DOCSLIB.ORG

Wastewater Treatment Technologies Overview – Part 1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Wastewater Treatment Technologies overview – part 1 Contents • On-site systems • Decentralized systems: separate presentation • Activated sludge • Trickling filters • Rotating Biological Contactors • MBR • Anaerobic reactors • Natural systems (ponds, wetlands Household or onsite sanitation • Simple Pit Toilet • Ventilated Improved Pit (VIP) Toilet • Pour Flush Toilet • Eco-san Toilet Septic tank •x Decentralized systems Decentralised: different levels possible • Decentralised sanitation technology can be applied on all scales: household, small community or complete neighbourhoods Off-site Biological systems • Attached growth • Suspended growth • Aerobic • Anaerobic Contents • On-site systems • Decentralized systems: separate presentation • Activated sludge • Trickling filters • Rotating Biological Contactors • Aerated filters • Anaerobic reactors • Natural systems (ponds, wetlands) Activated Sludge • Since 20th century • Secondary treatment • Involves treating the liquid part of the wastewater biologically. It is carried out after primary treatment (which removes some of the solid material) • The purpose of this process is to remove the organic matter (and N, P) from the wastewater by bacteria in suspension Characteristics of activated sludge Process • So far the mostly widely used biological process for the treatment of municipal and industrial wastewaters in developed countries • Microbial community (activated sludge) is highly diverse and competitive Liquid-solids separation, usually sedimentation tank • A recycle system for returning solids removed from the liquid- solids separation unit back to the reactor to maintaining a high concentration of cells • Formation of flocculent settleable solids that can be removed by gravity settling Basic activated sludge process flow sheet Advantages • Adapted to any size of community (except very small ones) • Good elimination of all the pollution parameters (SS,COD, N, P); • Partially-stabilized sludge • Small area required Disadvantages • Relatively high capital costs • High energy consumption • Requires skilled personnel and regular monitoring • Sensitivity to hydraulic overloads • Settling property of sludge is not always easy to control (bulking sludge) • High production of sludge Activated sludge performance • BOD removal (%): 90-98 • Kjeldahl-N removal (%): 80-95 • Total N removal (%): 65-90 • Pathogen removal (orders of magnitude): 1-2 Other important Operating Parameters Oxygen supply Control and operation of the final settling tank Functions settling tank • Clarification • Thickening Sludge settleability is determined by sludge volume index (SVI) V x 1000 Settling Problem in Activated Sludge Processes Settling WWTP in Greece facing operational problems due to excessive bulking and foaming of activated sludge Source: www.hydro.ntua.gr/images/project/AndrBulking.jpg Settling problem Microorganisms in the activated sludge system Activated sludge floc: • Bacteria: major component • Fungi: low pH, toxicity, N deficient waste • Protozoa: grazing on bacteria • Rotifers: multicellular organism (help in floc formation) • Organic/ inorganic particles Activated Sludge, Hoek van Holland, The Netherlands Type of reactor • Plug-flow reactors • Completely-mixed reactorss Heiploeg WWTP, The Netherlands Ecco WWTP, The Netherlands Activated sludge process with chemical P removal Source: Prof. H Kroiss, Institute for Water Quality, Resource and Waste Management Vienna University of Technology, 2008 Activated sludge process with biol. N removal Source: Prof. H Kroiss, Institute for Water Quality, Resource and Waste Management Vienna University of Technology, 2008 Contents • On-site systems • Decentralized systems: separate presentation • Activated sludge • Trickling filters • Rotating Biological Contactors • MBR • Anaerobic reactors • Natural systems (ponds, wetlands) Trickling filter Schematics of a typical trickling filter Provision of oxygen to bacteria !! Ventilation !! Venting of waste gases (CO2 etc.) Why trickling filters? Advantages Disadvantages • Simplicity of operation • Relatively Low BOD Removal (85%) • Resistance to shock loads • High Suspended Solids in the Effluent (20 to 30 mg/l) (“sloughing” • Low biosolids yield of biofilm) • Low power requirements • Very little operational control Factors affecting performance •Media type and depth •Hydraulic and organic loading •Ventilation •Filter staging •Recirculation rate •Flow distribution Trickling filter media types • Rock Media – Filter depth 1 to 2.5 m • Rocks 3 to 10 cm in diameter • Heavy so only suitable for small filter depths • Plastic Media – Filter depth 10 to 13 m • Greater surface area than rocks so more attachment opportunity for bacteria • Much Lighter so suitable for larger filter depths • Larger filter depths means smaller surface areas Trickling filter types using rocks • Standard or low rate trickling filter • single stage rock media units • loading rates of 1-4 m3 wastewater/m2 filter cross- sectional area-day • large area required • High rate trickling filter • single stage or two-stage rock media units • loading rates of 10-40 m3 wastewater/m2 filter cross-sectional area-day • re-circulation ratio 1-3 Super rate trickling filter • synthetic plastic media units • modules or random packed • specific surface areas 2-5 times greater than rock • much lighter than rocks • can be stacked higher than rocks • loading rates of 40-200 m3 wastewater/m2 filter cross-sectional area-day • plastic media depths of 5-10 m Typical trickling filter plant scheme Recirculation PC Secondary PreTreatment Primary TF TF Influent PC SC Disinfection Biosolids Treatment Disposal Effluent Why Recirculation? • Reduce strength of the filter influent and/or dilute toxic wastes • Maintain a constant wetting rate • Force sloughing to occur due to increased shear forces. Rotating Biological Contactor Rotating biological contactors • Consist of 2-4 m diameter disks, closely spaced on a rotating horizontal shaft • Disks are covered with biofilm that rotates in and out of the wastewater to repeatedly wet and aerate the biofilm • Shaft rotates at 1-2 rpm Film of Microorganisms Rotation WastewaterWastewater Rotating biological contactors • Shafts • max. length limited to 9m with 8m occupied by media • Disks (Media) • polyethylene provided in different configurations or corrugation patterns. • Drive systems • rotated by direct mechanical drive units, air-drive • Enclosures • segmented fiberglass-reinforced plastic covers or housed in a building; for protection of plastic media from UV attack, for low temperature control, for protection of equipment, and for control of the buildup of algae in the process • Settling tanks • similar to trickling filter settling tanks • Operating problems • shaft failures, media breakage, bearing failure, and odor problems Flow diagrams for RBCs Factors affecting RBC performance •Number of stages •Organic loading •Hydraulic loading •Recirculation rate •Submergence •Rotational speed •Oxygen levels RBC design and operational parameters Treatment level Parameters Combined Separate Secondary nitrification nitrification Hydraulic loading, m3/m2·day 0.08~0.16 0.03~0.08 0.04~0.1 Organic loading 2 gSBOD5/m ·day 3.7~9.8 2.4~7.3 0.5~1.5 2 gTBOD5/m ·day 9.8~17.2 7.3~14.6 1.0~2.9 Maximum loading on first stage 2 gSBOD5/m ·day 19~29 19~29 2 gTBOD5/m ·day 39~59 39~59 2 NH3 loading, gN/m ·day 0.7~1.5 1.0~2.0 Hydraulic retention time, hr 0.7~1.5 1.5~4 1.2~2.9 Effluent BOD5, mg/L 15~30 7~15 7~15 Effluent NH3, mg-N/L < 2 < 2 Energy requirements of RBCs Unit Process Energy Usage (kWh/yr) Activated Sludge 1,000,000 RBC 120,000 Waste Stabilization Pond 0 Notes: Flow = 3.785 m3/day Influent BOD5 = 350 mg/L Excludes Pumping and Pretreatment Costs Contents • On-site systems • Decentralized systems: separate presentation • Activated sludge • Trickling filters • Rotating Biological Contactors • MBR • Anaerobic reactors • Natural systems (ponds, wetlands) What is it? • What is it? What is a MBR in wastewater treatment? • A MBR is a process variation on the conventional activated sludge (CAS) process • Suspended Growth System • Clarification (Biosolids Separation) and Biomass Recycle • Membranes instead of secondary clarifiers (and granular media filtration) to separate the MLSS from the secondary effluent MBR vs. CAS MBR versus CAS process parameters • MBR process operates over a considerably different range of parameters than the conventional activated sludge process • SRT 5 - 20 days for conventional system 20 - 30 days for MBR (higher) • F/M 0.05 - 1.5 d-1 for conventional system < 0.1 d-1 for MBR (lower) • MLSS 2,000 mg/L for conventional process 5,000 - 20,000 mg/L for MBR (higher) • Generally, no primary clarification with MBR; practice may change with larger MBRs MBR process for organic matter, N, P removal effluent Membrane Influent Air Anaerobic Anoxic Bioreactor Aerobic • An aerobic compartment for COD degradation & nitrification; • An anoxic compartment for denitrification; • An anaerobic compartment for phosphorus removal. Advantages MBR • Small footprint • No settlement problems • No further polishing required for disinfection/clarification • No equalisation of hydraulic and organic loadings required Disadvantages • Membrane surface fouling • Membrane channel clogging • Process complexity • High capital cost • High running costs MBR applications • Municipal wastewater: • Retrofitting/expansion of existing plant • Placement of submerged membrane modules in aeration basin • Parallel expansion alongside conventional WWTP • Wastewater
Recommended publications
  • The Biological Treatment Method for Landfill Leachate

