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People of Sri Lanka People of Sri Lanka “Sri Lankan” - Our Identity “Diversity” - Our Strength Ministry of National Coexistence, Dialogue and Oficial Languages i No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the publisher and respective writers. Please be noted that the facts, interpretations mentioned in all chapters are transcribed by respective writers and those are not transcriptions of the Ministry. ISBN – 978-955-7537-03-0 First Published in March 2017 By The Ministry of National Coexistence, Dialogue and Oficial Languages Printed by : ii Message from the Hon. President Human being is a beautiful manifestation of unity where they live with mutual respect and trust, within diversity. It is the extraordinary capacity fostering fairness for all. of the human being to transcend individualism to embrace the values of greater good of humanity, All our endeavors aim at achieving those noble that paved the way for many victories in the long objectives. It should be our life pledge to uphold journey of the human evolution. and achieve equity and inclusivity among all citizens in our Motherland. A country can reach its true potential, when its masses set themselves to accomplish a collective For this purpose, publishing relevant research is an dream. The reality that some may not comprehend appreciable task. I commend all the intellectuals is that a country, where its citizens try remain in who contributed, and the Minister of National Co- division and disregard their neighbours, will itself existence, Dialogue and Oficial Languages and be an isolated land. the staff of the Ministry for undertaking this noble task. We will reap the bountiful harvest of reconciliation and equity, when we sow the seeds of coexistence with a perceptive mind and an inclusive vision. Maithripala Sirisena President It should be our life pledge to uphold and build Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka equality among all citizens in our Motherland, iii Message from the Hon. Prime Minister As a nation committed to sustainable principles yet united on one strand as one nation, is therefore of social, economic, political and developmental a task that must be commendable indeed. mechanisms, the government has undertaken a commendable effort of nation building, one I am grateful to the Ministry of National that has been recognised by the international Coexistence, Dialogue and Oficial Languages community and feted globally for its capacity to for its commitment to this signiicant endeavour. include all Sri Lankans. All Sri Lankans, from school children to students of higher education, would beneit from a Our future lies in our indentity as a multi-religious, documentation such as this that outlines the multi-ethnic nation that recognizes the right of heritage of all Sri Lankans on an equal footing. all communities to exist in peace and harmony. It would also enable us to face the future with It is my wish that this would be the beginning of conidence and with a greater sense of awareness. a journey of self-discovery for a multi-diverse nation that Sri Lanka is. May it stir our hearts to We have the obligation to set the stage for a discover our distinctive legacy afresh. nation that acknowledges the heritage of all of its people ; the compilation of a research volume Ranil Wickremesinghe that includes the information pertaining to all Sri Prime Minister Lankans, depicting their uniqueness and diversity Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka v Message from the Hon. Minister I have a dream. It is the Srilankan Dream. ethnic and religious communities. We have to get the best out of all, blend and march forward as a “SRILANKAN, our identity; DIVERSITY, our nation and reach the world communities”. strength” is the dictum of my Srilankan dream. This dream demands that we Srilankans need to It’s our own wonderful very local statement of understand each other and recognize the diverse diversity. But somewhere along the road, we nature of our society to start building the Srilankan missed direction given by the father of the nation nation. and picked the line of isolation from each other’s ethnic, religious and linguistic identities in Sri Roger Ebert said that “Parents and schools should Lanka. We permitted our children to grow in an place great emphasis on the idea that it is all right environment that considered the diverse nature as to be different. Racism and all the other 'isms' rivalry and weakness. We also started looking at grow from primitive tribalism, the instinctive the world communities with annoyance. hostility against those of another tribe, race, religion, nationality, class or whatever. You are a Today, we have learned from our past mistakes. lucky child if your parents taught you to accept We consider our colorful diverse nature not as diversity”. Max de Pree said that “We need to give weakness but our great strength. We