the Secretary-General of the United Nations and the Director General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization ~e invited to initiate action, in accordance with General Assembly resolution 33/183 C of 24 January 1979, to honour the memory of "leaders of the oppressed peoples in their struggle against apartheid, racial discrimination and colonialism and for peace and international co-operation" and invite the co-operation of all Governments and organizations. N. Concerted action by committed States and organizations 348. The Special Committee stresses the great significance of the growth of international solidarity, encompassing Governments, organizations and individuals, with the just and heroic struggle of the South African people and their national liberation movement. 349. Many States have made sacrifices out of their loyalty to the principles enshrined in the Charter. Numerous individuals all over the world have risked their lives and made material sacrifices out of a sense of human solidarity. 350. But the international community has been unable to secure the eradication of apartheid because of the anxiety of a few western Governments and Israel and many transnational corporations which seek to profit from the inhuman system of apartheid. They have even profited from the sacrifices of States which broke off relations with South Africa and thereby undermined the effectiveness of international action. 351. The special Committee considers that all committed States and organizations should, at this crucial stage, ponsider further action, in concert, to secure an end to this situation. -56- 352. It welcomes the actions taken by some States and organizations to deny co-operation to transnational corporations and financial institutions which collaborate with apartheid. It recommends further concerted measures towards that eM. 353. The Special Committee supports moves by committed Governments to make concerted efforts to persuade the recalcitrant Governments to co-operate in international action against apartheid. It welcomes the intention of the Organization of African Unity to strengthen its offices in the major Western countries for this purpose and invites all other committed states and organizations to co-operate with those offices. o. Work of the Special Committee against Apartheid and the Centre against Apartheid 354. In the light of the above, the Special Committee recognizes the imperative need for it to expand its activities with a view to securing greater and more concerted action for the total elimination of apartheid. 355. It intends to intensify consultations with Governments and intergovernmental organizations and further develop its co-operation with parliaments, local authorities, anti-apartheid and solidarity movements, peace movements, trade unions, religious bodies and other non-governmental organizations of students, women and others, as well as educational and other institutions. 356. It will give greater attention to mobilizing writers, artists, entertain~ts, sportsmen, religious leaders and others in support of the struggle for liberation in SOuth Africa and for the total isolation of the apartheid regime. 357. It welcomes and intends to support initiatives taken by some artists and athletes to organize benefit concerts and other events for humanitarian assistance to the victims of apartheid. 358. It recognizes the need to pUblicize even more widely the collaboration, especially by certain western States and Israel and foreign economic interests, with SOuth Africa. 359. It will continue and expand the public campaigns in order to promote an end to all military and nuclear collaboration with South Africa, a cessation of all loans to SOuth Africa, comprehensive and mandatory sanctions against South Africa, sports, cultural and other boycotts of South Africa, greater assistance to the oppressed people of South Africa and their national liberation movement, the unconditional release of South African political prisoners and treatment of captured freedom fighters as prisoners-of-war, and action against the propaganda by the apartheid regime and its collaborators. It will give special attention to campaigns in support of front-line States and Lesotho which are subjected to acts of aggression, destabilization and terrorism by the aeartheid regime. 360. The Special Committee has under active consideration the organization or co-sponsorship ofa -57- (a) A North American regional conference for action against apartheid, (b) A seminar on the operation of the arms embargo against South Africa, (c) An international conference in support of front-line states and Lesotho, (d) A seminar on the legal status of the apartheid regime and other legal aspects of the problem of apartheid, (e) A conference on assistance to women and children oppressed by and struggling against apartheid, (f) A meeting to review the progress of the boycott of apartheid sports, (g) A consultation with anti-apartheid movements. 361. The Special Committee recognizes the need for greater emphasis on promoting concrete and day-to-day action against apartheid by Governments, parliaments, local bodies and non-governmental organizations all over the world. Members of the Special Committee and the staff of the Centre against Apartheid should participate more frequently in anti-apartheid events in different countries and make special efforts to spread the campaign against apartheid to regions and segments of publio opinion which have not been active. 362. The Special Committee stresses, in this respect, the need for adequate arrangements to secure information more promptly on developments in southern Africa and on anti-apartheid activities around the world, and for disseminating it urgently to Governments and organizations concerned, as well as the media. The Centre against Apartheid should be equipped to provide increased services in this respect. 363. The Special Committee notes with appreciation the steps taken by the General Assembly and the Secretary-General, at its request, to strengthen the Centre. It has learned with satisfaction that a survey by the Administrative Management Service concerning the organization of the Centre has been initiated and urges prompt action on the results of the survey. 364. The Special Committee requests that the allocation of $400,000 for SPeCial projects of the Committee be continued in 1984 and that the Committee be authorized to seek and receive voluntary contributions for such projects. P. A challenge to the international community 365. The Special Committee has felt it essential to stress the need for greatly expanded international action in view of the extreme gravity of the situation in southern Africa and the wider dangers if the apartheid regime is allowed to continue its acts as an international outlaw. 366. If the situation has not already assumed graver proportions, this is essentially because of the commendable restraint of the national liberation movement of South Africa and the independent States in southern Africa and of their confidence in the United Nations and the international community. -58- 367. The international community cannot allow the South African people and the people of neighbouring States to be subjected to further brutalities by the apartheid regime. It must demand that the Governments and vested interests which collaborate with that regime should forthwith end such collaboration andco-o~rate in international action to stop apartheid oppression and the apartheid war. 368. The Special Committee recalls that it has repeatedly stressed the wider significance of the struggle for freedom of South Africa which has inspired the world by its justice and vision. It is today the crucial battle for the total emancipation of the African continent and for the eradication of racism on this globe. 369. Humanity cannot allow the machinations of those Governments and vested interests collaborating with the apartheid regime, which are driven by greed for profit or so-called strategic calculations devoid of morality, to counter this liberation struggle and enable the racist regime to proceed with its plans for a racist State dominating a constellation of client bantustans in southern Africa. 370. The United Nations has recognized that the struggle in South Africa is of universal concern. The Special Committee commends the Secretary-General for emphasizing recently, ·Peace in southern Africa is a major priority for the United Nations. I will do all in my power to further this objective." 46/ 371. All Governments and organizations and all individuals can and should contribute to the effort to eradicate apartheid and enable the people of South Africa, and of southern Africa as a whole, to live in freedom and peace. The Special Committee will do all in its power to encourage such universal action and invites the co-operation of men and women all over the world. --Notes 1/ A/36/22/Add.2. 11 United Nations press release GA/AP/1393. 11 United Nations press release GA/AP/1448. ~ The report of the mission was published in document A/AC.1IS/L.S93. 21 A/37/691-S/lSS08. !I A/38/272 and 8/15832. 11 A/AC.IIS/SR.521. !I United Nations press release GA/AP/1378. ~ A/AC.115/L.583. -59- Notes (continued) !Q/ The delegation was composed of Mr. James victor Gbeho (Ghana), Chair~n, Sub-Committee on the Implementation of United Nations Resolutions and Collaboration with South Africa, Mr. O. O. Fafowora (Nigeria) and Mr. Keshav Raj Jha (Nepal). 1!1 United Nations press release GA/AP/l384. ~ A/38/3l0-S/l5882. 1dI United Nations press release GA/AP/l383. !iI united Nations press release GA/AP/l388. !2/ AlAC.IIS/L.S71. l!I For the report of the mission, see A/AC.lI5/SR.521. l1/ United Nations press release GA/AP/l4l6. 1!1 United Nations press release GA/AP/l399. 12/ United Nations press release GA/AP/l446. ~ united Nations press release GA/AP/l4l8. 1!1 S/15444. ~ United Nations press release GA/AP/l392. ~ United Nations press release GA/AP/l379. ~ United Nations press release GA/AP/l396. ~ United Nations press release GA/AP/l395. l§I United Nations press release GA/AP/l397. 11I United Nations press releases GA/AP/1402 and GA/AP/14l2. ~ United Nations press release GA/AP/l454. 121 A/38/309-S/l5881. lQ/ United Nations press release GA/AP/l422. l!I A/AC. lIS/SR. 517. 32/ A/AC.ll5/SR.5l8-520. 1lI A/AC. ll5/L. 592. 11/ A/AC.115/PV.509 and AjAC.lI5/PV.510. -60- Notes (oontinued) 12/ A/AC.llS/PV.slS and PV.s16. 1!1 A/AC.lls/PV.s23. l1/ A/AC. lIS/SR. 513. 1!1 United Nations press release GA/AP/1398. l!I International Labour Office, Special Report of the Director-General on the Application of the Declaration Conoerning the Policy of Apartheid in South Africa, 1983, p. 31. !Q/ Even after a series of assassinations and the gruesome raids against Matola and Maseru obliged it to expand its activities, it showed commendable restraint so that the only serious loss of life was a result of the attack on a military establishment in Pretoria on 20 May 1983. W A/38/272-S/ls832. W A/38/3l0-S/ls882. !Y A/38/309-S/ls88l. .w A/38/3ll-S/ls883• W S/14179. !!I United Nations press release SG/SM/34s8, 26 August 1983, Statement by the Secretary-General to the press in Luanda. -61- ANNEX I Review of developments in South Africa from July 1982 to August 1983 CONTENTS paragraphs Page I. INTRODUCTION ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 1 - 8 64 11. REPRESSION AGAINST OPPONENTS OF APARTHEID •••••••••••••• 9 - 70 6S A. Execution of freedom fighters •••••••••••••••••••••• 9 - 11 6S B. Deaths of political detainees in police custody •••• 12 - 19 65 c. Arrests, detentions and torture •••••••••••••••••••• 20 - 27 66 D. Political trials ••.•.••••••.••••••••••••••••••.•••• 28 - 38 67 E. Political prisoners ••••••••.•••••.••.•••••••••.•••• 39 - 49 68 F. Bannings and passport refusals ••••••••••••••••••••• 50 - 54 69 G. censorship and press matters ••••••••••••••••••••••• 55 - 62 69 H. Repressive legislation ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 63 - 70 70 Ill. GROWING RESISTANCE TO APARTHEID •••••••••••••••••••••••• 71 - 104 72 A. General ...... •...... 71 72 B. Workers' resistance . . 72 - 79 72 c. Opposition by South African churches ••••••••••••••• 80 - 83 73 D. Opposition by students ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 84 - 90 74 E. community protests and other activities •••••••••••• 91 - 98 74 F. Armed stru99le ...... •...... •...... 99 - 104 75 IV. BANTUSTANS ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 105 - 110 76 . V. INFLUX CONTROL AND POPULATION REkOVALS ••••••••••••••••• 111 - 118 77 VI. CONSTITUTIONAL PROPOSALS ••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••• 119 - 123 78 VII. MILITARY BUILD-UP ••.••.••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••• 124 - 142 79 A. General ...... 124 - 125 79 B. Defence budget ••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••.•••••••• 126 - 127 79 -62- CONTENTS (continued) Paragraphs Page c. Military forces •••••••••••••.••••••••••.•••••••••• 128 -°130 79 D. Acquisition of military equipment ••••••••••••••••• 131 137 80 E. Armaments industry •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 138 140 80 F. Nuclear developments ••••.••.•••.••••••••••••.••••• 141 - 142 81 VIII. INTENSIFICATION OF ACTS OF AGGRESSION AGAINST NEIGHBOURING STATES ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 143 148 81 IX. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS 149 184 82 A. General ...... 149 158 82 B. Trade . 159 161 83 C. Gold and other minerals ...... 162 163 86 D. Foreign investments and loans . ' . 164 176 86 E. Emigration and immigration •••••••••••••••••••••••• 177 179 89 F. Airlines . . 180 182 89 G. Tourism . . 183 184 89 x• SPOR'l'S •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 185 195 89 XI. CULTURAL CONTACTS ...... 196 - 202 91 Appendices I. List of political trials concluded during the past year ...... •...... 1 - 27 93 II. Chronology of incidents relating to the armed struggle in South Africa during the past year •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 97 -63- I. INTRODUCTION 1. The situation in South Africa continued to deteriorate in the year under review. The apartheid regime further intensified its repression of opponents of apartheid. For their part, opponents of that evil system increased their resistance in every possible way, including an escalation in the armed struggle against the regime. 2. The execution of three freedom fighters, the death in detention of several political detainees and the systematic and widespread torture inflicted upon political detainees as well as continued detentions, political trials, bannings and harassment meted out to opponents of apartheid have only strengthened the resolve of the oppressed people of South Africa to unite and fight for the eradication of apartheid and the establishment of a non-racial and democratic society. 