DOCSLIB.ORG

United Kingdom National State of the Art Report

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
United Kingdom National State of the Art Report European Co-operation in the Field of Scientific and Technical Research &267 +DELWDW)UDJPHQWDWLRQGXHWR7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ ,QIUDVWUXFWXUH United Kingdom National State of the Art Report European Commission Directorate General Transport The Highways Agency (HA) is the primary author of this report, which forms the UK contribution to the COST 341 Action. Tony Sangwine, as head of the Horticulture and Nature Conservation team within the Traffic, Safety and Environment Division of the HA has overseen its production as Project Manager. The document reports the State of the Art in the UK regarding Habitat Fragmentation due to Transport Infrastructure. It has been compiled following consultation with a wide range of statutory and non-governmental organisations, and written by Claire Hicks (HA Environmental Advisor and COST 341 Project Officer). As an Executive agency of the Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions (DETR), the HA is the UK lead participant in the COST 341 project, and is assisted by its research partner Penny Angold of the Department of Geography at The University of Birmingham. HA is responsible for the management, maintenance and improvement of the motorway and trunk road network in England. Accordingly, much of this report has been based upon the HAs specialist knowledge of the roads sector, and cites best practice and case studies predominantly relating to roads in England. However, during the research process, every effort has been made to obtain relevant information and examples from colleagues working in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, and from the railway and inland waterway sectors. /HJDOQRWLFH Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of the following information. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission. A great deal of additional information on COST Transport is available on the World Wide Web. It can be accessed through the CORDIS server at the following address: http://www.cordis.lu/cost-transport/home.html Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2000 ISBN xx-xxx-xxxx-x © European Communities 2000 Table of Contents 7DEOHRI&RQWHQWV Chapter 1. Introduction........................................................................................................ 7 Chapter 2. Key Ecological Concepts................................................................................... 8 Chapter 3. Effects of Infrastructure on Nature .................................................................... 9 Chapter 4. National context/European context ................................................................. 10 ,QWURGXFWLRQ %LRJHRJUDSKLFDOGHVFULSWLRQ 2YHUYLHZRIIUDJPHQWDWLRQ $GPLQLVWUDWLYHDQGOHJLVODWLYHIUDPHZRUN /DQGXVH SODQQLQJ LQ UHODWLRQ WR QDWXUH DQG ODQGVFDSH FRQVHUYDWLRQ DQG WUDQVSRUWLQIUDVWUXFWXUH 6XPPDU\ Chapter 5. Habitat Fragmentation due to Existing Transportation Infrastructure............. 37 ,QWURGXFWLRQ (XURSHDQWUDQVSRUWDWLRQQHWZRUNV 7UDQVSRUWDWLRQQHWZRUNV 5.3.1. Highways/motorways 41 5.3.2. Secondary road infrastructure 43 5.3.3. Railways 44 5.3.4. Waterways 47 (IIHFWVRIWKHH[LVWLQJWUDQVSRUWDWLRQQHWZRUNRQQDWXUH 5.4.1. Habitat loss 55 5.4.2. Corridor function 58 5.4.3. Disturbance 61 5.4.4. Fauna casualties 63 5.4.5. Barrier effect 67 5.4.6. Effects on populations 69 5.4.7. Overview of environmental bottlenecks 74 6HFRQGDU\HIIHFWVRIWUDQVSRUWLQIUDVWUXFWXUH 2QJRLQJUHVHDUFKDQGUHYLHZRIUHOHYDQWVWXGLHV 6XPPDU\ 3 Table of Contents Chapter 6. Traffic Safety in Relation to Fauna Casualties ................................................ 83 ,QWURGXFWLRQ *HQHUDOJXLGDQFHIRUUHGXFLQJGHHUURDGWUDIILFDFFLGHQWV Chapter 7. Avoidance, Mitigation, Compensation and Maintenance................................ 