Morphology and Function of the Feeding Apparatus of the Lungfish, Lepidosiren Paradoxa (Dipnoi)

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Morphology and Function of the Feeding Apparatus of the Lungfish, Lepidosiren Paradoxa (Dipnoi) JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY 187:81-108 (1986) Morphology and Function of the Feeding Apparatus of the Lungfish, Lepidosiren paradoxa (Dipnoi) W. E. BEMIS AND GEORGE V. LAUDER Department of Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois ABSTRACT The feeding mechanism of the South American lungfish, Lep idosiren paradoxa retains many primitive teleostome characteristics. In partic- ular, the process of initial prey capture shares four salient functional features with other primitive vertebrates: 1) prey capture by suction feeding, 2) cranial elevation at the cranio-vertebral joint during the mouth opening phase of the strike, 3) the hyoid apparatus plays a major role in mediating expansion of the oral cavity and is one biomechanical pathway involved in depressing the mandible, and 4)peak hyoid excursion occurs after maximum gape is achieved. Lepidosiren also possesses four key morphological and functional specializa- tions of the feeding mechanism: 1) tooth plates, 2) an enlarged cranial rib serving as a site for the origin of muscles depressing the hyoid apparatus, 3) a depressor mandibulae muscle, apparently not homologous to that of amphibi- ans, and 4) a complex sequence of manipulation and chewing of prey in the oral cavity prior to swallowing. The depressor madibulae is always active during mouth opening, in contrast to some previous suggestions. Chewing cycles include alternating adduction and transport phases. Between each adduction, food may be transported in or out of the buccal cavity to position it between the tooth plates. The depressor mandibulae muscle is active in a double-burst pattern during chewing, with the larger second burst serving to open the mouth during prey transport. Swallowing is characterized by prolonged activity in the hyoid constrictor musculature and the geniotho- racicus. Lepidosiren uses hydraulic transport achieved by movements of the hyoid apparatus to position prey within the oral cavity. This function is analagous to that of the tongue in many tetrapods. A key event in the evolution of land verte- more distant outgroup (Schultze and Trueb, brates from fishes was the transition from '81), lungfshes are the closest living out- aquatic suction feeding to terrestrial feeding group of tetrapods, Latimeria probably being with the tongue and jaws. This transition more distantly related to tetrapods than pre- involved numerous major changes in the viously supposed (Miles, '77; Wiley, '79; Ro- feeding mechanism, such as the evolution of sen et al., '81). As such, dipnoans are in a novel mechanisms for acquiring food, han- unique position to offer insight into the evo- dling it in the oral cavity, and swallowing lution of tetrapod feeding systems. At the the processed food (Bramble and Wake, '85). same time, members of the radiation of lung- Although much has been written about the fishes, distinct from its first appearance in fish--amphibiantransition, little information the lower Devonian, have diverged exten- exists on the feeding mechanics of the Dipnoi sively from the common primitive body plan or lungfshes, one of the most important liv- that lungfishes and tetrapods shared. The ing groups relevant to the origin of terres- extant lungfishes are in some respects poor trial feeding (Thomson, '69). The phylogen- models of phylogenetically primitive lung- etic position of lungfishes makes this group critical to our understanding of vertebrate Dr. Bemis' present address is Department of Zoology, Univer- evolution. Whether lungfishes are regarded sity of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003-0027. as the sister group of tetrapods (Rosen et al., Dr. Lauder's present address is Department of Developmental '81) or whether they are considered to be a and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine CA 92717. 