3. While the racist regime expanded its arsenal of repressive laws, harshened the influx controls on the movement of Africans in urban areas, announced its intention to declare the KwaNdebele bantustan so-called "independent" in 1984 and continued to entrench apartheid, blacks struggled against that odious system with greater vigour and unity than ever before. Workers resorted to a record level of industrial action, students demonstrated and boycotted classesJ churches and other religious bodies raised their voices against the evils of apartheidJ and community and civic organizations took every opportunity, such as commemorative services and funerals, to express their abhorrence of apartheid and to struggle against it. 4. In the growing armed struggle against apartheid, freedom fighters escalated their military action and aimed at new targets. For the first time, they hit the personnel of the regime's military establishment. 5. The constitutional changes proposed and propagated by the regime as reforms, but in fact devised to entrench apartheid and perpetuate white domination, were categorically rejected by Africans as well as by the majority of Coloureds and Indians. The pseudo "reforms" were also rejected by the Opposition Progressive Federal Party. They were also rejected, although for different reasons, by two far-right Afrikaner parties and caused a strong split in the seemingly monolithic ranks of Afrikanerdom. 6. South Africa continued to increase its military and nuclear capability and to purchase military equipment, with the collaboration of certain Western States, despite the mandatory arms embargo against it. In addition, it secured an increased inflow of foreign capital and lured some international sports and entertainment personalities to South Africa by paying them huge amounts of money. 7. Faced with growing resistance in the country, the racist regime escalated acts of aggression and destabilization against neighbouring independent African States, thereby precipitating a grave threat to the peace. 8. The seriousness of the situation in South Africa and its ramifications for the maintenance of international peace and security have become a matter of grave concern to the international community. -64- 11. REPRESSION AGAINST OPPONENTS OF APARTHEID A. Execution of freedom fighters 9. Ignoring all international calls for clemency, including those of the General Assembly and Security Council of the United Nations, in June 1983 the apartheid regime hanged three freedom fighters of the African National Congress (ANC), namely Mr. Thelle S. Mogoerane, Mr. Jerry S. Mosololi and Mr. Marcus T. Motaung. ANC and others denounced the barbaric executions. In Soweto, church bells tolled at the hour of executions. 10. Among those who had called for clemency were many Heads of State and Government, the Directors-General of ILO and UNESCO, the Southern African Catholic Bishops' Conference, Mr. James Callaghan (former British Prime Minister) and six members of the House of Lords in the United Kingdom. 11. Many Governments and organizations condemned the executions. At the summit meeting of the Organization of African Unity, the African Heads of State and Government observed a minute of silence in memory of the three martyrs. The President of the United Nations General Assembly, the Secretary-General and the President of the Security Council issued statements expressing shock and dismay at the executions. B. Deaths of political detainees in police custody 12. The ill-treatment and torture of political detainees continued, resulting in the death of several persons. 13. In August 1982, Mr. Ernest M. Dipale (21), a student, was allegedly "found hanged- in his cell at the John Vorster Square police station in Johannesburg. The Detainees' Parents' Support Committee, the South African Council of Churches, the Association of Law Societies in South Africa, Opposition leaders and others condemned the ill-treatment of detainees and the lack of safeguards for detainees. 14. Another political detainee died in September 1982 soon after she was released. Miss Linda Dlotlo (18) of Soweto, who was held under section 29 of the Internal Security Act, was critically ill with asthma when she was released. Johannesburg's senior surgeon laid a charge of assault against the members of the security police concerned. IS. Mr. Tembuyiswe S. Mndawe was said by the police to have committed suicide while in detention in March 1983. He was alleged to have possessed weapons and ANC literature. 16. In July 1983, Mr. Paris M. Molatji (23) was allegedly shot dead at the Protea Police Station while he was detained under the Criminal Procedure Act. His family was unaware of their son's detention. 17. These deaths in detention led to wide protests in South Africa and abroad against South Africa's security laws which provide for indefinite detention without charge or trial. -65- • 18. At the inquest into Mr. Dipale's death, the judge ruled in June 1983 that no one could be held responsible for his death, thus exonerating the security police of any responsibility. Earlier, in December 1982, the magistrate in the inquest into Dr. Neil Aggett's death in detention had ruled that no one could be held criminally responsible for his death. Dr. Aggett died in February 1982, and the lengthy inquest into his death brought out shocking revelations concerning torture in police custody in general and the torture of Dr. Aggett in particular. 19. No member of the security police has ever been convicted in connection with the death of a political detainee in police custody. C. Arrests, detentions and torture 20. The regime continued relentlessly to detain and torture opponents of apartheid. Under arbitrary security laws, political detainees were held indefinitely and incommunicado. Evidence of gruesome torture continued to be revealed in political trials and inquests into deaths in detention, causing world-wide revulsion and protest. 21. Among those detained for opposition to apartheid were freedom fighters, trade unionists, students, teachers, church leaders, Black Consciousness leaders, and leaders of community organizations. 22. On many occasions, opponents of apartheid were detained, released and redetained for purposes of intimidation. When the long-standing court case against 19 trade unionists was finally concluded in November 1982, none was sentenced because of the failure of the police to substantiate the charges. By then, of the 58 trade unionists, students and community workers who were arrested in late 1981, 48 persons had been released after lengthy terms of detention without any charge at all. Charges against three detainees had been withdrawn. One detainee, Mr. Alan Fine, was acquitted. Two of the detainees, namely, Dr. N. Aggett and Mr. E. Dipale, had died in detention. Only four of the detainees had been convicted. 23. In 1982, a total of 193 Africans were detained under security legislation. Of these, 21 were females and 33 were under the age of 20. From 1 January to 9 May 1983, a total of 46 Africans were detained, of whom 10 were females and two under the age of 20. 24. In political trials many of the accused claimed that they had been tortured by the security police during interrogation. Some of them gave the identities of their torturers, but to no avail. 25. A report released by the Detainees' Parents' Support Committee at the end of September 1982 revealed systematic and widespread torture of political detainees in South Africa. Electric shocks, beating, suffocation, forced standing, sleep deprivation and long solitary confinement were among the methods of torture used. In January 1983, the Special committee against Apartheid released a report on the torture of political detainees in South Africa (A/AC.llS/L.S86). 26. On 12 March 1983, thousands of people attended meetings organized by the Detainees' Parents' Support Committee to observe Detainee Day throughout South Africa. -66- 27. As of 11 February 1983, a total of 26 persons were in detention for interrogation under section 29 (1) of the Internal Security Act of 1982. D. Political trials 28. POlitical trials, as an instrument of persecution and repression, involved a large number of opponents of apartheid from different walks of life. !I 29. Many political detainees were tried on such charges as attacking public places and installations, attempting to leave the country for military training or having received military training abroad, recruiting people to join the national liberation movement, furthering the aims of banned organizations, possessing banned literature, singing revolutionary songs, creating public violence, and refusing to give evidence in "treason" trials. 30. Students, youths, trade unionists, journalists and churchmpn constituted th~ majority of those who were SUbjected to political trials. 31. Many trials of opponents of apartheid ended with convictions based mainly on oonfessions made under torture, followed by heavy sentences. Even membership in ANC was regarded as treason in some cases, such as in the case of Ms. Barbara Ann Hogan who was sentenced to 10 years' imprisonment although she was not charged with any aot of violence. She is the first white woman to be convicted of treason in South Africa and is in solitary confinement. 32. The apartheid regime continued to ignore United Nations resolutions and calls from the international community demanding that it accord prisoner-of-war status to oaptured freedom fighters under the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and the relevant Protocol of 1977. 33. In one of the longest trials in South Africa, Mr. Oscar Mpetha (74), an ailing veteran trade unionist, was sentenced to five years' imprisonment. His nine co-defendants were given sentences ranging from seven to 20 years. The trial lasted for nearly three years. 34. By the end of March 1983, a total of 10 people were detained as potential witnesses under section 31 of the Internal Security Act, all of whom had been in detention for longer than three months. In one case, the treason trial of Maqubela and others, five of the six witnesses who refused to testify for the State were sentenced to prison terms ranging from three to five years. 35. It is noteworthy that Mr. Joseph Charles (24) and Mr. Rufus Radebe (19), musicians, were each sentenced to four years' imprisonment for singing "revolutionary· songs, while Mr. Eugene Terre Blanche, the leader of the extreme right-wing Afrikaner Resistance Movement, who believes in white supremacy, was given a suspended 18 months' imprisonment for illegal possession of arms and ammunition. 36. The regime disclosed in Parliament on 25 March 1983 that 117 persons were oharged with offences under the Internal Security Act in 1982. Of these, five were released without trial, nine were acquitted, three were convicted of lesser offences and others were still on trial or awaiting trial on 25 March 1983. Many of them were detained for periods ranging from 90 to 227 days before being charged or released. -67- 37. As every year, hundreds of thousands of Africans were tri~d and sentenced under the "pass laws" during the past year. Even women and chlldren who were arrested at squatter camps were tried on charges of "illegal presence" in those areas. 38. Many other political trials continued. E. Political prisoners 39. The South African press cannot report on the conditions of political prisoners. Since the Rand Daily Mail was prosecuted in the late 1960s for its investigation into prison conditions no such press investigation has been held and very little comes to light concerning the conditions of the political prisoners. But the plight of South Africa's political prisoners continued to be the concern of world public opinion. 40. Despite legislation prohibiting publication of prison conditions, the available information on the plight of political prisoners has continued to cause grave concern. 41. Mr. Thami Mkhwanazi, a former journalist who is serving a seven-year prison term on Robben Island, appealed against the decision of the Commissoner of Prisons prohibiting him from studying for a law degree, but his appeal was rejected. 42. As of 19 April 1983 there were 265 prisoners on Robben Island serving sentences for crimes against the security of the State and 244 others for other crimes. six of the latter category were under the age of 18 years. 43. In May 1983, the Ad Hoc Working Group of Experts on Southern Africa of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights received evidence that the prison conditions of Mr. Nelson Mandela, Mr. WaIter sisulu and their colleagues in the Poolsmoor Prison had deteriorated. In April 1982 Mr. Mandela and others had been moved from Robben Island to the Poolsmoor Prison, Cape Town. They are isolated from other prisoners, and exercise is extremely restricted. 44. The international campaign for the release of Nelson Mandela and other political prisoners, promoted by the Special Committee, received significant support during the past year. 45. On 11 OCtober 1982, the Day of Solidarity with South African Political Prisoners, the British Anti-Apartheid Movement launched a campaign for the release of Nelson Mandela and other political prisoners. The head of the British Trade Union Congress, Mr. Len Murray, sent a letter to the Secretary-General of the United Nations supporting the campaign. 46. At the end of December 1982, members of Parliament of Bermuda presented the Special Committee with a Declaration calling for the release of Nelson Mandela and other political prisoners in South Africa. 47. In April 1983, thousands of people held a candle-light vigil in New York City demanding the release of Nelson Mandela and the according of prisoner-of-war status to captured freedom fighters. At the same time, anti-apartheid groups in the United States began a letter campaign to the families of captured freedom fighters. -68- 48. The Government of the Netherlands appealed to the South African regime in June 1983 for the release of Nelson Mandela and other political pri.soners. 49. Several international honours were bestowed on Mr. Nelson Mandela. The cities of Rome, Italy, and Olympia, Greece, conferred honorary citizenship on Mr. Mandela. The City College of New York awarded him an honorary Doctorate of Law degree, and the borough of Camden in the United Kingdom decided to change the name of one of its streets to Nelson Mandela Street. F. Bannings and passport refusals 50. Bannings and passport refusals continued to be used by the regime as means of persecution and of silencing the opposition to apartheid. Such orders are issued bf a cabinet minister, without leave of appeal. 