85 ,QWURGXFWLRQ $YRLGDQFHRIKDELWDWIUDJPHQWDWLRQ 2YHUYLHZRIPLWLJDWLRQPHDVXUHV 7.3.1. Fauna passages 107 2YHUYLHZRIFRPSHQVDWLRQPHDVXUHV 7.4.1. Habitat Creation 114 7.4.2. Habitat Translocation 115 7.4.3. Translocation of Protected Species 118 7.4.4. Habitat Enhancement 119 ([LVWLQJTXDOLW\VWDQGDUGVIRUPHDVXUHVMXVWLILFDWLRQPLQLPXPUHTXLUHPHQWV 7.5.1. Design Manual for Roads and Bridges 122 7.5.2. Standardising Design Measures 123 7.5.3. Technical Guidance 126 7.5.4. Government Guidance 127 0DLQWHQDQFHDVSHFWV 7.6.1. Verge management 132 7.6.2. Management of other surfaces 134 7.6.3. Coordinating land-use in adjacent areas 135 (YDOXDWLRQDQGPRQLWRULQJRIWKHHIIHFWLYLW\RIPHDVXUHV 7.7.1. Developing Best Practice 138 7.7.2. National Monitoring 140 6XPPDU\ Chapter 8. Habitat Fragmentation and Future Infrastructure Development.................... 143 ,QWURGXFWLRQ 3ROLFLHVDQGVWUDWHJLHVWUHQGV ,QGLFDWRUVLQGH[HVRIIUDJPHQWDWLRQ 0RGHOVWRSUHGLFWIUDJPHQWDWLRQE\QHZLQIUDVWUXFWXUHV 'DWDRQWUDQVSRUWDWLRQQHWZRUNVGHYHORSPHQW 2QJRLQJUHVHDUFKDQGUHYLHZRIUHOHYDQWVWXGLHV 4 Table of Contents 6XPPDU\ Chapter 9. Economic Aspects ......................................................................................... 179 ,QWURGXFWLRQ (QYLURQPHQWDO$FFRXQWLQJ 3ULRULWLVLQJ0LWLJDWLRQ Chapter 10.General Conclusions and Recommendations ................................................ 181 2YHUYLHZ %DVLF3ULQFLSOHVIRU%HWWHU0DQDJHPHQWRIWKH)UDJPHQDWLRQ(IIHFW 3RWHQWLDOIRU)XUWKHU,QYHVWLJDWLRQ Chapter 11.References...................................................................................................... 185 Annex I. Mapping......................................................................................................... 200 Annex II. Directory of Organisations and Competent Authorities ................................ 201 Annex III. Bibliography .................................................................................................. 202 Annex IV. Members of the COST 341 Management Committee ................................... 203 Annex V. COST 341 Memorandum of Understanding.................................................. 204 Annex VI. Technical Annex............................................................................................ 205 Annex VII. COST Transport Overview............................................................................ 211 5 Chapter 1 &KDSWHU ,QWURGXFWLRQ 7 Chapter 2 &KDSWHU .H\(FRORJLFDO&RQFHSWV 8 Chapter 3 &KDSWHU (IIHFWVRI,QIUDVWUXFWXUHRQ1DWXUH 9 Chapter 4 &KDSWHU 1DWLRQDOFRQWH[W(XURSHDQFRQWH[W ,1752'8&7,21 The United Kingdom (UK) of Great Britain and Northern Ireland covers an area of 244,100 km2 and consists of the four countries England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, each of which has a varying degree of autonomy. An island nation, the UK is situated in Northwest Europe, separated from the European Continent by the English Channel and the North Sea. The UK has a rolling landscape which is increasingly mountainous towards the north, with the Grampian Mountains in Scotland, Pennines in Northern England, and Cambrian Mountains in Wales (see Map 1: Topography (England and Wales) and Map 2: Topography (Northern Ireland)). The main natural inland waterways include the River Thames, Severn and Spey. Approximately 75% of the total UK land area is under agricultural uses, although the actual area fell by almost 300,000 hectares between 1985 and 1995. This decline has been mirrored by a similar increase in land used for non-arable purposes (see Map 3: Land Use (England and Wales) and Map 4: Land Use (Scotland)). 'HPRJUDSK\ Between 1971 and 1991 the UK population increased by 3% to 56.9 million (with increases of nearly 4% in England, 6% in Wales and 4% in Northern Ireland, and a decline in Scotland by 2%). By 1996 the estimated population of the UK was 58.8 million, accounting for 15.8%, or almost one sixth, of the population of the European Union. According to 1996 projections, the future trend is towards stabilised growth rates at around 0.22% per year, which equates to an increase by a further 5% between 1996 and 2031. Population is projected to increase in all the UK countries, except Scotland (Office for National Statistics, 1998). Despite the UK having one of the highest