0 1986 ALAN R. LISS, INC. 82 W.E. BEMIS AND G.V. LAUDER fishes. We know this, because their excellent mammalian mastication. A final goal of this fossil record documents extensive morpholog- paper will thus be to discuss some of these ical change during their evolution (Bemis, convergent features, particularly the lingual '84b). For example, early in their history, transport system typically used by tetrapods lungfishes exhibited much evolutionary div- and the hydraulic transport system used by ersification and specialization in the feeding lungfkhes. apparatus, and two distinct groups-one with specialized tooth plates and the other show- MATERIALS AND METHODS ing periodic growth and shedding of denti- Animals and diet cles-can be recognized (Campbell and Bar- Nine individual Lepidosiren paradoxa ob- wick, '83). tained from commercial dealers were avail- In this paper, we provide the first cinema- able for this study. The five specimens used tographic and electromyographicstudy of the for experiments ranged in size from 15 cm feeding system of any dipnoan. The subject total length (TL) to 20 cm TL. Individuals of our study is the South American lungfish, were housed in 20-liter aquaria held at ap- Lepidosiren paradoxa. Lepidosiren and the proximately 26 degrees C. Animals were closely related African lungfishes, Protopte trained to feed readily on pieces of earth- rus spp., are members of a clade that is dis- worm (Lumbricus).A special training period tinct in many respects from the Australian to accustom the animals to feeding under the lungfish, Neoceratodus. Thomson ('69) pro- bright movie lights began one month prior to vided a general discussion of dipnoan food the start of filming. Individuals were starved and feeding systems, and concluded that the for up to two weeks prior to either filming manner of feeding in all three genera is sim- sessions or electromyographic studies. Large ilar. In the only detailed examination of the African lungfish, Protopterus aethwpicus, are feeding mechanics of living lungfishes, Per- known to feed extensively on molluscs, al- kins ('72) based conclusions about muscle though smaller individuals consume a diver- function solely on dissections. Most research sity of both hard and soft bodied inverte- on the functional morphology of lungfishes brates (Corbet, '61). Sparse ecological data has focused on respiration and circulation, available for Lepidosiren is inconclusive con- such as the electromyography of respiration cerning dietary specialization, though it in Protopterus (McMahon, '691, cineradiogra- seems likely that they are opportunistic om- phy of air breathing in Lepidosiren (Bishop nivores. Carter and Beadle ('30) maintained and Foxon, '68), and functional anatomy and young specimens on a diet of earthworms, physiology of lungfish hearts and circulatory prepared (presumably shell-less) snails, and systems (e.g., Johansen and Hanson, '68). plant material. They considered plant mate- The major goal of our study was to describe rial to be especially important, and stated and analyze the feeding of Lepidosiren and that only a few potential prey items-worms, use this information to identify anatomical insects, and insect larvae-were available in and functional features of the feeding system the water where the fish were taken. On the that are primitive to dipnoans. These primi- other hand, Lankester (1896),citing the field tive features are then compared to those observations of Bohls, stated that Lepidosi- previously identified in the feeding systems ren feeds chiefly on the hard-shelled snail of other lower vertebrates (e.g., ray-finned Ampullaria, and that plant material may be fishes, coelacanths, and salamanders). Com- ingested by accident. parison allows us to recognize which features of the vertebrate feeding mechanism are A natorny phylogenetically common to all of these lin- Gross morphological features of the feeding eages, which features are common to tetra- apparatus (osteology, arthrology, and myol- pods and lungfishes, and which are special- ogy) were examined by dissection using a izations limited to the Dipnoi. A second goal Zeiss IVb dissecting microscope. A camera was to provide a detailed functional analysis lucida attachment was used to prepare the of the tooth plates, which are the major spe- figures from dissected specimens and cleared cialization of the feeding mechanism of ex- and stained specimens. Three individuals tant lungfkhes. Unlike the vast majority of were cleared and stained (for both cartilage fishes, lungfishes process food items using a and bone) following procedures modified from marginally placed dental apparatus, with Wassersug ('76) and Dingerkus and Uhler movements that are broadly convergent to ('77). In addition, prepared skeletons were FEEDING MECHANICS OF LUNGFISH 83 used to examine osteological details. Both both the lower jaw and the hyoid apparatus. dry and cleared and