51. As of 18 February 1983, over 60 persons were under banning orders in South Africa. Because of widespread opposition to the practice of arbitrary banning orders, the apartheid regime renewed the banning orders on 12 persons in July and let the remaining orders expire. Dr. Beyers Naude's banning order continued in force because it had been imposed in October 1982 under the new Internal Security Act. Persons formerly banned continue to be subject to some restrictions. 52. Among the banned is Mrs. Winnie Mandela. Her banning order was extended for five years, for the sixth time since 1962 when her husband, Mr. Nelson Mandela, was arrested. Earlier, the regime had lifted the ban on Mrs. Helen Joseph (77) but continued to "list" her as a communist so that she could not be quoted. 53. One banned Durban journalist, Mr. Marimuthu Subramoney, was refused permission in September 1982 to attend a communications conference in Nairobi, while Dr. Beyers Naude, banned former director of the banned Christian Institute, was refused permission to accept an invitation to go to the Frankfurt Book Fair in OCtober 1982. 54. Among those who were refused passports were Bishop Desmond Tutu, General Seqretary of the South African Council of Churches, Mr. Hassan Howa, Chairman of the Western Province Cricket Board and former President of the South African Council on Sport, and Dr. Neville Alexandre, a prominent scholar. Both Bishop Tutu and Mr. Howa have been refused passports repeatedly. As an exception, Bishop Tutu was given a travel document to travel to the United States in 1982 and a travel document to travel to Canada and New Zealand in 1983. Also, Mr. Sello Rasethaba, Secretary of the Mankweng branch of the Azanian people's Organization, was refused a passport to travel to the United States on scholarship. G. ~ensorship and press matters 55. The racist regime continued to persecute journalists and further restrict the freedom of the press. It banned a very large number of publications and films critical of !partheiq. According to a study prepared by Stellenbosch University in March 1983, the number of publications submitted and the number banned increased threefold from 1967 to 1978. -69- 56. The regime even attempted to censor a speech made in Parliament on the sUbject of the Salem oil scandal which received world-wide publicity in 1979. Similarly, it threatened the press with further restrictions because of the reporting of a speech in Parliament concerning certain police atrocities in Namibia. 57. The security police searched the residences of some journalists and tried some others in a secret trial under the Officials Secrets Act (now replaced by the Protection of Information Act) and fined them for reporting on the abortive coup d'etat in the Seychelles. Other journalists are now under trial for allegedly having obstructed the ends of justice. 58. The regime asked the major South African newspapers to provide detailed information on all Nforeign" sub-editors and journalists employed by them. It also demanded that foreign journalists obtain permission each time they wish to enter Soweto during the month of June, when commemorative services are held for the Soweto uprising of 1976. On 16 June 1983, foreign and local journalists were allowed to tour Soweto only in police buses. 59. The editors of the Rand Daily Mail and the South African Press Association were warned by police that criminal charges against them for publishing information were being investigated under the Police Act. They had published reports on atrocities committed by the police in Namibia, based on statements made by the chairman of the South African Catholic Bishops' Conference. 60. In the last few years, 15 out of the 24 editors of major newspapers in the country have been either convicted or threatened with prosecution. The laws affecting the press are so numerous and so framed that it is extremely difficult for an editor to avoid contraventions. Over 100 laws require that official permission be obtained before pUblishing any news on SUbjects such as the police force, the armed forces, the prison service, atomic energy, oil procurement and the activities of the security and intelligence services. 61. The regime has increasingly threatened the press with stricter statutory controls. To ward off further controls, the Newspaper Press union decided to replace the Press Council by a Media Council for self-control of the press. The regime, however, hurried to enact the Registration of Newspapers Amendment Act of 19S2.---It postponed the implementation of the new legislation, however, and warned the press that the promulgation of the new act was kept in abeyance in order to give the Media Council the opportunity to prove itself. 62. In a resolution adopted in May 1983, the International Press Institute condemned the continued harassment and persecution of the press and journalists in South Africa. H. Repressive legislation 63. Since July 1982, South Africa's repressive legislation has been further tightened and made harsher. 64. The new security legislation, which consolidated security provisions contained in about 12 laws, is embodied in the Internal Security Act (No. 74 of 1982). It came into operation on 2 July 1982. Like the legislation that it superseded, it is not based on habeas corpus and leaves political detainees at the mercy of the -70- security police. Detainees may be kept indefinitely in solitary confinement, with no contact with their families and lawyers. There are no regular independent medical checks of detainees. Provisions for visits to detainees by magistrates have proved no protection against ill-treatment and torture. The new security legislation was widely deplored both inside and outside South Africa. 65. The new Act provides for so-called preventive detention (sect. 28), for detention for interrogation (sect. 29, which has replaced the notorious sect. 6 of the Terrorism Act) of persons who are thought by the regime to be terrorists or to be withholding information relating to terrorist activities, and for the detention of people as witnesses (sect. 31) in criminal proceedings. It also perpetuates the regime's power to ban anyone whom the Minister of Law and Order considers a threat to the pUblic order. 66. Section 46 of the Act empowers the Minister of Law and Order and magistrates to prohibit gatherings. It was put into operation in August 1982 and has been used to impose restrictions on funerals of opponents of apartheid who had.given support to the struggle for liberation. In the case of the funerals of Mr. Ernest Dipale who had died in detention and of Mrs. Nana Rebecca Mbuli who had participated in the 1956 women's demonstration against the "pass laws", it was ordered that specific routes should be followed, that only mechanical transport might be used and that there should be no political speeches, songs, prayers, posters, banners, pamphlets or flags. 67. Under section 46 (3) of the said Act, and by announcement in the Gazette of 2S March 1983, the Minister of Law and Order prohibited all gatherings in the country, with few exceptions, with effect from 1 April 1983 to 31 March 1984. 68. Another law passed during the period under review is the Protection of Information Act which prohibits, among other things, obtaining or preparing documents or information relating to the defence of the Republic, any military matter, any security matter or the prevention or combating of terrorism for the purpose of disclosure thereof to any foreign State or hostile organization. The Nuclear Energy Act (No. 92 of 1982) prohibits the disclosure of information relating to reserves of ores containing source material and to nuclear licences and I installations. 69. In March 1983, the Police Amendment Act (NO. 24 of 1983) was enacted to empower the police to search vehicles on public roads anywhere in the country, anytime and without warrant. 70. In May 1983, the Parliament passed the Criminal Law Amendment Act (No. 59 of 1983), increasing the penalty for trespassing (which is defined as entering any bUilding or property without the permission of the owner or a lawful occupier). This measure is intended to be used against squatters under the influx control laws and against trade-union organizers who are often charged with trespassing in connection with their activities to organize workers in factories. -71- Ill. GROWING RESISTANCE TO APARTHEID A. General 71. Despite brutal repression, the resistance to apartheid continued with greater vigour and unity. Workers, students, journalists, teachers, Churches and black community organizations resisted and struggled against apartheid in all its manifestations, while the national liberation movement escalated the underground and armed struggle. B. Workers' resistance 72. The emerging black trade-union movement continued to grow in force and influence. Black workers increasingly went on strike, work stoppages and -go slow· actions for decent wages, better working conditions and the recognition of their trade unions. 73. While the regime used influx control and security laws to weaken black unions. the emerging black trade-union movement increasingly provided the voteless black popUlation with a channel to express their indignation against apartheid. Despite the economic recession, lay-offs and repression, these unions continued to grow and strengthen their struggle for their trade-union and human rights. 74. The regime has been concerned with the growing power of black trade unions. To break workers' strikes, the police intervened at sites of dispute, using tear-gas and police dogs, while the regime set up a fund to intervene in strikes and financially assist white workers who refused to join strike action. Influx A control laws were used to force African workers to return to "homelands • Police were called to the scene of 167 incidents of labour unrest in 1982. 75. Black workers strongly opposed the Orderly Movement and Settlement of Black Persons Bill, the demolition of shacks and the regime's constitutional proposals. Many unions expressed opposition to the official industrial council system and emphasized the need to develop union strength at the shop-floor level. They called for the abolition of the migrant labour system, while black workers have increasingly linked their economic demands with their opposition to apartheid. 76. In 1982, there were 394 strikes and work stoppages in South Africa, the highest number in the country's history. More workers were involved and many more man-days lost in 1982 than in 1981. About 140,000 workers went on strike in 1982, as compared to 93,000 in 1981, and an average of 1,000 workers were involved in strikes each day. Only black workers were involved in the strikes. Also, there was better co-ordination among the black unions in 1982. During the first quarter of 1983, there were 25 recorded strikes and work stoppages in South Africa. 77. The neWly-formed National Union of Mineworkers, an affiliate of the Council of Unions of South Africa, continued its rapid growth and has signed up over 20.000 members from among African mineworkers. The Intimidation Act, which was passed in 1982, was used by the regime to thwart organizing efforts, particularly in the mines. Moreover, mine-owners made it difficult for union organizers to have access to mineworkers by barring organizers from workers' hostels, denying them tbe use of meeting halls or refusing permission to distribute leaflets. -72- 78. The struggle of black trade unions and workers in South Africa generated international support and solidarity, including that of the dockworkers in the United Kingdom, Belgium, the Federal Republic of Germany and the Netherlands. 79. In the United States, leading trade unions set up the "New York Area Labor Committee Against Apartheid" in June 1983 to join the international movement against apartheid and to extend support and solidarity to black trade unions in South Africa. The Labor Committee opposed the proposed development of a casino in Atlantic City, united States, by the Southern Sun Hotel Holding Company, Ltd., of South Africa, which has promoted tours of foreign entertainers to South Africa. Also, the Headwear Joint Board of the Amalgamated Clothing and Textile Workers' Union undertook an informational campaign against the sale of children's headwear made in South Africa. The campaign received the support of leading unions, churches and civic and community organizations. C. Opposition by South African churches 80. During the past year, churches in South Africa expressed opposition to apartheid in stronger terms than ever before. 81. Mr. Allan Boesak, president of the World Alliance of Reformed Churches (WARC), spoke at a symposium on human rights in September 1982 and said that Christians should not tolerate situations where families were separated in the name of "influx control". Dr. Boesak, a leading theologian of the (Coloured) Sendinkerk, was elected president of WARC in August 1982 when WARC adopted a resolution declaring apartheid a heresy and suspended the Nederduitse Gereforrneerde Rerk and the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk, the two white South African Reformed Churches. In January 1983, he joined with African and Indian leaders in setting up the "United Democratic Front" to oppose the constitutional proposals which they consider a -devious scheme disguised to divide the people", and to work in unity for a non-racial and unitary state. 82. In an interview in Kentucky, United States, Bishop Desmond Tutu, General Secretary of the South African Council of Churches, said in September 1982 that the situation for Africans under apartheid had become worse and, as examples, cited the deaths of political detainees in police custody in 1982, the renewal of banning orders, the new repressive laws and the constitutional proposals. At a press conference at the United Church of Christ in New York, Bishop Tutu accused the apartheid regime of having a "final solution" for Africans as exemplified by proposals such as the Orderly Movement and Settlement of Black Persons Bill. Later, he openly advised people who wanted to marry across the colour bar to do so in defiance of the Mixed Marriages Act. 83. Many churches in South Africa declared apartheid a heresy or not binding on Christians, rejected justifications for detention without trial, appealed to Christians not to serve on regime-created bodies and opposed the constitutional proposals both on theological and on political grounds. They also opposed the Orderly Movement and Settlement of Black Persons Bill, the regime's contemplated land deal with Swaziland, the religious broadcasts of the South African Broadcasting Corporation, the establishment of bantustans, the new legislation imposing heavier penalties on conscientious objectors to military service, the laws prohibiting inter-racial marriages and other apartheid policies. -73- ... * D. Opposition by students 84. Black students boycotted classes in protest against repression and demonstrated against segregationist and discriminatory educational policies, including the racial quota system proposed by the regime to replace the permit system for the admission of .black students to white universities. They also protested against the visits of overseas artists and sportspersons to South Africa in defiance of the international boycott. 