population densities in the world, its population is very unevenly distributed and only a quite small proportion of its land surface is heavily settled. Population density varies from over 3500 per km2 in London to less than 15 per km2 in the remotest parts of Scotland (see Map 5: Population Density (England and Wales), Map 6: Population Density (Scotland) and Map 7: Population Density (Northern Ireland)). This concentration of population in certain areas is a legacy of the industrial era and the associated rapid growth of large factory-based settlements, and of strict land-use planning policies designed to limit the outward spread of population from the largest built- up areas. Recent decades have seen some important changes in population distribution, reflecting changing residential preferences. The principal feature of regional population change has been the drift of population from North to South, and this has been accompanied by a shift from urban to rural regions. While the UK’s population is growing in overall size and continues to redistribute itself geographically, the most remarkable changes of the past few decades have been those relating to demographic structure. In particular, the population has been ageing, it has been 10 Chapter 4 getting more diverse in ethnic terms and it
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Rail Accident Report
    Rail Accident Report Penetration and obstruction of a tunnel between Old Street and Essex Road stations, London 8 March 2013 Report 03/2014 February 2014 This investigation was carried out in accordance with: l the Railway Safety Directive 2004/49/EC; l the Railways and Transport Safety Act 2003; and l the Railways (Accident Investigation and Reporting) Regulations 2005. © Crown copyright 2014 You may re-use this document/publication (not including departmental or agency logos) free of charge in any format or medium. You must re-use it accurately and not in a misleading context. The material must be acknowledged as Crown copyright and you must give the title of the source publication. Where we have identified any third party copyright material you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. This document/publication is also available at www.raib.gov.uk. Any enquiries about this publication should be sent to: RAIB Email: [email protected] The Wharf Telephone: 01332 253300 Stores Road Fax: 01332 253301 Derby UK Website: www.raib.gov.uk DE21 4BA This report is published by the Rail Accident Investigation Branch, Department for Transport. Penetration and obstruction of a tunnel between Old Street and Essex Road stations, London 8 March 2013 Contents Summary 5 Introduction 6 Preface 6 Key definitions 6 The incident 7 Summary of the incident 7 Context 7 Events preceding the incident 9 Events following the incident 11 Consequences of the incident 11 The investigation 12 Sources of evidence 12 Key facts and analysis
    [Show full text]
  • HA16 Rivers and Streams London's Rivers and Streams Resource
    HA16 Rivers and Streams Definition All free-flowing watercourses above the tidal limit London’s rivers and streams resource The total length of watercourses (not including those with a tidal influence) are provided in table 1a and 1b. These figures are based on catchment areas and do not include all watercourses or small watercourses such as drainage ditches. Table 1a: Catchment area and length of fresh water rivers and streams in SE London Watercourse name Length (km) Catchment area (km2) Hogsmill 9.9 73 Surbiton stream 6.0 Bonesgate stream 5.0 Horton stream 5.3 Greens lane stream 1.8 Ewel court stream 2.7 Hogsmill stream 0.5 Beverley Brook 14.3 64 Kingsmere stream 3.1 Penponds overflow 1.3 Queensmere stream 2.4 Keswick avenue ditch 1.2 Cannizaro park stream 1.7 Coombe Brook 1 Pyl Brook 5.3 East Pyl Brook 3.9 old pyl ditch 0.7 Merton ditch culvert 4.3 Grand drive ditch 0.5 Wandle 26.7 202 Wimbledon park stream 1.6 Railway ditch 1.1 Summerstown ditch 2.2 Graveney/ Norbury brook 9.5 Figgs marsh ditch 3.6 Bunces ditch 1.2 Pickle ditch 0.9 Morden Hall loop 2.5 Beddington corner branch 0.7 Beddington effluent ditch 1.6 Oily ditch 3.9 Cemetery ditch 2.8 Therapia ditch 0.9 Micham road new culvert 2.1 Station farm ditch 0.7 Ravenbourne 17.4 180 Quaggy (kyd Brook) 5.6 Quaggy hither green 1 Grove park ditch 0.5 Milk street ditch 0.3 Ravensbourne honor oak 1.9 Pool river 5.1 Chaffinch Brook 4.4 Spring Brook 1.6 The Beck 7.8 St James stream 2.8 Nursery stream 3.3 Konstamm ditch 0.4 River Cray 12.6 45 River Shuttle 6.4 Wincham Stream 5.6 Marsh Dykes