    The Biological Treatment Method for Landfill Leachate

    E3S Web of Conferences 202, 06006 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020206006 ICENIS 2020 The biological treatment method for landfill leachate Siti Ilhami Firiyal Imtinan1*, P. Purwanto1,2, Bambang Yulianto1,3 1Master Program of Environmental Science, School of Postgraduate Studies, Diponegoro University, Semarang - Indonesia 2Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang - Indonesia 3Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang - Indonesia Abstract. Currently, waste generation in Indonesia is increasing; the amount of waste generated in a year is around 67.8 million tons. Increasing the amount of waste generation can cause other problems, namely water from the decay of waste called leachate. Leachate can contaminate surface water, groundwater, or soil if it is streamed directly into the environment without treatment. Between physical and chemical, biological methods, and leachate transfer, the most effective treatment is the biological method. The purpose of this article is to understand the biological method for leachate treatment in landfills. It can be concluded that each method has different treatment results because it depends on the leachate characteristics and the treatment method. These biological methods used to treat leachate, even with various leachate characteristics, also can be combined to produce effluent from leachate treatment below the established standards. Keywords. Leachate treatment; biological method; landfill leachate. 1. Introduction Waste generation in Indonesia is increasing, as stated by the Minister of Environment and Forestry, which recognizes the challenges of waste problems in Indonesia are still very large. The amount of waste generated in a year is around 67.8 million tons and will continue to grow in line with population growth [1].
  • Trickling Filter Technology for Treating Abattoir Wastewater

    Trickling Filter Technology for Treating Abattoir Wastewater

    Trickling Filter Technology for Treating Abattoir Wastewater Project code: 2014 /1016 Prepared by: GHD Pty Ltd Date Published: April 2015 Published by: Australian Meat Processor Corporation Disclaimer: The information contained within this publication has been prepared by a third party commissioned by Australian Meat Processor Corporation Ltd (AMPC). It does not necessarily reflect the opinion or position of AMPC. Care is taken to ensure the accuracy of the information contained in this publication. However, AMPC cannot accept responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the information or opinions contained in this publication, nor does it endorse or adopt the information contained in this report. No part of this work may be reproduced, copied, published, communicated or adapted in any form or by any means (electronic or otherwise) without the express written permission of Australian Meat Processor Corporation Ltd. All rights are expressly reserved. Requests for further authorisation should be directed to the Chief Executive Officer, AMPC, Suite 1, Level 5, 110 Walker Street Sydney NSW. Table of Contents Executive Summary 4 1. Introduction 6 1.1 Project Background 6 1.2 Objectives 6 1.3 Workscope and Basis 6 1.4 Overview 7 2. Treatment of Abattoir Wastewater 11 2.1 Characterisation of Wastewater 11 2.2 Typical Treatment Train 11 2.3 Treatment 12 3. Trickling Filtration 15 3.1 General 15 3.2 Description 15 3.3 Trickling Filter Media 17 3.4 Construction 18 3.5 Recirculation 19 3.6 Air Access / Circulation 19 3.7 Broad Design 19 3.8 Activated Sludge Versus Trickling Filters 22 4.
  • General Sewer Plan

