E2065 V25 P R O J E C T O W N E R Public Disclosure Authorized
O uzlar Mahallesi Ceyhun At f Kansu Cad. 56. Sok. No:24/7 Balgat/ANKARA Tel: (90) 312 - 286 60 70 Fax: (90) 312 - 286 51 70
P R O J E C T N A M E Public Disclosure Authorized
P R O J E C T L O C A T I O N Y DERE-KARADERE / KALKANDERE / R ZE Public Disclosure Authorized
P R E P A R E D B Y
O UZLAR MAHALLES 48. SOKAK 5/3 06520 BALGAT/ANKARA Tel:(0 312) 287 50 40 Fax:(0312) 287 29 16 www.prdplanlama.com – [email protected] Public Disclosure Authorized
ANKARA, 2008 LASKAR A. . n c i r l i HEPP Project Information File
LASKAR Enerji Üretim Pazarlama A. . (LASKAR PROJECT OWNER’S NAME Energy Generation Marketing Inc. Co.) O uzlar Mah., Ceyhun At f Kansu Cad. 56. Sok. No: Address 24/7 Balgat/Çankaya/Ankara Phone: (90) 312 – 286 60 70 Phone and Fax No. Fax: (90) 312 – 286 51 70 NC RL REGULATOR AND HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT NAME POWER PLANT PROJECT INFORMATION FILE Full Address of the Project Site: (Province, District, Town, KALKANDERE/RIZE Location)
The project is planned for energy generation. One regulator for each yidere Creek and its branch Karadere, passing through the Kalkandere District in Rize Province in the Eastern Black Sea Region, will be constructed between the elevations of 50 m and 102 OBJECTIVE AND DEFINITION m. One underground energy tunnel from each regulator will be built and those will meet between OF THE PROJECT Tatl su quarter and yidere and will be transmitted to ncirli HEPP built on the right shore of yidere in one single energy tunnel. Annually 25.5 MW electricity generation is planned in the power plant based on 3 turbines with 8.5 MW power each. Annual average overall energy generation will be 109,12 GWh.
NAME OF THE PRD Planlama Ara t rma Geli tirme ve ORGANIZATION/WORK GROUP PREPARING THE Dan manl k Ltd. ti. (PRD Planning Research Development and Consultancy Ltd. Co.) FILE
O UZLAR MAHALLES 48.SOK. NO:5/3 Address BALGAT/ ANKARA
Phone: (0 312) 287 50 40 Phone and Fax No. Fax: (0312) 287 29 16
Issue Date of the Report 26/06/2008 Decree No and Date …………. …../…./2008
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Table of Contents
Headings Page No
SECTION I. Project Specifications 4 A Workflow Chart, Capacity, Area, Technology of the Project 4 and the Number of Personnel to be Employed
B Use of Natural Resources (Land Use, Water Use, Used 25 Energy Type etc.)
C Amount of Wastes Generated (Solid, Liquid, Gas etc.) and 35 Chemical, Physical and Biological Characteristics of the Wastes D Accident Risks Caused by the Technology and Materials 59 Used E Measures to be Taken Against the Possible Environmental 61 Impacts of the Project SECTION II. Project Site 64 A Current Use and the Quality of Lands (Agricultural Fields, 64 Forests, Planned Areas, Water Surface etc.) B Considering the List of Sensitive Regions in Appendix-V; The 66 Wetland Areas, Coastal Areas, Mountainsides and Forests, Agricultural Areas, National Parks, Specially Protected Areas, Population, Densely Populated Areas, Historical, Cultural, Archaeological etc. Areas, Erosion Areas, Landslip Areas, Afforested Areas, Potential Erosion and Afforested Areas as well as Aquifers that should be Protected in accordance with the Ground Water Law No. 167 SECTION III. Alternatives to the Project and the Site (Reasons for 88 Selecting the Project Technology and Project Site)
SECTION IV. Conclusions 89 Appendices
Notes And References
Presentation of the People who Prepared the Project Information File (Name Surname, Profession, Resume, References and Authorization Signature for the Report)
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SECTION I: PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS
I.A. Workflow Chart, Capacity, Area, Technology of the Project and the Number of Personnel to be Employed
In relation with the development of the industry in our country as it is in the World, the demand for energy has been increasing by the day. Our generation of electricity has been increasing in parallel to that demand as well. (Figure I.A.1.)
Figure I.A.1. Electricity Generation in Turkey (GWh)
Nowadays the energy consumption has become an important indicator for determining the civilization and development levels of the societies. Developments and improvements have been observed in all respects of societies in parallel to the rise of energy consumption. Norway among the European countries has the maximum annual electricity consumption by 26.000 kWh per capita. This value is 1.840 kWh and very low in Turkey. The values demonstrating the national income and energy consumption of some European countries and Turkey are presented in Table I.A.1.
Table I.A.1. Incomes and Energy Consumptions per capita in the World
National Income per Capita Electricity Consumption per Countries ($/capita) Capita (KWh/capita) Turkey 4.000 1.840 Germany 29.000 6.000 France 30.000 7.000 Switzerland 40.000 8.200 Norway 39.800 26.000
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Today, 142 of the Hydroelectric Power Plants of 772 in total constituting a 127,6 billion kWh annual average energy generation value are in operation, 41 of them are in construction and 589 of them are in project stage (EIE – General Directorate of Electrical Power Resources Survey and Development Administration, 2007). Turkey’s Hydroelectric Energy Potential Distributed Based on the Project Stages is Presented in Table I.A.2. and the Development State of the Hydroelectric Energy Potential is in Figure I.A.2.
Table I.A.2 Turkey’s Hydroelectric Energy Potential distributed based on the Project Stages
Current State of the ) Annual Overall Hydroelectric Energy Generation
Hydroelectric Power W i ) ) t M d r ( % % l a t
Plants e y y y l l e ( ( ) ) ) l r c l a g u g g b h h h e e o o r r r r a j i i t m e m t t e e m e w W W W o r s v a u a u n n n o r i e G G G n R C v E R ( E O F E P ( ( P N I 1. In operation 142 12 788 33 560 45 930 35,5 45 930 35,5 2. Under 41 4 397 8 817 14 351 11,1 60 281 46,6 Construction 3. Will be Constructed in 589 19 359 37 335 69 173 53,4 - - the Future 3.1. Final Project 13 2 356 4 630 6 919 5,3 67 200 51,8 Completed 3.2. Feasibility is 176 7 269 13 239 26 415 20,4 93 615 72,3 Ready 3.3. Master Plan 99 5 260 10 773 18 280 14,1 111 895 86,4 Prepared 3.4. First Study is 301 4 474 8 693 17 559 13,6 129 454 100,0 Ready Overall Potential 772 36 544 79 712 129 454 100,0 129 454 100,0 (EIE, February–2007)
Figure I.A.2. Development State of the Hydroelectric Energy Potential (EIE, February-2007)
Turkey is a rich country in terms of hydroelectric energy resources. Nonetheless, she uses only 34% of the economic hydroelectric potential, which is estimated as 129.454 GWh annually in average. Mid-term and long-term power and energy demand projections of national energy system are presented in Table I.A.3. and EIE’s portion within the Hydroelectric energy potential is in Figure I.A.3.
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Table I.A.3. Energy Demand Projections between 2007-2020 (*)
Peak Load Peak Load Year Energy (GWh) Year Energy (GWh) (MW) (MW) 2007 36 965 231 794 2014 60 175 373 659 2008 39 823 249 714 2015 64 122 398 168 2009 42 902 269 021 2016 68 328 424 286 2010 46 219 289 820 2017 72 811 452 123 2011 49 731 308 807 2018 77 587 481 780 2012 52 993 329 062 2019 82 677 513 386 2013 56 470 350 653 2020 88 100 547 060
(*) Quoted from the publication of TEAS’s Research Planning and Coordination Directorate titled “Mid-term and Long-term Electricity Generation Planning Study 1997-2020”
Figure I.A.3. EIE’s Portion within the Hydroelectric Potential (EIE, February-2007)
Hydroelectric power plants are superior compared to other energy generation systems due to some reasons such as; they are renewable, use domestic natural resources, have low operation and maintenance costs, have long lifespan, cause less negative environmental impact, and foster the economic and social structure in rural areas. Domestic expenses constitute the 80% of the investment costs for the construction and operation of the hydroelectric power plants. Foreign dependency for investment and spent foreign currency are less compared to natural gas and imported coal power plants.
Electrical energy is generated by the thermal power of the fuels existing abundant in nature such as coal, oil, natural gas, uranium, and by the falling power of water. This energy source, of which the usage ratio is increasing day by day in our World, brought welfare to the nations and qualification of being civilized to the countries where it is established.
The energy consumption increase and decrease in certain hours during the day. Hydroelectric power plants are among the principal energy generation plants having the characteristics of meeting the peak demands and immediate shut down when the demand decreases.
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In general, investment costs of the hydroelectric power plants are high, however their operational costs are low. Taking our country’s hydroelectric potential into operation as a priority within the economical limits would be a wise attitude.
Despite the fact that generation of the hydroelectric power plants are dependent on the rainfall conditions and their ratio in the overall annual generation differs, approx. 20% - 30% of Turkey’s electrical energy is generated by water. Hydroelectric power plants are structures generating electricity using the energy of water where the potential energy of water is converted into mechanical energy and the mechanical energy is converted into the electrical energy. The hydroelectric power plants may be classified as follows in terms of their storing characteristics:
a- According to their Heads: Low-head power plants: Head is less than 15 m Medium-head power plants: Head is between 15 - 50 m High-head power plants: Head is more than 50 m
The power plant planned to be built within the project will be a high-head (gross 52 m) power plant.
b- According to their Generated Energy Characteristic and Value: Base load power plants: Power plants generating energy continuously Peak load power plants: Power plants operating during the period when the energy demand is at maximum.
The power plant planned is base load power plant designed based on continuous operation principle.
c- According to their Capacities: Small capacity: Up to 99 kW Low capacity: Between 100 – 999 kW Medium capacity: Between 1000 – 9999 kW High capacity: 10 000 kW and higher
The power plant planned will be high capacity type (25.5 MW).
d- According to their construction i) Underground power house ii) Semi-underground and submerged power house iii) Surface power house
The power plant planned will be Surface Power House type.
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Project owner is Laskar Enerji Üretim Pazarlama A. ., an affiliate of Adal Holding. (Hereinafter it shall be referred to as “LASKAR A. .” in the report). “Electricity Generation License” is obtained for ncirli Regulator and HEPP Project numbered EÜ/1381-5/1000 from the Energy Market Regulatory Authority based on the decree dated 22.11.2007 and numbered 1381-5 (Appendix 1). It is qualified for 49 years operation of the project with the Generation License. The life span of the mentioned project is expected to be more than 49 years.
The feasibility report of the project was prepared and the “Agreement concerning the Principles of Water Usage Rights and Operation” was signed by the company officials and Ministry of Environment and Forest, General Directorate of DS (State Hydraulic Works), Department of Investigation and Planning on 02.11.2007 in accordance with the provisions of Regulation on Electricity Market License based on Electricity Market Law No: 4628 (Appendix 2). The installed power is indicated as 22.2 MW in this agreement, however, the project owner revised the project scaling it up to 25.5 MW by including the water from Karadere into the project. The revised feasibility report was prepared within this context and submitted to the DS General Directorate. The new Water Usage Rights Agreement for 25.5 MW will be submitted to the Governorship of Rize.
The subject of mentioned Project Information File is Regulators and HEPP having an installed power of 25.5 MW and other related units. The technical data of ncirli Hydroelectric Power Project Revised Feasibility Report prepared in 2007 by SKOPSU Proje Mu h. Mu . n . Taah. ve Tic. Ltd. ti. (SKOPSU Project Engineering Consulting Construction and Trade Ltd. Co.) on demand of project owner, were taken for the preparation of Project Information File.
“ yidere Basin Development Plan Report” in 1971 and “Cevizlik Hydroelectric Power Plant (1st Stage) Feasibility Report in 1972 were prepared by Electroconsult and Dapta Companies in the yidere Basin on demand of the General Directorate of Electrical Power Resources Survey and Development Administration (EIE).
A project formulation constituting 3 dams, 4 regulators and 4 HEPPs in the yidere Basin was studied in the “Eastern Black Sea Basin Survey Report” prepared in 1980 by General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works (DS ), Trabzon Regional Directorate.
It is planned to benefit the head opportunity between 1365.0 m and 142.0 m elevations of yidere for all those mentioned plants having a specific goal of energy generation. Later on, the mentioned Regional Directorate conducted studies at the planning stage in 1984 and 1985 and the results of those studies were published as “Upstream yidere Basin Development Master Plan Report and Dereköy Dam and HEPP Planning Report” and “Downstream yidere Basin Development Cevizlik Dam-Cevizlik HEPP Kalkandere Dam-Yoku lu HEPP Planning Report”. Additionally, “ yidere Project kizdere HEPP Extension Planning Report” was published in 1989 by the same institution.
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Gross 52 m hydroelectric potential between the 50 m tailwater elevation and 102 m maximum operating elevation was evaluated in the feasibility studies and the meteorological, hydrological and planning criteria were used after updated.
One regulator for each yidere Creek and its branch Karadere, passing through the Kalkandere District in Rize Province in the Eastern Black Sea Region, will be constructed between the elevations of 50 m and 102 m for the purpose of energy generation. It will be located between the north latitudes of 40° 54' 00"- 40° 57' 00" and east longitudes of 40° 24' 00" - 40° 26' 30" according to the map section no. Trabzon G44-b2.
One underground energy tunnel from each regulator will be built and those will meet between Tatl su quarter and yidere and will be transmitted to ncirli HEPP built on the right shore of yidere in one single energy tunnel. Annually 25.5 MW electricity generation is planned in the power plant based on (3) vertical Francis turbines with 8.5 MW power each. Annual average overall energy generation will be 109,12 GWh.
The project is planned to be taken into operation after water retention and trial run conducted at the beginning of 2010 while the construction works, electromechanical equipment procurement, and erection in 2008 and 2009.
Kalkandere district is located approximately 33 km away from Rize province and 13 km from the coast. All the districts, sub-districts and villages have adequate road connections to the city center and with each other and all the roads are open all the time including the winter season.
Kalkandere district is accessible through Erzurum road taken 19 km before Rize on the D 010 State Highway lying in the east direction from Trabzon. The project site is accessible through Erzurum road from kizdere district center.
District centers on the project site and around are accessible through asphalt roads and some villages are through asphalt roads and others through stabilized roads. The access road to the units on the right shore of yidere Creek and higher elevations (Rize- spir Road) passes through the power plant site and left shore border of regulator’s location. The mentioned roads will be used during plant construction and operation periods.
The water used for the generation within the context of the project, is planned in a way that it will be left enough at the riverbed of the regulator not to endanger the fauna and flora.
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The distance between power plant site and ncirli I regulator is approx. 4.7 km air distance. And the distance between power plant site and ncirli II regulator is approx. 3.7 km air distance. The water flowing to the power plant through a transmission tunnel will be passed through the turbines for electricity generation and then will be discharged to the river. Therefore, a negative impact on the ecological characteristics of the downstream area is not expected.
Full-bodied concrete regulator and water intake structure, connecting dike, transmission canal, forebay, penstock, power house and tailwater canal as well the electromechanical equipment, switch gear and power plant installations planned to be constructed within ncirli Regulator and HEPP Project are assessed within the context of that report.
Construction site will be developed in the context of the activity. There will be administrative building, health unit, guesthouse, kitchen/canteen, staff dormitory, package treatment, stockyard and social facilities at the construction site. The construction site is planned to be established on an overall area of 30.000 m2 (having 250 m x 120 m dimensions).
General Layout of the project site is enclosed in the Appendix 3 and typical plan and cross sections of the Regulator, Power House and other units in the Appendix 4. Its location in the country and region is presented in Figure I.A.4, satellite photo of the region in Figure I.A.5. and photos of the site and its surrounding in Figure I.A.6.
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Figure I.A.4. Project Site’s Location in the Country and Region
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Figure I.A.5. Satellite Photos demonstrating the Units
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Figure I.A.6. a) ncirli HEPP Location
Figure I.A.6. b) ncirli I Regulator Location
Figure I.A.6. c) ncirli II Regulator Location
Figure I.A.6. Photos demonstrating the Project Site and Surroundings
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Water of the yidere and Karadere creeks to be used for electricity production in the project scope will come through tunnels and be collected in the loading pool, this water will be passed through the turbines that convert potential energy of the water to mechanical energy, water passing through the turbines will turn the generators and the generators will convert this mechanical energy to electrical energy.
Firm, secondary and total energy supplies produced in ncirli Hydroelectric Power Plant are respectively 46.63, 62.49 and 109.12 GWH, regulation rate of the creek flow is 90 %, loading rate of Hydroelectric Power Plant is 49 %.
Units that will take part in the project scope are given below in detail:
ncirli – I Regulator, Upstream and Downstream Cofferdams and Diversion Channel Planned ncirli I Regulator will be built in concrete weight type. Upstream and downstream slopes of the body are respectively 1 vertical to 0 horizontal and 1 vertical to 0.60 horizontal. Thalweg level in the body axis is approximately 97 m., alluvium thickness is roughly 15-16 meters. During the construction of ncirli I Regulator, yidere creek will be diverted at its left coast by a diversion channel in a dimension of 8.000x3.00 m. Diversion of yidere creek to diversion channel will be provided by upstream cofferdam. A downstream cofferdam will be built to the upstream of diversion channel outlet so that the diverted water will not threaten the construction site.
ncirli – II Regulator, Upstream and Downstream Cofferdams and Diversion Channel Planned ncirli II Regulator will be built as tyrol type concrete weight body. Upstream and downstream slopes of the body are respectively 1 vertical to 0 horizontal and 1 vertical to 0.60 horizontal. Thalweg level in the body axis is approximately 101.80 m., alluvium thickness is roughly 4-5 meters. During construction of ncirli II Regulator, Karadere will be diverted at its left coast by a sediment pool to be built at the first stage. Diversion of Karadere to diversion channel will be provided by upstream cofferdam. A downstream cofferdam will be built to the upstream of diversion channel outlet so that the diverted water will not threaten the construction site.
Spillway and Sluice Outlet For the purpose of protecting ncirli I Regulator and relevant hydraulic structures from floods and discharging flood water in a secure way, a spillway controlled by two pieces of 5.5X6.0 m radial cover and with discharge channel on the body will be installed on the regulator body at the left side of the body adjacent to water intake structure. There will be a clarifier pool at the end of spillway discharge channel. At the tyrol type ncirli II regulator, water over diversion capacity (10 m3/s) will be released uncontrolled to downstream over the body.
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Energy Water Intake Structures
In ncirli I Regulator, energy water will be received from water intake structure that will be constructed at the right coast at the slope. Tunnel inlet structure starting with grills at threshold level of 98 m is equipped with covers. Minimum water intake level is 102 m. Energy water transmission line will be connected to turbines in Hydroelectric Power Plant building after following tunnel route to be built and then to forebay and continuing with an outdoor penstock produced from steel pipe.
In ncirli II Regulator, energy water will be received from tyrol type water intake opening equipped with grills that will be arranged on the regulator body. Sediment pool and tunnel inlet structure starting with grills at threshold level of 98.0 m follow tyrol channel. Minimum water intake level is 102 m. Energy water transmission line will end at the tunnel with a diameter of 5.50 m providing transmission of water diverted from ncirli I regulator after following tunnel route to be built.
ncirli HEPP Energy Tunnel
Energy tunnel that will bring energy water to ncirli HEPP starts from water intake structure at the end of sediment pool at the right coast. Tunnel with modified horseshoe section has a length of 5090 m, a diameter of 5.5 m. Energy tunnel will be connected to steel penstock at the forebay that will be opened on rock ground. For the purpose of shortening tunnel construction time and providing to work with a large number teams from more faces and to shorten the tunnel inner haul distances, energy tunnel will be supported with 1 piece of approach tunnel connected at km:2+390. By this way, tunnel construction period will be shortened by approximately 50 %. Approach tunnel will provide that main tunnel with a diameter of 5.50 m will operate from 2 faces and Karadere diversion tunnel with a diameter of 3.00 m will work from one face.
Penstock Energy water starting from forebay will be transmitted to ncirli HEPP forebay outlet by an outdoor penstock produced from steel.
Plant Building and Tailwater Channel Proposed ncirli HEPP will be equipped with three pieces of Francis turbines with vertical axis having 8.50 MW power and three pieces of generators having 9.5 MVA power. Estimate head of turbines is gross 48.20 m, net 47.60 m, their productivity is 0.94. Generators of plant have 9.5 MVA power, 11 kV output voltage and 0.96 productivity. Each of turbine and generator groups will be equipped with forced air and forced oil cooled 11/34,5 kV 9.5 MVA power transformer. Tailwater of plant will be released to yidere by a tailwater channel. Origin of electromechanical equipment will be determined as a result of international tender evaluation that will be carried out among successful and experienced production firms for supply and installation.
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The dimensions of the power house provided during feasibility stage will be revised based on the dimensions determined and data provided by the manufacturer company following the definite purchase order of the equipment and as-built project will be prepared based on the final data.