    [Show full text]
  • THE RIVER WANDLE the River Wandle Flows Through the London Boroughs of Croydon, Sutton, Merton and Wandsworth Where It Joins the River Thames
    WANDLE INDUSTRIAL MUSEUM EDUCATIONAL INFORMATION SHEET supporting KS 1/2 History & Geography: H KS2 - a study of..a site that is significant in the locality Gg KS1 – use basic geographical vocabulary to refer to rivers Gg KS2 – understand key aspects of … rivers THE RIVER WANDLE The River Wandle flows through the London Boroughs of Croydon, Sutton, Merton and Wandsworth where it joins the River Thames. It’s main sources are from chalk springs along the foothills of the North Downs around the Carshalton and Croydon areas, although several of these are now dried up. The existing spring sources can be found in Carshalton Ponds, Beddington Park, Waddon Ponds and more recently Wandle Park. The river flows for 19 kilometres (12 miles) falling 58 metres (136 feet) over its length. As a result it is fast flowing compared to neighbouring tributaries such as the Graveney, Norbury Brook and the Bourne streams. This made it very attractive to be used to drive water wheels. It is no surprise that in 1805 the Wandle was described as “the hardest worked river for its size in the world” due to the numerous water mills along it. It also had the reputation of being the best trout fishing river in the country, frequently used by Lord Nelson when visiting Merton. The origin of the name of the river is unclear. It is likely that Wandle, and that of Wandsworth, is derived from Saxon “Wendlesworth” meaning “Wendle’s settlement”. The charter of AD 693 called it the hlida burnon or highbourne meaning “loud stream”. The earliest reference to the current name is in 1586.
    [Show full text]
  • Major New Development Scheme in Bicester • Within 2 Miles
    Major new development scheme in Bicester Within 2 miles of Junction 9 of the London to Birmingham M40 motorway Outline planning consent for up to 520,000 sq ft of Distribution / Manufacturing/ Industrial /R & D and offices Buildings from 80,000 sq ft – 250,000 sq ft FOR SALE / TO LET WHITE COMMERCIAL SURVEYORS LTD Charter Court, 49 Castle Street Banbury, Oxfordshire, OX16 5NU 01295 271000 whitecommercial.co.uk LOCATION LEGAL COSTS Strategically located off Junction 9 of the M40, Bicester Each party is to be responsible for their own costs in this is a rapidly expanding Oxfordshire town that is transaction. Misrepresentation Act scheduled for substantial growth over the coming years. Bicester is readily accessed from both the M40 and A34 VIEWING & FURTHER INFORMATION and also has excellent links to Aylesbury, Thame and Viewing strictly by prior appointment with the joint agents: Buckingham. The M1 at Northampton can also be White Commercial Surveyors Ltd readily accessed via the M40/A43. Link 9 Bicester sits Chris White BSc, MRICS, MCI (Arb) approximately 5 miles from Junction 9 of the M40 and is [email protected] Tel: 01295 271000 readily accessed via the A41 and A4421 perimeter road. DESCRIPTION Colliers International LINK 9 Bicester provides an exciting new design and James Haestier / Len Rosso 020 7344 6610 / 020 7487 1765 build development opportunity. It is the only immediately [email protected] deliverable site in Bicester and the first large scheme in [email protected] the town for over 15 years. The site totals approximately 35.70 acres (14.45 hectares) and has outline planning VSL & Partners Tom Barton consent from Cherwell District Council (15/01012/OUT) 01865 848 488 for 520,000 sq ft (48,308 sq m) of employment floor [email protected] space (Class B1c, B2, B8 and ancillary B1a uses).