have started each other the space to grow, to be ourselves, to looking at the world communities as our friends exercise our diversity. We need to give each other and contributors to our successes. space so that we may both give and receive such beautiful things as ideas, openness, dignity, joy, This book is the formal beginning of the learning healing, and inclusion”. process of own diverse nature. As the minister of national coexistence dialogue and oficial Father of our nation prime minister D.S. languages, I am considering this endeavor as Senanayake, when addressing the nation on 1948 an act of dialogue between communities and February 10th from the independence square said identities of Sri Lanka, in-line with my mandate. that “our country is made of numerous linguistic, This is the irst time that a book of this kind is vii published gathering together social, cultural, economic and other information of all ethnic groups in Sri Lanka including the low-density ethnic groups as well. In publication of this book, my ministry worked with the motive of fulilling a national task and it will broaden the people’s understanding much needed for ensuring equality and mutual respect towards all communities living in the country. This book will also pave the way for conservation, appreciation and fostering of this diversity and giving the international community and understanding of the diverse communities living in Sri Lanka. I take this opportunity to express my heartfelt gratitude to all eminent writers, staff of my ministry, the UNDP-SELAJSI who provided the logistical support and all who dedicated themselves towards publication of this remarkable book. Mano Ganesan Minister of National Coexistence Dialogue and Oficial Languages Jan 25, 2017, Colombo Sri Lanka Ministry Ofice: #40 Buthgamuwa Road, Rajagriya Phone: +94112883719 Fax: +94112883690 Email: (Direct) [email protected] (Oficial) [email protected] Mobile: +94777312770 - Twitter: https://twitter. com/manoganesan viii Message from the Secretary It is with much pleasure the Ministry of National Government of Sri Lanka has not unattended or Co-existence, Dialogue & Oficial Languages neglected this particular responsibility. (MNCDOL) has launched “People of Sri Lanka” publication compiling highly informative articles I take this opportunity to commend the untiring encompassing many aspects of Sri Lankan Ethnic efforts of the editorial board of the Publication, groups, their identity, their contribution towards namely Professors Malani Endagama, national development and most importantly their S.Pathmanathan, Tudor Silva and Dr.B.A. binding enthusiasm for social integration and Hussainmiya for accomplishing this timely co-existence. needed task under the close supervision of former Secretary, Mr. Vajira Narampanawa. The publication is a testimony to the unreserved commitment and untiring efforts of the Hon. I also wish to recognize with sincere appreciation, Minister Mano Ganesan for fostering a culture the sponsors of the publication, the United of peaceful co-existence in all sections of the Sri Nations Development Programme’s (UNDP’s) Lankan society. With his visionary approach and – Strengthening Enforcement of Law Access to guidance this exercise became a success as the Justice and Social Integration (SELAJSI) Project. irst ever national effort in search of Sri Lankan ethnic groups and their diversity. My sincere thanks also go to the associations of the respective ethnic groups, oficials of the The recently released report of the UN Special MNCDOL for their valued inputs and support Rapporteur on minority issues on her mission to extended for making this publication a reality. Sri Lanka in January 2017 has referred to “lack of detailed information available regarding the Ranjith Uyangoda situation of smaller minorities”. This publication Secretary contains ample evidence that this fact does not Ministry of National Coexistence, fully relect the reality on the ground and that the Dialogue and Oficial Languages ix Content 01. Introduction 01 - 07 02. Foreword 09 - 09 03. The Sinhala Community 11 - 54 04. The Sri Lankan Tamil Community 55 - 81 05. The Muslim Community (Moors) 83 - 98 06. The Tamil Community of Recent Indian Origins 99 - 128 07. The Colombo Chettis 129 - 139 08. Sri Lankan Malayalam Community 141 - 154 09. The Malays of Sri Lanka 155 - 172 10. The Dutch Burghers of Sri Lanka 173 - 196 11. The Portugeese Burgers of Sri Lanka 197 - 212 12. The Chinese Community of Sri Lanka 213 - 224 13. The Memons of Sri Lanka 225 - 235 14. The Coast Veddas (Verdas) of Sri Lanka 237 - 245 15. Sri Lanka Bharatha Community 247 - 269 16. The Kafris of Sri Lanka 271 - 282 17. The Dawoodi Bohras of Sri Lanka 283 - 300 18. The Vedda Community of Sri Lanka 301 - 323 19. The Sindhi Community of Sri Lanka 325 - 329 20. The Sri Lankan Gypsy Community 331 - 355 21. The Parsis of Sri Lanka 357 - 364 22.
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