Turbine Type, Power and Number of the Units
ncirli HEPP is equipped with 3 Vertical Francis Turbines having 8.50 MW power each. Turbine head is suitable for the use of Francis type turbines. Pelton type turbines may be used as well. Selection of the turbine type will be clear as a result of the proposal evaluations.
Generator Type, Power and Number of the Units
3 vertical-axis, salient-pole, 3-phase synchronous generators having 9500 kVA power will be installed in the power plant. The voltage of the generators with static excitation and closed-circuit cooling systems will be 11 kV, power factor will be 0.85 and frequency will be 50 Hz.
Transformer Type, Power and Number of the Units
3 indoor type, oil-immersed transformers having 400 kVA power and 6.3/0.4 kV nominal voltage; station auxiliary power transformer with 50 Hz frequency; 3 outdoor type, oil-immersed main transformers having 9 500 kVA power, (11/34.5) kV nominal voltage, 50 Hz frequency, forced oil and air cooling (OFAF) will be installed in the power plant.
Switchyard
34.5 kV main and transfer busbars and switchyard will be installed at ∼60 m riverbed elevation and on the yard arranged with the excavation of yidere creek slope on the right shore. Switchgear equipment will be placed outdoors.
Energy Transmission Line
The power generated at ncirli HEPP will be connected to the existing yidere Transformer Station and from there to the interconnected system through the 2 km long energy transmission line having 34.5 kV x 2x477 MCM characteristics that will be constructed within the project.
Transportation
It is possible to access ncirli Hydroelectric Plant project site taking the asphalt road through yidere district of the province of Rize. As Trabzon province has an access to the sea, the site has access through sea route being located on the Black Sea coast. Existing ports are usually used for freight shipment. Trabzon airport located at approximately 67.0 km distance from the project site is used for air transportation.
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Land Status and Expropriation
Most of the project site’s land is personal property. Approximately 20.000 m2 land will be expropriated within this context. The cost of expropriation is taken as a separate project cost item. There will not be any expropriation for the forest areas, however the permit will be obtained in accordance with the amended Article 17/3 of the Forest Law numbered 6831 by the law numbered 5192.
The expropriation required for the project activities will be in accordance with the Expropriation Law numbered 2942, the government will register the land as state property through the related bodies of the Republic of Turkey and its expenses will be paid. Moreover, the land will not be handed over to the contractor companies of the regulator unless the expropriation procedures are completed. All of those works will be conducted based on the article of public interest by public authorities. There will be no residential usage license since the residential areas are not affected by the expropriation.
Other Structures
The dimensions will be determined by conducting stability analyses for all the other permanent concrete structures in the project and all concrete structures will be located on the hard rock, thus soil reliability will be maintained. All the allowable stress calculations will be performed in accordance with DS and international engineering criteria and standards.
Annually 109.12 GWh energy will be generated based on 62.0 m3/h project flowrate and 25.5 MW installed power by the construction of all above-mentioned facilities of which the characteristics are given below. The characteristics of project structures are given in order below;
N C R L I REGULATOR HYDROLOGY Drainage Area (km2) : 895.00 Average Annual Fall (mm) : 900.00 ∼ 1000.00 Average Annual Flowrate (m3/h) : 30.00
N C R L I REGULATOR Body Type Solid body concrete weight Maximum Operating Elevation (m) 102.00 Crest Elevation (m) 102.30 Riverside Elevation (m) 97.00 Height from the Riverbed (m) 5.30
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Crest Length (m) 50.00 Number of Scouring Sluice 1 Scouring Sluice Capacity (m3/h) 60 Scouring Sluice Dimensions (mxm) 4.0 x 4.0 Scouring Sluice Crest Elevation (m) 97.00
N C R L I WATER INTAKE STRUCTURE Type With Lateral Intake, Rectangular Section, Screen Location Right Shore Threshold Elevation (m) 98.00 Number of Screens 4 Screen Width (m) 5.00 Screen Length (m) 5.00
N C R L I SETTLING TANK Type With Rectangular Section, Flush Cover, Spillway, Steel-reinforced Concrete Tank Location Right Shore Number 4 Tank Width (m) 5.00 Tank Height (m) 5.00 Tank Length (m) 120.00
N C R L I TUNNEL Type With modified horseshoe section Number 1 Location Right Shore Capacity (m3/h) 52.10, 62.10 Tunnel Length (m) 2090.00, 2950.00 Tunnel Slope (%) 0.0005, 0.0007
N C R L II REGULATOR HYDROLOGY Drainage Area (km2) 55.00 Average Annual Fall (mm) 900.00 ∼ 1000.00 Average Annual Flowrate (m3/h) 3.55
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N C R L II REGULATOR Body Type Tyrolean Type Concrete weight Maximum Operating Elevation (m) 102.00 Crest Elevation (m) 102.30 Riverside Elevation (m) 101.80 Height from the Riverbed (m) 0.50 Crest Length (m) 20.00
N C R L II WATER INTAKE STRUCTURE Type With Overhead Intake, Tyrolean Type, Screen Location Left Shore Threshold Elevation (m) 102.30 Number of Screens 1 Screen Width (m) 3.00 Screen Length (m) 19.00
N C R L II SETTLING TANK Type With Rectangular Section, Flush Cover, Spillway, Steel Reinforced Concrete Tank Location Left Shore Number 1 Tank Width (m) 4.00 Tank Height (m) 4.00 Tank Length (m) 90.00
N C R L II TUNNEL Type With modified horseshoe section Number 1 Location Right Shore Capacity (m3/h) 10.00 Tunnel Length (m) 1230.00 Tunnel Slope (%) 0.00046
APPROACH TUNNELS Type With vertical wall horseshoe section, Steel-reinforced concrete tank Location Right Shore Number 1 Tunnel Dimensions (mxm) 5.00 x 7.00 Tunnel Length (m) 250
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PENSTOCK Location Outdoor Penstock Type Steel Number of Penstock 1 Diameter of Penstock (m) 4.40 Length of Penstock (m) 60.00 Maximum Discharge of Penstock (m3/h) 60.00
TURBINE Type Vertical Axis Francis Number 3 Unit power (MW) 8.50 Tailwater Elevation (m) 50.00 Gross Calculated Head (m) 48.20 Net Calculated Head (m) 47.60 Turbine Calculated Flowrate (m3/h) 20.70
GENERATOR Type With Vertical Axis, Salient Pole, Synchronized, 3-Phase Number 3 Unit Output (kVA) 9 500 Frequency (Hz) 50 Voltage (kV) 11 (primary)
TRANSFORMERS Indoor transformer Type Oil-immersed Number 2 Unit Output (kVA) 400 Frequency (Hz) 50 Voltage (kV) 6.3/0.4
Outdoor transformer Type Oil-immersed, Forced oil and Air-cooled (OFAF) Number 2 Unit Output (kVA) 9 500 Frequency (Hz) 50 Voltage (kV) 11/34.5
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POWER PLANT Installed Power (MW) 25.50 Firm Power (GWS) 5.32 Annual Firm Energy Generation (GWS) 46.63 Annual Average Secondary Energy Generation (GWS) 62.49 Annual Average Overall Energy Generation (GWS) 109.12
ENERGY TRANSMISSION LINE Type 34.5 kV Characteristics 2 x 477 MCM ETL Length (km) 2.00
Installed power optimization is performed for daily flows taking the irrigation into consideration. However, when existing and planned irrigation is analyzed, planned irrigation is not very high. For this reason, an additional optimization is not required for this situation. As a result of top view, the distance between Regulator I and the power plant is approx. 4.7 km, the distance between Regulator II and the power plant is approx. 3.7 km and enough required amount of minimum downstream flow (500 l/sec) will be discharged for protecting the wildlife and ecological balance from regulator to the downstream. Daily flow values of No: 2215 and 2218 Flow Monitoring Stations (FMS) used in project design are presented in Appendix 5.
ncirli Regulator and Hydroelectric Power Plant Project’s only purpose is energy generation and one regulator and water intake structure with closing dike, a 5.385 m long open canal, forebay at the end of the canal and a 150 m long penstock will be installed within the context of the project. Power plant and its units are located at the end of the penstock. In addition to that, the connection of the electricity generated in the power plant to the interconnected system will be later on implemented.
In average 200 persons during the construction stage and 10 persons for the operation stage are planned to be employed in ncirli Regulator and Hydroelectric Power Plant Project.
Tunnel excavations will provide the material required in the project and moreover the material collected during the construction of the units will be used at the construction stage. During the construction of transmission tunnels, small-scale, instant, controlled explosions will be performed locally on that specific part of the rough ground that cannot be dug and drilled. Therefore, all precautions required will be taken and the necessary announcements for the people around will be performed. (Sound alarm, security cordon, work stoppage if necessary etc.)
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A very small amount of dust and noise will occur during the small-scale explosions, however, a negative impact for the fauna and flora in the region is not expected due to the topographical structure of the region. The calculations related to the explosions are presented in Section I.C.
Construction and erection works considered within the context of ncirli Regulator and Hydroelectric Power Plant Project are anticipated being completed and commissioned within 2.5 years excluding the preparation stage. Regulator and water intake structure, cofferdam, closing dike, derivation canal, transmission canal, power house and tailwater canal constructions within the context of the project are considered to be completed conveniently within a period of 2.5 years. A period of 15 months is planned for the procurement and erection works of the electromechanical equipment in the project.
ncirli Regulator and Hydroelectric Power Plant Project’s only purpose is energy generation. Since the electricity sales prices change according to free market conditions for the project, which is implemented in the context of Law numbered 4628, at this stage it is not possible to assign exact figures of the plant benefits for the generation companies.
The areas for the units to be constructed in the project are presented in Table I.A.4. and the amount of excavations from the units in Table I.A.5.
Table I.A.4. ncirli HEPP Unit Areas Units Areas (m2) Derivation Unit 1,250 Regulator Cofferdam Container Unit 1,250 Regulator I Body Unit 10,000 Regulator II Body Unit 5,000 Approach Tunnel Unit 3,250 Tunnel Unit 80,000 Forebay Unit 6,000 Penstock Unit 1,750 Power House and Tailwater Canal 7,500 Unit Overall Area (m2) 116.000
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Table I.A.5. ncirli HEPP Energy Structures Excavation Amounts Work Description Amount (m3) Derivation Canal Excavation 2,500 Regulator Cofferdam Container Excavation 2,500 Regulator I Body Stripping Excavation 15,000 Regulator I Body Rock Excavation 5,000 Regulator II Body Stripping Excavation 7,000 Regulator II Body Rock Excavation 3,000 Approach Tunnel Excavation 1,500 Approach Tunnel Inlet Excavation 5,000 Tunnel Excavation 160,000 Forebay Unit Stripping Excavation 10,000 Forebay Unit Rock Excavation 2,000 Penstock Rock Excavation 3,500 Power House and Tailwater Canal 15,000 Excavation Overall Excavation Amount 232.000
Annual Benefits Average wholesale energy purchase unit price in 2007 determined by EPDK and given below was used for the benefit calculations of the economical analyses. Firm Energy : 6.0 cent/kWs Secondary Energy : 3.3 cent/kWs Peak Load : 85 USD/kW
Energy generation as a result of operation: Firm Energy : 46 630 000 kWs Secondary Energy : 62 490 000 kWs Overall Energy : 109 120 000 kWs Overall Energy Benefit : 4 859 970 USD
Annual Costs
Annual costs are used for the benefit-cost analyses of the plant in terms of national economy. For this reason, annual costs are calculated based on the general principles agreed for energy investments. Annuals costs principally consist of the sum of interest + amortization + renewal costs and operation + maintenance costs and is 4,826,896 USD in total for the proposed facilities.
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Income-Expenditure Ratio
It is possible to calculate the income/expenditure ratio of the project, by dividing the annual overall income to annual costs or by assessing the first year equivalent cash flow based on discounted cash flows (9.5% for the energy projects in national economy studies) of incomes and costs of 50 years and comparing those two values. Income/expenditure ratio as per the first method is presented below.
Annual income : USD 4 859 970 Annual expenditure : USD 4 826 896 Income/Expenditure ratio : 1.01
The project Income/Expenditure ratio calculated by assessing the first year equivalent cash flow based on discounted cash flows of incomes and costs of 50 years with 9.5% discount ratio is 1.09. The interest rate equalizing the income and the expenditure in the projects is called as “internal rate of return”. With regard to the calculation taking the 50 years lifespan of ncirli Regulator and HEPP into consideration and based on first year equivalent values of sum of project cost and operation- maintenance costs and annual project income with equalizing discount rates, the internal rate of return is resulted as 10.38 %.
Workflow Chart to be implemented in the project is presented in Figure I.A.7.
Figure I.A.7. Workflow Chart
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I.B. Use of Natural Resources (Land Use, Water Use, Used Energy Type etc.)
The detailed data of the units in the project are presented in Section I.A. Required amount of minimum downstream flow (500 l/sec) will be continuously discharged to the riverbed in a way not to damage the ecological balance for maintaining the ecological niche. Flow discharge to the riverbed from the large and small branches and spillways connected to the river along the tunnel at the specific times of the year will maintain the continuity of the water flow thus minimize the impact on aquatic life. Because of the high rainfall and relative humidity characteristics of the region, any impact of the project on terrestrial ecosystem and fauna is not expected.
Existing flora will not be affected by those works since the tunnel construction will be underground. There are Alders and Briars with heights ranging from 1m to 10 m on penstock route and HEPP site. The trees to be cut down will cover a land having 110 m length and 10 m width and an area of 100 x 100 m at power plant site. Accordingly, the area covering the trees to be cut will be approx. 1.10 ha. After the works to be conducted, previous vegetation will once again dominate the land as a result of natural cycle. Expropriation is not a question for the forest areas, permit will be obtained in accordance with the amended Article 17/3 of the Forest Law numbered 6831 by the law numbered 5192.
There will be sufficient amount of extinguishers, necessary tools and equipments, fire resistant clothing and similar equipment for potential forest fires and other fires since the project site is located in the forestland. Moreover, competent authorities will be informed in case of fire and activities will be carried out in coordination with respective departments.
There is not any agricultural land in the project site, regulator areas, penstock and power plant areas. However, the agricultural land that will be disposed due to the project consists of approx 1 ha tea garden located in the impact area of the facilities. This land will be expropriated.
All the necessary soil and environmental precautions will be taken within the project and all the required permits will be obtained from the Provincial Agricultural Directorate of Rize in accordance with the Soil Protection and Land Use Act of 5403 (Article 13, subparagraph d). If any pasture qualified areas come in sight during the works, it will be applied for the change in qualification in accordance with the Article 14 of Pasture Act of 3442. In addition to that, the shoreline will not be damaged in construction and operation stages.
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The electricity required during the construction stage will be supplied by connecting the energy transmission line in the region. Moreover, generators having various power values will be utilized and those will operate on diesel fuel. On the other hand, the heating of administrative, social and other areas will be provided by electric or gas catalytic heaters.
Healthy and safe water will be supplied in the course of the project in accordance with the provisions of the “Regulation concerning Water Intended for Human Consumption” enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 17.02.2005 and numbered 25730 and criteria of the Regulation.
Drinking and potable water needed during construction and operation stages of the plant will be provided from Kalkandere settlement and other neighbouring settlements with hygienic tankers and containers. There is no shortage of water supply in the region.
The wastewater originated from the staff (10 persons) who will work in administrative units during the operation, will be transferred into the watertight cesspool excavated and when it is full, it will be cleaned by a sewage truck of the Municipality, to be disposed of.
Domestic solid wastes will be delivered to the dumping area of the Municipality and the ones that can be recycled to the licensed recycling plants. The medical wastes of the health unit installed in the construction site will be stored separately and then will be transferred to the designated disposal area or storage of the hospital in licensed vehicles within the determined intervals.
The project site is located in the Eastern Black Sea water basin. The location of the project and map of the basin is presented in Figure I.B.1.
The water resource of the basin is yidere Creek and its branches. For measuring the flows of yidere Creek there is yidere- im irli Flow Monitoring Station numbered 2218, which was installed in 1954 by the General Directorate of Electrical Power Resources Survey and Development Administration and has been assessing the flows since 1963. The calculations were performed according to the daily and monthly average flowrates of the years 1963-2003 for the station. Rainfall area of the station is 834.9 km2.
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Figure I.B.1. The Map of Great River Basins (EIE, 2007)
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Water Usage and Water Rights
ncirli Regulator and Hydroelectric Power Plant Project’s purpose is energy generation and the de-energized water will be discharged to the riverbed. There is not any water right in the project site. Considering that 500 l/sec of water will be discharged for the continuation of wildlife between the regulator and power house area, this issue is taken into account for operation works.
Water Demand
The purpose of the plant is energy generation and there is no demand for irrigation in the upstream and downstream.
Run-offs
Since the purpose of the plant is energy generation and the de-energized water taken by the regulator will be discharged to the riverbed, therefore there is no question regarding the run-offs.
Calculation of Project Site Flows
The area of ncirli Regulator is 895.0 km2. The project site flows are calculated based on the daily flowrates of the station numbered 2218 modified according to the rainfall area ratios. In the “Eastern Black Sea Basin Survey Report” prepared in 1981 by General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works (DS ), some of the facilities suggested to be constructed for energy generation in the upstream of Regulator and P naralt HEPP Project are planned as run-of-river type and some are planned with dam. In the case that run-of-river type HEPP is constructed, the flows that come to the regulator location will not be affected. Plants with dams, now open for private sector application, do not seem feasible at this stage.
High amount of storage in the dams is not possible due to the topographical structure of the land and moreover since the access roads pass through the valley plains, very long distance road relocations arise when plant with dam is constructed. For this reason, most of the plants with dams proposed in the “Eastern Black Sea Basin Survey Report” have brought to the agenda to be built with regulators later on.
It is known that they are considered as regulator type plants within the alternative project formulations of the mentioned plants. Since there are project formulations in the yidere Basin submitted to DS by the private sector and the above-explained acceptance took place by the approval of DS , at this stage the water supply values are calculated based on the present status. In case, that the status of the facilities in the upstream is clarified the calculations performed will be re-studied at as-built project stage.
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However, in the case that one of the facilities in the upstream is decided to be built with dam, ncirli Regulator and Hydroelectric Power Plant Project proposed within the context of this feasibility report will be affected positively by that situation. Although no alteration is considered regarding the project formulations, slight increase of firm energy in the Project may come to the fore since there are not so many plants with dams to be built in that region.
Flow Duration Values
Flow duration values and daily flowrates of the regulators were calculated and the firm flowrate value is 9.61 m3/h.
Operation Works
The operation works were performed based on daily average flows instead of ncirli I and ncirli II regulators calculated as mentioned above. It was complied with the 52 m3/h value for ncirli I regulator in operation work. ncirli II regulator diversion flowrate was taken as 10 m3/h. ncirli II diversion flowrate will be controlled following flow measurements. In this work, there is no possibility of storing the flows since the regulator pond area is small, thus the de-energized excess flows compared to project flowrate from all the flows especially in winter and spring seasons are accepted not to be used and discharged over the spillway.
FLOOD HYDROLOGY ncirli I Regulator Flood Hydrology
Flood calculations were performed by Synthetic Methods, Spot Flood Frequency Analysis (PFFA) and Regional Flood Frequency Analysis Methods. Flow monitoring stations near project site were utilized for flood calculations (Appendix 5).
Rainfall Analysis
Sivrikaya (DS ), k i z d e r e ( D S ) and Kalkandere (DS ) meteorological observation stations represent the rainfall area of ncirli regulator. The most feasible distribution functions and rainfall-duration-frequency values derived from the most feasible distribution results obtained by the utilization of Kolmogrow-Smirnof test for daily maximum rainfalls of the meteorological observation stations representing the rainfall area in a year are presented in Table I.B.I.
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Table I.B.I. 24 Hour Rainfall-Duration-Frequency Values (R-D-F) (mm)
FREQUENCY (Year) Station Name The Most Feasible 2 5 10 25 50 100 Distribution Function Sivrikaya (DS ) LN(2 Parameters) 25,80 34,00 39,20 45,60 50,30 55,00 kizdere (DM ) LP(Type-3) 48,20 63,90 77,40 98,40 117,3 139,30 Kalkandere Pearson Type-3 84,10 103,2 114,6 127,9 137,1 145,80 (DM ) Project rainfall area in 24 hrs 41,50 54,50 64,70 79,80 92,80 107,60
Project Site Flood Calculations
The flowrates of the flood frequency of the project site is calculated by DS Synthetical Method (with superposition), Mockus (without superposition), Spot Flood Frequency Analysis and Regional Flood Frequency Analysis Methods.
Calculation of the Flood Frequency Flowrates with DS Synthetic Method
In this method, the project site is located in the “A” region of the temporal distribution of the rainfall in Turkey and its critical rainfall duration is 24 hrs. Basic flow, was calculated as 82.9 m3/h at the project site taking the average of average flows for the months of April + May + June in the year 1989 of yidere- im irli Bridge flow monitoring station numbered 2218.
3 3 3 Q2 = 139.1 m /h, Q5 = 201.9 m /h, Q10 = 261.5 m /h, 3 3 3 Q25= 363.6 m /h, Q50= 460.7 m /h, Q100= 582.6 m /h,
Calculation of the Flood Frequency Flowrates with Mockus (without superposition) Method
In Mockus Method, it was assumed that K=0.208 and 82.9 m3/h as basic flow was added to the project site flood frequency flowrates. The basic flow calculations based on the instant peaks and average flows of flow monitoring station numbered 2218 are presented.