    [Show full text]
  • East West Rail Western Section Phase 2
    EAST WEST RAIL WESTERN SECTION PHASE 2 CONSULTATION INFORMATION DOCUMENT JUNE 2017 Document Reference 133735-PBR-REP-EEN-000026 Author Network Rail Date June 2017 Date of revision and June 2017 revision number 2.0 The Network Rail (East West Rail Western Section Phase 2) Order Consultation Information Document TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY..................................................................................... 1 2. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 2 2.1 Purpose of this consultation ...................................................................... 2 2.2 Structure of this consultation ..................................................................... 2 3. EAST WEST RAIL .............................................................................................. 4 3.1 Background ............................................................................................... 4 3.2 EWR Western Section ............................................................................... 5 4. EAST WEST RAIL WESTERN SECTION PHASE 2 .......................................... 8 4.1 Benefits ..................................................................................................... 8 4.2 Location ..................................................................................................... 8 4.3 Consenting considerations ...................................................................... 11 4.4 Interface with the High Speed
    [Show full text]
  • 160 Great Britain for Updates, Visit Wigan 27 28
    160 Great Britain For Updates, visit www.routex.com Wigan 27 28 Birkenhead Liverpool M62 36 Manchester Stockport M56 Mold Chester 35 Congleton Wrexham 59 M6 Shrewsbury 64 65 07 Wolverhampton Walsall West Bromwich Llandrindod Birmingham Wells Solihull M6 03 Coventry Warwick02 Carmarthen Hereford 01 51 60 Neath M5 Swansea 06 Pontypridd Bridgend Caerphilly Newport Cardiff M4 13 Barry Swindon M5 Bristol 61 14 Weston-super-Mare Kingswood 31 Bath 32 M4 05 Trowbridge 62 Newbury Taunton M5 20 Yeovil Winchester Exeter Southampton 55 Exmouth M27 Poole Lymington Bournemouth Plymouth Torbay Newport GB_Landkarte.indd 160 05.11.12 12:44 Great Britain 161 Wakefield 16 Huddersfield Hull Barnsley Doncaster Scunthorpe Grimsby Rotherham Sheffield M1 Louth 47M1 Heanor Derby Nottingham 48 24 Grantham 15 Loughborough 42 King's Leicester Lynn 39 40 Aylsham Peterborough Coventry Norwich GB 46 01 Warwick Huntingdon Thetford Lowestoft 45 M1 Northampton 02 43 44 Cambridge Milton Bedford Keynes Biggleswade Sawston 18 M40 19 Ipswich Luton Aylesbury Oxford Felixstowe Hertford 21 50 M25 M11 Chelmsford 61 30 53 52 Slough London Bracknell Southend-on-Sea Newbury Grays 54 Wokingham 29 Rochester Basingstoke 22 M3 Guildford M2 M25 Maidstone Winchester 23 M20 17 M27 Portsmouth Chichester Brighton La Manche Calais Newport A16 A26 Boulogne-sur-Mer GB_Landkarte.indd 161 05.11.12 12:44 162 Great Britain Forfar Perth Dundee 58 Stirling Alloa 34 Greenock M90 Dumbarton Kirkintilloch Dunfermline 57 Falkirk Glasgow Paisley Livingston Edinburgh Newton M8 Haddington Mearns 04 56 Dalkeith 26 Irvine Kilmarnock Ayr Hawick A74(M) 41 Dumfries 25 Morpeth Newcastle Carlisle Upon Whitley Bay 12Tyne 08 South Shields Gateshead 09 11 Durham 49 Redcar 33 Stockton-on-Tees M6 Middlesbrough 10 38 M6 A1(M) 37 Harrogate York 63 M65 Bradford Leeds Beverley M6 28 M62 Wakefield Wigan 16 27 Huddersfield Birkenhead Liverpool Manchester Barnsley M62 Scunthorpe 35 36Stockport Doncaster Rotherham Sheffield GB_Landkarte.indd 162 05.11.12 12:44 Great Britain 163 GPS Nr.
