© 2016-17 ENVIS CENTRE SIKKIM Forests, Environment & Wildlife Management Department, Government of Sikkim Any part of the publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical or otherwise, provided that the same is duly cited. All efforts have been made to make the information shown as accurate as possible. PANDA Editorial Board ENVIS SIKKIM Newsletter Dr. Thomas Chandy, IFS Principal Secretary –cum- PCCF Volume No 9 Issue No. 4 [2016-17] Registration No. 61685/93 Mr. C. S. Rao, IFS 2016-17 publication ISSN 2320-3943 CCF (HQ/ T) ENVIRONMENTAL INITIATIVES OF THE PANDA is a newsletter published by ENVIS Centre, Mr. B. B. Gurung, Forests, Environment & Wildlife Management STATE GOVERNMENT (1994-2016) Addl. Director(Planning/ Env. & SC) Department, Government of Sikkim. This newsletter is aimed at disseminating environment, Compilation & Design: Published by: forest and wildlife information among the public Mr. Rajen Pradhan, Forests, Environment & Wildlife at large and is also envisaged to serve as a medium Sr. Programme Officer (ENVIS) Management Department to communication among foresters and others Government of Sikkim engaged in nature conservation in the State. Free ENVIS team sincerely thanks the resource and voluntary contributions for publication in the persons and well wishers for their contribution newsletter may be sent to ENVIS Centre. in this issue. Electronic version available online ENVIS CENTRE SIKKIM in ENVIS Sikkim website Print @ CONCEPT, 0353-2640132 On Status of Environment & its Related Issues http://www.sikenvis.nic.in Forest Secretariat B - Block, Room No.B-101, Ground Floor Quarterly Newsletters of 2016-17 Forests, Environment & Wildlife Management Department, Government of Sikkim, Deorali -737102, Gangtok Email us at: [email protected] Visit us at : www.sikenvis.nic.in

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ENVIS TEAM Coordinator Mr. B. B. Gurung, Addl. Director of Forests Apr-Jun Vol. 9, Issue 1 Jul-Sep Vol. 9, Issue 2 Oct-Dec Vol. 9, Issue 3 (Planning/ Environment & Soil Conservation) Theme: Environment Event Theme: Biodiversity and Theme:Cleanliness and Sr. Programme Officer Special Wildlife Special Hygiene Special Mr. Rajen Pradhan ENVIS Centre SikkimOn Status of Environment Information Officer publishes newsletter on quarterly basis with Mr. Laxuman Darnal the support from the Ministry of Environment, Forests& Climate Change, Government of India. IT Assistant The fourth quarter publication is a special annual Ms.Renu Gurung edition titled “PANDA”which is published with the Data Entry Operator extended support from the Forests, Environment Ms. Tulsha Gurung & Wildlife Management Department, Government of Sikkim.

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Cover photo: Charmaney at Dzongri, Khangchendzonga National Park, West Sikkim ENVIS PUBLICATION 2016-17 Photo courtesy: Nagendra Rizal, Range Officer (KNP) West EDITORIAL MESSAGE FROM THE EDITOR

The past one year has seen some encouraging accolades society in Sikkim has also worked hand in hand with for the green initiatives of the State. The most important the Government to make the State towns and cities of these was the award of the prestigious Sustainable clean and green. The Swachhta awards spur us to keep Development Leadership Award to the Honourable on acting responsibly to negate the adverse effects of Chief Minister Shri Pawan Chamling by The Energy tourism in our State. and Resources Institute New Delhi. The award is a In this edition of PANDA, the annual news magazine, testimony to all the environment-friendly actions taken we let the readers explore the natural, cultural, by the State Government under the visionary guidance scientific and economic opportunities this small State of its Chief Minister. It has been an iconic reward for offers. The year 2017 being the UN international year the exemplary green policies being followed by the of Sustainable Tourism for Development, this edition State during the last two decades. also intends to explore and promote the potential The inscription of the Khangchendzonga National Park ecotourism zones of the State. The exciting stories of by UNESCO as a mixed criteria World Heritage Site high altitude treks for education, scientific explorations is a monumental achievement by the State in the field and recreation, I hope will attract awareness amongst of conservation. While the new-found status of the the readers and fellow enthusiasts. National Park confers on it a prominence that it deserves, Hope you will find this edition interesting and enjoy it also poses fresh challenges to its maintenance as one reading it! of India’s most pristine high altitude ecologically rich wildlife habitats. All stakeholders should come forward to contribute positive action and even make small sacrifices if need be to preserve this status of KNP. Dr. Thomas Chandy, IFS Other awards to the state for cleanliness under the Principal Secretary -cum- PCCF Swachhta Abhiyan are also an indication of the pro- Forests, Environment & Wildlife Management Department environment activities of the State Government. Civil Government of Sikkim

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Yartsa Gunbu Photo by: B. M. Limboo, Field Staff, KNP, West Sikkim

Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 1 nside PANDA Vol. 9 Issue 4 2016-17 ISSN 2320-3943 R e g i s t r a ti o n N o . 6 1 6 8 5 / 9 3 W H A T ’ S M O R E ….. page-wise

• World Heritage Site – Khangchendzonga National 4 Park

• Yartsa Gunbu Commercialization in Sikkim – Issues 8 and Challenges World Heritage Site – Khangchendzonga National Park • Phoenix rupicola T. Anders in Sikkim – A Race 14 India’s first mixed Against Time criteria world heritage site • A Trek to Panch Pokhari (Five Lakes) in South 16 4 Sikkim Yartsa Gunbu Commercialization in Sikkim • Occurrence Record of Rhododendron 21 Issues and Challenges hypenanthum (Ericaceae) in Eastern Alpines of Sikkim, India 8

A Trek to Panch Pokhari • Story of Gum Tree Eucalyptus Sp. (Myrtaceae) in 22 (Five Lakes) in South Sikkim Sikkim

• Report on Morphological Change seen in Lady 25 16 Amherst’s Pheasant Female at Himalayan The Lhonak Lake Zoological Park, Bulbuley Expedition 2016 • Rescue and Rehabilitation of Hodgson’s Flying 27 33 Squirrel in Chongey, East Sikkim The Green Story: Sonam Choda Lepcha Memorial • Sikkim’s only Living Fossil Tree: A Potential 30 Government Secondary School, Heritage Tree Cycas pectinata Lingdong, North Sikkim 40 • The Lhonak Lake Expedition 2016 33 Barsey Rhododendron Sanctuary Rice Biological Diversity in West Sikkim, India • Cleanliness drive in Shingba Rhododendron 38 Sanctuary 44 Nature Trek to • Green Schools Programme 2016-17: National 39 Phoktay Dara, Awards to Sikkim Schools for Green Actions West Sikkim 52 • The Green Story: Sonam Choda Lepcha Memorial 40 Government Secondary School, Lingdong, North Visit our Website for the electronic [PDF] copy: Sikkim www.sikenvis.nic.in

2 Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 An ENVIS SIKKIM Publication On Status of Environment & Related Issues Forests, Environment & Wildlife Management Department, Government of Sikkim

W H A T ’ S M O R E ….. page-wise

• Stakeholder’s Consultation Workshop held for the 43 preparation of State of Environment Report Sikkim 2016

• Barsey Rhododendron Sanctuary: Rich Biological 44 Diversity in West Sikkim, India

• Nature Trek to Phoktay Dara, West Sikkim 52

• Conclave on Innovation and Progress of 54 Ecotourism in Sikkim

• The Customary Annual Sikkim Flower Show 54 Competition 2017

• Ecotourism Zones in Sikkim 55

Snow Partridge (Lerwa lerwa) at Dzongri, KNP, West Sikkim Photo by Shri Dal Bahadur Limboo, Chowkidar

Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 3 World Heritage Site - Khangchendzonga National Park

hangchendzonga National Park (KNP) is situated in North and West Districts of Natural Values of KNP Sikkim and includes the world’s third highest K KNP has an area of 178,400 hectares and covers peak, Mt. Khangchendzonga. KNP has an extremely impressive altitudinal range: a vertical sweep of 7,366 approximately 25% of the entire State. KNP was meters (m) across an elevation range of 1,220 m to declared in 1977 and its area was more than doubled 8,586 m above sea level (asl) within a relatively small in 1997 by the State Government to protect an area of area. The Himalayas are narrowest here resulting in spectacular peaks, glaciers and rugged alpine terrain extremely steep terrain which magnifies the distinction in the Indian part of the Eastern Himalayas. The 1997 between the various eco-zones which characterise the extension broadened the range of ecosystems covered area. As a consequence, KNP contains a remarkable and increased the impressive altitudinal gradient. range of Eastern Himalaya landscapes and wildlife India’s highest peak, Khangchendzonga, at 8,586 m from sub-tropical to alpine to Trans- Himalayan (Cold asl, literally stands out within the protected area which Desert) within a small geographical area. Culturally, boasts of 20 peaks above 6,000 m. the visually prominent the National Park is significant as it is considered Khangchendzonga Massif is actually comprised of to be the core of the sacred hidden land or “beyul” five major peaks, which culturally stand for the five which was blessed by Guru Padmasambhava. Mount treasures salt, gold, turquoise, arms and (combined) Khangchendzonga itself is revered as it is regarded as medicine and seeds. The massif literally named the the guarding deity of all Sikkimese people. “Abode of the Gods”, has exceptional symbolical, cultural, religious and spiritual significance for many On account of these natural and cultural features, ethnic peoples and religious beliefs across and beyond Khangchendzonga National Park was declared as a the Himalayas. World Heritage Site in July 2016 based on both natural and cultural criteria (or mixed criteria), India’s first Numerous lakes and glaciers, including the 26 km long mixed criteria World Heritage Site. Zemu Glacier dot the barren high altitudes. The glaciers 4 Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 feed important rivers, creeks and wetlands within the seven major watersheds of the KNP. The park boasts of an unusually diverse flora and fauna with many rare and endangered species, some of them endemic. The different altitudinal zones provide habitat for markedly distinct faunal and floral assemblages. Eleven broad vegetation types have been identified, each confined to specific elevation ranges and topographic niches and each with corresponding faunal assemblages. Recent camera trapping confirms that the mammal species encompass numerous rare and endangered species and probably the full array of naturally occurring predators. Asiatic Black Bear (VU) and at least four canines, including the elusive Asiatic Wild Dog (EN) and the Tibetan Wolf (CR) have recently been confirmed. The Snow Leopard (EN) is the flagship species of KNP, one of the three leopard species and six confirmed (possibly eight) cat species found within KNP. The charismatic Red Panda (EN) is the State Animal of Sikkim and is likewise found in the lower altitude forests of KNP, its buffer zone and nearby protected areas. Among the insects, butterflies are extremely abundant in Sikkim State which is home to an estimated 46% of India’s butterfly species. Sikkim boasts of up to 650 species. KNP coincides with an Important Bird Area (IBA) and is part of Endemic Bird Area (EBA). Among the most conspicuous bird species are the many large birds of prey, several species of Old World Vultures and numerous pheasants (LC). The Lhonak Valley is a Trans-Himalayan grassland, which is partially included in KNP and the only known breeding site of the Blacknecked or Tibetan Crane (VU) in the Eastern Himalayas as well as an important stopover for migratory water birds. KNP’s grandeur is undeniable and the Khangchendzonga Massif and other peaks and landscape features are revered across several cultures and religions. While not the highest mountain in the world, Khangchendzonga is nevertheless a peak with one of the most spectacular mountain ranges globally. The combination of extremely high and rugged mountains covered by intact old-growth forests up to the unusually high timberline further adds to the exceptional landscape beauty. KNP was legally declared in 1977 and extended in 1997. The park is the equivalent of an IUCN Category II protected area and is strongly protected under India’s national Wildlife (Protection) Act which includes elements of both area-based and species based conservation and both are applicable to KNP. Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 5 The Cultural Significance of KNP

The core of the cultural significance of the property itinerary through the main Buddhist monasteries and revolves around the notion of beyul or ‘hidden land’. notable natural features mentioned in sacred texts. This concept is linked to the narrative on Guru This particular Buddhist ritual is interwoven with Padmasambhava or Guru Rinpoche or Second Buddha, Lepcha rites, carried out by two shamans (bungthings) who visited Sikkim in the 8th century and sanctified the at the same time as Pang Lhabsol is performed – one whole region naming it beyul or ‘sacred hidden land’, in Northern and the other in Southern Sikkim. These a paradise on earth. No boundaries were defined but rituals have been performed for over three centuries and the beyul was divided into Highlands, Midlands and along with the texts wherein they are described have Lowlands with Khangchendzonga sitting like a king on played a crucial role in shaping Sikkimese identity and a throne, presiding over and protecting the upper region their relationship with the environment. of the beyul. Tangible natural elements conveying the association Around the concept of beyul a number of religious with nature and making intelligible the sacred texts and rituals have been elaborated. An important geography of the nominated property include lakes, ritual associated with Khangchendzonga and the caves, sacred rocks and sacred peaks. Conversely, man- other guardian deities is the Pang Lhabsol, which was made elements of the links between humans and the consolidated by the King of Sikkim in the 17th -18th natural environment are the monasteries, the chortens, century and is still performed annually. It includes an and the ruins of royal palaces. 6 Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 Steps taken by the Steps taken by the Government to preserve the Government to preserve the biodiversity and ecosystems of cultural significance of the the KNP: KNP: Mobile pastoralism has been a central element of The Government of Sikkim has taken several steps to the traditional local livelihood systems in Sikkim, preserve the cultural significance of the KNP. In 2001, including what is today KNP, both in the form of the State Government of Sikkim issued Notification transhumance and nomadism. The Government of No 70/ Home/2001 listing sacred peaks, caves, rocks, Sikkim banned open grazing in 1998 in both protected lakes, chortens and hot-springs as “most sacred areas and reserved forests, plantations and near water Buddhist places of worship in Sikkim and protected sources and embarked on stricter enforcement. Cattle them under the provision of the Places of Worship sheds have since been removed from KNP. (Special Provision) Act, 1991” which was extended to Sikkim in July 1991. Trekking use is supported by pack animals resulting in some localized grazing impacts but generally the KNP Noticeable Government initiatives have been to is free from any major signs of overgrazing. A ban on maintain Pang Lhabsol and other Buddhist ritual the commercial exploitation of medicinal plants and celebrations as state holidays as in the days of the aromatic plants used for incense was imposed in 2001 kingdom (which were declared holidays during the and continues even today. time of the kingdom), making it easier for people to attend and participate. An important state contribution Hunting and trapping of birds and mammals has long towards the preservation of cultural values and religious been a part of traditional livelihood systems, both for history has been the introduction of vernacular classes food and medicinal purposes. It is today categorically in all government schools in the 1980s. banned, i.e., considered as poaching.

The Hon’ble Chief Minister of Sikkim Shri Pawan Chamling being conferred the prestigious “Sustainable Development Leadership Award 2016”’ by the Hon’ble President of India Shri Pranab Mukherjee during the World Sustainable Development Summit organized by TERI at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi on October 06, 2016.

Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 7 Article This article is in continuation of the article “Yartsa gunbu commercialization: A learning lesson from Bhutan” PART -III published by the author in PANDA Vol 8

Yartsa Gunbu Commercialization in Sikkim

Dedication: To the foresters who dedicate their lives in conserving our invaluable biodiversity and are always engulfed by the challenges, but never give up. Yartsa Gunbu Commercialization in Sikkim Issues and Challenges Dr. Bharat Kumar Pradhan, Sikkim Biodiversity Board, FEWMD

artsa Gunbu (Ophiocordyceps natural populations. Approximately and as a result of which Cordyceps sinensis) or the “Himalayan 400 – 500 kg of Yartsa Gunbu is sinensis (Yartsa Gunbu / Vegetative Gold” is inextricably linked trafficked from India to Nepal, Caterpillar) Collection and Selling Y to the medicinal and aromatic annually.1 Rules 2009 came into existence. The plant trade in East Asia and has said rule bestowed the authority to In the context of illegal trade the JFMCs / EDCs of the concerned been highly prized for centuries. of Yartsa Gunbu, Sikkim is no It constituted a US$3.6 billion area to harvest Yartsa Gunbu under exception as evident from the industry in 1994; its price increased their jurisdiction; however, with seizure of almost 17 kg of Yartsa the conditions that 1) the resource >1000% between 1997 and 2012 Gunbu in July 2008 from three shall be disposed of through from US$700 to US$130,000 per kg international poachers. This government organized auctions, in the international market. In India, incident compelled the government and 2) the amount collected, after its price is increasing at the rate of to legalise its sustainable harvesting deducting the expenditure incurred 15 – 20% every year. The increasing 1 for disposal, shall be shared on awareness about the monetary Pradhan BK. 2016. Caterpillar Mushroom, Ophiocordyceps sinenesis (Ascomycetes): a 25:75 percent basis between the value of Yartsa Gunbu has resulted potential bioresource for commercialization government and the JFMCs / EDCs. in increase in its illegal extraction, in Sikkim Himalaya, India. International Nevertheless, due to some or the thereby dwindling its existing Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms 18(4): other reason, the rule could not be 337-346.

8 Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 implemented successfully in the state and the illegal trade of Yartsa Gunbu continued. With time, it was realised to have guidelines for effective implementation of the said rules because the rule is not sufficient on its own as it did not include the most important aspect, i.e., the Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) provision clearly defined in the Indian Biological Diversity Act 2002 and Yartsa Gunbu is such important bio- resources having high potential of having ABS agreement in the state. This led to notification of Yartsa Gunbu (Ophiocordyceps sinensis) Harvesting and Auctioning Guidelines 2016 vide notification no. 11/GOS/FEWMD/Pr. Secy – PCCF dated 12.04.2016 which duly takes into account the various clauses of the Rule 2009 as well as ABS provision of the national Act. In addition, the guidelines also talks in detail about stepwise processes of obtaining collection permits, harvesting and auctioning. Auction organized at Mangan, North Sikkim Prior to practical implementation collectors did not turn up in the on wholesale rate while the seller of the guidelines, maximum efforts auction and they sold their resources wanted to sell his material on per were made to reach out to the local people through massive awareness to the underground agent prior to piece basis”. On the other hand, programmes. Simultaneously, the auction, the reason being 1) the long- the national buyers put forth the prospective buyers / companies time gap between the collection and security reason for not being able from within as well as outside the the auction; 2) lack of patience of to participate in the auction even state were intimated regarding the the collectors; 3) lack of confidence though they showed enthusiasm in initiative of the government in and trust on the government; 4) the acquiring the resource, for which legalising the trade of Yartsa Gunbu fear of decaying of their collected some did visit Gangtok couple of in the state, through various possible material, etc. Similar was the case times, post auction. During the means. with the buyers who also did not turn course, even though, the buyer up; there could be many reasons, offered the seller much higher price Lachen and Lachung (north Sikkim) the most important being to avoid (Rs. 150 per piece) than he actually were selected for the trial and the from getting exposed, perhaps of quoted (Rs. 80 per piece) and also Yartsa Gunbu collection permits their long time earlier involvement assured to pay all the necessary were issued to 100 individuals in the illegal trade of Yartsa Gunbu, charges to the government on his (50 each) on the basis of the lists especially the local dealers. At the behalf, the negotiation could not provided by the respective Dzumsa. same time, Yartsa Gunbu, which happen due to obstinate behaviour Accordingly, an auction was was brought for auction could not of the seller, “the buyer had limited organized at Mangan (north district be sold out because the buyer and requirement and the seller wanted headquarter) during the month of the seller were unable to negotiate, him to lift the whole lot”. Due to August 2016; however, 99% of the “the buyer wanted to lift the lot the negotiation problem, legally

Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 9 Yartsa Gunbu in the field collected material ultimately went to them, the illegitimate traders buy non – resident collectors are much illegal underground market and the the unprocessed / half processed involved in collection of Yartsa department were not able to collect resources from the collectors on per Gunbu who tends to spend long time revenue either from the collectors piece basis and make the payment at the collection site and indulge in or the buyers. Conversely, the state on the spot so they need not worry other illegal activities. However, lost an opportunity of having first about their resources getting waste they conveyed that the Dzumsas are ABS agreement signed which could due to decaying. They further taking every effort to prevent the have been a success story in respect stated that they do not remain in the intrusion of non – resident poachers to Yartsa Gunbu trade, and Sikkim collection site continuously for long to the high lands and imposes heavy could have emerged as 2nd model time, rather they prefer frequent penalties on them and anyone who visit (on weekly basis) during the violates their customary law. During state after Bhutan. collection season. Hence, they the discussion, they brought out the As revealed from open conversation desired that the department take issues of involvement of army porters with local people, they believe their collected material, as and when and the GREF (General Reserve in doing instant business and are they brings, and process through Engineering Force) labourers in the not worried about the payment auction at their own leisure time illegal collection of Yartsa Gunbu but are more worried about their and pay them for their resources and expressed their helplessness collected material that may decay after deducting all the necessary to check such poaching incidence. due to improper processing and charges / royalties. In addition, they The snatching away of the collected storage method. According to disclosed that in most of the cases, material by the defence personal

10 Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 also came to light during the open discussion. An informal interaction with the field defence personal during an awareness programme in eastern Sikkim revealed that the higher authority places a demand for Yartsa Gunbu to them. Since they cannot identify it themselves, they take the help of the local people in its collection and in the process, the local indulges themselves in over extracting the resource and supplying it to the traders on the other side of the border at meagre price. Very recently (10.05.2017), I got an opportunity to interact personally with one of the broker (identity undisclosed) in Gangtok who Awareness Programme being conducted at Mangan, North Sikkim has been dealing with the Yartsa ongoing illegal trade of high valued The contracting parties (196 Gunbu since 2012. He revealed resources from Sikkim. countries including India) have that in Sikkim very few people obligations to follow the guidelines deals with it directly and majority It is apparent that there are many of CBD and respect and protect of them plays a role of broker who issues associated with the Yartsa the traditional knowledge of the facilitates the trade of Yartsa Gunbu Gunbu in Sikkim. At this juncture, it local communities and encourage between the sellers and the buyers is important to identify and prioritize customary use of biological on commission basis. He unveiled the problems and frame clear cut resources in accordance with that most of the collectors hand over strategies to deal with it. The local traditional cultural practices. Target their collections to local middleman communities in the high altitude 18 under Strategic Goal E of Aichi who sells the material to the buyers areas have been playing major role Biodiversity targets also aims to through brokers and pays them back in the conservation of biodiversity ensure that traditional knowledge after deducting all the commission. since time immemorial, through is respected, which quotes as “By He disclosed that during 2013, the their age old customary law. They 2020, the traditional knowledge, seller was forced to dispose of his have hundreds of years of experience innovations and practices of material at the rate of Rs. 9 per piece in managing the resources; however, indigenous and local communities because there was no one to buy the abrupt enforcement of stringent relevant for the conservation and the material from him; the buyer conservation policies dwindle sustainable use of biodiversity, and sold the same material to the richer their confidence and trust on the their customary use of biological section of people in Sikkim at the government and also threatened resources, are respected, subject to rate of Rs. 50 per piece. Another their existing traditional practices. national legislation and relevant stunning story narrated by him was international obligations, and fully that almost 7 kg of Yartsa Gunbu Conversely, for protecting the traditional knowledge system of integrated and reflected in the was wasted some years back as the implementation of the Convention buyer supposedly from Nepal was the tribes, which form the basis for the modern development, with the full and effective involved in gambling. During the participation of indigenous and course, the material got decayed debates and conventions are taking place globally. Even the Article local communities, at all relevant in the hotel room due to improper levels”. processing, drying and storage. He 8(j) and 10(c) of United Nation also revealed that at many times, Convention on Biological Diversity Though Yartsa Gunbu harvesting is the seized material goes unrecorded 1992 recognizes the traditional not a part of the traditional culture knowledge of the indigenous and and are sold / supplied within or of the local communities in Sikkim outside Sikkim. He made several local communities and their rights other revelations regarding the over the customary use of biological 2United Nation. 1992. Convention on resources.2 Biological Diversity. Total pages 30.

Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 11 but legalising its collection and 9. Arrange high level meeting with people. trade is an effort of the government the defense and GREF personal towards respecting their access to convey the involvement In regard to Yartsa Gunbu, at the right to the resources as well as of their porters and labours current date, it is clear that the local helping them get better price for in illegal poaching of Yartsa communities in Sikkim truly wants their resources by minimizing Gunbu as well as bothering the the government’s intervention and guidance because now they the role of middle man. On the local collectors; have realised that without the other hand, the local communities 10. Facilitate the field personal for help of the government they are should also respect the conservation carrying out regular patrolling not going to get the real price for policies of the government and in high altitude areas; their materials; however, they are assure their cooperation in its 11. Arrange exposure visit for not able to come forward and put successful implementation in the the community members, forth their submission. At the same state. They must understand that collectors, field officials, etc. time, dealing with the various the government has the ultimate issues related to Yartsa Gunbu is a authority to allow or forbid the 12. Organize auction at the central great challenge for the authority; resource extraction and has the right location so that the buyers do not nonetheless, legalising the trade to collect revenue for the state, as have to waste time to undergo of Yartsa Gunbu in Sikkim has they deemed fit. Nonetheless, there unnecessary formalities; been well acknowledged by the are few things the FEWMD needs 13. Keep track of the people local communities and this would to ensure for getting support of local visiting high altitude forest certainly help the government regain communities in regard to Yartsa areas during Yartsa Gunbu the confidence and trust of local collection season; etc. Gunbu trade in Sikkim and also for communities which will eventually attracting maximum buyers, such 14. Arrange direct table talk with help in successful implementation as: the brokers / dealers; etc. of the other conservation polices in 1. Reach out to the public as much Sikkim, being a part of the Eastern the future, with their participation. as possible; Himalayan Biodiversity Hotspot, is Nevertheless, it is important that blessed with rich biodiversity having stakeholders at all the level must 2. Maximum awareness cooperate and assure help to the generation from grassroots lot of ABS potential; however, we government in all possible ways for level to the bureaucratic and are not able to take benefit from it the sake of our future generation as political level; due to our over protection policies which, itself has emerged as a well as for the conservation of our 3. Involve local communities in challenge because it is threatening precious biodiversity. decision making; the existence of our precious bio- Acknowledgements 4. Make the system easy, resources and the long conserved approachable and affordable; associated traditional knowledge I am thankful to Honourable system in addition to causing Minister of Forest Shri Tshering 5. Develop linkage with the several other problems. However, perspective buyers; Wangdi Lepcha, Principal Secretary the people outside the State are not cum PCCF Dr. Thomas Chandy 6. Facilitate direct conversation bound by our stringent policies, and Conservator of Forest Shri hence, they are making real benefit between sellers and the YP Gurung for their continuous from our resources by exploiting perspective buyers which motivation and support. I am our local communities. Further, would enable them to negotiate indebted to all the local people local communities in other countries on the price in open forum; of Lachen, Lachung, Dzongu and / state are making substantial 7. Develop corpus fund for paying Serethang and also the unidentified income through bio-resource based the seed money to the collectors entrepreneurship which has greatly broker for sharing their views, for their resources; help the government in dealing experience and knowledge during 8. Coordinate with Police and with the increasing unemployment my interaction with them. I would the administration for ensuring situation. Hence, it is high time that like to thank the field officials and security of the perspective we relook to our existing policies the staffs of the FEWMD for their buyers, at least up to nearest and make necessary amendments unconditional support. airport as done in Nepal; for the benefit of the state and its Author: [email protected] 12 Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 Yartsa Gunbu brought in auction Phoenix rupicola T. Anders.in Sikkim: a race against time

L. K. Rai *

Fig 1. Phoenix rupicola habitat (27°09′10″N–88°21′35″E)

ith just 7 surviving individuals in Sikkim from its ashes every time it dies, but in this particular the Cliff Date Palm (Phoenix rupicola) case things are not running as per the mythical script. is positively heading for one quick case The first marked finding in the above stand is that new Wof extinction if organized conservation is not met growth are not coming up in the last few years which effectively and very soon. All these plants are located is making the regeneration scenario of this plant a real in a single group at a point (340m amsl) on a rocky concern. Seeds are produced in considerable amount inclination corresponding to 70-80o, sometimes during late autumn but a large part of the dispersal fall reaching straight up to 90o. The epithet rupicola is directly into the stream below (River Tista) to be carried attributed to those elements that grow upon rocky away downstream to places where it has no scope for germination or establishment. surfaces or over the rocky cliffs (L. rupicola= of the rocks) which the palm follows unfailingly every time This palm is recorded from the Darjeeling hills, and it might be that growing on unassailable part of the Sikkim, Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh (exhibiting its cliff is the only reason that it is surviving now. Phoenix, east-west spread) and therefore considered as endemic to the Eastern Himalaya. However, wherever it is found as is commonly known, is a mythical bird which rises these are recorded always as growing in small numbers

14 Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 Fig 2. Close up of Fig 1 which show that these palms are comparatively fewer The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (http:// and therefore rare in Nature. This palm is one of the dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T386 few pinnate-leaved palms in India (14 species) of 29A10140589.en) has listed the plant at Lower Risk/ which only about 3 species are found growing in the Near Threatened category (in its Ver. 2.3, 1998) but foothills or sub-montane region of the country always this status is not concomitant to Sikkim condition. choosing its habitat which is close to the stream. The Following the criterion of AOO as prescribed under the above palm grove in Sikkim is found growing not IUCN threatened criteria this palm in Sikkim should further than a mere 30 m from the stream banks but the rightfully belong to the Critically Endangered (CR) distance being a vertical one the river never reaches it status. The IUCN criteria for selection of threatened to inflict any serious damage. species are largely based on a holistic purview but as things stand this may not be applicable to the prevailing There is no information available on its reproductive condition in Sikkim. biology, growth and development mechanism as well as ecological processes, especially with regard The status of Phoenix rupicola is not at “Lower Risk/ Near Threatened” category in Sikkim and therefore to its sustenance ecology. Compounding to this is local initiatives becomes important before it takes a the sad fact that this palm is dioecious (male and straight jump from this to the Extinct (E) category. This female flowers on different plants) which becomes also brings in the case of “Think Global, Act Local” a determining factor to its reproductive potential. and whatever may be the situation worldwide, local This is to say that in real life situation the loss of a initiatives must come up first for resource conservation. male or female individual from a group of plants Unless this happens the species in question cannot will practically turn the stand into a sterile relic. be saved. Figuratively speaking, and particularly for the moment, the Cliff Date Palm in Sikkim is really Considering the existing situation (7 individuals hanging at the cliff edge of survival. and no regeneration) the palm is in danger of disappearance very soon if recovery measures are * Author: GB Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment & Sustainable Development, Sikkim Unit, Email: lalitkumar_rai@re- not put into place while there is time. diffmail.com

Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 15 A Trek to Panch Pokhari (Five Lakes) in South Sikkim

Nevertheless, there are many more trekking destinations in the State which are unexplored and lie hidden from the rest of the world. These are indeed not much walked by people and are trekked by only few.

ikkim with an area of 7096 sq km has enriched natural resources. The state is Srich in flora and fauna and falls under Eastern Himalayan Hotspot for biodiversity. The forest and tree covers 47.80% and recorded forest land as 82.31% of the total Palzor Ongda Bhutia, SFS geographical area of the State. DFO (Env. & SC), South [email protected]