3 3 3 Q2 = 97.9 m /h, Q5 = 151.9 m /h, Q10 = 216.8 m /h, 3 3 3 Q25=342.3 m /h, Q50= 473.5 m /h, Q100= 644.2 m /h,
Calculation of the Flood Flowrates with Spot Flood Frequency Analysis Method (SFFA)
In the Spot Flood Frequency Analysis study, instant maximum flowrates of the monitoring stations near project site and of yidere- im irli Bridge flow monitoring station numbered 2218 in a year were utilized. Extreme calculation and feasible distribution function of the instant maximum flood frequency flowrates of the station in a year were performed.
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Flood frequency values of the project site adjusted by the (895/834.9)0.666=1.047 ratio of the flood frequency data of the station were calculated and presented below.
3 3 3 Q2 = 148.8 m /h, Q5 = 218.8 m /h, Q10 = 280.0 m /h, 3 3 3 Q25= 377.9 m /h, Q50= 468.0 m /h, Q100= 575.4 m /h,
Regional Flood Frequency Analysis (RFFA)
In Regional Flood Frequency Analysis work, instant maximum flowrates of the monitoring stations near project site in a year were utilized. The envelope of RFFA was drawn taking the average of the values obtained by dividing Q2 Flood Flowrate and the below frequency flowrates were calculated by multiplying the read value that is Q=180.0 m3/h and the obtained average value.
3 3 3 Q2 = 180.0 m /h, Q5 = 237.1 m /h, Q10 = 257.4 m /h, 3 3 3 Q25= 338.2 m /h, Q50= 387.1 m /h, Q100= 441.4 m /h,
The flood frequency flowrates of Spot Flood Frequency Analysis Method were taken as base for flood frequency flowrates of the project site. The comparative results of the methods are presented below:
Frequencies 2 m³/s 5 m³/s 10 m³/s 25 m³/s 50 m³/s 100 m³/s
1 - DS SYNTHETIC METHOD 139,10 201,90 261,50 363,60 460,70 582,60 2 - MOCKUS 97,90 151,90 216,80 342,30 473,50 644,20 3 – SFFA 148,80 218,80 280,00 377,90 468,00 575,40 4 – RFFA 180,00 237,10 257,40 338,20 387,10 441,40
ncirli II Regulator Flood Hydrology
The Flow Monitoring Stations (FMS) taken into account for ncirli HEPP energy project planned on the Karadere branch of the yidere creek basin, which is one of the Eastern Black Sea rivers are presented in Appendix 5. Maximum annual flow values of the FMSs that have been operated and/or still being operated by DS and E E are identified by scanning the Flow Monitoring Yearbooks published by both institutions mentioned for conducting a basin work at river basin numbered 22. Those maximum annual flow values were processed with Kolmogrow-Smirnof and CHI Square distribution tests by the aid of a computer software to determine the statistical probable distribution and density functions.
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Spot Flood Frequency Analysis (SFFA)
From the spot flood frequency values calculated with the most feasible probable distribution function for the annual instant flowrate series belonging to the Flow Monitoring Stations located near yidere basin of No 22 river basin, in the calculation of the various repeated peak flowrate values of yidere Regulator location, flowrate values of DS ’s No 22-82 station location, which is located on Salarha creek in the neighbouring basin and more in the upstream compared to the project site having very close similar characteristics and whose rainfall area is 83.32 km2, “n” coefficient is taken as 2/3 while their ratio to the project site is adjusted with Q=C.An formula.
Regional Flood Frequency Analysis (RFFA)
The “Uniformity Test” was applied in order to identify the station to be included or not included in the regional flood ratios calculation with the previously determined flowrates of the Flow Monitoring Stations located near yidere basin of No 22 river basin. As a requirement of this test, “Regional Flood Ratios” were calculated utilizing the stations within 95% reliability limit and the feasible envelope curve was drawn on the Log-Log paper, rainfall areas of the mentioned stations versus Q2 year repeated flowrates.
Calculation of the Flood Frequency Flowrates with the Synthetic Method
Various repeated peak flowrates and hydrographs of ncirli II Regulator site, where feasibility work at 100.00 m riverbed elevation is conducted, in the yidere basin of No 22 river basin, on a branch of that river called Karadere, the plant site rainfall area’s various repeated rainfall amount were calculated based on the average unit hydrograph of the plant site rainfall area. Plant site rainfall area was considered as a system in those methods and the input of the system was the rain falling on the plant rainfall area. In this case, the output of the system was flow. The rainfall input was converted into flow with the unit hydrograph assuming that the system was linear.
Rainfall Time Distribution
The “B” region’s curve was obtained based on the series, which resulted the maximum rainfall within and 24 hrs period of the year in each observation year and of which the hourly values were known, from the “Time Distribution of Rainfall in Turkey” brochure of the General Directorate of DS publications. The Pluviograph coefficients were taken from the Rize (SMS – State Meteorology Station) meteorology station, which was considered to be representing the rainfall basin.
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Rainfall – Flow
With both land survey and mapping works, rainfall-flow curve’s number was identified as “CNII=85” as a result of the function of the soil structure of the rainfall basin for the plant, hydrological soil group, topography, flora etc. The physical magnitudes of the proposed rainfall area allowed the application of DS Synthetic and Mockus Unit Hydrograph methods. Comments regarding those methods are given below.
DS Synthetic Method
In DS Synthetic Method for plant site, Overall Rainfall Values of Various Critical Rainfall Durations of the plant site was calculated by the multiplication of 24 hrs station rainfall frequency Pluviograph ratios (SMS Rize MS) of the MSs representing the rainfall area in respect of rainfall, rainfall area distribution ratios (RAD), Thiessen ratios and Maximization Coefficient (MC) in the same table. Those rainfalls were studied by entering them to the computer software of the DS Synthetic Method and rainfall frequencies in different periods (2-4-6-8-12-18 and 24) were obtained. In those frequencies, ground rainfalls were assumed as the selected rainfall blocks for the proposed plant site.
Mockus Method
In DS Synthetic Method for plant site, Overall Rainfall Values of Various Critical Rainfall Durations of the plant site was calculated by the multiplication of 24 hrs station rainfall frequency Pluviograph ratios (SMS Rize MS) of the MSs representing the rainfall area in respect of rainfall, rainfall area distribution ratios (RAD), Thiessen ratios and Maximization Coefficient (MC) in the same table. When the computer software for the Mockus Method evaluated those rainfall values, the same increment flow duration ( D=Tc/5) value with the result of the calculations was used. On the other hand, for the determination of critical rainfall duration, the value that is exact multiple of the increment flow (4 D, 5 D etc.) considering the retention time and over the calculated Mockus rainfall duration (D=2Tc1/2) found for the plant site was selected. After the determination of those parameters, the rainfalls were converted to the flows using found increment flow values.
Continuous Flow Estimation (Base Flow)
Based on the observation dates of the instant peak flowrates in a year of DS No: 22-82 Salarha Deresi - Kömürcüler FMS, which is currently in operation located on Salarha creek in the neighboring basin of Karadere where n c i r l i R e g ulator is located, more in the upstream and having the rainfall area of 83.32 km2, the highest flowrate among the monthly average flowrates of June-July-August-September was taken as base flow. And its ratio with plant site; n Q ncirli II reg= (A n c i r l i I I r e g /A22-28) x Q22-82 was adjusted (n=0.66) and added to the repeated flowrates found with synthetic method.
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Selection of Project Frequency Flowrates
All the flowrates calculated each with another method for ncirli Regulator site are matching. As a result of the evaluation, the use of results of the selected method for project design works is considered more reliable and economical for the repeated data presented in the table.
Sedimentation Status
No sedimentation problem is expected to occur on the shaft of ncirli I and ncirli II regulators. According to the studies conducted, no problem is expected to come up regarding the water use for energy generation. At this stage of the studies, there is no problem regarding the project.
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C. Amount of Wastes Generated (Solid, Liquid, Gas etc.) and Chemical, Physical and Biological Characteristics of the Wastes
Impacts such as; ∗ liquid wastes, ∗ solid wastes, ∗ emission, ∗ vibration and noise generated are expected during the construction and operation stages of the activity that is planned to be performed and those will be mostly originated from the working staff, heavy equipment and the equipments that will be located at the site during operation. The mentioned impacts may briefly be summarized as follows:
Liquid Wastes
Healthy and safe water will be supplied in the project in accordance with the provision of the “Regulation Concerning Water Intended for Human Consumption” enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 17.02.2005 and No. 25730 and criteria of the regulation. Drinking and potable water needed during construction and operation stages of the plant will be provided from the settlements in the region with hygienic tankers and containers, and with plastic bottles when required.
• Construction Stage
The number of staff that is planned to be employed at the construction stage of the project is 200. Project’s purpose is electricity generation and no wastewater due to generation is expected. Based on an assumption of 150 l/day water consumption per person for drinking and personal usage purposes, 200 persons x 150 l/day-person = 30,000 l/day = 30 m3/day daily average domestic wastewater generation is calculated. Pollution loads in domestic wastewater are presented in Table I.C.1.
Table I.C.1. Pollutants in Domestic Wastewater and Average Concentrations (Benefield, L. and Randall, C., 1980)
Parameter Concentration pH ...... 6-9 TSS (Total Suspended Solids)...... 200
BOD5 (Biochemical Oxygen Demand)...... 200 COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand)...... 500 Total Nitrogen...... 40 Total Phosphorus...... 10
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The pollutant loads in domestic wastewater were calculated as follows according to above table; TSS ...... 6 kg/day
BOD5 ...... 6 kg/day COD ...... 15 kg/day Total Nitrogen ...... 1.2 kg/day Total Phosphorus...... 0.3 kg/day
Domestic wastewater of the site facilities at the construction area will be biologically treated at the package treatment unit and will be discharged into yidere or Karadere creeks after being treated in a way complying with the discharge standards of Fisheries Regulation numbered 1380 and the Regulation on Control of Water Pollution enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 31.12.2004 and No. 25687. Discharge permit will be obtained from the Governorship of Rize in this respect. Additionally, plans and projects of the package treatment plant will be prepared in accordance with “Wastewater Treatment Plant Project Approval” circular and approved by the relevant authorities.
Discharge standards of domestic wastewaters to receiving environments for the settlements having 84-100 populations are indicated as below in this circular. (Regulation on Control of Water Pollution Control - Table 21.1):
Parameter Composite Sample Composite Sample After 2 hrs After 24 hrs . BOD5 (mg/l) 50 45 COD (mg/l) 180 120 TSS (mg/l) 70 45 pH 6-9 6-9
Anticipated values for the wastewaters to be discharged to the waters that are declared as production areas for fishery product as per the Fisheries Regulation numbered 1380 are presented below:
Parameter Allowable Values BOD5 (mg/l) 50 COD (mg/l) 170 TSS (mg/l) 200 pH 6-9
All of the water to be utilized for the concrete making and watering at construction operations will be used without cycling to wastewater. Moreover, oil change of the heavy equipment will not be performed on site at the construction stage and in the compulsory situations the procedures will be carried out as per the “Regulation on Control of Waste Oil” enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 21.01.2004 and No. 25353.
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∗ Operation Stage
10 persons is planned to be employed within the scope of the project. Based on an assumption of 150 l/day water consumption per person for drinking and using purposes,
10 persons x 150 l/day-person = 1,500 l/day = 1.5 m3/day daily average domestic wastewater production is expected. Pollution loads in the mentioned domestic wastewater are presented in Table I.C.1. and the corresponding pollutant loads in the domestic wastewater in Table I.C.2.
Table I.C.2. Pollutant Loads in Domestic Wastewaters Parameter Pollutant Load TSS ...... 0.3 kg/day
BOD5 ...... 0.3 kg/day COD ...... 0.75 kg/day Total Nitrogen ...... 0.01 kg/day Total Phosphorus...... 0.02 kg/day
Since the number of working staff at operation stage is low, the discharge of the wastewater produced in the plant will be transferred into the watertight cesspool in accordance with the provisions of the “Regulation on the Pits to be Excavated where Sewer System Construction is not Possible” (Official Gazette dated 19.03.1971 and numbered 13783) and will be periodically cleaned by the vacuum truck of the Municipality duly paying the cost when it is full. Typical cesspool plan is enclosed in Appendix 6.
The storage and delivery of the waste oils produced during the operation stage will be carried out as per the “Regulation on Control of Waste Oil”. Moreover, transformer oils without PCB (Polychlorinated biphenyl) will be utilized.
During the construction and operation stages at the plant the provisions of the “Regulation on Control of Water Pollution” published in the Official Gazette dated 31.12.2004 and No. 25687 and the “Regulation concerning the Amendment of the Regulation on Control of Water Pollution” published in the Official Gazette dated 13.02.2008 and No. 26786 will be complied with.
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Solid Wastes
∗ Construction Stage Within the context of the project, starting from the preparation of the site to the commissioning of the unit, at the construction stage; ∗ domestic solid wastes of the construction workers (glass, paper, plastic etc.), ∗ domestic solid wastes of organic origin from the catering of the staff and ∗ cement bags, plate and metal parts, packaging and boxes, timber etc. construction originated solid wastes will be managed in accordance with the “Regulation on Control of Solid Wastes” enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette 14.03.1991, 20814, “Regulation on Control of Hazardous Wastes” enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 14.03.2005 and No. 25755, “Regulation on Control of Waste Oils” enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 21.01.2004 and No. 25353, “Regulation on Control of Medical Wastes” enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 22.07.2005 and No. 25883, “Regulation on the Control of Excavation Soil and Wastes from Construction and Wreckage” enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 18.03.2004 and No. 25406) and “Regulation on Control of Packaging Wastes” enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 24.06.2007 and No. 26562.
In average 200 persons per day are planned to be employed at the construction stage of the project. Resulting total domestic solid waste amount, based on the assumption one person produces 1.34 kg/day solid waste, will be;
200 persons x 1.34 kg/day-person = 268 kg/day.
The domestic solid wastes, which can be classified as recyclable (plastic, glass, paper, metal etc.), will be collected separately considering their reusability, piled up and delivered to the licensed disposal facilities for recycling. Additionally, the construction materials, which can be classified such as cement bags, plate and metal parts, packaging and boxes, timber etc. wastes, will be stored separately in special containers as paper and paper products, plastic wastes considering their chemical characteristics, piled up and recycled.
The medical wastes from the health unit at the construction site will be stored separately and then will be transferred to the disposal area or storage of the hospital in licensed vehicles within determined intervals. Domestic solid wastes that are not recyclable will be collected in closed waste bins in such a way that they will not pollute the environment in terms of their presence, smell, dust, leaking out and similar factors and delivered to the disposal area indicated by the Municipality.
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The letter indicating that the remaining wastes after the excavation materials and tunnel excavations were utilized for the construction for the units will be taken by Of Municipality and map demonstrating the site location are enclosed in Appendix 9.
• Operation Stage Domestic solid wastes originated from the operating staff during the operation of the plant (glass, paper, plastic etc.), and organic origin wastes from the catering services of this staff will be managed in accordance with the “Regulation on Control of Solid Wastes” enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 14.03.1991 and No. 20814 and “Regulation on Control of Packaging Wastes”.
Employment of 10 employees is planned for the activity. Based on an assumption of 1.34 kg/day domestic solid waste per person is produced, the amount of total domestic solid wastes is calculated as;
10 persons x 1.34 kg/day-person = 1344 kg/day
The domestic solid wastes, which can be classified as recyclable will be collected separately considering their reusability, piled up and recycled. Domestic solid wastes that are not recyclable will be collected in closed waste bins in such a way that they will not pollute the environment in terms of presence, smell, dust, leaking out and similar factors and delivered to the disposal area indicated by the Municipality.
The disposal process of all the wastes produced in all the operations in the context of the project will be conducted in accordance with the “Regulation on Control of Solid Wastes” enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 14.03.1991 and No. 20814, “Regulation on Control of Hazardous Wastes” enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 14.03.2005 and No. 25755, “Regulation on Control of Waste Oils” enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 21.01.2004 and No. 25353, “Regulation on Control of Medical Wastes” enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 22.07.2005 and No. 25883, and “Regulation on Control of Packaging Wastes” enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 24.06.2007 and No. 26562.
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Emission
• Construction Stage There will be no fuel consumption in the project site for the generation purpose. However, fuel is necessary for the operation of heavy equipment utilized during the construction stage. The emission of the heavy equipment in the project location is considered not to negatively impact the current air quality, taking into account that they will not work continuously.
There will be diesel use for the vehicles. Assuming that 25 vehicles/hour will enter/exit the activity area and work approx. 10 min on site, the total duration of the work will be 250 minutes in total work hours. Considering that 5 l diesel is consumed per hour, approx. 21 l diesel will be used per hour at site.
The amount of the diesel consumed per hour at site is approx: (0.84 kg/l x 21 l =) 18 kg and the amount of pollutants exhausted from the vehicles is as flows: Carbon monoxide : 18 x 9.7 kg/ton / 1000 = 0.17 kg Sulphur dioxide : 18 x 6.5 kg/ton / 1000 = 0.12 kg
It was concluded that calculating the contribution to air pollution values and total pollution value are not required since CO and SO2 values are below the limit emission values indicated in the table in Article 40 of the “Regulation on Control of Air Pollution Originating from Industrial Facilities” enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 07.10.2004 and No. 25606. Additionally, fuel systems of the vehicles will be continuously controlled and the provisions of the “Regulation on Control of Exhaust Gas Emissions from Land Engine Vehicles in Traffic” enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 08.07.2005 and No. 25869 issued by the Ministry of Environment and Forest will be complied with.
During the construction stages, a small amount of excavation and dust are expected to generate where the units will be built and this dust emission is also below the limit values based on the calculations performed. The humid nature of the materials will decrease the amount of dust formation. Moreover, ready-mixed concrete and steel will be used for construction, thus dust emission regarding that is not considered to occur. The material required within the context of the project; tunnel, excavation etc will be met by the use of the material developed during the works.
During the construction of transmission tunnels, small-scale, instant, controlled blasts will be performed locally on that specific part of the rough ground that cannot be dug and drilled and all precautions required therefore will be taken. (work stoppage, sound alarm, security cordon etc.).
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A very small amount of dust and noise will occur during the small-scale blasting, however a negative impact for the fauna and flora in the region is not expected due to the topographical structure of the region.
In the project, approx. 232,000 m3 material will be excavated for the main unit areas; regulator, tunnels, water intake structure, penstock, valve chamber and plant area. The amount of the dust that will be generated during the construction works is calculated by the following formula;
Dust emission amount = Production Amount x Emission Factor
Excavation Emission Factor : 0.025 kg/ton Transportation Emission Factor : 0.7 kg/km-trip Loading-Unloading Emission Factor : 0.01 kg/ton Storing Emission Factor : 5.8 kg/ha.day Amount of Material (approx.) : 232,000 m3 x 1.8 ton/m3 ∼ 417,000 ton Duration : 980 days Daily Work Period : 24 h/day Amount of Material : ∼ 17.75 ton/h
Estimated Dust Emission occurring during Excavation: Production Amount Emission Factor Dust Emission Amount 17.75 ton/h * 0.025 kg/ton 0.44 kg/h
Estimated Dust Emission occurring during Loading: Production Amount Emission Factor Dust Emission Amount 17.75 ton/h * 0.01 kg/ton 0.17 kg/h
Estimated Dust Emission occurring during Transportation: Distance * Trip Emission Factor Dust Emission Amount 0.4 km * 1 trip/h * 0.7 kg/km-trip 0.28kg/h
Estimated Dust Emission occurring during Unloading: Production Amount Emission Factor Dust Emission Amount 17.75 ton/h * 0.01 kg/ton 0.17 kg/h
Estimated Dust Emission occurring during Storing: Storage Area Emission Factor Dust Emission Amount 1.5 ha * 5.8 kg/ha.day x (1 day/24 h) 0.36 kg/h
The total dust amount that will occur during the construction was calculated as 1.4 kg/h.
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In this case, the mass flow rate of the total dust emissions that will occur is below the mass flow rate (1.5 kg/h) of the dust indicated in “Regulation on Control of Air Pollution Originating from Industrial Facilities” (Appendix 2 Table 2.1.) and for this reason it was concluded that determination of the Contribution to Air Pollution Values and Total Pollution Value constituted are not required.
Concrete demand is planned to be supplied from the surrounding concrete plants and therefore, no crushing – screening plants will be required. However, in the case that there is a difficulty in supply of the concrete from the market, a small-scale mobile crushing – screening unit may be installed in the HEPP and Regulator area. The facility to be installed in the case of necessity is completely closed system (with conical crusher) and the dust formation will be in the negligible level. The excavated fragments bigger than 150 mm from the tunnel excavations will be treated through a mobile crushing – screening unit (1 unit) under the responsibility of the project owner. Consequently, due to the high humidity of the region and the precautions taken (spraying the material before unloading and crushing, belt and crusher are closed systems), no dust emission is expected to the environment from the rock crusher. The project will comply with the “Regulation on Control of Air Pollution Originating from Industrial Facilities” enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 22.07.2006 and No. 26236 during the construction stage. Additionally;
- The roads on site will be regularly watered, - The unloading and loading operations will be performed without blowing out the material, - The top of the trucks and other conveyors will be covered by canvas.