    General Sewer Plan

    CITY OF GRANDVIEW GENERAL SEWER PLAN Prepared by PROJECT NO. 08032 January 2009 CITY OF GRANDVIEW GENERAL SEWER PLAN Prepared by PROJECT NO. 08032 January 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. INTRODUCTION AND EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 2 REQUIREMENTS.............................................................................................................................. 2 PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVE OF PLAN ........................................................................................... 2 SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDED IMPROVEMENTS ...................................................................... 3 SCHEDULE OF IMPROVEMENTS ................................................................................................... 3 ESTIMATED COSTS AND PROPOSED SEWER SYSTEM FINANCIAL PROGRAM ..................... 3 CHAPTER 1 - BASIC PLANNING INFORMATION ...................................................................................... 4 1.1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION .............................................................................................. 5 Wastewater System Ownership .......................................................................................... 5 Geography ........................................................................................................................... 5 Wastewater
  • Introduction to Ponds, Lagoons, and Natural Systems Study Guide December 2013 Edition

    Introduction to Ponds, Lagoons, and Natural Systems Study Guide December 2013 Edition

    Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Wastewater Operator Certification Introduction to Ponds, Lagoons, and Natural Systems Study Guide December 2013 Edition Subclass D Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Bureau of Science Services, Operator Certification Program PO Box 7921, Madison, WI 53707 http://dnr.wi.gov/ The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources provides equal opportunity in its employment, programs, services, and functions under an Affirmative Action Plan. If you have any questions, please write to Equal Opportunity Office, Department of Interior, Washington, D.C. 20240. This publication is available in alternative format (large print, Braille, audio tape. etc.) upon request. Please call (608) 266-0531 for more information. Printed on 12/06/13 Introduction to Ponds, Lagoons, and Natural Systems Study Guide - December 2013 Edition Preface This operator's study guide represents the results of an ambitious program. Operators of wastewater facilities, regulators, educators and local officials, jointly prepared the objectives and exam questions for this subclass. How to use this study guide with references In preparation for the exams you should: 1. Read all of the key knowledges for each objective. 2. Use the resources listed at the end of the study guide for additional information. 3. Review all key knowledges until you fully understand them and know them by memory. It is advisable that the operator take classroom or online training in this process before attempting the certification exam. Choosing a Test Date: Before you choose a test date, consider the training opportunities available in your area. A listing of training opportunities and exam dates is available on the internet at http://dnr.wi.gov, keyword search "operator certification".
  • Wastewater Treatment Technologies List.Cdr