    [Show full text]
  • The Naturalist on the Thames
    - '* I I *.* Fox FLUSHING PHEASANTS. From a drawing by Lancelot Speed. THE NATURALIST ON THE THAMES F.Z.S. C. J. CORNISH, at the Author of "Wild England," "Life Zoo, "Animals of To-day? etc. WITH MANY ILLUSTRATIONS LONDON SEELEY AND CO. LIMITED RUSSELL STREET 38, GREAT 1902 " 1 11 * * *> : V s"-.** **. ; **i . 'PREFACE spent the greater part of my outdoor HAVINGlife in the Thames Valley, in the enjoyment of the varied interests of its natural history and sport, I have for many years hoped to publish the obser- vations contained in the following chapters. They have been written at different intervals of time, but always with a view to publication in the form of a commentary on the natural history and character of the valley as a whole, from the upper waters to the mouth. For permission to use those which have been previously printed I have to thank the editors and proprietors of the Spectator, Country Life, and the Badminton Magazine. C. J. CORNISH. ORFORD HOUSE, CHISWICK MALL. 357754 CONTENTS PAGE THE THAMES AT SINODUN HILL . .1 THE FILLING OF THE THAMES .... 5 THE SHELLS OF THE THAMES . .II THE ANTIQUITY OF RIVER PLANTS . l8 INSECTS OF THE THAMES . 25 "THE CHAVENDER OR CHUB" . 32 THE WORLD'S FIRST BUTTERFLIES . 3^ BUTTERFLY SLEEP . ..'." . '44 1 CRAYFISH AND TROUT . ...- *. 5 FOUNTAINS AND SPRINGS . '59 BIRD MIGRATION DOWN THE THAMES . 65 WITTENHAM WOOD * . /' '7 SPORT AT WITTENHAM .- . 77 SPORT AT WITTENHAM (continued) ._, . 83 A FEBRUARY FOX HUNT . 87 EWELME A HISTORICAL RELIC . 94 " EEL-TRAPS . 100 SHEEP, PLAIN AND COLOURED .
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity Climate Change Impacts Report Card Technical Paper 12. the Impact of Climate Change on Biological Phenology In
    Sparks Pheno logy Biodiversity Report Card paper 12 2015 Biodiversity Climate Change impacts report card technical paper 12. The impact of climate change on biological phenology in the UK Tim Sparks1 & Humphrey Crick2 1 Faculty of Engineering and Computing, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry, CV1 5FB 2 Natural England, Eastbrook, Shaftesbury Road, Cambridge, CB2 8DR Email: [email protected]; [email protected] 1 Sparks Pheno logy Biodiversity Report Card paper 12 2015 Executive summary Phenology can be described as the study of the timing of recurring natural events. The UK has a long history of phenological recording, particularly of first and last dates, but systematic national recording schemes are able to provide information on the distributions of events. The majority of data concern spring phenology, autumn phenology is relatively under-recorded. The UK is not usually water-limited in spring and therefore the major driver of the timing of life cycles (phenology) in the UK is temperature [H]. Phenological responses to temperature vary between species [H] but climate change remains the major driver of changed phenology [M]. For some species, other factors may also be important, such as soil biota, nutrients and daylength [M]. Wherever data is collected the majority of evidence suggests that spring events have advanced [H]. Thus, data show advances in the timing of bird spring migration [H], short distance migrants responding more than long-distance migrants [H], of egg laying in birds [H], in the flowering and leafing of plants[H] (although annual species may be more responsive than perennial species [L]), in the emergence dates of various invertebrates (butterflies [H], moths [M], aphids [H], dragonflies [M], hoverflies [L], carabid beetles [M]), in the migration [M] and breeding [M] of amphibians, in the fruiting of spring fungi [M], in freshwater fish migration [L] and spawning [L], in freshwater plankton [M], in the breeding activity among ruminant mammals [L] and the questing behaviour of ticks [L].