The dust emission come up temporarily within certain time intervals during above- mentioned operation is not considered as an important environmental impact since the dust emissions will be even more reduced by those precautions taken.
Blasting, Blasting Calculation and Modelling Blast process during the arrangement of the land and the construction of the units in the scope of the project will only be performed for the tunnel operations. Any blast in the material supply area and the other parts are not planned at that stage. Detonating cap, detonating cord, electrical blasting cap and a truck to carry the explosives will be utilized at the blast operations. Explosives and blasting caps will be taken in separate diesel vehicles accompanied by the gendarmerie, brought to the tunnel and the blast will be performed. The explosives will be stored maintaining all the safety standards in a zone near the tunnel surrounding since the environmental conditions are suitable and most of the blasts will be conducted there. Supply, storage and usage of the explosives will be in accordance with the legislation in effect. Controlled blasting will be performed in the project.
Controlled Perimeter Blasting Controlled perimeter blasting technique will be utilized for the surfaces, which the concrete will be poured on the edge and the slope of the surface will be steeper than one horizontal to one vertical. The diameter of the blast holes dug for the controlled perimeter blasting technique will not be less than 37 mm and they will be drilled on the intended excavation elevation with 500 mm spaces in-between. The distance between the perimeter holes may be altered in the light of executed blasts as the work proceeds.
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The diameter of the blasting holes dug perpendicular to the final excavation line, explosive charge amount and the blasting sequence will be adjusted in a way minimum damage will occur on the final excavation surface when the main blast is performed.
Controlled Excavation End of no blast hole to be drilled out of the controlled areas will enter to the controlled area except the controlled perimeter blast holes drilled on the perimeter of the excavations. Grounds in the controlled areas must be blasted in layers thicker than 1.5 m and the ends of the holes drilled to blast on the last layer must not be closer than 0.3 m to the final excavation border or elevation. In the locations where the borders or elevations are approximately given in the project, all the loose and crushed materials and all the materials that are not suitable for being foundation rock will be removed after the last layer is blasted.
Monitoring the Blasting Works Seismographic equipment will be provided to monitor the blasting works and vertical, diagonal and horizontal wavelengths will be measured.
Blast Limitations Blast work will not be performed within 10 m surrounding of the Permanent Works and for the distances more that 10 m, the blast will be limited in order to prevent the damage caused to the Permanent Works.
Disposal of the Explosives Expired explosives will not be kept in the construction site storage area. Explosives will not be disposed at any places of the underground works and where the blasting works take place.
Limitations during Blasts All the groups on site will be notified in written, 24 hours before the surface blasting works (for opening the tunnel mouths) performed. Any delay and postponement will immediately be notified to all the groups. If the blasts are performed on the ground level for the tunnels and shafts that have opening closer than 80 m to the surface in 50 m distance to a settlement, execution hours of those blasts will be limited with 6:00 and 18:00 every day. If carrying out the blast in other times will unacceptably hinder the other works, the surface blasts will be limited by after 16:00.
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Rock bursts are expected in the blasts that the hole stemming is not properly applied, the charge amount is high, and the reservoirs have slots and cracks. Maximum burst distance in relation with the specific charge was studied in a research of Swiss Institute of Blast and it was understood that there will be no bursting rock problem reducing the specific charge down to 0.2 kg/m3. But other researchers have avoided mentioning a certain number on this subject. Nevertheless, the following precautions will be taken in order to prevent the rock bursts in the activity and minimizing the possible impacts: ∗ All the safety measures will be checked before the blast is performed. ∗ Stemming operation will be conducted under the supervision of blast responsible according to the technique. ∗ Waste produced during the works will be piled up to form a damper against rock bursts. ∗ Guards will be assigned in order to prevent the entry of any person to the impact area the blast is performed. ∗ The blast hole will not be charged more than required.
If there is possibility that bursting rock fragmentations damage the surrounding living species, properties within or outside the construction site, steel nets, blast blankets etc. methods will be utilized to prevent such rock fragmentations.
If there is a possibility that third parties may be harmed because of explosive use, all the third parties will be previously warned as long as it is appropriate to minimize such damages. All the blasting operations will be carried out in coordination with the gendarmerie units.
Hole locations, numbers, length, the number of cartridges to be charged into the whole, charge amount per hole (kg), total charge amount and total hole length data during the blast will be come clear after the site works start. 2.2 – 3.6 kg/m3 dynamite and 1 capsule/m3 will be used in the tunnel. Blast Patterns are enclosed in Appendix 7.
A sound alarm having sufficient sound will be installed and operated and it will be easily heard on the general site noises in every location within 1.0 km radius of the surface blasts including the persons operating the construction vehicles and equipment. Hand sound alarms will be accepted for the areas such as tunnel entrances where the entry is under full control. All the blasting staff will be selected among the persons tested and certified by the related State Institutions.
All the excavations will be conducted in accordance with the best modern applications and with the techniques and methods minimizing the extra fracturing. Those methods will include the method maintaining the surface to be in the requested status after all the loose materials are removed and keeping the length of the last layer holes on the last border or elevation a little shorter.
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In order to prevent any damage as far as possible caused to the surrounding properties or environment or fractures and similar damages that can occur under or over the intended excavation borders and elevations, the depth and the distance of the holes, the amount of explosive to be placed into the holes and number of waiting intervals between the blasts and its sequence will be determined in the light of the conditions of that moment. If it is not possible to prevent this type of fractures and deformations from project owner’s point of view, use of explosives will immediately be stopped and the excavation will continue with other methods.
All the blasts performed will be registered and those records will include the time of each blast, its location, type, the amount of explosives used and all other necessary information.
Dust Formation in Blasting Operation It is handled separate from the other dust flow rates and is not included in the total dust flow rate, since all other activities are interrupted at the blasting time and the blast is completed within 2 seconds. Blast causes a short-time dust emission. 0.08 kg/ton dust emission factor is used to calculate the dust emission amount occurring in the blast.
During tunnelling operations, approx. 288,000 tons of material will be displaced as a result of blasting operations. This means 293.88 tons/day and 12.25 tons/h tunnel excavation material.
Estimated Dust Emission occurring during Blasting: Production Amount Emission Factor Dust Emission Amount 12.75 ton/h * 0.08 kg/ton 0.98 kg/h
All the other activities are interrupted in at the blasting time and the blast is completed within 2 seconds. Blast causes a short-time dust emission. 0.08 kg/ton dust emission factor is used to calculate the dust emission amount occurring in the blast. For the dust caused by the blast, it is assumed that the settled dust amount (10 -100 ) is 80% of the total dust emissions and suspended dust amount (0 -10 ) is %20. 0.98 kg dust occurred by the blast is composed of ;
(0.98 x 0.80) 0.78 kg settled dusts,
(0.98 x 0.20) 0.22 kg suspended dusts.
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The mass flow rate of the dust emissions that will occur in the tunnel during the blast is below the mass flow rate of the dust indicated in Table given in the Regulation on Control of Air Pollution Originating from Industrial Facilities. Moreover, any negative impact of the dust on settlements and surrounding is not expected since the blast will take place locally in the tunnel. Nevertheless, the environment will be humidified before and after the blasting operation, settlement of the dust will be waited and it will be ensured that working staff in all the areas to work with masks, glasses and other protective equipment.
During the construction period, the ventilation system will have sufficient capacity to maintain fresh air in the derivation tunnel. The design of the ventilation system will be in a way to maintain the underground use of all categories of the construction equipment and to provide minimum 3 m3/min fresh air per person working underground. If equipment working on diesel is used, for each kW energy used underground 6 m3/min additional minimum amount of fresh air will be provided in addition to the staff needs.
Supply and distribution of the fresh air will be sufficient to meet the minimum requirements in any working area. Maximum Quartz content, “Q” (particle size is between 5.0 and 0.2 micron, total respirable dust particle concentration) is presented below:
Maximum Quartz Content in the Dust Maximum Dust Concentration in Air (weight percentage) (mg/m3) Q < 1% 8 1 % < Q 4% 4 Q > 4% 0.15
The values are average concentration calculated based on 8 hours period. When the dust concentrations exceed the above-mentioned values, all the persons in the affected area will be informed and they will be instructed to wear gas and dust masks. Concentration limits of the toxic gases will comply with the approved related international regulation. The average air rate will not be less than 0.3 m/min in all the excavation areas.
The precautions will be taken at the construction and operation stages in the project considering that some accidents may occur within the scope of the project.
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Against the possible occupational accidents; caution signs will be placed on site, the workers will be consistently warned, clothing, ear flaps, glasses and helmet will be handed to the workers and the provisions of the “Regulation on Occupational Health and Safety in Construction Works”, Labor Law numbered 4857, “Regulation on Occupational Health and Safety” enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 09.12.2003 and numbered 25311, and the “Bylaw on Measures to be taken in the Workplaces and Works where Inflammable, Explosive, Dangerous and Hazardous Substances are used” .
A sound alarm having sufficient sound will be installed and operated and it will be easily heard on the general site noises in every location within 1.0 km radius of the surface blasts including the persons operating the construction vehicles and equipment. The related sections of the blasting procedures will be decided with the local authorities and will be circulated among the local community as much as possible. Especially while using the explosives, precautions to prevent the dispersion of rocks, logs or other objects or debris out of the working area will be taken. Health unit in the construction site will be established for first-aid and treatment purposes and will be operated during the construction period.
• Operation Stage
No fuel for generation purposes will be used in the plant and electric or gas catalytic heaters will be used for heating purposes. Apart from that diesel will be used for the vehicles inside the area. All the fuel used at the construction site will be provided from the market. Daily 4 vehicles in total are considered to enter and exit the activity area.
Based on the assumption that working period of one vehicle in the area is approx. ten minutes, the vehicles will be working for 40 minutes in total per day in the area. Considering that 5 litres of diesel is consumed per hour, approx. 3.3 litres of diesel will be consumed daily in the area.
The daily diesel consumption amount in the area is approx.: (0.84 kg/l x 3.3 l =) 2.77 kg, and the pollutant amounts exhausted from the vehicles is as follows:
Carbon monoxide : 2.77 x 9.7 kg/ton / 1000 = 0.03 kg Sulphur dioxide : 2.77 x 6.5 kg/ton / 1000 = 0.02 kg
It was concluded that calculating the contribution to air pollution values and total pollution value are not required since CO and SO2 values are below the limit emission values indicated in regulation.
Additionally, fuel systems of the vehicles will be continuously controlled and the provisions of the “Regulation on Control of Exhaust Gas Emissions from Land Engine Vehicles in Traffic” enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 08.07.2005 and No. 25869 issued by the Ministry of Environment and Forest will be complied with.
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The potential energy of water is first converted into mechanical energy by treating the water through the turbines and the mechanical energy is converted into the electrical energy through generators afterwards. No chemicals and similar substances will be mixed into water in the course of those processes. No emission negatively impacting the air quality is expected both at the construction and operation stages in the project.
Noise
• Construction Stage: The machinery and equipment utilized during project construction and their numbers are presented in Table I.C.5..
Table I.C.5. Machinery – Equipment to be Utilized Sources of Noise Number Sources of Noise Number Concrete Mixer 1 Diesel Engine Damper 2 Truck 8 Diesel Engine Excavator 1 Rock Crusher 1 Bulldozer 1 Diesel Engine Crawler Bucket 2 Compressor 3 Diesel Engine Crawler Crane 2 Generator 4 Loader 2 Welding Machine 4
Synchronous Operation Situations and Locations: Calculations performed considering all the heavy equipments will operate synchronously and together. However, since all heavy equipments will not be working synchronously during the construction stage, calculated noise level will reduce even more.
Volume Level Data of Each Equipment and Reference Sources for providing these Data: Volume levels of the equipment used outdoors are calculated based on the “Regulation on Noise Emission in the Environment by Equipment for Use Outdoors” enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 22.01.2003 and numbered 25001 issued by the Ministry of Industry and Trade.
In the calculations; 1 HP = 0.746 kW. Volume levels of the equipment planned to be utilized in the project are presented in Table I.C.6.
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Table I.C.6. Volume Levels of Noise Sources
Sources of Noise Volume Levels (Lw Db) Concrete Mixer 106 Truck 105 Rock Crusher 105 Diesel Engine Crawler Bucket 103 Diesel Engine Crawler Crane 103 Loader 101 Diesel Engine Damper 101 Diesel Engine Excavator 101 Bulldozer 101 Compressor 97 Generator 97 Welding Machine 96
Maximum exposure limit value for the working personnel is 85 dBA for 8 hours of working period; minimum exposure limit value is 80 dBA; instant noise maximum value is 140 dBA.
Volume levels on each octave band of the 4 octave bad distribution between 500- 4000 Hz of the total volume level belonging to each noise source are calculated below.
Calculation of the total noise level that may occur as a result of construction site activity: The rules indicated in the Regulation on Assessment and Management of Environmental Noise, Article 23 regarding the prevention of environmental noise level and noise caused by the construction site will be complied with. Moreover, the project owner will demonstrate the information regarding inception, completion dates and working periods of the construction and permits obtained from Province/District Municipality on a plate that is easily visible for everybody at the construction site.
Volume levels on each octave band of the 4 octave bad distribution between 500- 4000 Hz of the total volume level belonging to each noise source are calculated by using below formula and presented in Table I.C.7.
Lw(i) = 10 log ( 10 lw / 10) 4
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Table I.C.7. Sources of Noise and Volume Levels
Noise Sources Volume Levels (Lw dB) Overall 500 Hz 1000 Hz 2000 Hz 4000 Hz Concrete Mixer 106 99 99 99 99 Truck 105 99 99 99 99 Rock Crusher 105 99 99 99 99 Diesel Engine Crawler Bucket 103 97 97 97 97 Diesel Engine Crawler Crane 103 97 97 97 97 Loader 101 95 95 95 95 Diesel Engine Damper 101 95 95 95 95 Diesel Engine Excavator 101 95 95 95 95 Bulldozer 101 95 95 95 95 Compressor 97 91 91 91 91 Generator 97 91 91 91 91 Welding Machine 96 90 90 90 90
The noise reduces inversely proportional to the distance between the living species that it is exposed and itself after exiting from the source. After the source of noise – point source or linear source – determined, it propagates in air according to its wavelength and frequency. The 50 m, 100 m, 250 m, 500 m, 1000 m and 2000 m values of each source of noise in circular area are presented below:
Sound pressure level (dB) that will occur in the area is calculated by the following formula: A=4 r2 Q: Orientation Factor (For free fields Q=2)
Lp = Lw + 10 log (Q/A)
Table I.C.8. Sound Pressure Levels that will occur in the Area
Noise Sources Sound Pressure Levels (LP dB) Distance 500 Hz 1000 Hz 2000 Hz 4000 Hz 50 57,04 57,04 57,04 57,04 100 51,02 51,02 51,02 51,02 250 43,06 43,06 43,06 43,06 Concrete Mixer 500 37,04 37,04 37,04 37,04 1000 31,02 31,02 31,02 31,02 2000 25 25 25 25 50 57,04 57,04 57,04 57,04 100 51,02 51,02 51,02 51,02 250 43,06 43,06 43,06 43,06 Truck 500 37,04 37,04 37,04 37,04 1000 31,02 31,02 31,02 31,02 2000 25 25 25 25
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50 57,04 57,04 57,04 57,04 100 51,02 51,02 51,02 51,02 250 43,06 43,06 43,06 43,06 Rock Crusher 500 37,04 37,04 37,04 37,04 1000 31,02 31,02 31,02 31,02 2000 25 25 25 25 50 55,04 55,04 55,04 55,04 100 49,02 49,02 49,02 49,02 Diesel Engine Crawler 250 41,06 41,06 41,06 41,06 Bucket 500 35,04 35,04 35,04 35,04 1000 29,02 29,02 29,02 29,02 2000 23 23 23 23 50 55,04 55,04 55,04 55,04 100 49,02 49,02 49,02 49,02 250 41,06 41,06 41,06 41,06 Diesel Engine Crawler Crane 500 35,04 35,04 35,04 35,04 1000 29,02 29,02 29,02 29,02 2000 23 23 23 23 50 53,04 53,04 53,04 53,04 100 47,02 47,02 47,02 47,02 250 39,06 39,06 39,06 39,06 Loader 500 33,04 33,04 33,04 33,04 1000 27,02 27,02 27,02 27,02 2000 21 21 21 21 50 53,04 53,04 53,04 53,04 100 47,02 47,02 47,02 47,02 250 39,06 39,06 39,06 39,06 Diesel Engine Damper 500 33,04 33,04 33,04 33,04 1000 27,02 27,02 27,02 27,02 2000 21 21 21 21 50 53,04 53,04 53,04 53,04 100 47,02 47,02 47,02 47,02 250 39,06 39,06 39,06 39,06 Diesel Engine Excavator 500 33,04 33,04 33,04 33,04 1000 27,02 27,02 27,02 27,02 2000 21 21 21 21 50 53,04 53,04 53,04 53,04 100 47,02 47,02 47,02 47,02 250 39,06 39,06 39,06 39,06 Bulldozer 500 33,04 33,04 33,04 33,04 1000 27,02 27,02 27,02 27,02 2000 21 21 21 21 50 49,04 49,04 49,04 49,04 100 43,02 43,02 43,02 43,02 250 35,06 35,06 35,06 35,06 Compressor 500 29,04 29,04 29,04 29,04 1000 24,02 24,02 24,02 24,02 2000 17 17 17 17 50 49,04 49,04 49,04 49,04 100 43,02 43,02 43,02 43,02 250 35,06 35,06 35,06 35,06 Generator 500 29,04 29,04 29,04 29,04 1000 24,02 24,02 24,02 24,02 2000 17 17 17 17
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50 48,04 48,04 48,04 48,04 100 42,02 42,02 42,02 42,02 250 34,06 34,06 34,06 34,06 Welding Machine 500 28,04 28,04 28,04 28,04 1000 23,02 23,02 23,02 23,02 2000 16 16 16 16
Since the operating frequency range of the machines is 500 Hz – 4000 Hz, sound pressure level of each point is equal to its approx. noise level. Volume levels (L, dBA) that will occur accordingly in the area are accepted as given in Table I.C.9.
Atmospheric Adsorption in the areas is calculated with the following formula;
Aatm = 7.4 x 10-8 x f2 x r / Q
F: Frequency (500 – 1000 – 2000 – 4000 Hz) Q: Relative Humidity R: Radius (m) And the atmospheric adsorption according to the distances is presented in Table I.C.7.
Table I.C.9. Atmospheric Adsorption Values (Aatm) Frequency Distance (m) Atmospheric Frequency Distance (m) Atmospheric (Hz) Adsorption (Hz) Adsorption 50 0,01 50 0,21 100 0,03 100 0,42 250 0,07 250 1,06 500 Hz 2000 Hz 500 0,13 500 2,12 1000 0,26 1000 4,23 2000 0,53 2000 8,46 50 0,05 50 0,85 100 0,11 100 1,69 250 0,26 250 4,23 1000 Hz 4000 Hz 500 0,53 500 8,46 1000 1,06 1000 16,91 2000 2,11 2000 33,83
After reducing the atmospheric adsorption values, net sound level of each source of noise at 4 octave band was calculated according to Lday (dBA) = L - Aatm and presented in Table I.C.10.
Table I.C.10. Distribution of Sound Levels according to Distance
Sound Levels (dB) Noise Sources Distance 500 Hz 1000 Hz 2000 Hz 4000 Hz 50 57,03 56,99 56,83 56,19 100 50,99 50,91 50,6 49,33 250 42,99 42,8 42 38,83 Concrete Mixer 500 36,91 36,51 34,92 28,58 1000 30,76 29,96 26,79 14,11 2000 24,47 22,89 16,54 -8,83
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50 57,03 56,99 56,83 56,19 100 50,99 50,91 50,6 49,33 250 42,99 42,8 42 38,83 Truck 500 36,91 36,51 34,92 28,58 1000 30,76 29,96 26,79 14,11 2000 24,47 22,89 16,54 -8,83 50 57,03 56,99 56,83 56,19 100 50,99 50,91 50,6 49,33 250 42,99 42,8 42 38,83 Rock Crusher 500 36,91 36,51 34,92 28,58 1000 30,76 29,96 26,79 14,11 2000 24,47 22,89 16,54 -8,83 50 55,03 54,99 54,83 54,19 100 48,99 48,91 48,6 47,33 Diesel Engine Crawler 250 40,99 40,8 40 36,83 Bucket 500 34,91 34,51 32,92 26,58 1000 28,76 27,96 24,79 12,11 2000 22,47 20,89 14,54 -10,83 50 55,03 54,99 54,83 54,19 100 48,99 48,91 48,6 47,33 250 40,99 40,8 40 36,83 Diesel Engine Crawler Crane 500 34,91 34,51 32,92 26,58 1000 28,76 27,96 24,79 12,11 2000 22,47 20,89 14,54 -10,83 50 53,03 52,99 52,83 52,19 100 46,99 46,91 46,6 45,33 250 38,99 38,8 38 34,83 Loader 500 32,91 32,51 30,92 24,58 1000 26,76 25,96 22,79 10,11 2000 20,47 18,89 12,54 -12,83 50 53,03 52,99 52,83 52,19 100 46,99 46,91 46,6 45,33 250 38,99 38,8 38 34,83 Diesel Engine Damper 500 32,91 32,51 30,92 24,58 1000 26,76 25,96 22,79 10,11 2000 20,47 18,89 12,54 -12,83 50 53,03 52,99 52,83 52,19 100 46,99 46,91 46,6 45,33 250 38,99 38,8 38 34,83 Diesel Engine Excavator 500 32,91 32,51 30,92 24,58 1000 26,76 25,96 22,79 10,11 2000 20,47 18,89 12,54 -12,83 50 53,03 52,99 52,83 52,19 100 46,99 46,91 46,6 45,33 250 38,99 38,8 38 34,83 Bulldozer 500 32,91 32,51 30,92 24,58 1000 26,76 25,96 22,79 10,11 2000 20,47 18,89 12,54 -12,83 50 49,03 48,99 48,83 48,19 100 42,99 42,91 42,6 41,33 250 34,99 34,8 34 30,83 Compressor 500 28,91 28,51 26,92 20,58 1000 23,76 22,96 19,79 7,11 2000 16,47 14,89 8,54 -16,83
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50 49,03 48,99 48,83 48,19 100 42,99 42,91 42,6 41,33 250 34,99 34,8 34 30,83 Generator 500 28,91 28,51 26,92 20,58 1000 23,76 22,96 19,79 7,11 2000 16,47 14,89 8,54 -16,83 50 48,03 47,99 47,83 47,19 100 41,99 41,91 41,6 40,33 250 33,99 33,8 33 29,83 Welding Machine 500 27,91 27,51 25,92 19,58 1000 22,76 21,96 18,79 6,11 2000 15,47 13,89 7,54 -17,83
Noise values were calculated in terms of dBA by using the correction factors listed below.