85. Students at the University of the North and the University of Natal's Medical School in Durban pledged their solidarity with the 1,500 students who had been expelled by the University of Fort Hare after they had demonstrated against inadequate living conditions in hostels. 86. Black students also participated in commemorative and funeral services, protested against the lack of facilities at black universities and demanded a single educational system for all South African students. 87. In the latter part of 1982, thousands of students of the University of the North boycotted classes demanding the release of two stUdents, members of the Azanian Students' Organization, who had been detained by the security police. 88. About 50 students were injured and some admitted to hospital in the Dhomeland D of Lebowa in June when police raided student hostels following commemorative services held on the anniversary of the Soweto uprising (16 June). At other locations, large-scale student demonstrations on 16 June were also violently repressed by the police. 89. In June, July and August 1983, particularly, there were frequent demonstrations and protests in black schools and universities across the country. Students often boycotted classes in protest against the appointment of white teachers and principals to their schools and against the arrest or dismissal of other students. In their resistance, students were motivated by their strong opposition to the segregated and inferior black education system and other inhumanities of apartheid. In several cases, police were called in, students arrested and schools closed. 90. Democratic white students, too, held large-scale demonstrations in protest against the Universities Amendment Bill which sought to establish racial quotas at white universities for the admission of blacks. The Bill was enacted into law (Universities Amendment Act) which was finally shelved under strong protests by the campuses of the English-speaking universities. E. Community ~rotests and other activities 91. Numerous black community organizations, civic associations and others took every opportunity to resist apartheid. 92. Such organizations as the Azanian People's Organization, the Teachers' Action Committee, the Soweto Committee of Ten, the Soweto Civic Association, the Detainees· Aid Movement, the Workers' Support Committee, together with trade-unionI church and student organizations, called for boycotts of overseas artists and sportspersons visiting South Africa for performances and athletic competitions, -74- ~------_._----- held meetings throughout the country to commemorate the 1956 demonstration by women against the ·pass laws·, defied magistrates' orders specifying conditions for certain funerals, commemorated the anniversary of the Soweto Day and of the death in detention of the black consciousness leader Steve Biko, and demonstrated in protest against sharp increases in the price of bread, in rents, in bus fares and in electricity and water fees. Singing freedom songs and giving the clenched-fist salute, often amidst tear-gas used by the police, they turned these events into platforms against apartheid. 93. Black people boycotted buses in protest against increases in fares, held a memorial service for those killed during the apartheid regime's raid into Lesotho in December 1982 and demanded a single educational system for all South Africans. They also opposed forcible resettlement policies and shack demolitions, observed Human Rights Day (10 December) and expressed support for detained, banned and banished persons. 94. Detainee Day (12 March) was observed for the first time in 1983 throughout the country. Meetings were held in black townships to commemorate Sharpeville Day (21 March), with the participation of the Media Workers' Association of South Africa, the Black Women United, the Black Lawyers' Association, the Federation of South African Women and other organizations. i- 95. Many community and civic organizations, as well as trade unions, churches and student and women's organizations, attended the funeral of Mr. Saul Mkhize who was fatally shot by police in April because he opposed the regime's decision to move forcibly the community of Driefontein to bantustans. 96. The execution of the three ANC freedom fighters on 9 June 1983 was followed by protests, demonstrations and school boycotts throughout the country. 97. The Congress of South African students, the Women's Federation, the Detainees' Aid Movement and other organizations established the Anti-Community council Committee to boycott elections to the regime-created village and township councils and to organize instead their own community organizations. Elections to the village and township councils, which are to replace the present community councils, are planned to be held in autumn 1983 under the Black Local Authorities Act of 1982. 98. A series of meetings were held throughout South Africa in August 1983 to t conunemorate the National Women's Day, the anniversary of women's demonstrations against the ·pass laws" in 1956. he F. Armed struggle 99. The armed struggle, which has been growing constantly since 1976, rose to higher levels during the past year. Freedom fighters blew up major military and economic installations and, for the first time, hit military personnel. BI 100. Bombs exploded at the South African Air Force headquarters in Pretoria, ~n killing 19 military and civilian personnel and injuring over 200 others, and at the Koeberg nuclear installation, causing extensive damage, as well as at railway ~, lines, court premises, administration boards, water pipes, electricity supply stations and other places. -75- - 101. The attack on the Koeberg nuclear power station in December 1982 was the fifth successful attack on energy installations within six months of that date. 102. On a number of occasions, freedom fighters engaged the police in gun battles in which both policemen and freedom fighters were killed. Police claimed to have arrested several freedom fighters in possession of weapons and ammunition and also to have found large caches of arms and ammunition. 103. A number of freedom fighters were tried for having received military training abroad or having recruited or attempted to recruit people for such training. The Institute of Strategic Studies reported that about 20 blacks leave South Africa monthly for military training and that 22 incidents of armed struggle occurred in the country in 1982. It further reported that in 1983, up to 25 March, there were some 10 sabotage incidents. 104. The national liberation movement increased its military operations and its capacity to hit targets at will. In addition, the incidents of armed struggle were better organized and better synchronized with political actions than before. IV. BANTUSTANS 105. The problems of unemployment, lack of land, poverty, malnutrition and disease in bantustans worsened. Yet, in furtherance of the bankrupt bantustanization policy, the regime announced its intention to grant so-called "independence· to KwaNdebele in 1984. Most of KwaNdebele's population lives outside that "homeland·, and most of its labour force works outside as migrant labour (employed on a contract basis in white South Africa, such as mineworkers) or commuter workers (residents of the ftnational states· who commute daily across borders to places of employment in white South Africa). 106. In collusion with the leaders of the four so-called "independent homelands·, the regime established in 1983 the Southern African Development Bank as a device to lure the six remaining fthomelands· into sham "independence" since the Bank is to ~rovide the only channel through which they can receive development aid from the regime. 107. The first general elections in Bophuthatswana since its 50-called "independence", held in 1982, were boycotted by the Africans. Of about 300,000 Tswanas in Soweto and Johannesburg, only 135 cast their votes. 108. The situation in the bancuscans assumed such tragic proportions that the South African Council of Churches launched the Hunger Relief Fund to help the most needy. In KwaZulu about half a million people were suffering from malnutrition, while 300,000 others were SUffering similarly in Gazankulu, Transkei and Ciskei. In some areas, one child died of starvation each day. 109. According to the South African National TubercuJosis Association, about 10 persons died of t~berculo$is ~very day in South Africa because of poverty, undernourishment, unemployment and miserable economic conditions which affect mainly Africans. The South African Institute of Race Relations pointed out that the regime's popUlation removal programme had helped to destroy subsistence agriculture and contributed to the staggeringly high African infant mortality rate. -76- 110. Although the court decided in one case, known as the Rikhoto case, that African workers who had worked in "white South Africa" for more than 10 years had the right to live with their families at the place of their work, yet the regime refuses to recognize that right to African workers from the four so-called "independent homelands· on the grounds that they belong to independent States and are therefore ·foreigners". These "foreigners·, however, are sUbject to the 72-hour (curfew) and other restrictions which do not apply to citizens of independent states. V. INFLUX CONTROL AND POPULATION REMOVALS Ill. Influx controls were implemented with greater harshness than ever. The regime arrested, tried and harassed "pass law" offenders, deported them to "homelands", demolished "illegal" shelters and imposed higher penalties against employers who employ "illegal· African workers. 112. Although the Orderly Movement and Settlement of Black Persons Bill has not been enacted, the regime has already begun implementing its major provisions. The Bill, if enacted, will prevent all Africans deemed to be "citizens" of the so-called "independent" bantustans from becoming permanent residents in urban areas except for those who already have rights of residence under section 10 of the Blacks (Urban Areas) Act. It will also increase penalties for employers who employ s~called "illegal" Africans and will give greater powers to officials to remove "squatters". 113. During "pass" raids, police and officials of the administration boards have often been aided by police dogs. As reported by the Black Sash, the rate of arrests under the influx control laws has nearly doubled since 1980. Africans were forced back to "homelands", compelling them to live away from home, wrecking their family life and making it difficult for them to obtain employment and acquire skills. Raids related to ·pass laws" were stepped up, while removals and resettlements continued. 114. The regime took repressive measures to reduce the number of African workers allowed at night in white residential areas in the major cities. African domestic servants were told to leave Durban and Johannesburg at night. Their employers were asked to produce medical certificates supporting their need for servants, and inspectors withdrew domestic workers' permits. 115. Despite a recent court judgement (Rikhoto case) upholding the right of long-term migrant workers to live in white urban areas with their families, administration boards are using a variety of devices to obstruct the granting of rights to those who qualify. The boards said that they would not recognize the workers' city rights if they had taken leave during their contracts, if they were "citizens" of "independent homelands" and if they had ~o housing available to them. They also began refusing permission to those workers to change their jobs and stipUlating in contracts of employment that a contract worker would lose his job if members of his family from outside the area joined him. 116. In implementing its plan to remove the popUlation of Driefontein, a village of African farmers, police fatally shot in cold blood Mr. Saul Mkhize, one of the leaders of the community opposing the removal, and arrested several others. The regime also announced its intention to remove thousands of Africans from KwaNgema, Daggerkraal and KwaNgwane as well as the townships of Langa, Nyanga and Guguletu. -77- S' =SFV'ns 117. It was reported that in 1982 a total of 112,646 Africans were arrested by officials of administration boards and 93,376 others by the police under the RpaSS laws·. Many of them, inclUding women, were found guilty and were fin~ or otherwise punished. Children were also among those held in raids. 118. A study released in June 1983 showed that more than 3.5 million people had been relocated since 1960, that more than 2 million had been convicted under inflUX control laws, and that at least 2 million more are under the threat of removal. Over 75 per cent of all those removed were Africans. VI. CONSTITUTIONAL PROPOSALS 119. The constitutional changes proposed by the apartheid regime, offering the Coloureds and Indians limited representation in the Parliament, were introduced in Parliament in May 1983 for debate in an atmosphere of growing opposition from all sectors of the population. The proposals envisage a three-chamber parliament formed by whites, Coloureds and Indians. The African majority is excluded from the proposed parliamentary system. 120. The proposals have been denounced by the Africans and the great majority of Coloureds and Indians because they are designed to divide the black people, stifle their political aspirations, conscript Coloureds and Indians into the army to defend the apartheid system, entrench apartheid and prolong white domination. They have also been rejected by the Opposition Progressive Federal Party on the grounds that they would increase racial polarization, while the far-right Herstigte Nasionale Party and the Conservative party have both opposed the proposals on the grounds that such changes would Ultimately end up in racial integration. The proposals have also caused a deep rift in the ranks of the Afrikaners, both in the ruling National Party and in the Broederbond, the secretive group which has provided guidance to the National Party since 1948. 