stained material was It was measured as the perpendicular dis- also available for Protopterus. tance from a line drawn between the hyoid The serially sectioned head of a single in- and the lower lip to the most indented point dividual prepared for an earlier study (Be- on the lower jaw between the two end points. mis, ’84a) was available for analysis. Briefly, Together, these two measurements provide a this specimen was fixed in 5% neutral buf€- qualitative estimate of both the length and ered formalin, embedded in low viscosity ni- strength of the adduction phase of chewing. trocellulose (type RS 1/2, Hercules Inc., To aid in interpreting electromyographic Wilmington, Delaware), and serially cross recordings, simultaneous video recordings sectioned at 30 pm. Most sections were were made of feeding behavior. A Panasonic stained with Ehrlich’s
Recommended publications
  • Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-17944-8 — Evolution And
    Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-17944-8 — Evolution and Development of Fishes Edited by Zerina Johanson , Charlie Underwood , Martha Richter Index More Information Index abaxial muscle,33 Alizarin red, 110 arandaspids, 5, 61–62 abdominal muscles, 212 Alizarin red S whole mount staining, 127 Arandaspis, 5, 61, 69, 147 ability to repair fractures, 129 Allenypterus, 253 arcocentra, 192 Acanthodes, 14, 79, 83, 89–90, 104, 105–107, allometric growth, 129 Arctic char, 130 123, 152, 152, 156, 213, 221, 226 alveolar bone, 134 arcualia, 4, 49, 115, 146, 191, 206 Acanthodians, 3, 7, 13–15, 18, 23, 29, 63–65, Alx, 36, 47 areolar calcification, 114 68–69, 75, 79, 82, 84, 87–89, 91, 99, 102, Amdeh Formation, 61 areolar cartilage, 192 104–106, 114, 123, 148–149, 152–153, ameloblasts, 134 areolar mineralisation, 113 156, 160, 189, 192, 195, 198–199, 207, Amia, 154, 185, 190, 193, 258 Areyongalepis,7,64–65 213, 217–218, 220 ammocoete, 30, 40, 51, 56–57, 176, 206, 208, Argentina, 60–61, 67 Acanthodiformes, 14, 68 218 armoured agnathans, 150 Acanthodii, 152 amphiaspids, 5, 27 Arthrodira, 12, 24, 26, 28, 74, 82–84, 86, 194, Acanthomorpha, 20 amphibians, 1, 20, 150, 172, 180–182, 245, 248, 209, 222 Acanthostega, 22, 155–156, 255–258, 260 255–256 arthrodires, 7, 11–13, 22, 28, 71–72, 74–75, Acanthothoraci, 24, 74, 83 amphioxus, 49, 54–55, 124, 145, 155, 157, 159, 80–84, 152, 192, 207, 209, 212–213, 215, Acanthothoracida, 11 206, 224, 243–244, 249–250 219–220 acanthothoracids, 7, 12, 74, 81–82, 211, 215, Amphioxus, 120 Ascl,36 219 Amphystylic, 148 Asiaceratodus,21
    [Show full text]
  • Identifying Heterogeneity in Rates of Morphological Evolution: Discrete Character Change in the Evolution of Lungfish (Sarcopterygii; Dipnoi)
    ORIGINAL ARTICLE doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01460.x IDENTIFYING HETEROGENEITY IN RATES OF MORPHOLOGICAL EVOLUTION: DISCRETE CHARACTER CHANGE IN THE EVOLUTION OF LUNGFISH (SARCOPTERYGII; DIPNOI) Graeme T. Lloyd,1,2 Steve C. Wang,3 and Stephen L. Brusatte4,5 1Department of Palaeontology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom 2E-mail: [email protected] 3Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania 19081 4Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, New York 10024 5Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10025 Received February 9, 2010 Accepted August 15, 2011 Data Archived: Dryad: doi:10.5061/dryad.pg46f Quantifying rates of morphological evolution is important in many macroevolutionary studies, and critical when assessing possible adaptive radiations and episodes of punctuated equilibrium in the fossil record. However, studies of morphological rates of change have lagged behind those on taxonomic diversification, and most authors have focused on continuous characters and quantifying patterns of morphological rates over time. Here, we provide a phylogenetic approach, using discrete characters and three statistical tests to determine points on a cladogram (branches or entire clades) that are characterized by significantly high or low rates of change. These methods include a randomization approach that identifies branches with significantly high rates and likelihood ratio tests that pinpoint either branches or clades that have significantly higher or lower rates than the pooled rate of the remainder of the tree. As a test case for these methods, we analyze a discrete character dataset of lungfish, which have long been regarded as “living fossils” due to an apparent slowdown in rates since the Devonian.
