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Morphological Comparison of a Poorly Known Scorpionfish, Parapterois Macrura, with a Related Species, P

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Morphological Comparison of a Poorly Known Scorpionfish, Parapterois Macrura, with a Related Species, P Zoological Studies 43(1): 1-7 (2004) Morphological Comparison of a Poorly Known Scorpionfish, Parapterois macrura, with a Related Species, P. heterura (Scorpaenidae: Pteroinae) Hiroyuki Motomura Ichthyology, Division of Vertebrate Zoology, Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia Tel: 61-2-93206310. E-mail: [email protected] (Accepted September 9, 2003) Hiroyuki Motomura (2004) Morphological comparison of a poorly known scorpionfish, Parapterois macrura, with a related species, P. heterura (Scorpaenidae: Pteroinae). Zoological Studies 43(1): 1-7. The taxonomic status of a scorpionfish Parapterois macrura (Scorpaenidae: Pteroinae), originally described as Pterois macrura from the Malabar Coast off Calicut, west coast of India by Alcock (1896), has long been in doubt. Comparison of P. macrura collected from Indian waters with a related congener P. heterura (Bleeker, 1856), originally described from Ambon, Indonesia and subsequently collected from the southeast coast of Africa and western Pacific Ocean, revealed that the former was distinguished from P. heterura by the following characters: a scale- less interorbital space, lower counts of longitudinal scale series, greater head and snout lengths and head depth, a shorter tentacle on the posterior spine of the lacrimal, the upper margin of the orbit higher than or level with the base of the first dorsal spine (in lateral view) in adults and top of a bulge on the snout much lower than the ventralmost margin of the orbit (in lateral view) in adults. Morphological changes with growth for both species and populations in P. heterura are also discussed. http://www.sinica.edu.tw/zool/zoolstud/43.1/1.pdf Key words: Comparison, Scorpaenidae, Parapterois macrura, Parapterois heterura. T he genus Parapterois Bleeker, 1876 and Yazdani 1968, Menon and Rama-Rao 1975), no reports of Pterois (= Parapterois) macrura have (Scorpaenidae: Pteroinae), proposed as a new , genus for Pterois heterurus Bleeker, 1856, origi- been published since Alcock s (1896) original nally described from Ambon, Indonesia, is charac- description and subsequent report (Alcock 1898), terized by high pectoral fin ray counts (18-21 vs. although Parapterois heterura is well known. 12-17 in the related genus Pterois Oken), a low Thus, the taxonomic status and characters of P. anal fin spine counts (2 vs. 3), some branched macrura have remained obscure. pectoral fin rays (vs. unbranched), and a truncated Examination of Parapterois specimens col- caudal fin with the upper and lower rays longest in lected from India showed them to represent P. large adults (vs. a rounded caudal fin without long macrura, which could be distinguished from P. rays) (Eschmeyer and Rama-Rao 1978, heterura on the basis of several morphological Eschmeyer 1986). Although Parapterois has long characters recognized in this study. The present been considered a monotypic genus (Eschmeyer paper includes confirmation of the validity of P. 1986, Ishida 1997), Mandrytsa (2001) treated a macrura, assessments of diagnostic characters of poorly known scorpionfish, Pterois macrura P. heterura and P. macrura proposed in the key by Alcock, 1896, originally described from the Mandrytsa (2001), descriptions of newly recog- Malabar Coast off Calicut, west coast of India, as nized diagnostic characters and morphological a second species of Parapterois and provided a changes with growth for both species, and com- key to the two species. With the exception of ments on populations in P. heterura. Mandrytsa (2001) and some type catalogs (Menon 1 2 Zoological Studies 43(1): 1-7 (2004) MATERIALS AND METHODS Institutional codes follow Leviton et al. (1985), with additional institutional abbreviations as follows: Specimen lengths are given as standard Division of Fisheries Sciences, Faculty of length (expressed as SL), measured from the Agriculture, Miyazaki University, Japan (MUFS); anteriormost tip of the upper lip to the posterior South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, end of the hypural plate. Head and snout lengths South Africa (SAIAB, formerly RUSI); and Raffles were measured from the anteriormost tip of the Museum of Biodiversity Research, Department of upper lip to the posterior end of the opercular flap Biological Sciences, National University of and to the anterior margin of the eye, respectively. Singapore (ZRC, formerly NMS). The following Head depth was taken obliquely from the upper- specimens of Parapterois species were examined most margin of the orbit (frontal) to the posterior during this study: Parapterois heterura from west- corner (near the preopercle) of the suborbital ridge ern