121. The Prime Minister promised that a referendum would be held among the whites on the constitutional proposals. He also said that the opinion of the Coloureds and the Indians would be tested on the same subject. In August 1983, the prime Minister announced that the referendum among the whites would be held on 2 November 1983. 122. tn January 1983, over 300 delegates representing a large number of trade-union, civic, student and other organizations established the United Democratic Front to oppose the regime's constitutional proposals because, as they said, ·under the new constitutional system South African Coloureds and Indians are meant to become junior partners in the oppressive enterprise of apartheid". They expressed the belief that the proposals are designed to divide Africans rigidly into rural and urban, relegating the rural Africans to the poverty of the so-called Rhomeland R while maintaining control over the urban Africans under the guise of reform. They adopted a declaration pledging to fight in unity against the proposals and to work for the establishment of a non-racial and democratic society in South Africa. The Front was launched nationally on 20 to 21 August 1983. Mr. Nelson Mandela, Mrs. Helen Joseph, Mr. Hassan Howa, Dr. Allan Boesak, and Dr. Beyers Naude were named patrons of the Front which elected three presidents, namely, Mrs. Albertina Sisulu, Mr. Oscar Mpetha and Mr. Archie Gumede. -78- 123. In June 1983, the National Forum Committee, representing a wide spectrum of black leaders, adopted the Manifesto of the Azanian People that identifies Mracial capitalismM as South Africa's real enemy and pledges to work for the establishment of an -anti-racist, socialist republic". The National Forum, too, rejects the constitutional proposals out of hand. VII. MILITARY BUILD-UP A. General 124. During the period under review, South Africa's military and nuclear capability continued to increase with the tacit collaboration of certain Western countries and Israel, as well as multinational corporations based in these States, becoming an ever-increasing threat to the peace and stability in southern Africa. 125. In this context, the increasing military and nuclear collabora~ion by Israel with the South African regime, the relaxation by the United States of the arms embargo against South Africa and the lack of effective monitoring of the mandatory embargo have caused grave concern. B. Defence budget 126. The regime has continued to conceal total military expenditures within different budgetary provisions while making it a criminal offence, within the context of several acts, to publish figures concerning defence expenditures unless sanctioned by the regime. It has, therefore, become difficult to compare current budget estimates with past expenditures. 127. The 1983/84 budget estimates for defence totalled R3,093 million, a 15.9 per cent increase from R2,668 million in 1982/83. C. Military forces 128. There was a decrease in the overall manpower of the South African Defence Force (SADF) during the period under review as the result of a shift in emphasis from manpower to increased mechanization. Overall manpower decreased by 12.2 per cent to 81,400 in 1982-1983 from 92,700 in 1981-1982. Total conscripts in the armed forces decreased to 53,100 in 1982-1983 from 66,000 in 1980-1981. During the same periods African and Coloured regulars increased by 1,400 to 5,400. The navy decreased its manpower from 6,400 to 5,000 and the air force from 10,300 to 9,000. 129. In 1982-1983, the South African army's active reserve still totalled 130,000. However, reserve service was increased from 30 days per year for 8 years to 60 days per year for 12 years. 130. The South African navy increased its capacity by adding to its fleet the Kobie Coetzee, another Minister-class strike craft and high-speed missile carrier built in South Africa by Sandor-Austral and Armscor. -79- D. Acquisition of military equipment 131. In 1982-1983, the regime continued to find ways and means to circumvent the mandatory arms embargo imposed upon it by the Security Counci1 through resolution 418 (1977) under Chapter VII of the Charter. This was achieved with the tacit approva1 of certain Western States and, in particular, by overt collaboration by Israel and the local authorities in Taiwan. Extensive evidence continued to appear in the Western media concerning Western and Israeli military collaboration with South Africa, especially Israel's role in the supply of defence technology, nuclear equipment and expertise. 132. An important development over the past year has been the current United States policy of Wconstructive engagementW, inter alia, paving the way for many United States exports to South Africa which had been blocked in previous years. The United States Commerce Department has been issuing licences for computers and other equipment which can be used for military purposes. Mr. Malcolm Baldridge, the Commerce Secretary of the United States, has called it wa more flexible policy· on exports of dual-use items, inclUding nuclear-related materials• .I 133. South Africa imported from the United States, inter alia, "shock batons·, described by' their manufacturer as "humane, effective and non-lethal", and the RTaser", a ~igh-voltage dart gun, to be used by the South African police. 134. In 1983, the United Kingdom Government authorized Marconi, a British telecommunications company, to sell radar equipment worth R8.5 mi1lion to South Africa. The equipment could be used for military purposes. 135. On the other hand, some Governments have taken further steps to implement the mandatory arms embargo against South Africa. It was reported that in January 1983 the Swiss Government began an investigation of the allegation that an international transport company, the British subsidiary of the Swiss freight company, Keuhne and Nagel International, had shipped arms to South Africa through Switzerland. The arms were 1,000 Belgian FN-meuser rifles from an arms dealer in London, shipped to South Africa via London in 1980. 1~6. It was reported in April that the Spanish Government stopped a South African military deal altogether totalling $300 million to repair and modernize three French-designed Daphne-class submarines of the South African navy in Spain. Included in this agreement was the South African navy's interest in ordering naval vessels inclUding submarines from Spain. 137. In June 1983, the Danish police confiscated a shipment of small arms bound for South Africa. The shipment, sent to Denmark from Austria, was discovered at Kastrup Cargo Centre. Authorities were reported to have said that those involved in the shipment would be prosecuted for having breached the united Nations mandatory arms embargo against South Africa. E. Armaments industry 138. South Africa's military industry has shown significant growth since the imposition of the mandatory arms embargo in 1977. However, as a result of the cessation of war in what was then Southern Rhodesia, resulting in a decreased demand for arms, the Armaments Development Corporation (ARMSCOR) of South Africa -80- was reportedly producing at 50 per cent capacity. During the past year, the South African r4gime mounted a major effort to increase its armaments exports to make up for the reduced demand. Media reports indicated that ARMSCOR successfully exported arms to various destinations through companies mostly in Western Europe. 139. ARMSCOR participated in the Defendory (Defence) Expo '82, an international armaments exposition held in Athens, Greece, in OCtober 1982. in which many North American and West European-based arms producers participated. After representations by the World Campaign against Military and Nuclear Collaboration with SOuth Africa. the Greek Government ordered ARMSCOR to close down its pavilion and appointed an official to investigate how ARMSCOR had obtained permission to participate. 140. ARMSCOR announced in March 1983 plans for the establishment of an advanced experimental armaments testing facility of approximately 38.000 hectares for the South African Defence Force (SADF) and the armaments industry. F. Nuclear developments 141. During the period under review, extensive evidence of close co-operation in nuclear matters between Israel and South Africa emerged, including statements by prominent officials and experts in Israel and the United States. As a result of this collaboration. SOuth Africa's nuclear weapons capability. including neutron bombs, a missile delivery system with a range of 1,500 miles and launching equipment for nuclear warheads. has reportedly improved, posing a grave danger to southern Africa and to the African continent as a whole. South Africa. it is reported. has now enough material and sufficient technoloqy to produce a dozen nuclear weapons. Furthermore. it has combat aircraft capable of delivering them. 142. The successful ANC operation against the Koeberg Nuclear Power Station on 9 December 1982 resulted in the indefinite delay of one of its reactors which was due to become operational ~ the end of 1983. VIII. INTENSIFICATION OF ACTS OF AGGRESSION AGAINST NEIGHBOURING STATES 143. Alarmed at the development of resistance in South Africa. the apartheid regime has resorted 'to increased military aggression and destabilization against independent African States. 144. South Africa not only continues to occupy parts of southern Angola. but is also striVing to expand its occupation further north. No country in the region has been spared the regime's brutality. On 9 December 1982. the racist forces of the South African Defence Force (SADF) mounted their biggest massacre ever in Lesotho, leaving 42 South African refugees and Lesotho nationals dead. In May 1983, the racist regime bombed civilian targets. inclUding a jam factory in Maputo, causing a number of casualties. Reports from Western correspondents and diplomats refuted the claims of the apartheid regime that the targets were ANC military bases. 145. A report on the mission of the Special Committee to front-line states (A/AC.llS/L.593) indicates an escalation of the regime's acts of aggression and destabilization throughout the region. There is a growing feeling among front-line -81- a . States that the apartheid regime is determined to secure its positions at all costs, including the possible occupation of some of the territory of front-line States to serve as buffer zones. According to South African press reports, the South African military has been highly impressed and motivated by the Israeli occupation of southern Lebanon. 146. The chief of SADF, General Constand Viljoen, recently disclosed the regime's strategy aimed at curtailing the activities of national liberation movements. The plan involves negotiating peace agreements with front-line States, whereby the parties would not allow their territories to be used by opposition groups to mount military attacks against each other's territory. General viljoen said that, if no agreement was reached, his country might consider using the military option, meaning attacks on front-line States under the pretext of eliminating liberation movements based in their territories. 147. The racist regime has also declared its willingness to offer military bases to any insurgent groups from front-line States, should the latter continue supporting liberation movements. Already, two such groups have been receiving military support from the apartheid regime, namely, UNITA (Unias Nacional para a Independencia Total de Angola) from Angola and the Mozambique National Resistance (MNR) from Mozambique. 148. Apart from direct military incursions into front-line States, the regime has also been engaged in acts of destabilization, such as economic sabotage, espionage and assassination. For instance, in December 1982, the apartheid regime, through its proxy MNR, blew up the oil pipeline from Mozambique to Zimbabwe, leaving Zimbabwe's industry operating at half its normal capacity for approximately three months. In JanuarY/February 1983, the insurgent group from Lesotho launched a series of bomb attacks on several economic installations during the meeting of the Southern African Development Co-ordination Conference (SADCC) held in Maseru, Lesotho. The regime's agents have blown up bridges, power installations, railway lines, roads, etc., in several front-line and neighbouring States. IX. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS A. General 149. ·South African economic growth rate was negative in 1982. Real gross nationa1 product (GNP) declined by 2.5 per cent in 1982 as against 1.5 per cent in 1981. 150. South Africa's economic downturn which started at the end of 1980, continued in 1982, resulting mainly from the stagnant economic activity of its main trading partners in North America and Western Europe, the continuing shortage of skilled African manpower and the effects of drought on the agricultural sector. 151. Severe drought decreased agricultural production by 7.5 per cent in 1982. The AgricUltural sector was estimated t~ yield approximately R800 million in gross farmers' incomes in 1982-1983 as compared to R2 billion in 1981-1982. As a resu1t, South Africa will have to import maize to meet its domestic requirements. 152. In 1982, the consumer price index (CPI) declined slightly to 14.7 per cent from 15.2 per cent the year before. However, during the last quarter of 1982, the price of white bread increased by 25 per cent and brown bread by 17.8 per cent, -82- resulting in severe financial and nutritional effects on the majority of Africans, especially the unemployed numbering more than 1 million. 153. In 1982, SOuth Africa's current balance-of-payments account gave a deficit of RJ,037 million - R664 million less than in 1981 - resulting from a decline in merchandise imports, a substantial increase in the value of the net output of gold and a slight increase in merchandise exports. 154. Although the fall in the volume of imports and the improvement in gold prices started as early as July 1982, reducing the deficit on the current balance-of payments account, the turnaround began almost immediately after the formal approval of the application for a Rl,200 million ($1.1 billion) loan from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in November 1982. The interest rates on the IMF loans are much lower than those on private loans. The IMF loan was approved, despite the protest of the overwhelming majority of the States Members of the United Nations, as a result of the weighted voting system applied at IMF. 155. The loan enabled the regime to repay some private short-term foreign credits as well as to increase its foreign exchange reserves. According to some reports, SOuth Africa stopped collecting disbursement of its IMF loan because the rising price of gold had wiped out its balance-of-payments deficit. In this connection, it should be noted that South Africa's foreign exchange reserves increased from R289 million in OCtober 1982 to Rl,002 million in November 1982. 