    Wastewater Treatment Technologies List.Cdr

    GK.TAMILGOD.ORG List Of Wastewater Treatment TECHNOLOGIES TECHNOLOGIES G K . T A M I L G O D . O R G G K . TA M I L G O D . O R G A Ta m i l Q A P o r t a l . Wastewater Treatment Technologies Activated sludge model Activated sludge systems Adsorption/Bio-oxidation process Advanced oxidation process Aerated lagoon Aerobic granular reactor Aerobic granular sludge technology Aerobic granulation Aerobic treatment system Anaerobic clarigester Anaerobic digester types Anaerobic digestion Anaerobic filter Anaerobic lagoon Anammox API oil-water separator Belt filter Bioconversion of biomass to mixed alcohol fuels Biofilters Bioreactor Bioretention Biorotor Capacitive deionization Carbon filtering Cesspit Chemical addition wastewater treatment Clarifier Coarse bubble diffusers Composting toilet Constructed wetland Cross-flow filtration Dark fermentation Decentralized wastewater system Diffuser (sewage) Page 01 G K . TA M I L G O D . O R G A Ta m i l Q A P o r t a l . G K . TA M I L G O D . O R G A Ta m i l Q A P o r t a l . Wastewater Treatment Technologies Dissolved air flotation Dissolved gas flotation Desalination Distillation EcocyclET systems Electrocoagulation Electrodeionization Electrodialysis Electrolysis Enhanced biological phosphorus removal Expanded granular sludge bed digestion Extended aeration Facultative lagoon Fenton's reagent Filtration Fine bubble diffusers Flocculation & sedimentation Flotation process Forward osmosis Froth flotation Hydrocyclone Imhoff tank Induced gas flotation Ion exchange Lamella clarifier (inclined plate clarifier)[1] Living machines Maceration (sewage) Media filter Membrane bioreactor Membrane distillation Membrane fouling Microbial fuel cell Microflotation Moving bed biofilm reactor Page 02 G K .
  • Sewage/ Wastewater Treatment Technologies 1. Activated Sludge

    Sewage/ Wastewater Treatment Technologies 1. Activated Sludge

    Sewage/ Wastewater Treatment Technologies 1. Activated Sludge Process The most common suspended growth process used for municipal wastewater treatment is the activated sludge process. The municipal wastewater treatment is the BOD-removal. The removal of BOD is done by a biological process, such as the suspended growth treatment process. This biological process is an aerobic process and takes place in the aeration tank, in where the wastewater is aerated with oxygen. By creating good conditions, bacteria will grow fast. The grow of bacteria creates flocks and gases. These flocks will removed by a secondary clarifier. In the activated sludge process, the dispersed-growth reactor is an aeration tank or basin containing as suspension of the wastewater and microorganisms, the mixed liquor. The contents of the aeration tank are mixed vigorously by aeration devices which also supply oxygen to the biological suspension. Aeration devices commonly used include submerged diffusers that release compressed air and mechanical surface aerators that introduce air by agitating the liquid surface. Hydraulic retention time in the aeration tanks usually ranges from 3 to 8 hours but can be higher with high BOD5 wastewaters. Following the aeration step, the microorganisms are separated from the liquid by sedimentation and the clarified liquid is secondary effluents. A portion of the biological sludge is recycled to the aeration basin to maintain a high mixed-liquor suspended solids (MLSS) level. The remainder is removed from the process and sent to sludge processing to maintain a relatively constant concentration of microorganisms in the system. Several variation of the basic activated sludge process, such as extended aeration and oxidation ditches, are in common use, but the principal are similar: 2.
  • Iowa Wastewater Facilities Design Standards

    Iowa Wastewater Facilities Design Standards

    Preliminary Draft Dated 6/18/2018 IOWA WASTEWATER FACILITIES DESIGN STANDARDS CHAPTER 18C WASTEWATER TREATMENT PONDS (LAGOONS) 18C.l GENERAL 18C.1.1 Applicability 18C.1.2 Variances 18C.1.3 Explanation of Terms 18C.1.4 Scope of Standard 18C.2 SUPPLEMENT TO ENGINEER'S REPORT 18C.2.l Area Development 18C.2.2 Area Planning 18C.2.3 Site Description 18C.2.4 Field Tile 18C.2.5 Soils Testing 18C.2.6 Water Supply Characteristics 18C.3 LOCATION 18C.3.l Site Inspection 18C .3.2 Future Expansion 18C.3.3 Prevailing Winds 18C.3.4 Surface Runoff 18C.3.5 Hydrology 18C.3.5.l Horizontal Separation 18C.3.5.2 Vertical Separation 18C.3.5.3 Perched Groundwater 18C.3.6 Geology 18C.3.6.l Karst Features 18C.3.6.2 Bedrock Separation 18C.3.7 Flooding Protection 18C.4 DESIGN LOADINGS 18C.4.l Hydraulic 18C.4.1.1 Controlled Discharge Ponds 18C.4.1.2 Aerated Ponds 18C.4.1.3 Other Waste Sources 18C.4.2 Organic Preliminary Draft Dated 6/18/2018 18C.4.3 Industrial Wastes 18C.5 CONTROLLED DISCHARGE POND DESIGN 18C.5.l Number of Cells 18C.5.1.1 Two Cells 18C.5.1.2 Three Cells 18C.5.2 Organic Loading 18C.5.2.l Two Cells 18C.5.2.2 Three or More Cells 18C.5.3 Hydraulic Storage 18C.5.3.1 Entire System 18C.5.3.2 Secondary Cells 18C.5.3.3 Greater Times 18C.5.4 Liquid Depths 18C.5.4.1 Primary Cells 18C.5.4.2 Secondary Cells 18C.5.5 Piping Arrangement 18C.5.5.1 Reliability 18C.5.5.2 Cell Isolation 18C.5.5.3 Influent 18C.5.5.4 Effluent 18C.5.6 Control Structures 18C.5.6.1 Influent Structure 18C.5.6.2 Inter-Cell Structure 18C.5.6.3 Effluent Structure 18C.6 AERATED FACULTATIVE POND
  • Ecological Floating Bed (EFB) for Decontamination of Polluted Water