    [Show full text]
  • New Locality for Lepidosiren Paradoxa (Fitzinger, 1837)(Dipnoi
    13 3 the journal of 2118 biodiversity data 20 May 2017 Check List NOTES ON GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION Check List 13(3): 2118, 20 May 2017 https://doi.org/10.15560/13.3.2118 ISSN 1809-127X © 2017 Check List and Authors New locality for Lepidosiren paradoxa (Fitzinger, 1837) (Dipnoi: Lepidosirenidae) in Argentina Evelyn Romina Vallone Laboratorio de Paleontología de Vertebrados, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción (CICyTTP-CONICET), Materi y España, 3105 Diamante, ER, Argentina E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. This study documents a new locality of the lungfish was caught by a local fisherman in shallow waters (depth of Lepidosiren paradoxa on the coast of the Entre Rios Province approximately 3 m) in a coastal area of the locality of Gen- in the lower Paraná River. This finding represents the third eral Alvear, Entre Ríos Province, Argentina (31°55ʹ27.60ʺ S, southern record of this species on southern of South America. 060°39ʹ45.52ʺ W) (Fig. 1). After collection, the specimen was Additionally, as this region has been relatively well sampled frozen and transported to the laboratory for identification. The both during past decades and currently, I discuss possible specimen was identified according to diagnosis of Ringuelet reasons why this new specimen has been observed only et al. (1967) then deposited in the Fish Collection of the Labo- recently. ratorio de Vertebrados, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Key words. South American lungfish; Entre Ríos; Paraná River Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción (CICyTTP-V-18, Diamante, Entre Ríos, Argentina). The description follows the anatomical nomenclature proposed by Ringuelet et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Morphology, Phylogeny, and Evolution of Diadectidae (Cotylosauria: Diadectomorpha)
    Morphology, Phylogeny, and Evolution of Diadectidae (Cotylosauria: Diadectomorpha) by Richard Kissel A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy Graduate Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto © Copyright by Richard Kissel 2010 Morphology, Phylogeny, and Evolution of Diadectidae (Cotylosauria: Diadectomorpha) Richard Kissel Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto 2010 Abstract Based on dental, cranial, and postcranial anatomy, members of the Permo-Carboniferous clade Diadectidae are generally regarded as the earliest tetrapods capable of processing high-fiber plant material; presented here is a review of diadectid morphology, phylogeny, taxonomy, and paleozoogeography. Phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly of Diadectidae within Diadectomorpha, the sister-group to Amniota, with Limnoscelis as the sister-taxon to Tseajaia + Diadectidae. Analysis of diadectid interrelationships of all known taxa for which adequate specimens and information are known—the first of its kind conducted—positions Ambedus pusillus as the sister-taxon to all other forms, with Diadectes sanmiguelensis, Orobates pabsti, Desmatodon hesperis, Diadectes absitus, and (Diadectes sideropelicus + Diadectes tenuitectes + Diasparactus zenos) representing progressively more derived taxa in a series of nested clades. In light of these results, it is recommended herein that the species Diadectes sanmiguelensis be referred to the new genus
    [Show full text]
  • Geological Survey of Ohio
    GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF OHIO. VOL. I.—PART II. PALÆONTOLOGY. SECTION II. DESCRIPTIONS OF FOSSIL FISHES. BY J. S. NEWBERRY. Digital version copyrighted ©2012 by Don Chesnut. THE CLASSIFICATION AND GEOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION OF OUR FOSSIL FISHES. So little is generally known in regard to American fossil fishes, that I have thought the notes which I now give upon some of them would be more interesting and intelligible if those into whose hands they will fall could have a more comprehensive view of this branch of palæontology than they afford. I shall therefore preface the descriptions which follow with a few words on the geological distribution of our Palæozoic fishes, and on the relations which they sustain to fossil forms found in other countries, and to living fishes. This seems the more necessary, as no summary of what is known of our fossil fishes has ever been given, and the literature of the subject is so scattered through scientific journals and the proceedings of learned societies, as to be practically inaccessible to most of those who will be readers of this report. I. THE ZOOLOGICAL RELATIONS OF OUR FOSSIL FISHES. To the common observer, the class of Fishes seems to be well defined and quite distin ct from all the other groups o f vertebrate animals; but the comparative anatomist finds in certain unusual and aberrant forms peculiarities of structure which link the Fishes to the Invertebrates below and Amphibians above, in such a way as to render it difficult, if not impossible, to draw the lines sharply between these great groups.