156. The ongoing revival in the economies of its main trading partners and the stabUization of the gold price around $400 per ounce were expected to have positive effects on the South African economy in 1983. As long as the stabilized gold price continues at $420/450 per ounce, South Africa could expect a balance-of-payments surplus this year of approximately R3 billion. 157. As a result of balance-of-payments deficits in 1981 and during the first three quarters of 1982, South Africa's short-term liabilities to the international financial markets totalled R3.5 billion as of the end of March 1983. It was expected that South Africa would again use IMF stand-by financial facilities during the current year to decrease a portion of its short-term foreign financial liabilities. 158. It was strongly suspected that South Africa had made substantial payments for strategic imports in March 1983 when its foreign exchange reserves, excluding gold, decreased to R460 million from Rl,067 million in February 1983. B. Trade 159. In 1982, South Africa's exports totalled Rl8,759 million, an increase of 4.6 per cent from R17,919 million in 1981. Imports totalled RIS,099 million, a decrease of 0.1 per cent from R18,111 in the previous year. South Africa's trade deficit totalled R7,967 million in 1982, a decrease of 6.7 per cent as compared with 1981. -83- - Table 1. Current balance-of-payments account of South Africa (seasonally adjusted annual rates in millions of rand) ill.! 1982 1983 (1st quarter) Merchandise exports 9 579 10 132 10 210 Net gold output 8 340 8 627 10 800 Merchandise imports -18 111 -18 099 -15 210 Net service and transfer payments -3 509 -3 697 -3 790 Balance on current account -3 701 -3 037 2 010 "I Source. The South African Reserve Bank, Quarterly Bulletin, June 1983. 160. As of the end of April 1983, South Africa's trade deficit totalled R2,2l3 million (R5 billion at a seasonally adjusted annual rate). Table 2. Balance of payments, January-April 1983 (unadjusted in millions of rand) Exports Imports Deficit January 1 639 1 303 336 February 1 660 1 060 600 March 1 917 1272 645 April .!..2.1l 1 III 632 6 959 4 746 2 213 Source. Rand Daily Mail, Johannesburg, 30 May 1983. 161. In 1982, South Africa's exports to the Federal Republic of Germany, France, Japan, the united Kingdom and the United States totalled $7,325 million, a decrease of approximately 10 per cent from 1981's total of $8,118 million, and imports totalled $9,331 million, a decrease of approximately 23 per cent from the total of $11,463 in 1981. The decrease in exports could be attributed to its major trading partners' stagnant economies which continued throughout 1982. -84- Table 3. SOuth Africa's main trading partners, 1981-1982* (millions of dollars) Imports ,by SOuth Africa ,,Exports by south Africa , ,'l'Ota1 trade , of of of of of of Country 1981 total 1982 total 1981 total 1982 total 1981 total 1982 total United States 2 934 21 2 380 22 2 767 25 2 135 22 5 701 22 4 515 22 Federal Republic of Germany 2 734 19 2 549 23 1 166 10 1 154 12 3 900 15 3 703 18 United Kingdom 2 483 17 2 107 19 1 412 12 1411 14 3 895 15 3 518 17 Japan 2 230 16 1 664 15 1 762 15 1 886 19 3 992 16 3 550 17 France 1 082 8 631 6 1011 9 739 8 2 093 8 1 370 7 Italy 729 5 549 5 1 740 15 1 610 16 2 469 10 2 159 10 , Switzerland 344 2 265 2 79 1 76 1 423 2 341 2 co III I Netherlands 320 2 n.a. - 217 2 n.a. - 537 2 n.a. Belgium 304 2 231 2 394 3 389 4 698 3 620 3 Canada 224 2 194 2 322 3 167 2 546 2 361 2 Sweden 201 1 162 1 49 5 58 1 250 1 220 1 Others 638 4 293 3 510 4 202 2 1 148 4 495 2 TOtals 14 223 11 025 11 429 9 827 25 652 20 852 SOurce: United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics, Series D. * The figures do not include gold, arms and oil, and they cover the Southern African Customs Union. ~ _~._c.,-"c, .... -," -,,;;,,,_,;;,,,_,;,,, ,,,,, ,,,,.___ <> '.' ,"-' - "'" c. Gold and other minerals 162. In 1982, the value of South Africa's mineral sales increased by 4.5 per cent to R14,340 million from R13,724 million in the previous year. 163. Estimates of South African coal reserves have been increased from 110,000 million to 113,329 million tons. The total tonnage of coal exported in 1982 declined to 28 million tons, 63 per cent from 1981. This was a result of weak coal demand from its main trading partners, particularly in Western Europe. It was expected that South African coal exports would rise by 14.3 per cent in 1983 with further increases expected in the coming years. D. Foreign investments and loans 164. In 1982, the inflow of foreign capital totalled R2,6l4 million as compared to R866 million in the previous year. 165. The net capital outflow during the first quarter of 1983 totalled R645 million, R274 million representing long-term capital and R37l million short-term capital. Table 4. Net capital movements (not related to reserves) (in millions of rand) 1981 1982 1983 (1st quarter) Long-term capital Central government and banking sector 167 1 125 -52 Public corporations and local authorities 666 335 181 Private sector -291 ---453 -403 Total 542 1 913 -274 Short-term capital, not related to reserves, inclUding unrecorded transactions 324 701 -371 Total net capital movements 866 2 614 -645 Source, The South African Reserve Bank, Quarterly BUlletin, June 1983. 166. Approximately 59 per cent of the long-term capital inflow consisted of loans raised in the international financial markets by the Treasury, the South African Transport Services (SATS) and the Department of Posts and Telecommunications. The rest consisted of long-term capital, mostly as loans to public corporations and the private sector. -86- m "BIii__ 167. South African banks borrowed approximately R6 billion from the international financial markets as of the end of March 1983, an increase of R2,371 million from March 1982, mainly short-term trade finance and working capital loans from foreign banks and Euromarket institutions. Most of the recipients were domestic companies and South African subsidiaries of transnational companies financing their imports or exports or utilizing foreign credit lines instead of domestic overdrafts for general cash as a result of low interest rates in the financial markets of South Africa's major trading partners. Table 5. Foreign exposure of South African banks* (in millions of rand) March 1983 March 1982 Off- On- Off- On- balance- balance- Capital balance- balance- Capital sheet sheet surplus sheet sheet surplus Barclays 1 886.2 430.2 72.6 1 544.8 955.2 37.2 French 80.5 25.3 7.4 38.5 12.3 8.2 Hill Samuel 77.4 9.5 12.7 67.6 10.2 14.0 Nedbank 1 021.4 626.4 50.7 162.0 595.4 95 Santam 244.2 9.8 0.1 155.9 0.2 5.5 Senbank 108.6 11.9 8.4 63.7 58.6 12.2 Standard 1 037.9 252.3 79.4 572.9 667.5 40.4 Trust 375.6 75.4 29.7 166.3 140.7 19.8 Volkskas 913.5 63.5 24.5 630.4 197.7 16.2 Yolks Merchant 219.5 7.0 8.8 166.1 6.3 8.8 Other 5.1 87.4 81.7 84.5 Total 6 019.9 1 586.8 3 649.9 2 728.6 Source. Financial Mail, Johannesburg, 15 July 1983. *Notea Off-balance-sheet figures cover only bills discounted and guarantees, which~m the bulk. On-balance-sheet figures cover only selected deposits and loans from foreign sources outside southern Africa. Including banks listed separately, the totals cover 19 banks, mainly commercial and merchant. 168. South African banks or South African subsidiaries of foreign banks act as agents for short-term trade finance and working capital loans between the recipients and the financial institution abroad. Although the borrower could, technically, approach the foreign financial institution directly, according to a South African banker Mit's easier for (foreign financial institutions] to approach us. We know the local companies,M ~nce again proving the close co-operation between the South African and foreign financial institutions. -87- ..... 169. In 1982, according to the financial media reports, Electricity Supply Commission of South Africa (ESCOM) received a $300 million suppliers' credit from the Hermes export credit guarantee organization of the Federal Republic of Germany to buy power station turbines from Kraftwerk Union of the Federal Republic. Furthermore, in the same year, ESCOM was reported to have raised a DM250 syndicated loan, organized by Bayerische Vereinsbank of the Federal Republic as a lead manager. In the same year, Iron and Steel Corporation of South Africa (ISCOR) raised SwF 50 million in the Swiss capital market through the Union Bank of Switzerland as the lead manager. 170. It was reported in May 1983 that during the current year ESCOM had borrowed $75 million and BATS OM 100 million from the international financial markets. Furthermore, reports in June indicated that Standard Merchant Bank (SMB) of South Africa was raising another loan for SATS in the international financial markets, totalling £30 million, approximately R5l million. 171. Furthermore, the United Kingdom-based Standard Merchant Bank of South Africa was reportedly raising a $25 million loan in the international financial markets. Soditic SA, a subsidiary of Banca Commerciale Italiana Spa. in Italy, was reported to be negotiating another loan from the international financial markets for an undisclosed amount and borrower. 172. During the first eight months of 1982, direct investment from the Federal Republic of Germany totalled Rl3.9 million and was expected to exceed R28.8 million by the end of the year. These were the official figures, showing only a part of the total annual investments, as they do not include reinvestment of profits. 173. It may be noted, as an example, that during the first eight months of 1982, the turnover of Bayerische Motorwerke (BMW) of South Africa totalled R2Sl million as compared to.R179 million during the same period in 1981. The parent company in the Federal Republic of Germany was reported to be planning to invest Rl50 million in South Africa by 1984, exclUding substantial loan-financing. 174. In March 1983, Volkswagen of South Africa, based in the Federal Republic of Germany, announced plans for a R280 million expansion to its assembly plant in South Africa over the next five years. 175. In 1983, United States-based companies operating in south Africa were permitted to use the facilities of the United States Export and Import Bank (Eximbank). The Bank, backed by the united States Government, provides credit to exporters and importers of United States goods. It was effectively prevented from doing business in South Africa in 1978 by the Evans Amendment, stipUlating that the United States Secretary of State must certify that the labour practices of the United States-based companies operating in South Africa are in line with the Sullivan principles before they can use the Bank's facilities. 176. The financial media indicated that the United States-based Westinghouse Corporation was planning to invest R40 million in a new coal gasifier at SASOL 11 and that construction would begin in mid-1983 and end a year later. -88- , i I ~ E. Emigration and immigration ~ ill I 177. During the first five months of 1982, a total of 16,861 immigrants came to ~ South Africa, 93.8 per cent from the United Kingdom. Among them, 785 were engineers, 95 medical doctors and dentists, 126 accountants, 162 educationalists, ~ 602 administrative and managerial workers and 1,435 clerical and related workers. Jf !I 178. In the same period, 3,317 SOuth Africans emigrated from South Africa. Among Ij'1 them, 106 were engineers, 20 doctors and dentists, 54 accountants, I. 63 educationalists, 124 managerial and administrative workers and 246 clerical and 11 related workers. ,1 ,I 1"{ 179. In November 1982, Mr. F. W. de Klerk, Minister of Internal Affairs of South Africa, said that immigration to South Africa from Europe will continue in the •W future to augment -home-grown- manpower. I~' ~ F. Airlines I ,~ 180. In Septembel 19a2,- SOuth African Airways (SAA) announced that it would start ri direct weekly flights between Johannesburg and Houston, Texas, United States. Despite opposition from congressional and civil rights groups, the Civil Aviation ·1 Board (CAB) of the United States granted the necessary landing permission to SAA h which started the flights in December 1982. Approximately 100 policemen and security workers were on hand at Houston International Airport because of demonstrations organized at the airport by the South African Task Force, an , anti-apartheid group. ,I 181. In March 1983, Lufthansa, the national carrier of the Federal Republic of Germany, increased its flights between Frankfurt and Johannesburg from four to five. The manager of Lufthansa in South Africa was quoted as saying that -exports from West Germany to South Africa have grown steadily over the past years and this I accentuates our need to provide an extra flight-. I 182. In 1983, SAA received the latest model of the Boeing 747-300. The aircraft was. financed with loans from the United States Export-Import Bank. I J G. Tourism 183. The South African tourist industry earned R630 million in the l2-month period from June 1981 to June 1982. In the same year, over 700,000 tourists visited South Africa. 184. In 1982, the then Secretary of State for Foreign Trade of Portugal, Mr. Fernando Faria de Oliveiria, visited South Africa to discuss with the South I African authorities, inter alia, how to increase tourism between Portugal and South I Africa. I x. SPORTS 185. As the international community intensified its campaign against sports I contacts with South Africa, the apartheid regime and its sports organizations I became increasingly aggressive in luring international sports personalities to -89- ... SOuth Africa. During the past year, the regime and its sports bodies organized sports events at an estimated cost of more than $5 million. However, owing to international and local pressure, some of the events never took place. 186. In OCtober 1982, the South African Cricket Union (SACU) organized a cricket tour by a group of 14 Sri Lankan cricket players. Each was offered R65,000 to tour South Africa. The players were immediately banned by the Sri Lankan sports authorities for accepting this offer. The owner of the Sun City pleasure resort in the so-called "independent- State of Bophuthatswana, Mr. Sol Kerzner, staged at his resort a series of international golf tournaments at a cost of $2 million, the biggest money tournaments in the history of golf. Later, in December 1982, the SOuth African Professional Golf Association organized a $1 million golf tournament featuring 10 international golf players, namely Severiano Ballesteros, Ray Floyd, Johnny Miller, Jack Nicklaus, Greg Norman, Jerry Pate, Gary Player, Craig Stradler, Lee Trevino and Larry Wadkins. 