    Ecological Floating Bed (EFB) for Decontamination of Polluted Water

    Journal of Environmental Management 251 (2019) 109550 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Environmental Management journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jenvman Review Ecological floating bed (EFB) for decontamination of polluted water bodies: Design, mechanism and performance T ∗ Kundan Samal , Soham Kar, Shivanshi Trivedi School of Civil Engineering, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology-Deemed to be University Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Worldwide water quality is degrading and most of the water bodies are now being contaminated by heavy load Ecological floating bed of pollutants from various industries. Aquatic ecosystems are also disrupted affecting various flora and fauna Wastewater adversely. Water bodies dominated with aquatic plants have high yielding capacity. These plants are capable of Aquatic macrophyte high nutrient accumulation and creating favorable condition in rhizosphere for microbial organic degradation, Buoyancy which can be applied in the restoration process of polluted lakes, natural streams and wetlands, etc. Ecological Oxygen transfer Floating Bed (EFB) is designed by using aquatic plants, floating like mat on the surface of water. The plant roots Vegetation coverage hang beneath the floating mat and provide a large surface area for biofilm growth. This paper reviewed the EFB concept, structure, mechanisms and functions. Screening of suitable macrophyte species, involvement of biofilm in organic removal process and necessity of growth media have been discussed briefly. Apart from this, effect of depth, buoyancy, vegetation coverage ratio are also represented. Detail mechanisms of oxygen transfer from top to bottom of water biomass have been well analyzed. Various pollutants present in wastewater like organics, solids, nitrogen, phosphorous, heavy metals etc.
  • Lagoon Systems Can Provide Low-Cost Wastewater Treatment

    Lagoon Systems Can Provide Low-Cost Wastewater Treatment

    Spring 1997 Vol. 8, No. 2 L SMALL A F N L O O I W T A S N C L E E S A U Pipeline R I N G H O Small Community Wastewater Issues Explained to the Public Lagoon Systems Can Provide Low-Cost Wastewater Treatment t is no wonder that one of the for homes on large lots in areas where other treatment more efficient, so that less land most popular methods for onsite systems or sewers are too costly or area is necessary, and aerators can be used to I wastewater treatment around the otherwise impractical. Lagoons also work upgrade some existing systems to treat more world is also one of the simplest well for many seasonal rental properties and wastewater. and least expensive. Lagoon systems use recreational areas, because they are able to Every lagoon system must be individually natural and energy-efficient processes to handle intermittent periods of both light and designed to fit its specific site and use. provide low-cost wastewater treatment. heavy use. Designs are based on such factors as the They are one of the most cost-effective type of soil, the amount of land area wastewater treatment options for many What are lagoon systems? available, the climate, and the amount of homes and communities. There are several different types and sunlight and wind in an area. In the U.S., most wastewater treatment names for lagoons and many possible Other important design considerations for lagoons are found in small and rural system designs. Lagoon systems include lagoon systems include the amount and type communities.
  • 5.2 the On-Site Leachate Treatment System