    [Show full text]
  • FIT Count Insect Guide
    Flower-Insect Timed Count: insect groups identification guide This guide has been developed to support the Flower-Insect Timed Count survey (FIT Count) that forms part of the UK Pollinator Monitoring Scheme (PoMS). Who is organising this project? The FIT Count is part of the Pollinator Monitoring Scheme (PoMS) within the UK Pollinator Monitoring and Research Partnership, co-ordinated by the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (CEH). It is jointly funded by Defra, the Welsh and Scottish Governments, JNCC and project partners, including CEH, the Bumblebee Conservation Trust, Butterfly Conservation, British Trust for Ornithology, Hymettus, the University of Reading and University of Leeds. PoMS aims to provide much-needed data on the state of the UK’s insect pollinators, especially wild bees and hoverflies, and the role they fulfil in supporting farming and wildlife. For further information about PoMS go to: www.ceh.ac.uk/pollinator-monitoring Defra project BE0125/ NEC06214: Establishing a UK Pollinator Monitoring and Research Partnership This document should be cited as: UK Pollinator Monitoring Scheme. 2019. Flower-Insect Timed Count: insect groups identification guide. Version 4. CEH Wallingford. Bee or wasp (Hymenoptera)? – 1 Honey Bee (family Apidae, species Apis mellifera) A social wasp (family Vespidae, genus Vespula) Photo © Bob Peterson/Wikimedia Commons Photo © Trounce/Wikimedia Commons most bees are more hairy than wasps at rest, wings are rolled up for some wasps (not all) Pollinator Monitoring Scheme: FIT Count FIT Scheme: Monitoring
    [Show full text]
  • Venue Id Venue Name Address 1 City Postcode Venue Type
    Venue_id Venue_name Address_1 City Postcode Venue_type 2012292 Plough 1 Lewis Street Aberaman CF44 6PY Retail - Pub 2011877 Conway Inn 52 Cardiff Street Aberdare CF44 7DG Retail - Pub 2006783 McDonald's - 902 Aberdare Gadlys Link Road ABERDARE CF44 7NT Retail - Fast Food 2009437 Rhoswenallt Inn Werfa Aberdare CF44 0YP Retail - Pub 2011896 Wetherspoons 6 High Street Aberdare CF44 7AA Retail - Pub 2009691 Archibald Simpson 5 Castle Street Aberdeen AB11 5BQ Retail - Pub 2003453 BAA - Aberdeen Aberdeen Airport Aberdeen AB21 7DU Transport - Small Airport 2009128 Britannia Hotel Malcolm Road Aberdeen AB21 9LN Retail - Pub 2014519 First Scot Rail - Aberdeen Guild St Aberdeen AB11 6LX Transport - Local rail station 2009345 Grays Inn Greenfern Road Aberdeen AB16 5PY Retail - Pub 2011456 Liquid Bridge Place Aberdeen AB11 6HZ Retail - Pub 2012139 Lloyds No.1 (Justice Mill) Justice Mill Aberdeen AB11 6DA Retail - Pub 2007205 McDonald's - 1341 Asda Aberdeen Garthdee Road Aberdeen AB10 7BA Retail - Fast Food 2006333 McDonald's - 398 Aberdeen 1 117 Union Street ABERDEEN AB11 6BH Retail - Fast Food 2006524 McDonald's - 618 Bucksburn Inverurie Road ABERDEEN AB21 9LZ Retail - Fast Food 2006561 McDonald's - 663 Bridge Of Don Broadfold Road ABERDEEN AB23 8EE Retail - Fast Food 2010111 Menzies Farburn Terrace Aberdeen AB21 7DW Retail - Pub 2007684 Triplekirks Schoolhill Aberdeen AB12 4RR Retail - Pub 2002538 Swallow Thainstone House Hotel Inverurie Aberdeenshire AB51 5NT Hotels - 4/5 Star Hotel with full coverage 2002546 Swallow Waterside Hotel Fraserburgh
    [Show full text]
  • Investment Programme 2 3