Indian Ocean (14 specimens, 39-116 mm SL) - (see Fig. 1). Pored lateral line scales could not be SAIAB 802 (holotype of Pterois natalensis von counted in this study because all of the specimens Bonde, ,1923),,, 66 mm, SL,,, Natal coast, South Africa examined were in poor condition, owing to their (29 26 30 S, 31 25 40 E), 53 m, 30 July 1920; having been caught by trawl nets. Scales in the SAIAB° 3023, 1° specimen, 79 mm SL, off longitudinal series, being nearly vertical to the Mozambique, May 1973, coll. by B. Andrews; oblique scale rows above the lateral line from the SAIAB 48157, 4 specimens,, ,87-116 mm SL, off posterior point of the supracleithral spine base to Mozambique (19 51 S, 36 18 E), bottom trawl, 66 the caudal fin base, were usually counted on the m, 18 June 1994,° coll. by° R. W. Leslie; SAIAB basis of deciduous scale traces. Gill raker counts 62730, 1 specimen, 64 mm SL, mouth of St., Lucia,, 23 30 S, included all rudiments. River, ,KwaZulu-Natal,,, South Africa (28 32 26 10 E), 35 m, 22 Sept. 1999, coll.° by S. Fennessy;° SAM 11855 (syntypes of Pterois nigri- pinnis Gilchrist, 1904), 3 specimens, 39-51 mm SL, 4 km off mouth of Umhlanga River, Natal, South Africa, 40-48 m, 26 Mar. 1901, coll. by P. Faure; SAM 34263, 2 specimens, ,87-112 mm, SL, off Beira, Mozambique (19°51 S, 36°18 E), 66 m; SAM 34264, 2 specimens,, 70-79, mm SL, off Beira, Mozambique (19 49 S, 36 05 E), 54 m. Parap- terois heterura from° western° Pacific Ocean (12 specimens, 57-139 mm SL) - MUFS 16696, 1 specimen, 62 mm SL, off Meitsu, Nango, Miyazaki, Japan, 23 Nov. 1998, coll. by H. Motomura; MUFS 17718, 1 specimen, 67 mm SL, off Meitsu, Nango, Fig. 1. Head of Parapterois macrura (MUFS 16910, 110 mm Miyazaki, Japan, 5 June 1999, coll. by H. SL, off Malpe, Karnataka, west coast of India) in lateral view. Motomura; MUFS 17730-17731, 2 specimens, 65- Head depth is defined in this study as a straight line from the uppermost orbit margin to the suborbital ridge. Numerous 74 mm SL, off Meitsu, Nango, Miyazaki, Japan, 12 scales and tiny spines are not illustrated. June 1999, coll. by H. Motomura; NSMT-P 34409, Table 1. Frequency distribution of selected counts in Parapterois species Anal fin spines Anal fin rays Pectoral fin rays Longitudinal scale series 278181920434445464748495051 P. heterura 21 20 1 2 11 10 - - 1 3 3 3 3 1 1 P. macrura 11 11 - - 7 4 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 - - Upper gill rakers Lower gill rakers Total gill rakers 45610111213141516171819 P. heterura 1232 21085 1 210761 P. macrura -56 -47- --173- Motomura -- Comparison of Parapterois spp. 3 1 specimen, 88 mm SL, Futo, Ito, Sagami Bay, , , India (9 40 N, 75 38 E), bottom trawl, 138-210 m, Shizuoka, Japan, 2-3 m, 11 July 1991, coll. by M. 10 Feb.° 1965, coll.° by A. Kotthaus. Localities of Aizawa; NSMT-P 34604, 1 specimen, 89 mm SL, specimens of both species examined during this Tosa Bay, Kochi, Japan, bottom trawl, 30 m, 1 Oct. study are indicated in figure 2. 1989, coll. by O. Okamura; NSMT-P 46604, 1 specimen, 57 mm SL, off Osezaki, Suruga Bay, Shizuoka, Japan, bottom trawl, 150-300 m, 26 Oct. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1994, coll. by H. Saito; NSMT-P 63542, 1, specimen, 57-59 N, 125 56- 86, mm SL, East China Sea (27 59 E), bottom trawl, 117-118 m, °20 Oct. 2001, °coll. Validity of Parapterois macrura by T. Saito and H. Namikawa; RMNH 5872 (holo- type of Pterois heterurus Bleeker, 1856), 78 mm Parapterois macrura was originally described SL, Ambon, Maluku Is., Indonesia; URM-P 17403, as Pterois macrurus from the Malabar Coast off 1 specimen, 139 mm SL, Chinen, Okinawa, Calicut, west coast of India by Alcock (1896). Ryukyu Is., 30 Apr. 1986, coll. by T. Yoshino; URM- Since the original description and a subsequent P 17420, 1 specimen, 114 mm SL, Chinen, report (Alcock 1898), there have been no further Okinawa, Ryukyu Is., 5 May 1986, coll. by T. references to that species, except in type catalogs (Menon and Yazdani 1968, Menon and Rama-Rao Yoshino; ZRC 728, 1 specimen,, 96 mm, SL, South China Sea (05 22-25 N, 107 36-47 E), 70-73 m, 1975), until Mandrytsa (2001) recognized both P. 11 June 1956, coll.° by M. F. V. °Manihine. Parapter- heterura (see Figs. 3A, 4A) and P. macrura (see ois macrura (11 specimens, 77-111 mm SL) - Figs. 3B, 4B) as valid species of Parapterois and MUFS 16908-16910, 3 specimens, 78-110 mm SL, provided a key to the species. In his key, off Malpe, Karnataka, west coast of India, bottom Mandrytsa (2001) briefly noted that P. macrura dif- trawl, 80 m, 30 Mar. 2000, coll. by H. Motomura fered from P. heterura in having the upper margin and Y. Iwatsuki; ZMH 5598, 7 specimens, 77-111 of the orbit higher than the level of the first dorsal fin spine base (vs. slightly lower in the latter), the mm SL, off near, Karwar,, Karnataka, west coast of India (14 42 N, 73 54 E), bottom trawl, 75 m, 15 interorbital space without scales (vs.
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