Frequency Correction Factor Frequency Correction Factor 500 -3,6 2000 + 1,2 1000 0 4000 + 1,0
Total sound levels after adjusted with the correction factors were calculated by Li / 10 LPT = 10 Log 6 10 formula and are presented in Table I.C.11.
Table I.C.11. Distribution of Sound Levels according to Distance Sound Levels (dBA) Total Sound Noise Sources Distance 500 Hz 1000 Hz 2000 Hz 4000 Hz Level (Dba) 50 53,43 56,99 58,03 57,19 62,74 100 47,39 50,91 51,8 50,33 56,41 250 39,39 42,8 43,2 39,83 47,65 Concrete Mixer 500 33,31 36,51 36,12 29,58 40,65 1000 27,16 29,96 27,99 15,11 33,37 2000 20,87 22,89 17,74 -7,83 25,76 50 53,43 56,99 58,03 57,19 62,74 100 47,39 50,91 51,8 50,33 56,41 250 39,39 42,8 43,2 39,83 47,65 Truck 500 33,31 36,51 36,12 29,58 40,65 1000 27,16 29,96 27,99 15,11 33,37 2000 20,87 22,89 17,74 -7,83 25,76 50 53,43 56,99 58,03 57,19 62,74 100 47,39 50,91 51,8 50,33 56,41 250 39,39 42,8 43,2 39,83 47,65 Rock Crusher 500 33,31 36,51 36,12 29,58 40,65 1000 27,16 29,96 27,99 15,11 33,37 2000 20,87 22,89 17,74 -7,83 25,76 50 51,43 54,99 56,03 55,19 60,74 100 45,39 48,91 49,8 48,33 54,41 Diesel Engine Crawler 250 37,39 40,8 41,2 37,83 45,65 Bucket 500 31,31 34,51 34,12 27,58 38,65 1000 25,16 27,96 25,99 13,11 31,37 2000 18,87 20,89 15,74 -9,83 23,76
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50 51,43 54,99 56,03 55,19 60,74 100 45,39 48,91 49,8 48,33 54,41 Diesel Engine Crawler 250 37,39 40,8 41,2 37,83 45,65 Crane 500 31,31 34,51 34,12 27,58 38,65 1000 25,16 27,96 25,99 13,11 31,37 2000 18,87 20,89 15,74 -9,83 23,76 50 49,43 52,99 54,03 53,19 58,74 100 43,39 46,91 47,8 46,33 52,41 250 35,39 38,8 39,2 35,83 43,65 Loader 500 29,31 32,51 32,12 25,58 36,65 1000 23,16 25,96 23,99 11,11 29,37 2000 16,87 18,89 13,74 -11,83 21,76 50 49,43 52,99 54,03 53,19 58,74 100 43,39 46,91 47,8 46,33 52,41 250 35,39 38,8 39,2 35,83 43,65 Diesel Engine Damper 500 29,31 32,51 32,12 25,58 36,65 1000 23,16 25,96 23,99 11,11 29,37 2000 16,87 18,89 13,74 -11,83 21,76 50 49,43 52,99 54,03 53,19 58,74 100 43,39 46,91 47,8 46,33 52,41 Diesel Engine 250 35,39 38,8 39,2 35,83 43,65 Excavator 500 29,31 32,51 32,12 25,58 36,65 1000 23,16 25,96 23,99 11,11 29,37 2000 16,87 18,89 13,74 -11,83 21,76 50 49,43 52,99 54,03 53,19 58,74 100 43,39 46,91 47,8 46,33 52,41 250 35,39 38,8 39,2 35,83 43,65 Bulldozer 500 29,31 32,51 32,12 25,58 36,65 1000 23,16 25,96 23,99 11,11 29,37 2000 16,87 18,89 13,74 -11,83 21,76 50 45,43 48,99 50,03 49,19 54,74 100 39,39 42,91 43,8 42,33 48,41 250 31,39 34,8 35,2 31,83 39,65 Compressor 500 25,31 28,51 28,12 21,58 32,65 1000 20,16 22,96 20,99 8,11 26,37 2000 12,87 14,89 9,74 -15,83 17,76 50 45,43 48,99 50,03 49,19 54,74 100 39,39 42,91 43,8 42,33 48,41 250 31,39 34,8 35,2 31,83 39,65 Generator 500 25,31 28,51 28,12 21,58 32,65 1000 20,16 22,96 20,99 8,11 26,37 2000 12,87 14,89 9,74 -15,83 17,76 50 44,43 47,99 49,03 48,19 53,74 100 38,39 41,91 42,8 41,33 47,41 250 30,39 33,8 34,2 30,83 38,65 Welding Machine 500 24,31 27,51 27,12 20,58 31,65 1000 19,16 21,96 19,99 7,11 22,75 2000 11,87 13,89 8,74 -16,83 17,11
Equivalent noise levels are presented in Table I.C.12 calculation with (Lday = Leq) Leq = 10 LT(i) / 10 Log 6 10 formula.
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Table I.C.12 Distribution of Equivalent Noise Levels according to Distance Distance Lday (dBA) 50 79,06 100 72,73 250 63,97 500 56,97 1000 49,73 2000 42,09
Calculations performed considering all the heavy equipments will work synchronously and together. However, since all heavy equipments will not be working synchronously during the construction stage, calculated noise level will decrease even more. The closest settlements to the site are located Dereköy quarter at 1.8 km (HEPP), ncirli District at 450 m (Regulator I) and Kalkandere District at (Regulator II) distance. The nearest residences are approx. 250 m away. As a result of noise level calculation originated from the plant, the noise level that will occur 250 m away was calculated as
Lday = 63.97 dBA level. It is understood that the noise level after 2 km will occur below 42.09 dBA.
Since it is not technically possible to reduce the noise level of the machines more, practical and easy-to-use earflaps will be handed to protect the employee’s health. The noise that will occur in the project is not at a disturbing level. Additionally, the impact and the intensity of the noise are in relation with the existing environment and the distance of the noise source to the exposed receiver.
For this reason, taking the following issues into account; ∗ the heavy equipments operate outdoors, ∗ the construction noises are in certain time intervals and sometimes interrupted, ∗ the locations of the noise sources are not fixed but variable, ∗ the distance between the noise and the receiver, ∗ a portion of the noise is in the tunnel, ∗ due to the reason that site is wide - the intensity of the noise reduce when moved away from the source, it is seen that no considerable negative impact will be caused. In addition to that, the provisions of the “Regulation on Occupational Health and Safety” published in the Official Gazette dated 09 December 2003 and numbered 25311 and the “Regulation on the Assessment and Management of Environmental Noise” during construction site activities will be complied with.
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Comparison of values as a result of calculation to the Article 23 of ÇGYD (Assessment and Management of Environmental Noise) Regulation: The criteria regarding environmental noise level generating from the construction sites and noise prevention as per the Article 23 of the Regulation on Assessment and Management of Environmental Noise are indicated below:
1. Based on the assessment results as per the Article 17 of the ÇGYD Regulation depending on the activity types on site and time interval, construction site noise levels in terms of L day shall not exceed the limit values of Appendix VIII, Table 5 of the ÇGYD Regulation.
(Table-5: Environmental Noise Limit Values for Construction Site Area)
Type of Activity (construction, destruction and repair) Lday (dBA) Building 70 Road 75 Other sources 70
Perceivable Lday value in a building approx. 100 m away is 72.73 dBA. Lday value decreases below 70 dBA after 150 m. The closest settlements to the site are located in Dereköy quarter at 1.8 km (HEPP), ncirli District at 450 m (Regulator I) and Kalkandere District at 330 m (Regulator II) distance. The nearest residences are approx. 250 m away. Therefore, no negative impact is expected on surrounding settlements.
2. The impact noise LCmax occurring during construction site activities at approx. 100 m distance depending on the equipment utilized will not exceed 100 dBC. It was declared by company authorities that the impact noise LCmax occurring during construction site activities depending on the equipment utilized would not exceed 100 dBC.
3. It is not allowed to carry on the construction site activities that will be conducted in the residential areas and in the close surroundings in the evening and at night except daytime frame. All the construction site activities may be interrupted at the weekends or completely for a period of few months in line with the ordinances of the metropolitan municipality and/or province/district municipality in the holiday villages, touristic areas and similar areas. The activity residential areas are not in touristic areas or holiday villages. On the contrary, they are located in a region where industrial facilities are intensely established. For this reason, impact on surrounding settlements is not expected.
4. It was declared by the company authorities that the project owner will ensure that the information regarding the inception, completion dates and working periods of the construction and permits obtained from the metropolitan municipality and/or province/district municipality will be displayed on a plate that is easily visible for everybody at the construction site.
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• Operation Stage:
As per the Regulation on Assessment and Management of Environmental Noise the project owner undertakes that he will take all the measures for controlling and preventing the noise. Additionally, the provisions of the Article 22 and 25 of the Regulation will be applied.
The most important source of noise in the project during operation is the mechanical noise caused by the rotation of turbine shaft around the axis. In addition to that, noise will be generated in the penstock and water flow as the water will be hitting to the walls. Other sources of noise in the plant are the noises caused by the ventilation of power plant building. The noise levels of the equipment will range between 60 – 115 dBA at the noise source points. The noise level occurring at the source point will reduce inversely proportional to the distance.
The environmental impact of the noise occurring at the project site is expected to be at minimum level, since the turbines, generators, engines to be utilized on site will work indoors, on and off and due to the unit and topographical structure (rugged, maquis groves and wooded) in the environment. Consequently, the staff and environment will not be negatively affected during operation stage since the noise levels will be indoors and it will be worked continuously in those areas.
Vibration and sound absorbing material will be utilized in the power plant building to reduce the occurring noise level. The personnel working at the project site will work alternately and equipped with protective clothes - equipments in accordance with the “Regulation on Occupational Health and Safety” published in the Official Gazette dated 09 December 2003 and numbered 25311.
During the activities, the principles of the Regulation on Assessment and Management of Environmental Noise enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 07.03.2008 and numbered 26809 will be provided and the relevant provisions will be complied with. Moreover, the necessary environmental resonance and vibration measurements provided by the related Regulation will be carried out after commissioning and strategic daily noise map demonstrating the environmental noise levels along with the commissioning will be prepared.
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D. Accident Risks that may be caused by the Technology and Materials Used
Since the units and equipment placed on site will be operated in compliance with the existing laws, bylaws and regulations it is considered that undesirable impacts on the environment will not occur. The most suitable methods in terms of economy and environment will be chosen with respect to the technologies to be applied and the measures to be taken in the plant.
First-aid center will be established at the specified construction site with first-aid and treatment purposes and it will be operated during construction.
The requirements brought by the TSE and DS standards for similar plants will be based on for the units and operation processes to be performed in the project and when those standards are insufficient and inadequate, the international standards will be referred. Additionally, all the equipments in the plant will be equipped by grounding system and special clothes and equipment will be used for the electrical leakage and maintenances.
Trainings will be organized for the staff within periodical time intervals to raise awareness related technical safety.
In addition to that, - Warning and notice plates will be placed at the construction Site and at the Plant, - “Safety Handbook” will be prepared and handed to the personnel, - The procedures for work permits, occupational accidents, fire-fighting instructions, use of protective equipment etc. will be produced and put into practice.
All machinery and equipment will be selected as high quality against any kind of risk, the personnel will be trained and all groundings will be done. All the measures will be taken against fire, leakage and accidents. Against the possible occupational accidents; caution signs will be placed on site, the workers will be consistently warned, and clothing, earflaps, glasses and helmet will be handed to the workers. The entry of irrelevant and curious persons, who may create a risk, into the construction site will be prevented by both by danger warning and notice boards and physical barriers or by the assigned staff. Additionally, the first-aid materials necessary in case of an accident will be present and a vehicle will be available for the transportation of the patient to the hospital.
The necessary first-aid materials will be available for the emergency health services of the staff and the “Regulation on Control of Medical Wastes” enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 22.07.2005 and numbered 25883 for the management of medical wastes produced in such cases will be complied with.
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In order to ensure the safe work of the workers the provisions of the Labor Law numbered 4857, the “Bylaw on Worker’s Health and Safety” enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 11.01.1974 and numbered 14765 and the “Regulation on Occupational Health and Safety” enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 09.12.2003 and numbered 25311 will be complied with.
Risk Assessment and Emergency Action Plan will be prepared in the project based on the standards of Provincial Directorate of Civil Defence and the Ministry of Environment and Forestry and the international standards in order to minimize the damage in the emergencies that may arise in the sections that may pose significant accidental risk affecting the environment and society within the scope of the Project will be followed. In addition to this, coordination will also be provided with the Governorship of Rize, Provincial Directorate of Environment and Forestry, Provincial Directorate of Civil Defence and other institutions related to Emergency Cases during construction and operation stages.
The principal methods to be applied in the plant in emergency cases are as follows: 1. Man power and equipment required for intervention will be available. 2. All types of equipment and material required for intervention will be thoroughly complete. 3. Up-to-date material list will be kept and distributed to all intervention staff. 4. Warning systems will be installed to warn the plant staff and local community that may be affected in case of an accident and it will be tested from time to time. 5. The plant supervisor will define the nature of the danger in case of an accident and will inform immediately the person in charge of intervention and related authorities. 6. The plant supervisor will ensure the trainings of the persons in charge of intervention. 7. The plant supervisor will supply protective materials to the persons in charge of intervention and make them available all the time. 8. All kinds of first-aid and medical materials will be available in full.
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E. Measures to be taken Against the Possible Environmental Impacts of the Project
The plants that are planned to be constructed are regarded as one of the most safe plant types for the environment at the European and International Standards. As the plants are based on renewable resources, they are favoured and supported by the environmentalists in the whole World and in Europe while they are also called as green energy.
Any waste at solid, liquid or gas state in the plant due to operation is not expected. The potential energy of water is first converted into mechanical energy by treating the water through the turbines and the mechanical energy is converted into the electrical energy through generators afterwards. No chemicals or similar substances will be mixed into water in course of those processes and the electricity energy is generated from only water.
Detailed information regarding operation in the plant is presented in Section I.A. and detailed information regarding the wastes of the project is given in Section I.C. and since the obtained values are below the standard values, any negative impact of the plant on the environment is not expected.
Engineering and design works are still underway in the plant and the required technical safety measures are taken to prevent all the units causing any harm to the environment, nature and society. Maintenance and repair works will be performed regularly, the necessary trainings on technical safety, fire fighting, and environment, and operation issues will be organized for the staff for awareness-raising purposes.
The requirements brought by the TSE and DS standards for similar plants will be based on for the units and the operation processes in the project and when those standards are insufficient and inadequate the international standards will be utilized.
All the equipments in the plant will be equipped by grounding system and special clothes and equipments will be utilized for the electrical leakage and maintenances.
Additionally, the procedures of work permits, occupational accidents, fire fighting instructions, protective equipment used etc. will be produced and put into practice and warning and notice plates will be placed where appropriate.
All machinery and equipment will be selected as high quality against any kind of risk, the personnel will be trained and all groundings will be done. All the measures will be taken against fire, leakage and accidents.
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During the construction and operation stages of the project the provisions of the following legislations shall be followed;
- “Bylaw on Occupational Health and Safety for Construction Works” - “Regulation on Occupational Health and Safety”
The required permits will be obtained from the Provincial Agricultural Directorate of Rize in accordance with the Soil Protection and Land Use Act No. 5403 (Article 13, subparagraph d) prior to the construction works of the project. Additionally, activities shall not be started unless the required permits are obtained from the Regional Directorate of Forestry.
Any problem regarding the land property aspects will not be faced through the realization of the project; purchasing, leasing or expropriation will be carried out where necessary.
Any negative impact on the surrounding facilities, residential areas and roads caused by the activities of the project will not be expected and the possible damages will be settled in cooperation with the related authorities.
The Environmental Law of 2872, which is amended by the Law dated 26.04.2006 and numbered 5491 and all the provisions of the legislation issued based on this law will be complied with.
The Status of the Worksites The natural construction material required during the construction works will be supplied from material obtained from the tunnel excavation. The topographic and geologic structure of the material sites do not have the structural characteristics of what is called as unique formation. There are not any structures on those sites carrying historical and cultural importance. For this reason, no negative impacts are expected on natural topography and the flora.
Where the Excess Material after Excavation and Backfill Operations will be Stored and For What Purposes will it be Used After construction, the excess material will be used for the soil and road arrangements around the units and the municipality will collect the remaining materials based on the agreement concluded with Of Municipality (Appendix 9).
Operations such as Crushing, Grinding, Transportation and Excavation that will cause the Dust Spreading during the Construction It is understood that the limit values will not be exceeded as a result of the dust calculations.
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Lodging the Temporary Personnel During the construction, temporary construction site facilities will be installed in the plant and near to the location where the body of Regulator I will be constructed, and those construction site facilities will be demounted following the completion of the construction and the land will be restored.
Health Measures during Construction Necessary health units will be established in the construction site areas during the construction stage that comply with the issues set out in the laws, bylaws and regulations, and a doctor and a nurse will be assigned and required medical materials will be available in those units. A vehicle will be permanently present on site for emergency cases.
Project Activities at the Operation Stage, their Impacts on the Physical and Biological Environment and the Measures to be taken The staff will only carry out the tasks of controlling and protecting as water will be used as raw material during the operation stage. The locals may use surroundings of the regulator location as picnic area following the water retention in the regulator.
There will be no change in the quality of yidere Creek due to the project. The water will be discharged after it is treated through the turbines, for this reason, there will be no changes in the downstream conditions. For the sustainment of the nature, sufficient amount of water will be discharged into the riverbed at the operation stage in line with the views of Provincial Directorate of Environment and Forestry. Domestic wastewaters will be collected in the cesspool as waste material and it will be cleaned by a sewage truck of the Municipality, to be disposed of.
Impacts of the Project on Socio-Economic Environment The agriculture in Kalkandere District is mostly based on tea cultivation. Alongside tea cultivation the community is engaged in agriculture of corn, vegetables, fruits and hazelnut in the least to meet their own needs. Beekeeping is pretty advanced in the district. Animal husbandry is also carried out in the district. The activity at the project site will not have an important impact on agriculture and animal husbandry. The income of the most of the people in Kalkandere district, where the project will be realized, depends on tea cultivation and honey from beekeeping. The income from cultivation of other agricultural products and animal husbandry is extremely low. In the state-operated forestlands the income is only from the employment for logging and planting trees. Apart from this the most important source of income in the region is working as guest worker. Since the manufacturing industries are not developed in the neighbourhood, unemployment poses an important problem and the young population generally immigrates to the neighbouring cities. When the construction of the facilities start, the locals will have the opportunity to work in the construction and the unemployment in the region will be decreased even it is for a temporary period. The possibility of employing certain number of personnel in the plant will be derived by the start-up of the project.
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SECTION II. PROJECT LOCATION A. Current Land Use and its Quality (Agricultural Fields, Forest Areas, Planned Areas, Water Surface etc.)
One regulator for each yidere Creek and its branch Karadere, passing through the Kalkandere District in Rize Province in the Eastern Black Sea Region, will be constructed between the elevations of 50 m and 102 m. One underground energy tunnel from each regulator will be built and those will meet between Tatl su quarter and yidere and will be transmitted to ncirli HEPP built on the right shore of yidere in one single energy tunnel. Annually 25.5 MW electricity generation is planned in the power plant based on (3) vertical Francis turbines with 8.5 MW power each. Annual average overall energy generation will be 109,12 GWh.