187. In January 1983, SACU was able to lure 15 cricketers from the West Indies to tour SOuth Africa. The cricketers were each offered R90,OOO and there were plans for them to return to South Africa later this year. Their tour raised widespread international outcries and they were immediately banned by their respective sports bodies and the International Cricket Council (ICC). In another development, announcements were made for a million-dollar-plus boxing championship at Sun City, featuring Kenny Bogner, Roberto Duran, Ray Mancini and Davey Moore. 188. Apart from these widely pUblicized big-money events, several other events, particularly in boxing, golf, gymnastics, motor racing, swimming and tennis, took \place in South Africa. Meanwhile, South African sports personalities, particularly golf and tennis players, continue to be able to participate in international events abroad, mainly in the United Kingdom and the United States. For instance, in July this year, four SOuth African tennis players participated in the Wimbledon Tennis Championships at Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. 189. Certain international sports bodies have been particularly active in support of apartheid sports. In August 1982, the World Boxing Association (WBA) appointed Mr. Justice H. W. O. Klopper, President of the south African Boxing Board Control, as Acting President of WBA for a period of thr~~ months. The International Tennis Federation (ITF) charged the organizers of the Stockholm Open in Sweden with a penalty fee of $25,000 because the Swedish Government denied visas to four South African tennis players. 190. In another attempt to frustrate the efforts of the United Nations to isolate South Africa, Mr. John Carlisle, a member of the British Conservative Party, unsuccessfully lobbied the Maryleborne Cricket Club (MCC), of which he is a member, to send a cricket team to South Africa. On 14 July 1983, the MOC overwhelmingly voted against Mr. Carlisle's proposal. 191. Meanwhile, in SOuth Africa, in May 1983, the South African Amateur Athletics Union (SAAAU) launched an unsuccessful legal battle against the International Amateur Athletics Federation for expelling South Africa from the world body and for banning it from taking part in the Olympic games and other international events. Earlier in March 1983, the South African Rugby Board (SARB) appointed Mr. Tommie Campbell, the former Irish international golf player and current Chairman of the United Kingdom-based Freedom in Sports Movement, as their overseas representative. -90------_._-.~- 192. Although the apartheid regime is looking for a convenient way of handling international isolation, pressure against it has been mounting. In South Afrioa in Maroh 1983, the South Afrioan Counoil on Sport (SACOS) started its own blaoklist of sports personalities who oontravene the SACOS resolutions, banning them from contaot with multinational sports. people who appear in the SACOS list would not be able to take part in SACOS sports. There were also reports that, owing to international and local pressure, some big business interests that have been . financing -rebel- tours and o~her big-money sports events were reoonsidering their role as apartheid finanoiers. 193. On the international level, apartheid sport was dealt a heavy blow in OCtober 1982, in Brisbane, Australia, when the Commonwealth countries unanimously adopted a new code of conduct designed to foroe SOuth Afrioa into total isolation. The new code provides for the expulsion from the Commonwealth Games Federation of any member country whose teams or individuals compete in or against SOuth Africa. 194. In April 1983, the Frenoh Government ordered all French sports organizations to end all contacts with South Africa because of its apartheid policies. Earlier, the Australian Government, which had banned -rebel- West Indian cricketers, extended its ban to all cricketers who participated in unofficial tours to South Afrioa. The Australian Government made it clear that its ban included United Kingdom and Sri Lankan cricket players who went to South Africa in 1982 and joined any future rebel tours. The ban would apply as long as the players were banned by relevant national cricket bodies. 195. Most Governments, with the notable exception of the United Kingdom and the United States, continued denying visas to South African sports personalities and banning their sportsmen from participating in any international sports in which South Africa was represented. Because of international pressure and its impact on South Africa's partioipation in international sports, a number of South African sports personalities have been leaving South Africa to settle in foreign countries where they could have easy access to international sports events. XI. CULTURAL CONTACTS 196. While significant progress has been made in isolating the apartheid regime in sports, the campaign for the cultural boycott of South Africa, especially in the area of entertainment, is yet to make an effective impact. Most of the entertainers who continue to defy the united Nations call for the cultural boycott of the apartheid regime come from western States, in particular, the united Kingdom , and the United States. As in the case of sports, money is the driving force for most entertainers who tour South Africa. Many of these artistes have been performing in the so-called State of Bophuthatswana, on the pretext that it was an -independent- black State. 197. Among the prominent artistes who toured South Africa in July 1982 were Federico Cerva, a dancer from Spain, and Liza Minnelli and Olivia Newton-John from the United States. other tours were made by George Benson, a jazz singer from the United States, in August 1982, Clarence Carter and Jimmy Smith, also from the United states, in OCtober 1982, and Dolly Parton in December 1982. In January 1983, Julio Iglesias from Spain toured South Africa, followed in February 1983 by Shirley Bassey and David Essex from the united Kingdom. In April and May 1983, respectively, Barry Manilow and Linda Ronstadt, both from the United -91- ------~: FE 51 Er States, toured South Africa. In July 1983 Rod Stewart, the British rock star based in the United States, toured South Africa. These are just a few of the many artlstes known to have toured south Africa in the past year. 198. Meanwhile, South Africa itself was represented at several international shows and contests, such as the 1982 Miss Universe Contest in Peru in July 1982, the Royal Highland Flower Show in Edinburgh, Scotland, in July 1982, and the Seventh International Paloma O'Shea Piano Contest at Santander, spain, in August 1982, where a South African pianist, Mr. Marc Raubenheimer, won first prize. Recently, in July 1983, South Africa and for the first time, one of its bantustans, the so-called windependent· State of Transkei, were represented in the Miss Universe Contest, held at St. Louis, Missouri, in the united States. Also in July 1982, in an effort to boost its propaganda campaign in the united States, the racist regime employed a new film-distributing company, the Audience Planners, Inc. of Hollywood, California, to handle the distribution of South African documentaries in the United States. 199. The racist r'gime continues to enjoy academic, educational and scientific exchanges with certain Western States and Israel. For instance, in February 1983, the WOrld Medical Association (WMA) elected to its Council the Secretary-General of the Medical Association of South Africa, Dr. C. E. M. Viljoen. Later, in March 1983, South Africa was represented at the first international meeting on drug issues, held in Colombia, Maryland, in the United States. During the same month, Professor Andr' P. Brink of Cape Town was awarded France's highest civilian honour, the Chevalier of the Legion of Honour. 200. There are encouraging signs, however, that the cultural boycott is picking up momentum. Protests by anti-apartheid groups inside South Africa have disrupted several shows and concerts by certain entertainers, such as Paul Anka's concerts in Sun City. 201. In July 1982, several South African artistes held a week-long symposium on ·Culture and Resistancew at the University of Botswana in Gaborone. The symposium was attended by musicians, writers and actors. It resolved to work for a boycott of overseas artistes visiting SOuth Africa. Meanwhile, in the United States, in June 1983, the O'Jays, who had toured South Africa in 1981, organized a symposium on ·Cultural Boycott of Racist South Africaw in Los Angeles, California. The purpose of the symposium was to educate the general public and fellow entertainers about the evils of apartheid, as well as to urge entertainers to honour the boycott. 202. In addition, anti-apartheid movements, both in the United States and in other Western countries, have been picketing those artistes who refuse to honour the boycott. More and more artistes have come to realize that they cannot co-operate with a~rtheid without provoking condemnation in their home countries. !V For a list of detainees who were tried and sentenced during the year under review see appendix I to this annex. ~ Reported incidents of the armed struggle against the apartheid regime are enumerated in appendix 11 to this annex. -92- !? .sed APPENDIX I J, List of political trials concluded during the past year* i 1. Mr. Thelle SilllOn MOGOERANE (23) Mr. Jerry Semano MOSOLOLI (25) Mr. Marcus Thabo MOTAUNG (27) " ANC members. Convicted on 4 AJgust 1982 of attacks on police stations, power It plants and railways. Sentenced to death on 6 August 1982. Appeal for clemency to in the State President was rejected and they were executed on 9 June 1983, despite an 1me international campaign to save their lives. ood, ited 2. Mr. S. l. BlLA (28) Mr. B. MOKGONYANA (19) Sentenced in August 1982 on charges of furthering the aims of ANC and possessing 83, prison'~'fm,end 1 of banned literature. Mr. Bila was given a/two-year Mr. Mokgonyana an effective prison term of 12 months. drug h, 3. Mr. M. I. TAHO Mr. L. JOLOBE (25) lour, Mr. L. MPAHLWA (23) Mr. M. HONGO Mr. B. NGCUKA (28) I up I Convicted in August 1982 for refusing to testify for the State in the trial of :8 in Mr. Maqubela and his two co-defendants on charges of treason. Mr. Taho was sentenced to a five-year prison term, Mr. Jolobe and Mr. Mpahlwa each to a four-year term, and Mr. Hongo and Mr. Ngcuka each to three years. All of them had I been in detention since December 1981. dUD ~tt Ln 4. Mr. Charlton NTULl (73) Lwa Sentenced to a five-year prison term in August 1982 for being a member of ANC. The ,era sentence was later reduced to three years. rcott,i, 5. Mr. S. GABA :her Mr. M. MAQHUTYANA Mr. P. MAQUBELA lte ANC members. Each sentenced by the Nata Supreme Court in September 1982 to a 20-year prison term for allegedly having conspired with ANC to overthrow the regime. It are * Does not include the trials which ended in acquittals or withdrawal of charges. Many other political trials continued. I -93- t 6. Hr. A. S. BUTHELEZI Mr. A. DLOMO Mr. M. NYANDENI ANC members. Each sentenced in September 1982 to a five-year prison term for al~eged~y having received military training abroad and to seven years for possessing arms and ammunition, the sentences to run concurrently. 7. Miss Barbara Anne HOGAN (30) ANC member and former researcher at the South African Institute of Race Relations. Convicted of high treason in OCtober 1982 for furthering the aims of ANC. Sentenced to a lO-year prison term. Appeal against conviction and sentence was denied. 8. Mr. Mzwandile MBETHE Mr. Myeleli SALIWA Each sentenced to a five-year prison term in OCtober 1982 under the Transkei Public Security Act for participating in -terrorist- activities and recruiting individuals to join ANC. 9. Mr. James Z. KATI (53) Mr. Peter B. KING (57) Convicted under the Transkei Public Security Act in OCtober 1982. Each sentenced to an effective seven-year prison term for taking part in -terrorist- activities and endangering the maintenance of law and order in Transkei, the so-called -independent- State. 10. Mr. Suzman N. MOKOENA (22) Sentenced in OCtober 1982 to a 20-year prison term for allegedly having taken part in the attack on an electricity station and for being a member of ANC. 11. Mr. Rogerio Hoffsani G:HAMUSSo- (32) Convicted on three counts under the Terrorism Act in December 1982. Sentenced to an effective 24 years in prison for sabotage and for allegedly receiving military training abroad and possessing limpet mines. 12. Mr. Pikinini MAPHUMULO (51) Sentenced to a five-year prison term in December 1982 for having encouraged four persons to undergo military training abroad, which would further the aims of ANC. 13. Mr. Carl NIEHAUS (22) Student at the University of Witwatersrand and member of the Dutch Reformed Church. Sentenced to 50 days' imprisonment in December 1982, suspended for five years, for being in possession of banned literature. -94- f 14. Mt. Phillip DLAMINI (31) General Secretary of the South African Black Municipal and Allied Workers' Union. Sentenced in January 1983 to 18 months in prison for refusing to give State I evidence in the -treason· trial of Miss Lillian Keagile. I 15. Mr. Lazarus MMOLEDI (26) Mr. Andrew MOKONE (19) Mr. Vulindlela MAPEKULA (22) I Mr. Reginald NKOSI (21) B. Convicted in March 1983 of furthering the aims of ANC. Mr. Mmoledi was sentenced to a four-year prison term for playing a cassette with a recording of a speech by the President of ANC, Mr. Oliver Tambo, MI. Mapekula and Mr. Nkosi each to three years, and Mr. Mokone to two years, for "participating- in ANC activities. 16. Miss Lillian KEAGILE (24) lio Sentenced in March 1983 to a six-year prison term for furthering the aims of ANC. ala 17. Mr. Joe THLOLOE (banned journalist) Mr. Sipho Moffatt NGCOBO Each sentenced to two-and-a-half years' imprisonment in April 1983 for possessing PAC literature. :d 18. Mr. Steven Sipho MZOLO Mr. Nhlanganiso SIBANDA Each sentenced to three years in prison in April 1983 for possessing PAC literature. 19. Ms. Nomakephu Jane NTSATHA (25) Mr. Mncekeleli Lawrence PETER (21) Charged in the Zwelitsha Magistrates Court (Ciskei) with recruiting persons to join ANC, being office bearers of ANC, and being in possession of ANC publications. Convicted and sentenced in April 1983 to five years and three years in prison, respectively. 20. Hr. Rejoice MAKWELE (24) Sentenced to seven years in prison in April 1983 for undergoing military training abroad. , > • 21. Mr. Khaya SKWEYIYA (21) ANC member. Sentenced in May 1983 t~ 15 years in prison for alleged high treason and assault and having undergone military training abroad. 