    [Show full text]
  • Gondwana Vertebrate Faunas of India: Their Diversity and Intercontinental Relationships
    438 Article 438 by Saswati Bandyopadhyay1* and Sanghamitra Ray2 Gondwana Vertebrate Faunas of India: Their Diversity and Intercontinental Relationships 1Geological Studies Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B. T. Road, Kolkata 700108, India; email: [email protected] 2Department of Geology and Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India; email: [email protected] *Corresponding author (Received : 23/12/2018; Revised accepted : 11/09/2019) https://doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/2020/020028 The twelve Gondwanan stratigraphic horizons of many extant lineages, producing highly diverse terrestrial vertebrates India have yielded varied vertebrate fossils. The oldest in the vacant niches created throughout the world due to the end- Permian extinction event. Diapsids diversified rapidly by the Middle fossil record is the Endothiodon-dominated multitaxic Triassic in to many communities of continental tetrapods, whereas Kundaram fauna, which correlates the Kundaram the non-mammalian synapsids became a minor components for the Formation with several other coeval Late Permian remainder of the Mesozoic Era. The Gondwana basins of peninsular horizons of South Africa, Zambia, Tanzania, India (Fig. 1A) aptly exemplify the diverse vertebrate faunas found Mozambique, Malawi, Madagascar and Brazil. The from the Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic. During the last few decades much emphasis was given on explorations and excavations of Permian-Triassic transition in India is marked by vertebrate fossils in these basins which have yielded many new fossil distinct taxonomic shift and faunal characteristics and vertebrates, significant both in numbers and diversity of genera, and represented by small-sized holdover fauna of the providing information on their taphonomy, taxonomy, phylogeny, Early Triassic Panchet and Kamthi fauna.
    [Show full text]
  • The Fishesof Uganda-I
    1'0 of the Pare (tagu vaIley.': __ THE FISHES OF UGANDA-I uku-BujukUf , high peaks' By P. H. GREENWOOD Fons Nilus'" East African Fisheries Research Organization ~xplorersof' . ;ton, Fresh_ CHAPTER I I\.bruzzi,Dr: knowledge : INTRODUCTION ~ss to it, the ,THE fishes of Uganda have been subject to considerable study. Apart from .h to take it many purely descriptive studies of the fishes themselves, three reports have . been published which deal with the ecology of the lakes in relation to fish and , fisheries (Worthington (1929a, 1932b): Graham (1929)).Much of the literature is scattered in various scientific journals, dating back to the early part of the ; century and is difficult to obtain iIi Uganda. The more recent reports also are out of print and virtually unobtainable. The purpose .of this present survey is to bring together the results of these many researches and to present, in the light of recent unpublished information, an account of the taxonomy and biology of the many fish species which are to be found in the lakes and rivers of Uganda. Particular attention has been paid to the provision of keys, so that most of the fishesmay be easily identified. It is hardly necessary to emphasize that our knowledge of the East African freshwater fishes is still in an early and exploratory stage of development. Much that has been written is known to be over-generalized, as conclusions were inevitably drawn from few and scattered observations or specimens. From the outset it must be stressed that the sections of this paper dealing with the classification and description of the fishes are in no sense a full tax- onomicrevision although many of the descriptions are based on larger samples than were previously available.