16 Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 Magnificent Panch Pokhari (Five Lakes) surrounded by mountain ranges. Sikkim has most captivating places by people and are trekked by only ‘Pokhari’ means Lakes, meaning and treks within the forest areas and few. Alike, one of such unexplored ‘Five Lakes’. The place is situated attracts nature lovers and trekkers trek is ‘Trek to Panch Pokhari’ in at 4318msl and derives its name from around the world. There South Sikkim. from its five lakes making it a high are as such many established and altitude trekking destination. It well known trekking routes within The trek to Panch Pokhari is 5-6 days (to & fro) walk from the falls within Reserve Forest and is Sikkim which has been yearly administered by South Division. walked and enjoyed by trekkers. base camp at Phamtam, a small village in South Sikkim connected The five mesmerizing fresh water Nevertheless, there are many by vehicle road from Rabongla natural lakes surrounded by snow- more trekking destinations in the town. The trek can be rated as capped mountains and connected State which are unexplored and lie 3/5 stars in terms of trekking by different forest zones have hidden from the rest of the world. difficulty for an average trekker. gracefully placed it for a nature These are indeed not much walked The word ‘Panch’ means five and lover to trek. Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 17 Trekking Season The best season for trekking is August- October and April- May. The latter is usually done to witness the flowering of rhododendron species and other seasonal Himalayan flowers includingRheum nobile along the trek route to Panch Pokhari. The other months i.e. Nov – Feb are not advised for trekking as the entire place is covered by snows making it difficult to trek. The trek starts from Phamtam Village and makes a trekker to pass through vast and enriched Reserve Forests and Maenam Wildlife Sanctuary, ultimately reaching Panch Pokhari. Trek Route Reflection of peak in one of the lake The table below shows the trek route from Phamtam Village to Panch Pokhari.

S Elevation Days Location Description N (m) taken

By Rabongla Bazar, road till 1. 2100 m Base Zero South Sikkim Pham-tam Village

Phamtam Starting of 2. 1800m Village Trek

3. Sada Village 1619m Day One

ChanduKharka Mountain range seen from MajnagiKharka 4. (within Maenam 2817m Halt WL Sanctuary)

GokteyOrar 5. 3636m Halt (Cave) Day Two 6. Gairee 3440m

Halt (while going and 7. MajnagiKharka 3984m coming back from PP) Day Three

Panch Pokhari 8. 4318m (PP)

Note: Table above shows only the days taken to reach Panch Pokhari. Similarly, 2- 3 days, depending on the trekker’s capacity, are required for returning to the base camp at Rabongla/ Phamtam.

Trek Route to Paach Pokhari from Sada Village

18 Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 Enriched Himalayan Wet Temperate Forest Vegetation Type

A trekker shall witness and 3. Moist Alpine forest (3700 capture nearly four different forest – 4000m): The place above zones and types along the route Majnagi Kharka (open (Champion and Seth, 1986) and for meadows as the name easy reference and understanding describes) covers this type of Rheum nobile flower near Panch Pokhari Forest by a trekker, are associated with forest comprising of typical the local place along the trek route. alpine meadows where the tree They are as follows. growth is completely arrested Faunal Diversity and species like Rheum nobile 1. Himalayan Wet Temperate (Sikkim Rhubarb) and only The area is rich in faunal diversity forest (1800-2700m): This few stunted bushy growth of and sustains significant endangered forest has spread from Rhododendron species exists. species of avifauna and mammals. Rabongla to Sada Village Species like Himalayan Black Bear, and above. Species like 4. Dry Alpine forest (above Red Pandas habitat the area ranging Castonopsishysterix (Katus), 4000m): The places near Paach from 1800 m to 3500 m. Species Quercuslineata (Phalant), Pokhari falls under this forest like Blood Pheasants, Snow Quercuslamellosa (Buk) type where the vegetation is Partridges and Himalayan Blue form the main species. practically of scattered scrubs, Sheep also habitats the high altitude Other species include Acer often barren with few species areas. Species like Himalayan campbelli, Juglansregia, of stunted thorny scrubs and Musk Deer are also reported to be Symplososphyllocalyx etc. At alpine meadows predominantly seen by the local trekkers. the higher level includes conifer of grasses. species like Tsugadumosa (TengreSalla). 2. Sub Alpine forest (2700- 3700 m): This forest type is abundantly found from Chandukharka (place in Maenam Wildlife Sanctuary) to Gairee (depression) and above including species like Tsugadumosa mixed with Rhododendron species. A trekker enjoying the view near Majnagi Kharka Forest

Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 19 Quick Info

Panch Pokhari Trek

A local man worshipping at Panch Pokhari Nearest – Bagdogra Conclusion Airport Nearest – New Jalpaiguri The trek to Panch Pokhari is one of In exchange, it shall create Railway the best trekking destinations for awareness among the local stake Nearest – Rabongla, South a nature lover. However, it is still holders to preserve and conserve Town Sikkim unexplored and requires promotion the natural resources from which Best Season – Apr-May, Aug-Oct for sustainable use of the natural they are benefited and thus share a Trek Days – 5 to 6 days to & fro resources. The development and common conservation bond with Trek Altitude – 1800 m to 4300 m promotion of the trek shall ensure FEWMD Sanctuary – Maenam Wildlife upliftment of the local people in Covered Sanctuary, South terms of socio-economic status. The Sikkim Department of Forest, Environment References &Wildlife Management has Entry Fee for Wildlife Sanctuary: (per person per day) a crucial role to play for the 1. FEWMD, Government of Sikkim, sustainable development and State of Environment- Sikkim, Indian Rs. 55/- promotion of the natural resources 2007, ENVIS- Sikkim Publication. Foreigner Rs. 110/- as well as uplifting socio- economic 2. Indian State of Forest Report, Students of Indian Rs 30/- status of the local stakeholders Sikkim 2015 Institutions through activities and training, Local guides and Rs 25/- namely; 3. Tamang, K.K., Yonzone G.S. 2004, porters with team Dictionary of flowering Plants i. Training on guides/ bird of Darjeeling- Sikkim Himalaya, Tent pitching charge Rs. 45/- watching. Darjeeling-734101 Accommodation in Rs 350/- wildlife Log Huts ii. Training on hospitality 4. Khanal, Bashudev, HFG, Rabong (T) Range. (One of the trekker to Still Camera Fee (Per Rs. 25/- management and operating day) tours & travels. Paach Pokheri) Video Camera Fee Rs. 850/- 5. PC: @Jeet Lal Gurung, Rabongla iii. Creating awareness of Movie Rs.3300/- conservation among the local 6. Geographic Information System More Details can be seen in Sikkim stakeholders. Cell, Gangtok, WP, FEWMD Government Gazette Notification No. 90 dated 31/03/2016 iv. Training on identification For Details, please contact: of local flora including Wildlife Circle, FEMWD Rhododendron species. [email protected]

20 Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 Occurrence Record of Rhododendron hypenanthum (Ericaceae) in Eastern Alpines of Sikkim, India. Sabita Dahal Sikkim Biodiversity Conservation & Forest Management Project, FEWMD, [email protected]

