Arthropod Management in Organic Celery and Zucchini

Surendra Dara PhD, DAIT Strawberry and Vegetable Crops Advisor University of Cooperative Extension [email protected]

UCCE Ventura, 10 May, 2018

@calstrawberries @calveggies strawberriesvegetables eJournals: ucanr.edu/strawberries-vegetables and ucanr.edu/pestnews Download “IPMinfo” for iOS and Android devices Root in organic celery

Rice root , Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale Honeysuckle aphid, Hyadaphis foeniculi

Photo by Brian Cabrera Photo by A. Jensen, aphid.aphidnet.org Root aphids in organic celery

Treatments 1. Untreated control 2. Ecotec (rosemary oil 10% and peppermint oil 2%) 19.2 fl oz + Kinetic (silicone and non- ionic surfactants) 12 fl oz 3. AzaGuard (azadirachtin) 6.3 fl oz + OroBoost (alcohol ethoxylate) 20 fl oz 4. Mycotrol-O () 1.5 qrt 5. Mycotrol-O 1.5 qrt + AzaGuard 6.3 fl oz 6. Venerate (Burkholderia spp.) 2 gal 7. Grandevo (Chromobacterium subtsugae) 2 lb

Application Through drip (250 gal for 40-45 min) Plot size 4 beds (0.3 acre) Sampling 10 plants from 4 parts of each plot Treated on December 9 and 23, 2014 Root aphids before and after treatments

Pre-treatment Post-treatment 40

a a 30 a a b ab 20 c abc abc

bc 10 c d c d Mean number of aphids/plant

0

Tukey’s HSD P < 0.0001 Percent change in root aphid numbers

Change after two applications 150

100 treatment - 50

0

-50 Percent change from pre -100 Conclusions

Conclusions • Combination of certain products is more effective than using them alone • Effective pest control can be achieved with non-chemical control options pests in zucchini

Western flower thrips, Pacific spider mite, Tetranychus pacificus Frankliniella occidentalis

Aphids Arthropod pests in zucchini

Silverleaf , tabaci Zucchini pest management

1 Untreated control 2 Sivanto 200 SL 14 fl oz 3 Sequoia 2.5 fl oz 4 Venerate XC 4 qrt 5 PFR-97 20% WDG 2 lb 6 I1800A 10.3 fl oz 7 I1800A 12.7 fl oz 8 I1800A 17.1 fl oz 9 I1800A 20.5 fl oz 10 VST-00634LC 25% • Spray volume 50 gpa (25 gpa for treatment 10) • Treatments were applied on 8/28 and 9/4/17 Using a tractor-mounted sprayer with 3 Teejet 8003vs flat spray nozzles • Pest counts were made on 8/28, 9/1, and 9/8/17 from a 2 square inch disc from each of 5 leaves/plot Zucchini pest management

Aphids

Pre-treat. Post I Spray Post II Spray

4

3

2

1 Number/5 leaf discs 0

Aphids

Post I Spray Post II Spray

0

-20 treatment - -40

-60

-80

-100 % Change from prefrom % Change

Tukey’s HSD P < 0.05 Zucchini pest management

Silverleaf whitefly eggs Silverleaf whitefly nymphs

Pre-treat. Post I Spray Post II Spray Pre-treat. Post I Spray Post II Spray

1000 600 a 800 500 400 600 ab a ab 300 400 abc abc ab abc a abc 200 ab ab abc ab ab ab 200 ab ab ab ab c c ab bc ab 100 Number/5 leaf discs Number/5 leaf discs b b b ab b 0 0

Silverleaf whitefly eggs Silverleaf whitefly nymphs

Post I Spray Post II Spray Post I Spray Post II Spray

500 1900 400 treatment treatment 1400 - - 1093.8 300 955.4 900 200

374.9 100 324.3 400 223.6 135.4 49.1 0

-100 -34.9 -35.2 -100 % Change from prefrom % Change % Change from prefrom % Change

Tukey’s HSD P < 0.05 Zucchini pest management

Western flower thrips nymphs

Pre-treat. Post I Spray Post II Spray

4

3

2 a

ab ab 1 ab ab ab Number/5 leaf discs ab ab b ab 0

Western flower thrips nymphs

Post I Spray Post II Spray

20 0

treatment -20 - -40 -60 -80 -100 % Change from prefrom % Change

Tukey’s HSD P < 0.05 Zucchini pest management

Pacific spider mite eggs Pacific spider mite mobile stages

Pre-treat. Post I Spray Post II Spray Pre-treat. Post I Spray Post II Spray

10 10 a 8 8 ab ab 6 6 ab ab 4 4 ab b b b b 2 2 Number/5 leaf discs Number/5 leaf discs 0 0

Pacific spider mite eggs Pacific spider mite mobile stages

Post I Spray Post II Spray Post I Spray Post II Spray

140 120

100 80 treatment - treatment - 60 40

20 0

-20 -40

-60 -80 % Change from prefrom % Change % Change from prefrom % Change

Tukey’s HSD P < 0.05 Zucchini pest management

All arthropod pests

Pre-treat. Post I Spray Post II Spray

1400 a

1200 ab 1000 ab a 800 ab ab ab abc a 600 ab abc abc ab ab 400 ab ab ababc c bc ab ab c b ab c ab 200 b b Number/5 leaf discs b 0

All arthropod pests

Post I Spray Post II Spray

600 500

treatment 400 - 300 200 100 0 -100 % Change from prefrom % Change

Tukey’s HSD P < 0.05 Conclusions • Aphid, thrips, and mite numbers declined and whitefly numbers increased during the study period • Control efficacy varied among pesticides • Chemical Very good • Microbial Moderate • Botanical Moderate to good • Biological Good • All pesticides can play an important role in IPM Thank you! Growers, collaborators, and technicians Oleg for the invitation

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