    [Show full text]
  • Protopterus Annectens (OWEN) in IDAH AREA of RIVER NIGER, NIGERIA
    Animal Research International (2010) 7(3): 1264 – 1266 1264 LENGTH-WEIGHT RELATIONSHIP AND CONDITION FACTOR OF Protopterus annectens (OWEN) IN IDAH AREA OF RIVER NIGER, NIGERIA ADEYEMI, Samuel Olusegun Department of Biological Sciences, Kogi State University, PMB 1008, Anyigba Email: [email protected] Phone: +234 8062221968 ABSTRACT A total of 62 samples of Protopterus annectens (Owen) were examined for this study from Idah area of River Niger between August and November 2008. The length-weight relationship calculated for species gave a b-value of 2.55 which is indicative of negative allometric growth. It attained a length of 59cm and weight of 397g. The condition factor varied from 0.23 to 0.76 with a mean of 0.39+0.08 and showed that the fish was well and in good environment for growth and survival. Keywords: Protopterus annectens, Allometric growth, Survival, Length-weight relationship, Condition INTRODUCTION factor of P. annectens in order to aid its management in the river. Fish found in tropical and sub-tropical water system experience frequency growth MATERIALS AND METHODS fluctuations due to changes in food composition, environmental variables and spawning Study Area: The study area is Idah area of conditions among others. Length-weight and River Niger in Idah Local Government Area of length-length relationships can be used to asses Kogi State, Nigeria. The river extends from the influence of these factors in fish. Kulbicki et Lokoja via Ajaokuta, Itobe to Idah. The river is al. (1993) and King (1996) reported that fish located on latitude 7007N and longitude 6044E. growth, mean weight at a given body length of The water temperature range between 220C and fish and the relative wellbeing in fish can be 310C, Idah has a tropical savannah climate with known through this relationship.
    [Show full text]
  • A Redescription of the Lungfish Eoctenodus Hills 1929, with Reassessment of Other Australian Records of the Genus Dipterns Sedgwick & Murchison 1828
    Ree. West. Aust. Mus. 1987, 13 (2): 297-314 A redescription of the lungfish Eoctenodus Hills 1929, with reassessment of other Australian records of the genus Dipterns Sedgwick & Murchison 1828. J.A. Long* Abstract Eoctenodus microsoma Hills 1929 (= Dipterus microsoma Hills, 1931) from the Frasnian Blue Range Formation, near Taggerty, Victoria, is found to be a valid genus, differing from Dipterus, and other dipnoans, by the shape of the parasphenoid and toothplates. The upper jaw toothp1ates and entopterygoids, parasphenoid, c1eithrum, anoc1eithrum and scales of Eoctenodus are described. Eoctenodus may represent the earliest member of the Ctenodontidae. Dipterus cf. D. digitatus. from the Late Devonian Gneudna Formation, Western Australia (Seddon, 1969), is assigned to Chirodipterus australis Miles 1977; and Dipterus sp. from the Late Devonian of Gingham Gap, New South Wales (Hills, 1936) is thought to be con­ generic with a dipnoan of similar age from the Hunter Siltstone, New South Wales. This form differs from Dipterus in the shape of the parasphenoid. The genus Dipterus appears to be restricted to the Middle-Upper Devonian of Europe, North America and the USSR (Laurasia). Introduction Although Hills (1929) recognised a new dipnoan, Eoctenodus microsoma, in the Late Devonian fish remains from the Blue Range Formation, near Taggerty, he later (Hills 1931) altered the generic status of this species after a study trip to Britain in which D,M.S. Watson pointed out similarities between the Australian form and the British genus Dipterus Sedgwick and Murchison 1828. Studies of the head of Dipterus by Westoll (1949) and White (1965) showed the structure of the palate and, in particular, the shape of the parasphenoid which differs from that in the Taggerty dipnoan.