22. Mr. N. J. LUSISI (30) Mr. P. T. MASHIGO (22) Mr. N. MANANA (26) ANC members, who were already serving life sentences, were each sentenced to a further 15 years in May 1983 for alleged "murder and robbery attempt". -95- --- ».ltl 23. Hr. Oscar MPETHA (74) and nine others Ailing veteran trade unionist. Was charged with -inciting- disturbances at the Crossroads squatter camp in 1980 which resulted in the deaths of two whites. Sentenced in June 1983 to five years in prison after a trial which lasted nearly three years. Nine other co-defendants were given sentences varying from 7 to 20 years. 24. Hr. Joseph CHARLES (24) Hr. Rufus RADEBE (19) Musicians. Each sentenced to four years in prison in June 1983 for singing -revolutionary- songs and -participating- in ANC activities. 25. Hr. Headley Moses KING Convicted on 2 August 1983 of participating in ANC activities and sentenced to an effective 12-month prison term. 26. Hr. Jacob MASHEGO (25) Hr. Peter Thabo MOLOI (29) Sentenced on 10 August 1983 to five-year and one-year prison terms, respectively, for playing and/or possessing ANC cassette tapes. Two years of the five-year prison term were suspended for five years. 27. Hr. Peter R. MOKABA (24) Hr. Joseph M~KE (20) Sentenced on 12 August 1983 to six-year and 13-year prison terms, respectively, under the Terrorism Act. -96- APPENDIX II ChronologY of incidents relating to the armed struggle in South Africa :be during the past year ar1y ) 28 July 19821 A bomb exploded outside the New Law Courts in Port Elizabeth. Three persons, including two policemen, were injured. August 19821 A series of explosions and fire caused an estimated RlOO,OOO damage at an army headquarters in Durban. Early OCtober 19821 A gun battle erupted in the KwaZulu area of northern Natal. One policeman and a freedom fighter were killed. A magistrate imposed restrictions on the funeral of the freedom fighter, including a prohibition on political speeches, songs and processions. 2 November 19821 A series of explosions blew up petrol tanks at the Mobil fuel depot in Mkuze in northern Natal, which is the site of an operational military airstrip. This was the fourth known sabotage of an oil depot in 1982. It was re1y, also the ninth time that specifically oil targets had. been hit by units of Umkhonto we sizwe. 8 November 19821 Warrant-Officer Phillipus Selepe, who had given State evidence at several political trials, was shot at close range with an automatic weapon. He gave evidence for the State at the trial of the three ANC freedom fighters who were later executed by the regime, namely Mr. ThelIe Simon Mogoerane, Mr. Jerry Semano Mosololi ly, and Mr. Marcus Thabo Motaung. 14 November 19821 An armed confrontation took place between three freedom fighters and the police near Retief in the eastern Transvaal. The previous day two policemen had been shot. 20 November 19821 Two groups of men armed with rockets and machine-guns attacked a police station and a Defence Force outpost in Tongo in KwaNgwane. Two servicemen were injured. 15 December 19821 An explosion damaged two transformers at the Annandale substation of the Electricity Supply Commission, causing damage estimated at between R80,OOO and 100,000. Power was cut in some areas but no one was hurt. 16 December 19821 Mr. Bartholomew Hlapane, who had given State evidence in a number of political trials, was killed along with his wife. In March 1982 Mr. Hlapane also testified before the United States Senate Sub-Committee on Terrorism. -97- 18 and 19 December 19821 Four bombs exploded in a staggered series over a l2-hour period at South Aftica's nuclear power station in Koeberg, north of Cape Town. Electricity supply to nearby towns was temporarily disrupted. ANt claimed responsibility for the attack which was described as a ·salute to our fallen heroes·. The reference was to 30 ANC members who were among the 42 persons killed by South African forces in a raid on Maseru, Lesotho. The Koeberg nuclear station is protected by some of the most intense security precautions of any installation in South Africa. The Minister of Mineral and Energy Affairs said in Parliament that the bombing would ·seriously delay· the opening of the nuclear power plant. 26 January 19831 An explosion in the offices of the Eastern Cape Administration Board in New Brighton, Port Elizabeth, killed one man and injured seven others. 27 January 19831 A bridge in Bloemfontein was partially destroyed by a bomb. 30 ~anuary 19831 An explosion damaged the provincial Supreme Court building in Pietermaritzburg. Police suspected sabotage. j 8 February 19831 An armed confrontation took place between freedom fighters and the police. 11 February 19831 The offices of the Drakensberg Administration Board in the Sobantu residential area near Pietermaritzburg were severely damaged by a bomb. There were no injuries. 21 March 19831 A bomb exploded at the Supreme Court building in Pietermaritzburg. This was the second explosion in the Court in 1983. March 19831 A bomb explosion on the railway line near Bloemfontein damaged a coach. Late March 19831 Police seized a cache of arms and ammunition in KwaZulu.. The cache included hand grenades, explosives and detonators. 6 April 19831 A bomb exploded on the railway line between Port Elizabeth and uitenhage near the village of Swartkops causing extensive damage. No one was injured. The explosion coincided with the anniversary of the execution of ANC freedom fighter Mr. Solomon Mahlangu. This was the fourth bomb attack in the area in the past 20 months. 21 April 19831 A bomb explosion partially destroyed the old Supreme Court building in Pietermaritzburg. One man was injured. This was the ~hird bomb attack on Supreme court buildings in the city since the beginning of 1983. -98- l2-hour 20 May 1983:. An explosion at the headquarters of the South African • Air Force in Pretoria killed 18 persons and wounded 217, to many of them military personnel. In a statement issued .Jaed in Oar es Salaam, ANC claimed responsibility for the ' I as a attack. The leader of ANC, Mr. Oliver Tambo, declared I to 30 that the bomb attack signaled wan escalationW in ANC's by struggle against white minority rule. ). The :he lOst 28 June 1983: Two explosions caused extensive damage to the office of in the Internal Affairs Department in Roodeport, near , central Johannesburg. The building also houses the I headquarters of the Roodeport police. ANC claimed u: plant. responsibility for the bombing. 20 August 1983: A bomb hit an electricity pylon and caused a black-out :>eth, in several suburbs of Pretoria. Officials accused the ANC of planting the bomb. by a 26 August 1983: A bomb exploded at a Johannesburg building which houses the "Consulate" of Ciskei. One person was injured and the building was damaged extensively. ANC claimed r. responsibility for the attack and accused the Ciskei of ~abotage, pursuing "a policy of repression at the bidding of i~s Pretoria masters"• • ud in 'g were les. in the ;>ntein oaives tkops The lanqu. he past eme of 1983. I -99- ANNEX 11 List of statements issued by the special committee The Special Committee issued the following statements during the period under reviewl 29 September 1982 Statement by the Chairman regarding the Day of Solidarity with south African Political Prisoners (~AP/137l) 8 OCtober 1982 Statement by the Chairman regarding awards to seven persons for their outstanding contribution to the international movement for sanctions against South Africa in solidarity with the national liberation movement of South Africa (GA/AP/1373) 12 OCtober 1982 Joint statement by the Chairman of the Special Committee against Apartheid, the President of the Council for Namibia and the Chairman of the Special Committee on Decolonization urging IMF to reject South Africa's request for one billion special drawing rights (GA/AP/1378) 21 OCtober 1982 Statement by the Acting Chairman calling for condemnation of sentences imposed by South Africa on a supporter of the liberation struggle (GA/AP/1379) 28 OCtober 1982 Statement by the Chairman of the Sub-Committee on the Implementation of united Nations Resolutions and Collaboration with South Africa applauding action by Sri Lanka Cricket Board against 14 cricketers who toured South Africa (GA/AP/1383) 4 November 1982 Statement by the Chairman denouncing IMF credit to South Africa (GA/AP/1384) 16 November 1982 statement by the Chairman of the Sub-Committee on the Implementation of United Nations Resolutions and Collaboration with South Africa condemning the International Tennis Council's decision to fine the Swedish tennis association for excluding South African tennis players (GA/AP/1388) 2 December 1982 Statements by the Chairman appealing for renewed efforts to save the lives of freedom fighters facing execution in South Africa (GA/AP/1392) 9 December 1982 Statement by the Acting Chairman condemning the South African raid into Lesotho (GA/AP/1393) 23 December 1982 Statement by the Chairman expressing satisfaction at legislative actions in Michigan and Massachusetts (GA/AP/1394) -100- 23 December 1982 Statement by the Chairman on the death of Dr. Nei1 Aggett (GA/AP/1394) 23 December 1982 statement by the Chairman expressing regret at efforts in the United States to deport Mr. Dennis Brutus (GA/AP/1396) Id under 4 January 1983 Statement by the Chairman paying tribute to the late Reverend Canon ColIins (GA/AP/1398) .idarity .) 7 January 1983 Message by the Chairman to the President of ANC (GA/AP/1399) In 13 January 1983 Statement by the Chairman denouncing move to try nine South Africans for participation in PAC activities (GA/AP/14 02) 17 January 1983 Statement by the Chairman on plans for ·constitutional lIIIittee reform· in South Africa (GA/AP/1403) )r on 9 February 1983 Statement by the Chairman appealing to the world community J request to demand release of six political prisoners in South I) Africa (GA/AP/1412) lmnation 8 March 1983 Statement by the Chairman on steps taken to publicize the lr of the plight of women under apartheid in South Africa (GA/AP/1416) the 10 March 1983 Statement by the Chairman appealing for the widest observance of International Day for the Elimination of by Sri ~ Racial Discrimination (GA/AP/1417) red South ~ ~ 17 March 1983 Statement by the Chairman welcoming the Lisbon confere\ce in support of front-line states (GA/AP/1422) ) South 6 April 1983 Statement by the Chairman on a reported plan by South African company to build a casino in Atlantic City the (GA/AP/1434) 25 April 1983 Statement by the Chairman expressing satisfaction at the he decision of France to cancel a rugby tour of South Africa rican (GA/AP/1442) 20 May 1983 Statement by the Acting Chairman regarding the holding of efforts an International Conference on the Alliance between South ution in I Africa and Israel in vienna, 11-13 July 1983 (GA/AP/1445) 24 May 1983 Statement by the Chairman condemning the South African iI, Duth I, bombing of Maputo (GA/AP/1448) [I If ~. if 13 June 1983 Statement by the Chairman concerning the execution of at three ANC members (GA/AP/1454) 26 August 1983 Statement on South Africa's proposed Constitutional Amendment Bill (GA/AP/1476) -101- ANNEX III List of documents of the Special Committee A/AC.ll5/L.583 Statements made at the 511th meeting under agenda item -Hearing on the application by South Africa for credit from the IMF- A/AC. ll5/L.584 Communications relating to South Africa's participation in Working Groups of the International Atomic Energy Agency A/AC.l15/L.585 Messages for the Day of Solidarity with South African Political Prisoners A/AC.l15/L.586 Paper on Torture and Ill-treatment of Detainees by the Racist Regime of South Africa in 1982 A/AC.ll5/L ..587 Report of the Conference of west European Parliamentarians on Sanctions against South Africa A/AC.ll5/L.588 Declaration of the Sanctions Workshop organized by the Nigerian National Committee against Apartheid (NACAP), Jos, Nigeria, 10-11 December 1982 A/AC.ll5/L.589 Letter dated 2 March 1983 from the Permanent Representative of the German Democratic RepUblic concerning the observance of the International Year of Mobilization for Sanctions against South Africa A/AC.ll5/L.590 Letters from Barbados, Antigua and Barbuda, Grenada and Guyana on the cricket tour by West Indian cricketers to South Africa A/AC.ll5/L.591 Messages for the International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination A/AC.ll5/L.592 Messages on the twentieth anniversary of the special Committee against Apartheid A/AC.l15/L.593 Interim Report of the Mission of the Special Committee to Front-line States A/AC.115/L.594 Report of the International Conference on Sanctions against Apartheid in Sports (London, 27-29 June 1983) A/AC.115/L.595 Report of the International Conference on the Alliance between South Africa and Israel (Vienna, 11-13 JUly 1983) -102- f Report of the International NGO Conference on Action against Apartheid and Racism (Geneva, 5-8 July 1983) Messages for the International Day of Solidarity with the item lj)!! :::::::::::::: Struggling People of South Africa 0'" edit (5 August 1983) l-ation in Agency ~oan , the !ntarians ( the :AP) , at of ::fa and era to ation of ial ittee to rlS iance l004-5d (E) -103- •...,83"26403 j j~ ·.-:.)1 l""'~1 .;..1).,.:...:.. .> J~I w .... J-l.::" .rJ1 L:(.jl ;",. 4'" ~I . ,1WI .l..; I rr: .) tj.,:!1 ;J.J ",1.,;(.11 ;",. •...."JI ,..~I ",1;.>'-'- ~ J;"li J-. • .....y., .) ,1 ~;J'.-", .) t:"1 rJ' •...."JI ,..~I , )1.,£1 Jl tDIJJ ~n W'* ft1il1fl6~ .~ijj:fjlli ltIlE t:tt ,,~Jti"J 41« to !}!ttI:~tf~.. ilrIiJ 4l«~r6JJltlJlimB.!':)Jlt8I/ijJl.lr\J.*filill!l!Il. HOW TO OBTAIN UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATIONS Unite' Nations publications may be obtained from bookstores and distributors throughout the world. Consult your bookstore or write to: United Nations, Sales Section, New York or Geneva. COMMENT SE PROCURER LES PUBLICATIONS DES NATIONS UNIES Les publications des Nations Unles sont en vente dans les Iibralriea et les agences depositaires du mondc entier. InCormez·vous aupres de votre Iibraire ou adrassez-vous a : Nations Unies. Section des ventas. New York ou Geneva. KAK nOJlYQHTL H3~AHIUI OprAHH3Au.HH OD'bE~HHEHHbIXHAU.HH H:J118HHH ODrBlIH3a~HH 06'beJlHHeHHblx Ha~Hj\ MOll\HO KynHTb B KHHlI\HblX Nara 3HHBX H BreHTCTBBX Ba Bcex pBltOHBX NHpa. HBBOI1HTe cnpaBKH 00 H311BHHHX B BallIeM KHH1f(HOM Mara3HHe H}lH nHUIHTo:. no Bl1pecy: OpraHH3BuHH OO"beI1HHeHHbIX HII.~Hj\, CeHuHH no npOABlI\e H:JAaHHlI. HbHl·F!OPK HnH )KeHeBB. COMO CONSEGUlR PUBLICACIONES DE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS Las publicaciones de las Naciones Unidas estan en venta en librerias y casas dish'i buidoras en todas partes del mundo. Consulte a su libraro 0 dirfjase a: Naciones UnidBs. Secci6n de Ventas, Nueva York 0 Ginebra. litho in United Nations, New York 01250 26403-0ctober 1983-3,425