Pursuant to the general characteristic structure of the Eastern Black Sea Basin, yidere Basin has a highland and rugged structure as well. Topography rises just behind the shore plain and sharp and close ridges, sheer sloped valleys up to 2,000 m create the characteristic topographic view of this site. On the areas between approx. 2,000 m and 3,000 m elevations, topography includes low ridges and steep valleys. The areas above 3,000 m elevation includes the most steep and defective parts of the land. Those areas are completely bare and rocky.
The operation area is composed of highland and rugged areas. There are no plains and flat terrains in line with the general structure of this area of the Eastern Black Sea Region.
Rize has a very rich hydrographical structure due to its rainy climate and a large number of underground water resources. The rivers of Rize are short, fast flowing waters having high horizontal slope. The essential outstanding features of Rize rivers, which seemed to have rather regular flow regimes compared to the other rivers of Turkey, are their electric energy potentials and sediment amounts. Rize rivers, transporting pretty low sediment compared to the other rivers of Turkey, supply suitable conditions in terms of annual electricity energy potential.
The major water source of the project site is yidere and its branch Karadere creeks. y i d e r e Creek is originated from Kemer and Orsor mountains. Its important branches are; Anzer stream, Meles stream, Bal kl stream and Cimil stream. The rivers of the province are with high slopes and thus fast flowing. The flow regimes of the rivers are rather regular.
The region has steep and rugged land structure. There are agricultural areas around the site from place to place. The land structure and climate features of the district considerably affect the agricultural production efficiency. Notwithstanding that production depends substantially on the natural conditions, the opportunities of the modern technology are also utilized.
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The areas suitable for agriculture are very few since the project site has rather a rugged structure. Since the areas suitable for agriculture are scarce, thus everyone cultivate its own soil. In general, vegetable cultivation is in the form of family farming. Farming with equipment cannot be performed due to the ruggedness of the land and scarcity of the bottomlands and the soil is cultivated by manpower. A large proportion of the cultivated lands are used for tea cultivations. Corn, bean and potato are planted alongside tea. Kiwi plantation started in the recent years. Vegetable production is rather to meet the family demand.
Animal husbandry other than agriculture is performed in the certain regions but it is not possible to mention about a developed animal husbandry. People living on the seashore are engaged in sea fishery. Moreover, land and sea farm fishing is carried out as well.
Alongside fishery, beekeeping is developed in the region since most of the district is rich in plants and trees and there are various and many flowers.
Due to the topographic and geologic structure of the basin, a considerable use of water is not expected in the future. For this reason, the calculated flow values for the project and the energy generation based on those flow values are thought to continue in the same way in the following years.
Turbines converting the potential energy of water into mechanical energy will rotate the generators and the generators will convert the mechanical energy into the electrical energy. Chemicals by no means will be injected into water in course of those processes and the processed water will be discharged again into the riverbed.
Before starting with the construction works in the project, required permits will be obtained from Regional Directorate of Forestry, Provincial Directorate of Agriculture and General Directorate of DS and moreover the provisions of the Regulation on Control of Water Pollution, and the Regulation on Fisheries numbered 1380 and the provisions of other legislations will be complied with at the construction and operation stages.
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B. Considering the List of Sensitive Regions in Appendix-V; the Wetland Areas, Coastal Areas, Mountainsides and Forests, Agricultural Areas, National Parks, Specially Protected Areas, Densely Populated Areas, Historical, Cultural, Archaeological etc. Areas, Erosion Areas, Landslip Areas, Afforested Areas, Potential Erosion and Afforested Areas as well as Aquifers that should be Protected in accordance with the Groundwater Law No. 167
The province of Rize, full of historical treasures and cultural elements from various civilizations, is interesting both in terms of historical and cultural aspects. Rize has made considerable contributions to Turkish cultural life, both during the Seljuk and Ottoman periods and as well in the Republican period.
Thermal and Geothermal Water Resources There are no thermal or geothermal water resource in the regulator pond site and in the areas that the facilities will be built.
Protection Zones Kaçkar Mountains National Park is in the region that activity area is located (It was declared as National Park on 31.08.1994 to protect the diversity of flora and fauna, due to its 51,550 ha geologic and geomorphologic structure). A great proportion of Kaçkar Mountains covering an area of 51,550 ha is within the territory of Rize province Çaml hem in district and the other part in Artvin province Yusufeli district. The Rize Çaml hem in Kaçkar Wildlife Development Zone is located approx. at 40 km beeline distance to the site and it is considered that it will not to be affected by the prospective project. Apart from that there are no other Natural Parks, Nature Protection Zones, Protected Areas, Specially Protected Environment Areas, Cultural and Natural Assets and Biogenetic Reserve Areas, Biosphere Reserves and registered areas having pastureland qualifications.
Forestry A large proportion of the drainage area is located in the forestland. Broad-leaved mountainside trees and brushwood are observed in the shoreline of the Eastern Black Sea Region covering the project site whereas in the section between the mountainside and plateaus mixed and needle-leaved flora is observed. Fagus, chestnut, hornbeam, spruce and pine trees cover the forestland surrounding the project site. After approx. 2,000 m elevations the forest leave their places to meadows and bushes. The required permissions will be obtained from the Regional Directorate of Forestry before starting with the construction works and the authorities of Rize Provincial Directorate of Environment and Forestry will be informed about that issue.
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Climate
The dominant climate in the project rainfall area is the Black Sea climate. This climate type, displays the characteristics of a moderate climate. Rather orographic rainfalls are observed in the region due to the Black Sea Mountains. Rainfall is observed almost in every season for this type of climate and the summers are hot and rainy and winters are rainy and moderate. Snowfall with the rainfall is observed on the high elevations of the rainfall area and the temperature is cooler in the inland areas compared to the shores.
Temperature, Rainfall and Evaporation
In the Eastern Black Sea Basin where the project site and project are located, the temperature decreases towards the higher elevations. Temperature measurements are made at Kalkandere and kizdere meteorological stations located in yidere rainfall area. The average temperature at Kalkandere meteorological station, which is near to the project site, is around 12 0C.
The amount of rainfall changes escalating to the higher parts of the yidere basin from the Black Sea shore and in the upstream parts the rainfalls decrease although the elevations increase. According to the rainfall values measures at Kalkandere meteorology station, the annual average rainfall is 2054.4 mm and according to the rainfall values measures at kizdere meteorology station, the annual average rainfall is 1070.0 mm. In the yidere basin, 21% of the annual average rainfall occurs in spring, 23% in summer, 31% in autumn and 25% in winter months. There is no station in the project rainfall area observing the evaporation. The evaporation is pretty low in the rainfall area since there is pretty much rainfall. Since ncirli regulator is not a storage plant, no loss due to evaporation in the regulator pond is in question.
Hydrological Characteristics In the rural settlements around the project area, drinking and potable waters are provided mostly from springs. There is no demand for ground waters due to the small amount of agricultural irrigation in the Black Sea region since there is rainfall in every season.
Population There are 2 municipalities and 20 villages in the district. According to the results of 2000 population census, the total population of Rize province is 19,131 persons and the population growth rate is 7.27% in urban areas and 29.16% in the rural.
General Geology Site survey and technical geologic and geotechnical studies in the project were conducted by KENT Jeolojik Jeoteknik Zemin Etu dler Maden ve Su Sondaj n . Nak. Turz. Tic. Ltd. ti. (KENT Geologic, Geotechnical Ground Studies Mining and Water Drilling Construction Transportation Tourism Trade Ltd. Co.)
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Project site and surrounding are located in the eastern part of Pontides tectonic units. The region called Pontides is divided into two zones along Niksar- s p i r -Ardanuç line as north and south due to the differences in their lithostratigrapical characteristics. In the north zone, where the relief is rather stiff, Lias deposits transgressively lie on the Paleozoic aged old granitoidic-metamorphic base. Regarding the Eastern Pontides in the Northern Zone at the project site, volcanic, volcano-sedimentary and intrusive rocks are widespread with the active magmatism influence, started with Lias and kept on developing in period until the Late Eocene and sedimentary sequences were deposited in the periods without volcanic influence. In the Southern Zone of Pontides staying out of magmatism influence area, sedimentary basin deposits are dominant and a softer topography was developed.
In this zone, the NE-SW trending trusts and thrusting structures composed of strike- slip faults, and different stratigraphic sequences are on top of each other and side by side. At the project site that is shown in 1/25 000 scaled Trabzon G44-b2 numbered map section, the geology works [A k a l e - spir Aras n n Jeolojisi (Geology of the areas between A kale and spir), AKDEN Z N. 1994-Ankara; Rize li’nin Çevre Jeolojisi (Environmental Geology of Rize Province) YILMAZ B. S. 1998-Ankara] of General Directorate of MTA (Mineral Research and Exploration) Geological Research Department were used to determine the lithological characteristics, contact relationships and geological structures of the rock units.
Stratigraphy Regarding the Eastern Pontides in the Northern Zone at the project site and surroundings, volcanic, volcano-sedimentary and intrusive rocks are widespread as a result of the active magmatism influence, started with Lias and kept on developing in period until the Late Eocene and sedimentary sequences were deposited in the periods without volcanic influence. Based on the geology studies of the General Directorate of MTA, following the field observations carried out in place, 1/25,000 scaled Geology Map of the project site and the close surroundings is enclosed in Appendix 8 and 1/5,000 scaled n c i rli Project’s Engineering Geology Map is given in Appendix 8.
Detailed information regarding the geologic formations of the project site is given below.
Mesozoic: It is represented with Mesozoic, Liassic, Upper-Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous and Upper Cretaceous aged units at the project site and surroundings. It includes; volcanic, volcano-sedimentary rock units in Lias; in the region formed by neritic carbonates in Upper-Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous interval, the rock units developed under different ambient conditions in northern and southern zones of Upper Cretaceous era. In the Upper-Cretaceous, thick and continuous volcanic, volcano-sedimentary sequences developed in the northern zone under the influence of intense magmatic activity whereas fylsch characterized sedimentary sequences deposited on the carbonate platform in the southern zone under less influence of magmatism.
The Hamurkesen Formation (Jh): In the vulcanites that are usually composed of grayish- purple colored basalt-andesite lava and pyroclasts, there are siltstone and sandstone intercalations in patches.
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Lower and upper contact relationships cannot be observed since they are interrupted by unit granitoids. The Hamurkesen Formation, which is located under the Upper-Jurassic- Lower Cretaceous aged neritic limestones (the Berdiga Formation) throughout the Eastern Pontides, is assumed to be Lias aged.
The Berdiga Formation (JKb): Outside the project area, the nertic carbonates outcropping between the volcanic rocks in the west of Demirkap Mountains and southwest of kizdere District and the granitoids are matched with the Berdiga Formation in the Berdiga Mountains (the south of Alucra) by Pelin (1977).
The formation is composed of light gray colored neritic limestone and sandy limestone. Although it is very similar to the Berdiga Formation in the Berdiga Mountains, it was transformed by the contact metamorphism influence. The age of the unit is accepted as Upper-Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous since it is located on the base of Turonian-Santonian Catak Formation.
The Catak Formation (Kc): It was named as Catak Formation by Güven (1993) since the basic characterized volcano-sedimentary sequences overlying compatibly on the neritic limestones (Berdiga Fm.) are typically observed near Catak village in the south of Macka. The Çatak Formation having basic lava volcano-sedimentary sequences characteristic formed by aggradation of basalt, andesite, lava and pyroclasts, and sandstone, siltstone, marl, shale and red-burgundy colored clayed limestone layers and levels; is outcropped around Çay rl , A açseven, Hurmal k, Ba köy at the project site. In general, volcanic levels of gray-green colored unit composed of lava, tuff and breccia are dark gray, blackish in patches and brown in dissociated parts. Sedimentary rock gravels and blocks are observed in patches within the breccia and agglomerates. Grayish colored sandstone, marl and shales are regular thin layerings. In some parts red-burgundy colored micrites and recrystallized limestones are common.
The Çatak Formation, which is covered compatibly by the K z lkaya Formation composed of acidic characterized lavas, deposited on the carbonate platform fragmentized and become active depending on the tectonic movements. The micro fossils discovered on mudstone and magma layers in the Çatak Formation whose thickness ranges between 750-1000 m indicate that it was sedimented in the Turonian-Santonian interval.
The K z lkaya Formation (Kk): The acidic characterized lava and pyroclasts overlying on the Çatak Formation are called as the K z lkaya Formation by Güven (1993). The unit, whose typical outcroppings are observed in K z lkaya location in the south of Espiye and which is lying between Artvin-Giresun, outcrops in the Arde en-Tunca, Çaml hem in- Topluca neighbourhoods in a narrow band in the north of Ba köy, Hurmanl k at the project site. T h e K z l kaya Formation is mostly composed of rhyodacitic, daitic lava and
69 LASKAR A. . n c i r l i HEPP Project Information File pyroclasts. The lava overlying compatibly on the Çatak Formation is in general with yellowish disintegration, gray, white, purplish colored and prismatic column structured. The age of it is accepted as Santonian-Campanian.
The Ca layan Formation (Kça): Volcano-sedimentary sequences formed by the intercalation of second-stage basic characterized volcanic, volcanoclastic sedimentary rocks, are named as the Ça layan Formation by Güven (1993). The unit that outcrops in the wide areas around Hoyrat, F nd kl , Yoku lu, Güne li, Ye ilköy between Kalkandere- the Black Sea at the project site lies compatibly on the K z lkaya Formation.
The dominant rock type in the formation including a volcano-sedimentary sequence is basalt-andesite lava and pyroclasts, and there are sandstone, marl and red-burgundy colored clayed limestone in the intermediate levels. Generally, greenish gray, purplish gray colored lavas are local, hard, faulted and crackled. In the porific textured lavas under the microscope, the phenocrysts and plagioclase microlites demonstrating a zoned structure stand out by a pulp composed of plentiful chlorite and opaque minerals. Gas cavities are usually filled with calcite, chlorite and zeolites. There are red limestone and clayed limestones beside lava fragments in well-bedded tuff and breccia. Most of the sandstones within the sequence have volcanic elements. The Ça layan Formation ranging of about 400 m thick was deposited in the deep environment influenced by the volcanism.
In the north of the project site, the Ça layan Formation between Hayrat-F n d k l is covered by angular incompatibly by the Eocene aged Kabaköy Formation and compatibly by the Bak rköy Formation (Maastrichtian). However, in the 1998 dated 1/100000 scaled MTA geology maps and in “Rize Province Environmental Geology, MTA, 1998 ANKARA” report’s geology map, the contact relationship between the Ça layan Formation and Kabaköy and Bak rköy Formations are demonstrated as reverse faulted. Based on the microfossils included in the limestones of the sequence, the age of the Ça layan Formation is indicated as Santonian-Campanian.
The Çay rba Formation (Kçb): The Second-stage acidic lava and pyroclasts overlying compatibly on the basic characterized volcano-sedimentary sequence (the Ça layan Formation), is named as the Çay rba Formation by Güven (1993). It is composed of yellowish disintegration surfaced, greenish gray, pinkish, purplish colored local coarse quartz and disintegrated rhyolite, rhyodacit, dacit and their pyroclasts. Its age was accepted as Campanian-Maasterichtian.
The Bak rköy Formation (KTb): Tubidic facies sediments overlying volcanic and volcano- sedimentary deposits in the region covering the project site are called as the Bak rköy Formation due to their typical crop outs in Bak rköy (Artvin) neighborhood. The formation that is generally composed of intercalation of clayed, sand limestone, marl, shale and a trace of sandstone, have lateral pass in the east direction with limestone and reef limestones. Age of the Bak rköy Formation overlaid incompatibly by Eocene aged Kabaköy Formation is indicated as Maastrichtian.
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The Kaçkar Granitoides (Kk1, Tk2): Kaçkar Mountains are most intensely outcropped areas where large and small granitoide masses outcrop within a wide band approx. 500 km NE-SW trending from Kaçkar Mountains located in the south of the Eastern Black Sea Region to Canik Mountains on the west. The intrusive complex changing in a wide range from granite to gabbro placed in the Upper-Cretaceous aged units and Eocene aged units with the regeneration afterwards, is observed in the wide areas in the south of the line unifying the Güneyce, Cevizlik, Cuma, Güdere villages at the project site. Granitoides are generally greenish-gray and in patches pinkish colored and very faulted, crackled, grainy and porphiric textured. They may be classified as; granite, granodiorite, microgranite, quartz porphire, diorite with quartz and diorites according to their mineral compositions and textures.
Cenozoic The Kabaköy Formation (Tk): The sequence starting generally with the clastic deposits and ending with the volcano-sedimentary levels on the top section at the project site and surrounding, is named as “the Kabaköy Formation” by Güven (1993). The unit demonstrating type section around Kabaköy (Gümü hane) outcrops in So anl Mountain, Polut Mountain and around Konakönü (Arakl ) in the south of the region, in the south east of Kalkandere at the project site. It is a volcano-sedimentary sequence composed of andesite-basalt lavas and their pyroclasts that are massive thick-bedded having sandstone, sand limestone and marl intermediate layers and with abundant augite and hornblend. Generally at the bottom of dark colored, there are; yellowish colored sandstone with abundant fossils, sand limestone, magma layers having guide level qualification. It is Lower-Middle Eocene aged.
Quaternary Terrace Set (Qt) – Alluvium (Qal) – Talus (Qym): The terrace set formations are not very widespread and are deposited in the small topographic concavities in the lower sections of yidere Valley. The alluvial sedimentation observed in the large riverbeds and plains near the sea are composed of less round, round block pebbles and sands in various sizes belonging to magmatic and volcanic rocks. The thicknesses of bad-sorted alluvium formations increase towards the sea from the high altitudes. The taluses are current formations composed of mostly angular, very angular big stones, block and coarse pebbles in various sizes belonging to magmatic and volcanic rocks. The stratigraphic column section of the project site and surrounding is presented in Figure II.B.1.
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Figure II.B.1. Stratigraphic Column Section of the Project Site and Surroundings
Underground Investigations 23 investigation boreholes were drilled in the investigation field whose depths are ranging between 12 m and 130 m and 1037 m progress was made in total. The borehole wells were drilled with rotary type drilling machines and 100% cores were tried to be taken during the progress.
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Additionally 2 research pits were opened. The list of the boreholes in the project is presented in Figure II.B.2.
BOREHOLE NO DEPTH (m) LOCATION
SK-1 20 ncirli I Regulator Location SK-2 20 ncirli I Regulator Location SK-3 20,50 ncirli I Regulator Location SK-4 30 ncirli I Regulator Location SK-5 25 ncirli I Regulator Location SK-6 15 ncirli I Regulator Location SK-7 15 ncirli I Regulator Location SK-9 30 ncirli I Regulator Location SK-10 60 ncirli I Transmission Tunnel SK-11 80 ncirli I Transmission Tunnel SK-12 110 ncirli I Transmission Tunnel SK-13 80 ncirli I Transmission Tunnel SK-14 90 ncirli I Transmission Tunnel SK-15 60 ncirli I Transmission Tunnel SK-16 50 ncirli I Transmission Tunnel SK-17 40 Power Plant Location SK-18 22 Power Plant Location SK-19 130 ncirli II Transmission Tunnel SK-20 50 ncirli II Transmission Tunnel SK-21 20 ncirli II Regulator Location SK-23 26 Approach Tunnel SK-24 31,50 ncirli I Transmission Tunnel SK-25 12 ncirli I Regulator Location TOTAL 1037
Figure II.B.2. List of Drilled Boreholes in the Project
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Structural Geology The Pontides is one of the main tectonic units of Anatolia. They start from the West Ist rancas, pass from the south of the Greater Caucasus following the south shores of the Black Sea and continue until the Turan Platform in the east of the Caspian Sea. Pontide autochthonous constituting the northern zone of Pontide tectonic units is a part of tectonic belt.
Upper-Paleozoic aged base of the Pontide autochthonous composed of magmatic- metamorphic rocks was folded by deformation during Caledonian. Intrusion of intrusive rocks and metamorphism occurred at this stage as well. Cimmerician deformations cannot be noticed since there is no data in the region documenting the existence of Trias. Mesozoic aged volcano-sedimentary sequence starting with the Lias deposits arrived on to the old base from unconformity and transgrassively are continuous until Lower-Tertiary.
The Ça layan Formation (Upper Cretaceous-Paleozoic) was thrusted on to the Kabaköy Formation (Eocene) by NE-SW trending reverse fault in the north of Hoyrat- F nd kl line at the project site. In the southern zone of the Eastern Pontides, thrusting structures composed of NW-SE trending thrusts and strike-slip faults brought different stratigraphy sequences on top of each other or side-by-side.
Seismicity The map demonstrating Turkey’s earthquake zones prepared by the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Public Works and Settlement, General Directorate of Disaster Affairs, Earthquake Research Department is presented in Figure II.B.3.
According to Earthquake Research Department’s records 86 earthquakes occurred in Rize Province between the years 1881 – 1986. The number of earthquakes, whose magnitude is higher than 5.0, is 30. The earthquake risk of the investigation area respectively (in %): earthquake probability with a magnitude of 5.0 is 98.5% in 49 years, 100% in 97 years; earthquake probability with a magnitude of 6.0 is 81.1% in 49 years, 96,3% in 97 years; earthquake probability with a magnitude of 7.0 is 48.1% in 49 years and 72.7% in 97 years. According to the Map of Earthquake Zones in Turkey of the Earthquake Research Department, investigation area and its surroundings are located in the 4th degree earthquake zone (Figure II.B.4.)