    TRANSPORT FOR THE Investment Programme 2 3 Introduction Developing the Investment Programme Transport for the North’s (TfN’s) Strategic Transport Plan sets out an ambitious vision for how transport can support transformational, inclusive growth in the This initial version of the Investment Programme builds North of England through to 2050. This accompanying Investment Programme on the strategic rail and road schemes previously comprises TfN’s advice to the Government on the long-term, multimodal priorities announced, and draws on the Integrated and Smart Travel programme, the Long Term Rail Strategy, the Strategic for enhanced pan-Northern connectivity. Outline Business Case for Northern Powerhouse Rail, the Major Road Network for the North, and the work done to date on the Strategic Development Corridors identified in the Strategic Transport Plan. It is important to consider future investments and decisions As with the Strategic Transport Plan, the Investment strategically, ensuring that infrastructure not only provides Programme has a horizon year of 2050, to align with the the basics for the economy, but also actively supports the Northern Powerhouse Independent Economic Review, long-term national interests. The Strategic Transport Plan and sets out TfN’s view of the appropriate pipeline of and this Investment Programme do just that, by ensuring investment in strategic transport to deliver those plans. that the North’s existing and future economic assets and This will enable TfN and its Partners to secure funding and clusters are better connected. delivery of the right schemes at the right time. The successful delivery of the Investment Programme will The Investment Programme aims to provide greater require continuous close working with TfN’s Constituent certainty for Local Transport and Highway Authorities Authority Partners, the national Delivery Partners (Highways to deliver complementary investment.
    [Show full text]
  • The Uk's Privatisation Experiment
    THE UK’S PRIVATISATION EXPERIMENT: THE P ASSAGE OF TIME PERMITS A SOBER ASSESSMENT DAVID PARKER CESIFO WORKING PAPER NO. 1126 CATEGORY 9: INDUSTRIAL ORGANISATION FEBRUARY 2004 PRESENTED AT CESIFO CONFERENCE ON PRIVATISATION EXPERIENCES IN THE EU NOVEMBER 2003 An electronic version of the paper may be downloaded • from the SSRN website: www.SSRN.com • from the CESifo website: www.CESifo.de CESifo Working Paper No. 1126 THE UK’S PRIVATISATION EXPERIMENT: THE PASSAGE OF TIME PERMITS A SOBER ASSESSMENT Abstract This chapter looks at the UK’s privatisation experiment, which began from the late 1970s. It considers the background to the UK’s privatisations, which industries were privatised and how, and summarises the results of studies of performance changes in privatised companies in the UK. It looks at the relative roles of competition, regulation and ownership changes in determining performance improvement. It concludes by looking at the wider lessons that might be learned from the UK’s privatisation experiment, including the importance of developing competitive markets and, in their absence, effective regulatory regimes. Keywords: UK, privatisation, competition regulation, lessons. JEL Classification: L33, H82, L51. David Parker Cranfield University School of Management Cranfield Bedfordshire MK43 0AL United Kingdom [email protected] Introduction The Labour Government of 1974-79 arranged the sale of some of the state’s shareholding in the petroleum company BP. However, this sale was dictated by budgetary pressures and did not reflect a belief within government that state industries should be privatised. Indeed, the same Labour Government took into state ownership two major industries, namely aerospace and shipbuilding.
    [Show full text]