    5.2 the On-Site Leachate Treatment System

    Investigation of a landfill leachate treatment plant in southern Sweden by Alessandro Sarno Master Thesis number: Water and Environmental Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering Lund University June 2014 Supervisor: Associate professor Karin Jönsson Co-supervisor: PhD Anders Persson (Sysav), Env. Engineer Erika Heander (Sysav), Per Leander (Sysav) Examiner: Associate professor Per Carlsson Picture on front page: Hedeskoga landfill and particular of its leachate treatment plant. Photo by Alessandro Sarno. Postal address Visiting address Telephone P.O. Box 124 Getingevägen 60 +46 46-222 82 85 SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden +46 46-222 00 00 Web address Telefax www.vateknik.lth.se +46 46-222 45 26 Preface Usually, here comes the point in which all the fanciful words are dedicated to those people, without whom, this work would have not been possible. Well, without falling too deep into corniness there is a bunch of people I would like to say ―thank you‖ to: all my gratefulness goes to Lund University intended as the ensemble of human beings, atmosphere, situations that over the last two years played an important role in influencing my thoughts, in giving me the necessary tools to find a niche into this jungle, and in shaping a young scientific self. A special thanks in this sense goes to my supervisors, to the staff working at Sysav and to the people ―living‖ at the Ecology Building and at the department of Water and Environmental Engineering for their terrific example of earnestness and professionalism. It might be taken for granted in Sweden, but, there is so much to learn from the proverbial Nordic coherence and organization! A big thanks goes also to my roommates and to my friends in Lund, whose companionship fitted the goliardic and international spirit of this young-at-heart city.
  • 317858591.Pdf

    317858591.Pdf

    Wastewater Treatment Engineering Edited by Mohamed Samer Wastewater Treatment Engineering Edited by Mohamed Samer Stole src from http://avxhome.se/blogs/exLib/ Published by AvE4EvA Copyright © 2015 All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work has been published, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. As for readers, this license allows users to download, copy and build upon published chapters even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. Notice Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Technical Editor AvE4EvA
  • Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences

    Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences

    ISSN: 0975-8585 Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences Seasonal Variations of Physical, Chemical Parameters in A Wastewater Treatment Plant By Aerated Lagoons at Southern-East Of Algeria. Ammar ZOBEIDI 1*, and Ahmed Abdelhafid BEBBA2. 1 Wastewater treatment plant laboratory aerated lagoon 01 Kouinine 39000 El-Oued, Algeria. 2 Valuation Laboratory Saharan Resources Technology, University of Kasdi Merbah Ouargla P.O.Box 511, 30000 Ouargla, Algeria. ABSTRACT Aerated lagoons are commonly used to treat the domestic sewage of small communities, and industrial wastes, when land is inexpensive, they represent low capital and maintenance costs as compared to other treatment processes. They are also simple to operate and show abilities to handle shock loads, both organic and hydraulic. However, in the arid and semi-arid regions the salination due to the evaporation is one of the main problems. This study detailed the effect under local climatic conditions on the characteristics of El- Oued aerated lagoons wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), located in Southern East Algeria. The plant performance was evaluated through descriptive analysis with quantity and quality data of both raw wastewaters and treated effluent over a period of two years (2011 – 2013). Results showed that the removal of the BOD, TSS, COD and bacteria required 15 days retention time as the optimum operating conditions to reach 78% (COD), (BOD5) 86.5% and 85% (TSS). Keywords: El-Oued, Seasonal variations, Wastewater, Aerated lagoon, Removal efficiency. *Corresponding author May–June 2015 RJPBCS 6(3) Page No. 1097 ISSN: 0975-8585 INTRODUCTION The region of El-Oued (south-east Algeria) had various water-related issues, discharging their highly contaminated wastewater in the receiving environment without any treatment.