Construction of the project will be conducted in accordance with the provisions of the Regulation on Buildings to be Constructed in Natural Disaster Areas enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 02.09.1997 and numbered 23098 and all the measures will be taken against earthquake possibility.
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Figure II.B.3. Map of Earthquake Zones in Turkey
Figure II.B.4. Earthquake Zone Map of Project Site and its Surroundings
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FLORA AND FAUNA
FLORA The Mediterranean countries including Turkey have 3 main climate groups; “Mediterranean – Continental - Oceanic”. Rize Province, where the project site is located, is under the influence of Oceanic climate group, influencing the Northern Anatolian Region, extending from Bulgaria in the west to Russia in the east. Correspondingly, the Black Sea Region is a region receiving regular and heavy rain throughout the whole year. Considering those climate characteristics, the observations on the geographical status and the area, it can be stated that the activity area and surrounding is located in the European- Siberian phytogeographical region and in A8 Square according to the Grid Square method. When the floristic structure of the activity area is assessed, the area and its surroundings are composed of forests and agricultural areas in some places.
Kaçkar Mountains National Park is in the region where the activity area is located. (It was declared as National Park on 31.08.1994 to protect the diversity of flora and fauna, due to its 51,550 ha geologic and geomorphologic structure). A large proportion of Kaçkar Mountains covering an area of 51,550 ha is within the territory of Rize province Çaml hem in district and the other part in Artvin province Yusufeli district. The Rize Çaml hem in Kaçkar Wildlife Development Zone is located approx. at 40 km beeline distance to the site and it is considered that it will not to be affected by the prospective project. Apart from that there are no Natural Parks, Nature Protection Zones, Protected Areas, Specially Protected Environment Areas, Cultural and Natural Assets, Biogenetic Reserve Areas and Biosphere Reserves under protection and registered areas having pastureland qualifications.
In addition to the flora species observed at the project site, the species registered in the literature for the project site and its surroundings, and having high probability of presence due to biotope characteristics of the project site are included, while preparing the fauna and flora list of the activity area and its surroundings. And the following works are referred; “Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands” by DAVIS, “Türkiye Bitkileri K r m z Kitab – 2000 (Red Book of Plants in Turkey – 2000)” by Prof. Tuna EK M et al., “Türkçe Bitki Adlar Sözlü ü (Turkish Dictionary of Plant Names)” by Prof. Turhan BAYTOP, “Çevresel Etki De erlendirme-2002 (Environmental Impact Assessment – 2002)” by Prof. Nuri Y T, Prof. Osman KETENO LU et al., “Genel ve Türkiye Zooco rafyas (General and Turkey’s Zoogeography)”, “Omurgal lar/Amniyota (Vertebrates/Amniote)”, “Memeliler (Mammals)” by Prof. Ali DEM RSOY, “Türkiye Omurgal lar Tür Listesi (Turkey’s Vertebrates Species List)” published within the context of Turkey’s Fauna Database Project supported by TÜB TAK and DPT (State Planning Organization) and “Türkiye’nin Ku lar (Turkey’s Birds)” by Prof. lhami K Z RO LU. Flora species thought to be present at the project site and its surroundings based on the field and literature studies are presented in Table II.B.1.
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Table II.B.1. Flora List of the Activity Area and its Surroundings SPECIES NAME IN TURKISH HABITAT O ENDEMISM IUCN BERN ABUNDANCE FAM:ACERACEAE Acer platanoides Çinar yaprakl akça aç (Norway 1,2 3 - LR(lc) - maple) Acer cappadocicum Do u Karadeniz akçaa ac * 1,2 3 - LR(lc) - (Cappadocian maple*) Acer trautvetteri Kay n gövdeli Akçaa aç (Red-bud 1,2 3 - LR(lc) - maple) FAM: APIACEAE Heracleum platytaenium Ö rek Otu (Nettle) 3 2 Endemic LR(lc) - FAM: ASTERACEAE Jurinea alpigena - 3 2 Endemic LR(lc) - FAM:CARYOPHYLLACEAE Dianthus carmelitarum - 3 2 Endemic LR(lc) - FAM:CISTACEAE Cistus ciretutus Tüylü Laden (Cretan 1,2 2 - LR(lc) - rock rose) Cistus salviifollus Adaçay yaprakl laden (Sageleaf 1,2 2 - LR(lc) - rock rose) FAM: COMPOSITAE Artemisa spicigera Yav an otu (Germander speedwell) 3 3 - LR(lc) - Ach llea biebersteini Civanperçemi (Milfoil) 7 2 - LR(lc) - Anthemis tictoria Papatya* (Daisy*) 3,4,5 3 - LR(lc) - Carduus nutans Deve dikeni (Thistle) 3 3 - LR(lc) - Centaurea cyanus Gökba otu (Cornflower) 3 3 - LR(lc) - Senecio vernalis Kanarya otu (Ragwort) 3 3 - LR(lc) - Tragopogon longristris Tekesakal (Goatsbeard) 4 3 - LR(lc) - Xanthium spinosum P trak (Cocklebur) 3,4 3 - LR(lc) - Xeranyhemum annuum Da karanfili (Pink) 3,8 3 - LR(lc) - FAM:CORYLACEAE Carpinus orientalis Do u gürgeni (Oriental Hornbeam) 1,2 3 - LR(lc) - Carpinus betulus Adi gürgen* (European Hornbeam*) 1,2 3 - LR(lc) - Corylus avellana Adi f nd k* (Hazel*) 2,3 5 - LR(lc) - FAM:CUPRASSACEAE Juniperus Katran ard c (Juniper) 1,2,3 3 - LR(lc) - oxysedrus.subsp.oxysedrus FAM:EBENACEAE Diospyros lotus Küçük Meyveli Trabzon hurmas * 1,2 3 - LR(lc) - (Caucasian Persimmon*) (or Date-plum) Arbutus andrachne Hartlap (Sandal) (Greek Strawberry 1 3 - LR(lc) - Tree) Arbutus unedo Kocayemi (Cane Apple*) 1 3 - LR(lc) - Erica arborea Süpürge otu* (Tree heath*) 5 3 - LR(lc) - FAM:ERICACEAE LR(lc) - Rhododendron smirnovii Pembe çiçekli orman gülü (Pink 1 3 - LR(lc) - flowered forest rose) Vaccinium arctostaphylos Trabzon çay (Trabzon tea plant) 1,2 2 - LR(lc) APPEN DIX-I Rhododendron ponticum Mor çiçekli orman gülü 1 3 - LR(lc) - (Rhododendron) Vaccinium myrtillus Çoban üzümü (Blueberry) 1,2 3 - LR(lc) - FAM:FAGACEAE 3 Castanea sativa Anadolu kestanesi (Marron) 1,2 3 - LR(lc) - Fagus orientalis Do u kay n * (Oriental Beech*) 1 3 - LR(lc) - Subsp. Syspirensis Ispir Me esi* (Caucasian Oak*) 1,2 3 - LR(lc) - Subsp. iberica Saps z me e (Sessile Oak) 1,2 3 - LR(lc) - FAM: GRAM NAEA Elymus repens Ayr k otu (Couch grass) 3,4 5 - LR(lc) - Phragmites australis Kam (Reed) 6 3 - LR(lc) - FAM:GROSSULARIACEAE Ribes biebersteinii Frenk üzümü (Currant) 1,2,3 3 - LR(lc) - FAM:LEGUMINOSAE Astragalus microcephalus Geven (Tragacanth) 3,4 3 - LR(lc) - FAM:ORCHIDACEAE
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Epipactis pontica - 2 Endemic LR(lc) - FAM:PINACEAE Abies nordmanniana ssp. D. Karadeniz göknar * 1 3 - LR(lc) - nordmanniana (Nordmann fir*) Picea orientalis Do u ladini (Oriental 1 3 - LR(lc) - spruce) Pinus sylvestris Sar çam* (Scots pine*) 1 4 - LR(lc) - FAM:PLATANACEAE Platanus orientalis Do u ç nar (Oriental plane) 1 4 - LR(lc) - FAM: RHAMNACEAE Paliurus spinachristi Karaçal (Blackthorn) 2,3 3 - LR(lc) - FAM:ROSACEAE Rosa villosa Tüylü Yabani gül* (Apple 2,3 3 - LR(lc) - rose*) Rosa montana Da Yabani gülü* 2,3 3 - LR(lc) - (Mountain wild rose*) FAM:Rubiaceae Galium fissurense - 2,3 2 Endemic LR(lc) - Sorbus aucuparia Ku Üvezi (Rowan) 2,3 4 - LR(lc) - FAM:SALICACEAE Populus tremula Titrek kavak (Aspen*) 5,6 3 - Lr(lc) - FAM:TAXACEAE Taxus baccata Adi porsuk (European yew) 1,2 3 - Lr(lc) - FAM:THYMELAECEAE Daphne pontica Defne (Daphne) 1,2 3 - LR(lc) - FAM:ULMACEAE Ulmus glabra Da karaa ac (Wych Elm) 1,2 3 - LR(lc) - Celtis tournefortii Do u Çitlenbi i (Dwaft 2,3 3 - LR(lc) - Hackberry) * The species detected during field observation.
Endemism and Floristic Analysis in Terms of Species under Protection Turkey is one of the most important endemic floras in the World having approx. 3000 endemic plant species within its borders. Endemic species constitute the 33% of Turkey’s flora.
5 of the plant species (Heracleum platytaenium, Jurinea alpigena, Dianthus carmelitarum, Epipactis pontica, Galium fissurense) with the possibility to be present in the activity area and surrounding were indicated as endemic. The endemism ratio of the project site is below Turkey’s average and the existing endemics are widely spread and low risk species. They grow in the other parts of the region. For this reason, there is not any endanger for the continuation of generation of the endemic species caused due to the project planned to be constructed.
Moreover, when the flora is assessed according to IUCN Red Data Book, all the species are in LR (Low-Risk) category. According to BERN Convention Appendix-I, Vaccinium arctosaphylos (Trabzon tea plant) is among the species under ultimate protection, however it is in LR (Low-risk) category according to IUCN criteria.
Endemic species are risk class plants and they have a special importance in terms of biodiversity.
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Most of Turkey’s endemic plants are taxonomically problematic and there is difficulty in identification of those species as a requirement of plant systematic in local flora studies. For this reason, possible errors were tried to be eliminated by including the species recorded for Rize and Trabzon and are possibly present at the project site based on their habitat characteristics. On the other hand, endemism ratio is rather high in the high mountain section of the region and the species whose general spread is more than 1,000 m are not related to the proposed project site. However, the species that are present in the high mountain section and possibly present in the activity area are also taken into consideration.
The species mentioned in the above table are included in “the least concern” group and when the qualification of the activity is taken into consideration, that will not cause any endanger in terms of the continuity of the generations. However, to minimize the damage that will occur in the environment, the maximum care will be taken. Works will be carried out in such a manner that flora and fauna will not be affected in a negative way at the construction and operation stages.
SOME ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE FLORA LIST:
HABITAT CLASSES:
1. Forest 2. Maquis 3. Garrigue (Mostly thorny, short plants forming pellet mulches) 4. Cultivation Areas (Vineyard, garden, etc.) 5. Dry meadow 6. Wet meadow, Swamps and Wetlands 7. Roadsides 8. Reef
RELATIVE ABUNDANCE CLASSES:
1. Very scarce 2. Scarce 3. Moderately Abundant 4. Abundant 5.Very Abundant
IUNC ENDANGERED CATEGORIES:
EX : Extinct LR: Lower Risk EW : Extinct in Wild a) LR(cd) : Conservation Dependent CR : Critically Endangered b) LR(nt) : Neat Threatened EN : Endangered c) LR(lc) : Least Concern VU : Vulnerable NT : Near Threatened NE : Not Evaluated
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BERN CONVENTION “Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats” known as Bern Convention was first agreed in 1979 in Bern. Turkey has become a party to this convention upon the signing of it in 1984.
The objective of Bern convention is to maintain the protection of wild Flora and Fauna and their habitats, especially to protect the endangered and potentially endangered ones especially giving priority to the migratory ones and to develop the cooperation of more than one state on this issue. According to the provisions of Bern convention, picking collecting, cutting or rooting on purpose and possessing or purchase and sale of wild flora species listed in Appendix-I is strictly forbidden.
Hereunder only Vaccinium arctostaphylos (Trabzon tea plant) species among the species that we mentioned in the table is within the scope of Bern convention. However, the spread of this plant is on the forested hills located rather high from the activity area and therefore there is no serious endanger for the continuity of the generation of this plant.
BERN CONVENTION ADDITIONAL LISTS APPENDIX I Strictly Protected Flora Species List APPENDIX II Strictly Protected Fauna Species List APPENDIX III Protected Fauna Species List
FAUNA The fauna species of the activity area and its surroundings are studied based on Endemism, BERN convention, 2008-2009 Central Hunting Commission’s Resolutions and IUCN’s categories and indicated below in tables. According to the field and literature studies at the project site and its surroundings the mammal species possibly present are given in Table II.B.2.
Table II.B.2. Mammalia (Mammals List)
SPECIES NAME IN TURKISH HABITAT ENDEMISM HUNT COM. IUCN BERN
INSECTIVORA BORICIDAE Crocidura suaveolens Sivriburunlu bahçefaresi Humid forests, meadows - - Lr/lc APPENDIX-II (Lesser White-toothed Shrew) Crocidura leucodon Sivriburunlu fare Open fields, forest borders, - - - (Bicolored White-toothed moors Shrew) CHIROPTERA RHINOLOPHIDAE Rhinolophus Nalburunlu büyükyarasa All types of caves and inns near - APPENDIX-1 Lr/lc APPENDIX-II ferrumequinum (Greater Horseshoe Bat) the habitat Rhinolophus Nalburunlu küçükyarasa All types of caves and inns near - APPENDIX-1 - APPENDIX-II hiposideros (Smaller Horseshoe Bat) the habitat Rhinolophus blasii - Caves - APPENDIX-1 Lr/lc APPENDIX-II VESPERTILIONIDAE Pipistrellus pipistrellus Cüce yaras (Pipistrelle) Building roofs, wall slots - - Lr/lc APPENDIX-II LAGOMORPHA
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LEPORIDAE Yabani tav an (Cape Lepus capensis Every kind of habitat - APPENDIX-3 Lr/lc APPENDIX-III hare) RODENTIA SCIURIDAE Kafkas sincab Sciurus anomalus Forests - APPENDIX-1 Lr/lc APPENDIX-II (Caucasian squirrel) MURIDAE Sari gö üslü orman Apodemus flavicollis faresi (Yellow necked Humid forests - - Lr/lc - mouse) Tarla sar ev faresi Mus macedonicus Open field - - Lr/lc - (Macedonian mouse) Göçmen s çan (Brown Rattus norvegicus Harbors and city infrastructures - - Lr/lc - rat) SPALACIDAE Körfare (Lesser mole Meadow, field, pasture, plateau and Spalax leucodon - - VU - rat) steppes HYSTRICIDAE Oklu kirpi (Indian Hystrix indica Forest, shrubbery, pastures - APPENDIX-1 Lr/lc - crested porcupine) CARNIVORA CANIDAE Vulpes vulpes K z l tilki (Red fox) Every kind of habitat - APPENDIX-3 Lr/lc - MUSTELIDAE Porsuk (European Meles meles Forest, steppe - APPENDIX-2 Lr/lc APPENDIX-III badger) SUIDAE Yaban domuzu (Wild Sus scrofa Leafy, mixed forest, swamp - APPENDIX-3 Lr/lc - pig) URSIDAE They live especially in the broad- APPENDIX-1 leaved and mixed forests, open fields (Except Ursus arctos Boz ay (Brown bear) and steppes covered with dwarf - Lr/lc APPENDIX-II hunting plants and stiff mountains; they can tourism) escalate up to 2,800 m altitudes.
Amphibia (Amphibians) and Reptilia (Reptiles), which are thought to be present at the project site and around based on the field and literature studies, are respectively given in Table II.B.3. and Table II.B.4. There are many breeding and nesting habitats in the region for amphibians and reptiles. The habitats are continuous and complementary to each other. This provides the possibility of conveniently changing place in case of even a small threat of the project for the land animals of the region. Table II.B.3. Amphibia (Amphibians) SPECIES NAME IN TURKISH HABITAT ENDEMISM IUCN BERN
URODELA SALAMANDRIDAE Kafkas semenderi Mertensiella caucasica (Caucasian Forest and tree near the river - nt APPENDIX-III salamander) Bantl tarakl semander Forest and stony grounds on Triturus vittatus - nt APPENDIX-III (Southern banded newt) shores of low flow rated streams Pürtüklü semender Forest and stony grounds near Triturus karelinii nt APPENDIX-III (Southern crested newt) slacks ANURA
PELOBATIDAE Toprak kurba as Pelobates syriacus (Eastern spadefoot Soft-grounded areas near waters - nt APPENDIX-II toad) BUFONIDAE Gece kurba as Gardens, open stony fields, near Bufo viridis nt APPENDIX-II (European green toad) water HYLIDAE Hyla arborea A aç kurba as Trees, woody plants - nt APPENDIX-II (European tree frog)
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Table II.B.4 Reptilia (Reptiles) SPECIES NAME IN TURKISH HABITAT ENDEMISM HUNT COM. IUCN BERN
TESTUDINATA TESTUDINIDAE Testudo graeca Yayg n tosba a (Spur- Wineyard, garden - 1 nt APPENDIX-II thighed tortoise) EMYDIDAE Emys orbicularis Benekli Kaplumba a Slow flowing rivers - 1 nt APPENDIX-II (European pond turtle) SQUAMATA GEKKONIDAE Cyrtopodion katschyi Ince parmakl keler (Tree Stony and rocky places - 1 nt APPENDIX-II gecko) Hemidactylus turcicus Geni parmakl keler Under stone, rock slots - 1 nt - (Mediterranean house gecko) LACERTIDAE Lacerta mixta Melez kertenkele Stony places on the shore of - 1 - - (Crossbreed lizard) streams Lacerta viridis Ye il kertenkele Woodland and places near - 1 nt APPENDIX-II (European green lizard) water ANGUIDAE Anguis fragilis Y lan kertenkele (Slow Forest maquis, pasture - 1 nt - worm) TYPHLOPIDAE Typhlops vermicularis Kör y lan (European blind Humid soil and under stone - 1 nt - snake) COLUBRIDAE Coronella austriaca Avusturya y lan (Smooth Stony places by the forest - 1 nt APPENDIX-II snake) Eirenis modestus Uysal y lan (Asia minor Stony regions with scarce plants - 1 nt - dwarf racer) Elaphe quatuorlineata Sar y lan (Four-lined Scarce woodland and bushes - 1 nt APPENDIX-II snake)
List of the birds, which are thought to be present at the project site and around as a result of field and literature studies, is given in Table II.B.5.