    [Show full text]
  • Ceratodus Tunuensis, Sp. Nov., a New Lungfish (Sarcopterygii, Dipnoi) from the Upper Triassic of Central East Greenland
    Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology ISSN: 0272-4634 (Print) 1937-2809 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ujvp20 Ceratodus tunuensis, sp. nov., a new lungfish (Sarcopterygii, Dipnoi) from the Upper Triassic of central East Greenland Federico L. Agnolin, Octávio Mateus, Jesper Milàn, Marco Marzola, Oliver Wings, Jan Schulz Adolfssen & Lars B. Clemmensen To cite this article: Federico L. Agnolin, Octávio Mateus, Jesper Milàn, Marco Marzola, Oliver Wings, Jan Schulz Adolfssen & Lars B. Clemmensen (2018) Ceratodus tunuensis, sp. nov., a new lungfish (Sarcopterygii, Dipnoi) from the Upper Triassic of central East Greenland, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 38:2, e1439834, DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2018.1439834 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2018.1439834 Published online: 12 Apr 2018. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 58 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=ujvp20 Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology e1439834 (6 pages) Ó by the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2018.1439834 ARTICLE CERATODUS TUNUENSIS, SP. NOV., A NEW LUNGFISH (SARCOPTERYGII, DIPNOI) FROM THE UPPER TRIASSIC OF CENTRAL EAST GREENLAND FEDERICO L. AGNOLIN,1,2 OCTAVIO MATEUS, *,3,4 JESPER MILAN, 5,6 MARCO MARZOLA, 3,4,7,8 OLIVER WINGS,9 JAN SCHULZ ADOLFSSEN,10 and LARS B. CLEMMENSEN 7 1Laboratorio de Anatomıa Comparada y Evolucion de los Vertebrados, Museo Argentino de
    [Show full text]
  • Abstract Book JMIH 2011
    Abstract Book JMIH 2011 Abstracts for the 2011 Joint Meeting of Ichthyologists & Herpetologists AES – American Elasmobranch Society ASIH - American Society of Ichthyologists & Herpetologists HL – Herpetologists’ League NIA – Neotropical Ichthyological Association SSAR – Society for the Study of Amphibians & Reptiles Minneapolis, Minnesota 6-11 July 2011 Edited by Martha L. Crump & Maureen A. Donnelly 0165 Fish Biogeography & Phylogeography, Symphony III, Saturday 9 July 2011 Amanda Ackiss1, Shinta Pardede2, Eric Crandall3, Paul Barber4, Kent Carpenter1 1Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA, 2Wildlife Conservation Society, Jakarta, Java, Indonesia, 3Fisheries Ecology Division; Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA, USA, 4University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA Corroborated Phylogeographic Breaks Across the Coral Triangle: Population Structure in the Redbelly Fusilier, Caesio cuning The redbelly yellowtail fusilier, Caesio cuning, has a tropical Indo-West Pacific range that straddles the Coral Triangle, a region of dynamic geological history and the highest marine biodiversity on the planet. Caesio cuning is a reef-associated artisanal fishery, making it an ideal species for assessing regional patterns of gene flow for evidence of speciation mechanisms as well as for regional management purposes. We evaluated the genetic population structure of Caesio cuning using a 382bp segment of the mitochondrial control region amplified from over 620 fish sampled from 33 localities across the Philippines and Indonesia. Phylogeographic
    [Show full text]
  • A Lungfish Survivor of the End-Devonian Extinction and an Early Carboniferous Dipnoan
    1 A Lungfish survivor of the end-Devonian extinction and an Early Carboniferous dipnoan 2 radiation. 3 4 Tom J. Challands1*, Timothy R. Smithson,2 Jennifer A. Clack2, Carys E. Bennett3, John E. A. 5 Marshall4, Sarah M. Wallace-Johnson5, Henrietta Hill2 6 7 1School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Grant Institute, James Hutton Road, Edinburgh, 8 EH9 3FE, UK. email: [email protected]; tel: +44 (0) 131 650 4849 9 10 2University Museum of Zoology Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. 11 12 3Department of Geology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK. 13 14 4School of Ocean & Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, 15 European Way, University Road, Southampton, SO14 3ZH , UK. 16 17 5Sedgwick Museum, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing St., 18 Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK 1 19 Abstract 20 21 Until recently the immediate aftermath of the Hangenberg event of the Famennian Stage (Upper 22 Devonian) was considered to have decimated sarcopterygian groups, including lungfish, with only 23 two taxa, Occludus romeri and Sagenodus spp., being unequivocally recorded from rocks of 24 Tournaisian age (Mississippian, Early Carboniferous). Recent discoveries of numerous 25 morphologically diverse lungfish tooth plates from southern Scotland and northern England indicate 26 that at least ten dipnoan taxa existed during the earliest Carboniferous. Of these taxa, only two, 27 Xylognathus and Ballgadus, preserve cranial and post-cranial skeletal elements that are yet to be 28 described. Here we present a description of the skull of a new genus and species of lungfish, 29 Limanichthys fraseri gen.
    [Show full text]