Table II.B.5 Aves (Birds) SPECIES NAME IN TURKISH HABITAT END IUCN BERN HUNT COM. AVES PODICIPEDIFORMES PODICIPEDIDAE Küçük Bata an(Little Trees growing in water Tachybaptus ruficollis - LC III I grebe) environments PELECANIFORMES PHALACROCORACIDAE Inlands away from the seaside, Küçük karabatak (Pygmy Phalacrocorax pygmeus wetlands having plant cover, - LC III I cormorant) open waters fed by fresh water CICONIFORMES ARDEIDAE Egretta garzetta Küçük ak bal kç l (Little Shallow waters, slow flowing - LC II I egret) rivers, canals, lagoons Egretta alba Büyük ak bal kç l (Great Lakes, shallow waters, wetlands, - - II I egret) seacoast CICONIIDAE Wide plains with scarce trees, irrigated lands, rice fields wet meadows, flood lands, shallow- Ciconia ciconia Leylek (White stork) - LC II water lagoons and ponds, shallow or fast flowing rivers seacoast
ANSERIFORMES ANATIDAE
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On the shores of inland seas and lakes, salty swamp and Tadorna ferruginea Ang t (Ruddt shelduck) lagoon, rivers and ponds, the - LC II I upper parts of the hills and high plateaus, highlands
FALCONIFORMES ACCIPITRIDAE Shallow, calm and fresh or Saz delicesi (Western slightly salty waters, wide areas - LC II I Circus aeruginosus marsh-harrier) with aquatic plants without trees, riverbanks, mounds Highlands remote from steppes and pristine forests, wetlands with high plants, on the other Circus cyaneus Gökçe delice (Hen harrier) hand, steppes covered with - LC II I scarce plants, thickets of highlands, highland plateaus, hills or new afforested areas Forests-preferably conifer Atmaca (Eurasian forests, wetlands, plateaus, - LC II I Accipiter nisus sparrowhawk) valleys and hill slopes Woodland, sloping hills, less vegetated areas, cultivated ahin* (Buzzard*) - LC II I Buteo buteo areas with high trees, broad- leaved forests Küçük orman kartal Forests, plateaus limited with - LC II I Aquila pomarina (Lesser spotted eagle) meadows and flood areas Mountains without snow and ice, Sakall akbaba (Breaded low forests and steppes, warm - LC II I Gypaetus barbatus vulture) valleys, near villages and cities, near fresh water resources Windy high plateaus and K z l akbaba (Griffon mountains, steppes with - LC II I Gyps fulvus vulture) convenient air space, deserts and other dry areas
FALCONIDAE Forest tundra, river valleys, Falco tinnunculus Kerkenez* (Kestrel*) farms, pastures, plains, forests, - LC II I wetlands without trees
GALLIFORMES TERAONIDAE Bushes, river shores covered Francolinus francolinus Turaç (Black francolin) with short vegetation, vineyards, - LC III I open dry steppes
LARIDAE Rivers in steppe and desert Büyük karaba mart * regions, lakes, deltas, islands, - LC III II Larus ichthyaetus (Great black-headed gull*) seacoasts River basins, lake shores, sea Larus minutus Küçük mart (Little gull) shores, sandy and muddy - LC II I shores where freshwater flows Near seacoast or inland waters, Küçük gümü mart (Mew islets, islands, pebbled - LC III II Larus canus gull) riverbeds, beaches, swamps, lakes and ponds
TERAONIDAE Continuous habitat on the border Da horozu (Caucasian of the Eastern Anatolia and the - DD III I Tetrao mlokosiewiczi grouse) Eastern Black Sea
PHASIANIDAE Trees and bushes, steep rock Urkeklik (Caspian lands and rock lands on the - LC III I Tetraogallus caspius snowcock) hillsides
K n a l Keklik (Chukar Rocky slopped areas between Alectoris chukar - LC III III partridge) snow line and semi-steppe rocky slopped areas, cliffs
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slopped areas, cliffs Hill slopes, broad river valleys, Sülün (Pheasant) - LC III II Phasianus colchicus dry plateaus, pastures
COLUMBIFORMES COLUMBIDAE Wetlands with intense Tahtal güvercin (Wood vegetation, plains without trees, - LC - - Columba palumbus pigeon) valleys, unprotected seacoasts, agricultural areas
APODIFORMES APODIDAE Apus pallidus Boz Ebabil (Pallid swift) Coastal lines, coasts and plains - LC II I PASSERIFORMES HIRUNDINIDAE Forests and cities, mountains, Kum K rlang c (Sand impaired desserts, narrow - LC II I Riparia riparia martin) valleys, rivers shores spilling into sea and lakes Shallow water covered with K r K rlang c * (Barn green vegetation, less humid - LC II I Hirundo rustica swallow*) areas, afforested areas or cities, pastures and farms
MOTACILLIDAE Shores of river, lake, canal, Ak Kuyruksallayan (White Motacilla alba roads, farms, city roads, parks, - LC II I wagtail) (Motacilla lugens) places with intense vegetation
ORIOLIDAE Forests, parks, roads with trees, Sar asma (Golden oriole) - LC II I Oriolus oriolus wide gardens
CORVIDAE Wooded and treeless areas, Saksa an* (Magpie*) - LC - III Pica pica bushes, wetlands cities Rocky cliffs, riverbeds, islands, Le Kargas (Carrion forest edges, river valleys, salty Corvus corone - LC - III crow) swamps, estauaris, in major cities along the coast * The species detected during field observation.
Abbreviations
Y: Native bird species hatching in our country on a regular basis G: Migrating species after hatching in our country T: Species that are not hatching in our country and using our country during their transit migration KZ: Species spending the winter in our country, winter visitor species
Bern Convention and Faunistic Analysis in Terms of Species under Protection According to the provisions of Bern Convention APPENDIX II (Strictly Protected Fauna Species), the following issues will especially be forbidden for those species; a) All kinds of deliberate capture and keeping and deliberate killing types b) Deliberate harm to their breeding or nesting places c) Disturbing the wild fauna deliberately especially during reproduction, growth and hibernation periods against the purpose of this convention
84 LASKAR A. . n c i r l i HEPP Project Information File d) Collecting eggs from wild environment, damaging on purpose or keeping them even if they are empty e) Keeping wild animal species, alive or dead and domestic trade
And the provisions of Bern Convention APPENDIX III (Protected Fauna Species); include the prohibition of operation temporarily or on regional basis in appropriate situations to bring the wild fauna to the sufficient population levels.
With this activity the impacts such as; hunting, deliberate killing or keeping, damaging the eggs or deliberately disturbing on the above mentioned fauna species or the ones among those species that are within the scope of Bern Convention are not in question. Based on the field and literature studies conducted at the project site and its surroundings, probable fauna species will be easily changing place in any threat since the surrounding habitats are similar. In the cases considered necessary by the authorized bodies at construction and operation stages at the project site, the project owner will comply with the sanctions of Bern Convention.
BERN CONVENTION ADDITIONAL LISTS APPENDIX I Strictly Protected Flora Species List APPENDIX II Strictly Protected Fauna Species List APPENDIX III Protected Fauna Species List
Related abbreviations and remarks of the Central Hunting Commission’s resolutions mentioned in the fauna tables in accordance with the Hunting Period of 2008-2009 resolutions of Central Hunting Commission are as follows. Within the scope of the project Rules of the Hunting Commission will be complied with.
ADDITIONAL List I Protected wild animals by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry ADDITIONAL List II Protected game animals by the Central Hunting Commission ADDITIONAL List III Game animals for which hunting is allowed in defined intervals by the Central Hunting Commission
The fish fauna of yidere and Karadere, where the works will be conducted in the project, are presented in Table II.B.6. below as a result of literature studies.
Table II.B.6 List of yidere and Karadere Freshwater Fish Name in Latin Name in Turkish IUCN Bern PISCES Bal klar Kemikli bal klar (Fishes OSTEICHTHYES Bony fishes)
Acipenseriformes Acipenseridae Acipenser güldenstaedti Rus Mersin Bal (Russian - - sturgeon) Acipenser stellatus Mersin Bal (Starry sturgeon) EN III Anguiliformes Anguilidae
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Anguilla anguilla Y l an bal (European eel) - - Clupeiformes Clupeidae Alosa fallax nilotica Tirsi bal (Shad) - - Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Abramis brama Çaplak bal (Bream) - - Alburnoides bipunctatus Noktal nci bal (Spirlin) LR/lc III Aspius aspius Kocaa z Bal (Asp) DD III Barbus plebejus escherichi B y k l bal k (Goatfish) LC III Blicca björkna Tahta Bal (Silver bream) - - Chalcarburnus chacloides - III Capoeta capoeta sieboldi Siraz Bal - -
Capoeta tinca Kara bal k (Anatolian - - Khramulya) Cyprinus carpio Sazan bal (Carp) DD - Gobio gobio gymnostethus Dere Kayas LR/lc - Leuciscus cephalus Tatl su kefali (European Chub) LR/lc - Rhodeus sericeus amarus Ac bal k (Amur bitterling) LR/lc III Rutilus frisii Levkit bal (Black Sea Roach) DD Tinca tinca Kadife bal (Trench) LR/lc - Perciformes Gobiidae Neogobius fluviatilis Tatl su kayabal (Monkey DD - goby) Mugiliformes Mugilidae Mugil auratus Alt nba Kefal (Golden gray - - mullet) Mugil cephalus Has Kefal (Flathead mullet) - - Percidae Perca fluviatilis Tatl su levre i (European LR/lc - Perch) Pleuronectiformes Pleuronectidae Platichthys flesus Dere pisisi (European flounder) - - Salmoniformes Salmonidae Salmo trutta labrax Denizalas (Black Sea salmon) - - Esocidea Esox lucirus Turna bal (European - - barracuda)
The inland waters in the project site are fed with numerous large and small streams. The water temperature is around 6-10 C in winter and 17-20 C in summer. The pH value is generally between 6.5-8.5 and they change depending on the season. Creeks and streams in the project site are named as “Mountain Streams” due to their origin. In general, those high flow-rated streams form large and small basins consisting of waterfalls in some places and deep concaves. The ground is covered by pebbles and stones in general. Those waters, which are always chilly, are considerably rich of oxygen 1-2 km after the resource.
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In those types of waters in general it is not possible to see the typical zoning depending on the fish species. For this reason, naming that type of river zone as “Trout Zone” is pretty common. In the region the flow rates of the flows below 300 m have been changing. That zone is especially characterized with Blicca björkna (Silver Bream), Capoeta capoeta sieboldi (Siraz Bal ) ve Capoeta tinca (Anatolian Khramulya) species. Among those, Silver Bream and Anatolian Khramulya live almost in all the streams and rivers in the Eastern Black Sea Region in lower altitudes. Those rivers are permanent; however, the amount of water reduces minimum 1/3 in summer months. Among those Siraz Bal prefers relatively chilly waters and can go up to 1,000 m trout zone. The most typical fish for the rivers of project site is Salmo trutta labrax (Natio marina ecotype) (Black Sea Trout).
Studies on the cultivation performance of Black Sea Trout and increasing the reduced stocks were conducted in 2001 by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Trabzon Provincial Directorate of Fisheries Development. In the scope of the studies, some samples were collected from certain streams in the region to determine the biological structure of species. The study results indicate that yidere Creek is the stream with minimum sea ecotype sampling (only 11 individuals). This study proves that sea ecotype is scarcely any in that river due to intense depreciation. In the study, it is indicated that the existing kizdere Regulator, which is in operation since 1961 and located in the upper section of the regulator planned to be constructed, prevents the sea ecotype to pass to the upper sections of the river since it does not have fish pass used in the dams of rivers where fish migration is observed. Again in the same study, it is observed that the number of stream ecotype (nation fario) sampling (124 individual) is relatively high in the upper sections of yidere Creek, however the population is low compared to other rivers (Tabak et al. 2001)
Since electricity is generated only through the fall of water in the project, there will be no change in the chemical composition of water. Fish passes will be built at the construction stage during the project, and within this scope, the provisions of the Regulation on Control of Water Pollution and the Regulation of Fishery Products of 1380 the provisions of other legislations will be complied with at construction and operation stages.
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SECTION III. Alternatives to the Project and the Site (Reasons of Selecting the Project Technology and Project Site)
The normal water elevation of the ncirli Regulator that is planned to be constructed at 97.0 m riverbed elevation of yidere Creek, is 102.0 m. Tailwater elevation of “Kalkandere Regulator and Yoku lu HEPP Project” that is planned to be constructed in the upperstream and opened for private sector application within the context of the Law of 4628, is limiting for determination of that elevation. For this reason, constructing ncirli Regulator at a higher elevation is out of question.
Energy sector in the World has been continuously developing and optimum generation is obtained with developed methods in equipment and resource utilization.
This development is also valid for Hydroelectric Power Plant technology and on one hand, the technology is increasing the efficiency in the new power plants, on the other hand, it generates solutions meeting the reasonable demands of the environmental consciousness developing in our World. Thus, nowadays the technologies in compliance with the globalized environmental standards are improved as much as possible.
The feasibility studies were conducted, generation license was obtained and water usage agreement was signed in the scope of the project and there is no alternative of the project and location after that stage.
Environmentally and economically most suitable technologies will be used in the application of the project and all the legislations in effect in terms of settlements, environment, human health and safety at the construction and operation stages.
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SECTION IV: Results
One regulator for each yidere Creek and its branch Karadere, passing through the Kalkandere District in Rize Province in the Eastern Black Sea Region, will be constructed between the elevations of 50 m and 102 m for the purpose of energy generation. It will be located between the north latitudes of 40° 54' 00"- 40° 57' 00" and east longitudes of 40° 24' 00" - 40° 26' 30" according to the Trabzon map numbered G44-b2.
One regulator for each yidere Creek and its branch Karadere, passing through the Kalkandere District in Rize Province in the Eastern Black Sea Region, will be installed between the elevations of 50 m and 102 m in the project. One underground energy tunnel from each regulator will be built and those will meet between Tatl su quarter and yidere and will be transmitted to ncirli HEPP built on the right shore of yidere in one single energy tunnel. Annually 25.5 MW electricity generation is planned in the power plant based on (3) vertical Francis turbines with 8.5 MW power each. Annual average overall energy generation will be 109,12 GWh.
Full-bodied concrete regulator and water intake structure, connecting dike, transmission canal, forebay, penstock, power house and tailwater canal as well as the electromechanical equipment, switch gear and power plant installations planned to be constructed within ncirli Regulator and HEPP Project are assessed within the context of that report.
Project owner is Laskar Enerji Üretim Pazarlama A. ., an affiliate of Adal Holding. (Hereinafter called “LASKAR A. .” in the report). Electricity Generation” license numbered EÜ/1381-5/1000 was obtained from the Energy Market Regulatory Authority based on the decree dated 22.11.2007 and numbered 1381-5 (Appendix 1) for ncirli Regulator and HEPP Project. It is qualified for 49 years operation of the project with the generation license. The life span of the mentioned project is expected to be more than 49 years.
The feasibility report of the project was prepared and the “Agreement concerning the Principles of Water Usage Rights and Operation” was signed by the company officials and Ministry of Environment and Forest, General Directorate of DS (State Hydraulic Works), Department of Investigation and Planning on 02.11.2007 in accordance with the provisions of Regulation on Electricity Market License based on Electricity Market Law No: 4628 (Appendix 2).
The subject of mentioned Project Information File is the Regulators and HEPP having an installed power of 25.5 MW and other related units. The technical data of ncirli Hydroelectric Power Project Revised Project Report prepared in 2007 by SKOPSU Proje Mu h. Mu . n . Taah. ve Tic. Ltd. ti. on demand of project owner, were utilized for the preparation of Project Information File.
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The project is planned to be taken into operation after water retention and trial run conducted at the beginning of 2010 and construction works, electromechanical equipment procurement, erection in 2008 and 2009.
Kalkandere district is located approximately 33 km away from Rize province and 13 km from the coast. All the districts, sub-districts and villages have adequate road connections to the city center and with each other and all the roads are open all the time including the winter season.
Kalkandere district is accessible through Erzurum road taken 19 km before Rize on the D 010 State Highway lying in the east direction from Trabzon. The project site is accessible through Erzurum road from kizdere district center.
The distance between power plant site and ncirli I regulator is approx. 4.7 km air distance. And the distance between power plant site and ncirli II regulator is approx. 3.7 km air distance. The water flowing to the power plant through a transmission tunnel will be passed through the turbines for electricity generation and then will be discharged to the river. Therefore, there will not be any negative impacts in the ecological structure of the downstream.
The rough air distances of the units within the scope of the project to the nearby settlements are as follows. Name of the Settlement ncirli HEPP ncirli ncirli II Distance Regulator Regulator Distance Distance P naralt Quarter (Of District) 2,8 km 5,3 km 4,2 km ncirli Village (Kalkandere) 5,4 km 450 m 3,3 km Kalkandere District 4,5 km 3,3 km 330 m Dereköy Village (Of) 1,8 km 6,5 km 6 km Esenköy Village (Of) 3,7 km 8 km 7,8 km Sar kaya Village (Of) 5,4 km 1 km 4 km Kireçli Village (Of) 5,8 km 1,9 km 5 km Birlik Village (Of) 4 km 1,8 km 3,7 km Gümü ören Village (Of) 2,7 km 3 km 4 km Ormanl Village (Kalkandere) 2,2 km 3,8 km 2,5 km Geçitli Village (Kalkandere) 2 km 5,1 km 3,2 km Seyrantepe Village (Kalkandere) 7 km 4,8 km 3,2 km Dar l Village 2,4 km 3,6 km 3,8 km
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General Layout of the project site is enclosed in the Appendix 3 and typical plans and cross sections of the power house and other units in the Appendix 4. Its location in the country and region is presented in Figure I.A.4, satellite photo of the region in Figure I.A.5. and photos of the site and surrounding in Figure I.A.6.
The areas for the units to be constructed in the project are presented in Table I.A.4. and the amount of excavations from the units in Table I.A.5. The Workflow Chart performed in the project is presented in Figure I.A.7.
All the materials that will be utilized in the project will be in accordance with DS ’s technical specifications. The regulations and notifications issued by the General Directorate of Disaster Affairs will be complied with during the project.
The water utilized for the generation performed within the project, will be discharged sufficiently into the riverbed in the regulator section in a way not to impact the flora and fauna negatively. The water flowing to the power plant through a transmission tunnel will be passed through the turbines for electricity generation and then will be discharged to the river. Therefore, there will not be any negative impacts in the ecological structure of the downstream.
In average 200 persons during the construction stage and 10 persons for the operation stage are planned to be employed in ncirli Regulator and Hydroelectric Power Plant Project. bulldozer, concrete mixer, loader, compressor, diesel engine crawler bucket, diesel engine crawler crane, diesel engine damper, welding machine, truck etc. tools and equipment will be utilized at the construction stage of the activity.
The areas out of the scope of the project are personal, forestry and treasury lands. Determination of the property ownership status studies is still underway in the project area. Purchasing, leasing and expropriation procedures will be started after the completion of those works.
The requirements brought by the TSE and DS standards for similar plants will be based on for the units and operation processes to be performed in the project and when those standards are insufficient and inadequate, the international standards will be referred. Additionally, all the equipments in the plant will be equipped by grounding system and special clothes and equipment will be used for the electrical leakage and maintenances.
For the forest areas in the project, the permit will be obtained in accordance with Article 17 of the Forest Law numbered 6831. The required permits will be obtained from the Provincial Agricultural Directorate of Rize in accordance with the Soil Protection and Land Use Act No. 5403 (Article 13, subparagraph d) prior to the construction works of the project.
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Liquid waste, solid waste, emission and noise assessments of the project are performed in the report and presented in Section I.C. in details.
Amount of Amount of Emission Noise (dBA) Liquid Waste Solid Waste Excavation: 1.4 kg/h At the Blast: 250 m distance Construction 30 m3/day 268 kg/day 0,78 kg settled dust L =63,9 Stage 0,22 kg suspended day dust Machinery noise At the levels will range Operation 1,5 m3/day 1344 kg/day - between 60-115 at Stage the source (Indoors)
For the purpose of minimizing the environmental impact caused by the project, relevant laws, regulations and bylaws of the environmental legislations will be complied with starting from the construction stage of the project until the post-operation stage. The primary legislation to be complied with is as follows: ∗ Regulation on Environmental Impact Assessment enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 16.12.2003 and No. 25399, ∗ Regulation on Control of Air Pollution Originating from Industrial Facilities enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 22.07.2006 and No. 26236, ∗ Regulation on Control of Solid Wastes enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 14.03.1991 and No. 20814, ∗ Regulation on Control of Water Pollution enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 31.12.2004 and No. 25687, ∗ Regulation on Soil Pollution enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 10.12.2001 and No. 24609, ∗ Regulation concerning the Amendment of the Regulation on Control of Water Pollution” published in the Official Gazette dated 13.02.2008 and No. 26786, ∗ Regulation on Control of Waste Oil enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 21.01.2004 and No. 25353, ∗ Regulation on Assessment and Management of Environmental Noise enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 07.03.2008 and No. 26809, ∗ Regulation on Occupational Health and Safety enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 09.12.2003 and No. 25311, ∗ Regulation on Public Transportation on the Highways enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 18.10.1983 and No. 18195, ∗ Circular numbered 1999/10 published by the Ministry of Public Works and Settlement and the Regulation on Buildings to be Constructed in Disaster Areas dated 02.09.1997 and No. 23098, ∗ Regulation on Control of Hazardous Wastes enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 14.03.2005 and No. 25755, ∗ Fisheries Law enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 31.12.2004 and No. 25687,
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∗ Regulation on Control of Medical Wastes enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 22.07.2005 and No. 25883, ∗ Regulation on the Control of Excavation Soil and Wastes from Construction and Wreckage enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 18.03.2004 and No. 25406) ∗ Regulation on Control of Packaging Wastes enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated 24.06.2007 and No. 26562, ∗ Electricity Market Law No. 4628, ∗ Law on the use of Renewable Energy Sources for Electrical Energy Production enforced upon publication in the Official Gazette dated18.05.2005 and No. 25819.
On the other hand, studies will be carried out in accordance with the agreements to which Turkey is a party and as per the provisions of the following agreements concluded with DS (General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works) with respect to the project area,
- Agreement concerning the Principles of Water Usage Rights and Operation - Connection Agreement with TE A (Turkish Electricity Transmission Company) Moreover, at the design and construction of the units the following provisions will be complied with;
∗ DS Specifications – DS Department of Dams and Hydroelectric Power Plants, ∗ Construction Works General Specifications, ∗ Injection Works Technical Specification, ∗ Technical Specifications for Roads, ∗ Technical Specifications for Permanent Equipment, ∗ Project Information File and all the issues regarding all the survey and drilling works.
Any negative impact on the surrounding facilities, residential areas and roads caused by the activities of the project will not be expected and the possible damages will be settled in cooperation with the related authorities.
Within the scope of the project the provisions of the “Environmental Law” No. 2872 amended by the Law of 5491.The sub-scaled plans will be prepared in accordance with the “Environmental Law” No. 2872 and the regulations drafted based on this law and the plans would have been approved by the relevant administrations. Moreover, if there will be any alteration in the project described in the report, an application will be carried out to Rize Governorship (Provincial Directorate of Environment and Forestry) before undertaking the alteration.
As a result of all the processes to be carried out within the scope of the project, a suitable investment both in terms of economic return and environmental aspects is envisaged to be realized.
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