Rhododendron hypenanthum photographed in Tamze valley ca. 4000m

Rhododendron is the largest genus in the family or rounded. Flowers are borne in terminal clusters of Ericaceae with greatest number of species. In Sikkim, 5-10. Bracts are ovate, margin ciliate. Flowers are the species of Rhododendrons are distributed from yellow, tube cylindrical, lobes orbicular, spreading temperate region (1800m) up to the Trans- Himalaya outside. Capsule is ovoid, 4-6 mm long. (5500m). The genus comprises of almost 1200 The species is commonly occurring in the Rhododendron species worldwide. In India 92 species; a total of thickets, scrub, and open alpine slopes from 3500- 109 taxa including, 8 sub species and 9 varieties of 4500m in Bhutan, Northern India, Nepal and Sikkim. In Rhododendrons have been reported, of which maximum Sikkim, the species are flourishing well in Kyongnosla species diversity reported from Arunachal Pradesh with Alpine Sanctuary, Tamze valley and surrounding areas 75 species (Sastry and Hajra 2010). Sikkim also has its in the eastern part from sub-alpine to alpine areas with rich diversity with 38 species; 41 taxa including sub good number of populations. As a medicinal plant, its species and varieties (Dahal, S. 2016) including recent stems, leaves and flowers are used in Tibetan Herbalism. report of Rhododendron mecongense (Pradhan BK, They are antitussive, febrifuge, tonic, diaphoretic and Dahal S, Nilson J and Lachungpa D. 2015). Present digestive and are used in treatment of inflammations, article is an occurrence report of Rhododendron lung disorder, and general weakening of the body, also hypenanthum from Kyongnosla Alpine Sanctuary, treat lack of appetite, cough and various skin diseases Tamze valley and surrounding areas of the Eastern Himalaya of Sikkim, resulting in addition of one species (Source: Karna, N. & Carthy, G.Mc. 2008.). to the existing list of 38 species of Sikkim Himalayan Acknowledgements Rhododendrons. I am thankful to Forest, Environment & Wildlife Management Rhododendron hypenanthum is commonly known as Department, Government of Sikkim for providing field Yellow Dwarf Rhododendron. The taxon was treated as facilities through Sikkim Biodiversity Conservation & a subspecies or variety of Rhododendron anthopogon Forest Management Project (SBFP). (Synonym: Rhododendron anthopogon D.Don subsp For Further Readings: hypenanthum or Rhododendron anthopogon var. Dahal S. 2015-16. Sikkim Himalayan Rhododendrons. hypenanthum (I.B.Balfour) H.Hara. It is closely related Panda. 8(4) 15-27. to pinkish or white floweredRhododendron anthopogon Pradhan BK, Dahal S, Nilson J and Lachungpa, D D.Don (Dwarf Rhododendron). It is an evergreen, (2015). A note on Rhododendron mekongense – a new aromatic shrub, up to 40 cm tall. The branches are species record from Sikkim Himalaya. Journal of American rough and scaly; branch-lets are generally short. Rhododendron Society 77: 76 - 80. Leaves are elliptic-oblong, 1-3 cm long, dorsal surface Sastri, A.R.K & Hajra, P.K. 2010. Rhododendrons in rough, wrinkled, ventral densely covered with dark India. BS Publications, Hyderabad. reddish brown scales. Leaf petioles are 3-7 mm long. Karna, N. & Carthy, G.Mc. 2008. Green Jobs Primer: Leaf blades are elliptic or oblong-elliptic or obovate Trees, Plants and Grasses of Nepal. Local Economic elliptic, base rounded or broadly cuneate, apex obtuse Development and Green Jobs, Nepal.

Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 21 STORY OF GUM TREES EUCALYPTUS SP. (MYRTACEAE) IN SIKKIM

Usha Lachungpa Principal Chief Research Officer and Addl. Director (Sikkim Biodiversity Board) [email protected]

Most Foresters in India get their Around 1982-84 when Mr. ST training at Dehradun. This is Lachungpa (STL) was DFO (N), perhaps why they were familiar he collected seeds of E. grandis with species such as Gum trees from Namnang and specially raised Eucalyptus sp. and Silver Fir them in polybags at DFO Quarters Grevillia sp. which were planted at Mangan. These were planted there. Around 1962-63 Eucalyptus around Mangan, Hee Gyathang globosa was first introduced into Sr. Sec. School, Tingvong and Sikkim and planted at TNA and Rangrang, around 100 nos. at Namnang in Gangtok (E), Mangan each place. Standing trees today (N) and Geyzing (W), then also at at Namnang, Hee Gyathang and Melli (S). Mangan are all E. grandis. Blue Gum E. globosa can be Again around 1985, STL procured three species E. grandis, E. identified by its juvenile leaves blue tereticornis and E. citriodora , the in colour (hence the name ‘Nilgiri’ last one being scented, from FRI or Blue Mountain in South India). Dehradun and planted them along Adult leaves become sickle shaped the Ranipul – Epecac Garden and and lose the blue shade. However roadsides up to Rangpo. Today in Sikkim it was seen that due to most of these trees have been lost heavy rainfall, the juvenile leaves to urbanization and developmental rotted, due to which this species activities in these areas. could not establish and as of today it no longer is seen. Among the three, E. citriodora survival and diameter increase Around the same time in 1962, E. was second to E. grandis. E. grandis was also introduced and tereticornis on the other hand was this was successful. Mr. S. C. supposed to be a fast grower, but Simick then Range Officer planted did not do well. Both of these can around 100 nos. at Namnang be seen at Saramsa; E. citriodora and Geyzing Bazar. Today has strong smell and reddish bark, these trees are under the axe of while E. tereticornis has smooth development. whitish bark. 22 Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 after proper seasoning the wood STORY OF GUM TREES is comparable to other timber for Photo of 22 Jan 2017 by GRO Mr. Anup Bania: The branches are being trimmed on request of NIC (National Informatics Centre, Tashiling) as they are furniture. blocking the RF Signal thereby disturbing the Internet service. The location is near Mines & Geology Office within Private Estate, Gangtok. The species was introduced into EUCALYPTUS SP. (MYRTACEAE) IN SIKKIM India at a time when all foresters were trained at Dehradun and STL also introduced E. grandis at Eucalyptus was found good for Tsunthang and Lachung in North their training. Also shortage of Sikkim, particularly at Beechu LPG, kerosene and electricity Inchung’s (father of Mr. Sonam necessitated alternative fuels Wangdi Lachungpa, ACF). He was such as these fast-growing exotic a supplier of rations to the Forest species. In the context of Sikkim Dept. and very knowledgeable the entire supply to the Army for about medicinal plants which he firewood was the responsibility used to collect, also purchase and of the Forest Dept. There was market. The trees grew with good massive felling of trees along entire diameter, but snowfall broke the Natula route, Bulbuley area (where branches. now Smriti van concept is greening barren areas), B-2, Menshithang, Around 15-20 years ago, 1996- Damthang, Rabong, Rhenock, 2000 STL planted about 20-30 Chujachen, etc. There was urgent E. grandis at Sichey, the lower need for fast growing species to outskirts of Gangtok on his private meet the demand and therefore land. He harvested 40 CFT from Eucalyptus made its entry into three-four of his trees in March Sikkim, though only as a trial and 2016. These he converted into not large scale. Senior Foresters 4’x3’beams as the wood warps would remember a firewood depot if planked at this stage. He at Tadong. seasoned them by proper stacking and pressure using heavy stones, Then around 1980-85 when Mrs. following which he converted Indira Gandhi was Prime Minister them into 1”planks and used them of India, Forest Secretary Mr. P. in his new construction. He said O. Pazo approached her with the the wood is very hard, good and plea that it was no longer possible resistant to insect attack. to supply firewood and wood for bunkers and bridges to the So why were these trees introduced Army. Thanks to her intervention, in Sikkim at all? In those days kerosene was encouraged and Eucalyptus was grown in India for provided to the armed forces which firewood, paper and mining props. drastically reduced the demand for In Haldwani area of Uttar Pradesh, firewood. they were harvested at eight years and 8’ diameter. They were Earlier the department grappled pollarded at 6”above the ground with public demand and and supplied for these three uses. commercial demands, and the When the sprouts appeared, four Working Plans were geared to were retained and growth harvested calculate yield per hectare. Now after two to four years. In Punjab, with increasing environment they are grown along the National and biodiversity consciousness, Highways for use for furniture, and concerns about climate change,

Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 23 concepts of mixed plantations and conservation of indigenous Off the Cuff Thoughts from native species took front-seat. Eucalyptus is no longer encouraged Mr. K. C. Pradhan IAS Retd: and the recent Working Plan of the department does not encourage • Growing Eucalyptus in Sikkim possibly goes back to good plantations of exotic species. There 100 years basically for its ornamental value. In regard to are no restrictions however on introduction of Eucalyptus in Sikkim, missionaries with private land, and so far one is free their roots in Australia were the major introducers. The to plant any species of one’s choice. species were E. robusta and E. citriodora initially and later E. grandis (mid 1950s). This documentation of the history of Eucalyptus shows that though • Purpose: Ornamental landscaping plant, tried in Malaria no scientist undertook research on infested lowlands as repellent of mosquitoes. Inhaling the species in Sikkim, a Forester, vapour of Eucalyptus citriodora immersed in hot water was no less than a DFO conducted his an established practice in households throughout Sikkim. own trials and experiments driven Planting a tree in the compounds of gentries was almost a by his own interest and passion, must. An avenue of E. citriodora was also established as thanks to which we may conclude Avenue Plantation at Singtam TB Hospital in late 1948. that technically sound research was indeed thus conducted, and • Introduction of E. grandis in mid 1950s by CF Arjun Singh at least four species of Eucalyptus was basically to explore whether it will be good for fuel (globosa, grandis, tereticornis and wood, when fuel-wood and charcoal were the only means of citriodora) were tried and tested energy in households and meeting the demand of people at by Mr. Sonam Topden Lachungpa Gangtok by forest department was a nightmare. IFS Retd PCCF cum Secretary, • To test the climatic zones where they were likely to do well, Forest over 35 years between 1982 they were planted at and around Mangan SPWD Bungalow; – 2016. junction of road at Gyalzing; Namnang and along Police HQ at Gangtok. Forest Department had the largest forest Transcribed from personal interviews and nursery below Palzor Namgyal Stadium where E. grandis email communication on 21st January seedlings were raised wrapped in green mosses as plastic 2017 with Mr. S. T. Lachungpa IFS Retd. bags were unknown. The term used was ‘mossing’ of rd at Hidden Forest, Gangtok; and on 23 saplings. In six years rotation they could turn out a good January 2017 with Mr. K. C. Pradhan IAS fuel wood and poles for various uses in farmland. Also a Retd. sizeable plantation was raised at Melli but the climate was found not suitable. • Though Eucalypts are now scapegoats for present day environmentalists, they served their purpose in that particular situation and particular period. • I recollect a tree, possibly E. robusta, with good six feet in girth at TNHS (now TN Academy) at the northern end way back in 1940 where we used to gather around for lunch. • A Grove (rather dwindle) of E. grandis at Namnang slope planted by W.T. Lucksom (later DFO) by Private Estate R.O. still looks gorgeous with its stately height and branches swaying with the wind are a sight to see!

24 Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 Normal Lady Amherst Pheasant Pair Report on Morphological Change seen in Lady Amherst’s Pheasant Female at Himalayan Zoological Park, Bulbuley

he Himalayan Zoological Park is currently in possession of one pair of Lady Amherst’s TPheasants that were brought to the park as adults from PNHZP Darjeeling. The female was brought on 15.11.2010 and the male on 31.10.2011. The pair has now been with the park for almost 7 years now. In August, during my daily rounds at the Pheasantry, I noticed both male and female were in the Dr. Minla Zangmu Lachungpa, middle of moulting and growing of new feathers. The Assistant Zoo Conservation Biologist, female however, was beginning to grow unusually Himalayan Zoological Park, Bulbuley Email: [email protected] bright red feathers uncharacteristic of the otherwise drab brown plumage of females.

Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 25 Gynandrous Lady Amherst Female Normal Lady Amherst’s Female

The female gradually molted and over the next new months her plumage completely changed. She now resembles a slightly dull male with more orange and olive-green plumage with a full tail and ruff. This change in morphology is however, not unusual, as PNHZP Darjeeling from where these birds were procured, currently has two old females in the same state. On further research into this unusual phenomenon known as Gynandry, it is learned that this has been seen mostly in captive reared birds. It is also assumed that if at all there have been any cases in the wild, this has not been recorded, perhaps due to predation as such Lady Amherst’s Pheasant pair with Gynandrous female females are now more conspicuous and could fall prey last clutch of eggs and successfully hatched them. much faster. Gynandry has been recorded mostly in females between ten and thirteen years of age. It is also Gynandry is a phenomenon similar to the human hypothesized, that Gynandry could possibly be the menopause, when old female birds stop laying and result of inbreeding. undergo hormonal changes that results in plumage change in subsequent moults. Although, this particular It must be noted here, that in the process of gynandry, individual has been laying eggs over the past years, the female, while having changed morphologically to we may now expect her stop laying altogether. resemble a male, is still physiologically a female. Our Individual variations however may dictate otherwise- current male, still regards her as such and continues to PNHZP recorded a gynandrous female that laid one display for her.

26 Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 Rescue and Rehabilitation of Hodgson’s Flying Squirrel in Chongey, East Sikkim

On 05.11.2016, around 3:30 PM I received a call from ACF (PWLS) Mrs. Dichen Namdul regarding an injured female Hodgson’s Flying Squirrel that had been reported by ACF Pakyong Mrs. Bhumika Rai. The animal was rescued by the Report by Headmaster of Linkey Junior High School - Mr. Narayan Mishra at around 8:00 am, who then handed it over to the forest staff: Mr. Deepen Mohra, Dawden Lepcha and Bivek Gurung Forest Dr. Minla Zangmu Lachungpa, Assistant Zoo Conservation Biologist, Guards, Pakyong. Himalayan Zoological Park, Bulbuley Email: [email protected] As the Zoo Hospital cannot accept any new animals without quarantine, I immediately requested the ACF to have the animal taken to the nearest veterinary facility for any first-aid Dr. Karma D. Bhutia, necessary. She immediately took it to the Birds, Beasts and Veterinarian, Birds, Beasts & Relatives Relatives – Veterinary Clinic in Deorali, where Veterinarian Dr. Veterinary Clinic Karma Dorjee Bhutia examined it. The animal was found to be paralyzed downwards from the hip, visibly noticeable from the Mrs.Dichen Namdul way she dragged her legs and tail. After an X-ray taken at Sukhim ACF, Pangolakha Wildlife Sanctuary, Diagnostics in Nam Nang area, to rule out possible fractures, FEWMD the animal was diagnosed with spinal trauma which could be responsible for the paralysis. A small open wound on the tail was also discovered teeming with maggots, indicating that the Squirrel had possibly been in this state for a few days before being rescued. As the animal came from a relatively warmer region and the Himalayan Zoological Park (HZP) premises would have been too cold to help an already stressed animal recover, after consensus with the ACF and Dr. Karma, I decided to take the Squirrel home where we would be able to keep a closer eye on her movements and also feed her regularly.

Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 27 In order to restrict further movement that could have faster this way, as compared to commercial medicated caused further damage to her spine, the Squirrel was ointment. In order to minimize any potential infections initially housed in a small carton with a blanket for that could have been brought upon by stress related warmth. An additional heater was also provided at immune-compromisation, the squirrel was put on a night. Most rescued wild animals will refuse to eat as prophylactic five day course of Amoxy-clavulanate food provided by us is unfamiliar and new to them. which was administered twice daily with food. Oral The added strain of force feeding also stresses them supplementation of Calcium and multi vitamins was further which could lead to further complications. also provided similarly. The first two days small pieces of apple, banana and guava were placed in the box which it refused. On the In about two weeks her feet started showing signs of third day we started to force-feed the squirrel a blend some movement and sensation, although she was still of fruit, egg and Lactogen solution through a syringe. unable to use her legs. She was then put on a week Feeding was continued in this way until she started to course of Prednisolone that would facilitate healing reach out towards the syringe on her own. We then of the spinal trauma. She was taken out and placed on gradually shifted from syringe feeding to feeding the the grass lawn every morning for about half an hour in same mixture from a small bowl, as well as bigger the sun which also allowed her to move around, albeit sections of fruit separately, to which she quickly dragging her hind quarters. She would find a shady adapted - sometimes even pulling the bowl towards spot with long grass where she would start to groom herself or eating taking the fruit in her hands to eat. herself. She also started to grow stronger and more aggressive as she put up a fight every time we had to The Squirrel was then shifted into a small pet carrying put her back in the box. Handling was always done cage which allowed her room to groom herself. using a soft towel that covered her head and allowed As handling was often stressful, Dr Karma and I us to get a hold of her hands. This ensured minimizing then began to provide physiotherapy to the Squirrel her struggling and also prevented her from biting and while she ate. A section of banana to nibble on while scratching us (Flying squirrels can inflict deep bites manually exercising the legs and also dressing the and scratches with strong jaws and sharp claws). wound proved fruitful as we could monitor feeding Physiotherapy also included letting her walk around while also examining the animal. She was seen to while supporting her hip and hind-legs with a towel prefer Lactogen solution, and bananas. sling that was held up while she moved around. The tail was dressed every alternate day with Normal As the objective was to rehabilitate the squirrel for life saline solution and lightly bandaged with a mixture back in the wild, we then started to restrict our own of organic Haldi powder and coconut oil. This mode contact with her to a bare minimum. By the fourth of ethno-veterinary treatment was decided on after week of November, she was moving around on three Dr. Karma and I realized that healing occurred much legs rather effectively so we moved her into an empty

Physiotherapy Magotty tail wound Tail wound post recovery

28 Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 Enrichment and rehabilitation measures Flying Squirrel on makeshift tree for Recovery crate to teach the squirrel to climb and search rehabilitation- Enrichment for food spare room with a corner prepared for her to hide in - bhadrasey, or even just the seeds. This exercise is also we kept the carrying crate in for her so that she could good as it keeps animals from getting habituated to hide inside whenever we entered the room or while being fed regularly, in a single place especially if it cleaning. Balls of crushed newspaper and a soft towel is to be released back to the wild. On 08.01.2017, on were also kept in the room, which she would then examination of her locomotor movements, she was drag into the crate and make her nest. Large pieces of found to be using all limbs very effectively - her hip fruit – halved apples, a section of banana were kept healed well and her movements were stable. She also in on a tray and also in different places around the had no problems climbing the branch provided and room which allowed her to move about more and keep was eating very well. Her defensive instincts had also her searching instincts alive. We continued to give heightened which would prove useful once released her a small bowl of Lactogen and Calcium solution back to the wild. along with a separate bowl of water. I also started to On 12.01.2017 after a final physical examination and bring home wild Bhadrasey fruits from the trees in assessment, together with ACF - PWLS, and BO- the zoo and Amla fruits available in Lal Bazar which Fambonghlo Wildlife Sanctuary, we finally released she seemed to relish. She also seemed to be chewing the Flying Squirrel back into the wild above Golitar on the seeds which was good, as Rodent species where it was followed a short distance into the forest require hard woody fruit and seeds to keep their to ensure it was able to climb properly. After seeing permanently growing incisors in good shape and size. it climb into a Magnolia tree, the BO and area FGs Her toilet habits were good although rather scattered were instructed to patrol the area for the next few days and the room required daily cleaning. By the end as well as leave small amounts of fruit on the trees of November she was able to use both legs to move so that the animal would have a steady food source around, although her hip was still unstable and her until it acclimatized to its surroundings. This is so far hind quarters kept falling to the side when she walked the only successful wildlife rescue, rehabilitation and or ran. release attempt that has been completely documented from start to finish. In December, we kept a large branch in the room for her so that she could start climbing. We stuck pieces of fruit on the branches, gradually moving them higher up the branch so she would be able to climb to the top and pick off the fruit. Once a week, we restricted the feeding to just water, or one or two

Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 29 Sikkim’s Only Living Fossil Tree: A Potential Heritage Tree Cycas pectinata

By Usha Lachungpa, Ongden Lepcha and Chewang Tashi Bhutia

ycas pectinata, locally called THAKAL is a A preliminary search in 2011-12 showed that its status medium-sized tree first discovered by Francis in the wild is possible critically low and urgent plans Buchanan-Hamilton in 1826 from NE India. for its conservation as LIVING FOSSIL HERITAGE CThis tree appeared on earth around 250 million years ago OF SIKKIM need to be made. and has remained unchanged. It is aptly called “Living Description Fossil” due to its antiquity. In Sikkim it is distributed naturally in the wild in low lying areas up to an altitude Cycas pectinata is a dioecious tall palm-like tree with of 700m. These areas support the maximum human a single trunk (sometimes bifurcated) attaining height population of Sikkim and already face many threats like of up to 10 ft. The trunk is covered by scars of old leaf forest fires, shortage of water, climate change and some bases. Leaves are 4-6 ft long, with many pinnate leaves. Leaves appear at the tip of the trunk. Male plants developmental activities. Following un-quantified develop a huge, solitary yellowish-orange cone, at the collection from the wild for horticultural purposes by tip of the trunk. Female plants also develop single many agencies over past decades, it is uncertain how cone, but with many seeds borne in it which are fleshy, widespread or abundant the species remains in Sikkim. ovoid and orange–red in colour. 30 Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 Surveyed areas The survey was carried out in East and South district of Sikkim in following areas; 1. Reserve Forests of Kateng, Tumlabung, Khani, Melli 2. Salingey-Bagey Socal Forestry Nursery, Bagey Nursery, Sumbuk, Lower Kateng Hallodey Bhanjyang Cycas habitat is warm deciduous forest, Shorea robusta Sal (SAKUA) and Phoenix sylvestris Wild Date Palm (also called ‘Thakal’ in Nepali) being the dominant trees. The study areas are biodiversity rich spots at an elevation up to 770 m. Economic importance & Threats As per version of local elderly and experienced people consulted, immature tip of female cone is sometimes collected and consumed as salad. Mature male cone is sometimes illegally pruned by plant hunters. Due to attractive nature of Some suggestions for conservation of living the plant, it has been extensively wild harvested from fossil tree Cycas pectinata: most areas in Sikkim for private gardens and nurseries for ornamental purposes and carries a high price. The a. Road widening activities need to be continuously surveyed areas showed few wild plants on the forest monitored to protect the trees left behind while floor. All were badly hacked and in poor condition. As a result it can be seen that its population in the wild has rescuing the important and interesting epiphytes drastically and critically reduced making any further such as orchids and other species on the trees wild harvesting unsustainable. and ground vegetation such as valuable shrubs, climbers and trees like Cycas pectinata Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 31 b. Couple of Cycas trees located on fringe of conservation of endangered Orchid Paphiopedilum Salingey Nursery already damaged and surviving fairrieanum at Tinkitam, South Sikkim. tenuously near highly disturbed area need to be immediately protected. h. Mr. Mangal Raj Subba Mali: Bagey Nursery is perhaps the best located and important nursery c. Survival of a couple of Cycas trees in RF of the department harbouring many valuable above Bagey Nursery needs to be confirmed and saplings and trees as well as rescued Orchids. It protection ensured. was managed efficiently by Mr. Mangal Raj Subba Mali since 1980; his services need to be recognized d. Young Cycas planted at Melli Checkpost and perhaps through appropriate Award during State other Forest Checkposts and existing Cycas trees in Melli FRH campus badly in need of attention functions. need to be granted special focus for conservation. i. Efforts of Mr. Puran Giri of NGO Indreni e. One old female Cycas tree was seen at Melli Bazar Pariwar, Sumbuk in propagating the Living Fossil on edge of road in private campus, but since the Tree Cycas on his land need to be recognized and road widening we might have lost her if she has not his plants used for in-situ propagation in selected been translocated elsewhere. Conservation Reserve for this species. f. All Cycas trees across the state are vulnerable to j. Mr. Ongden Lepcha Range Officer: Over this wild harvesting and may be declared protected period he is the only forester deeply interested immediately. in Cycas conservation and responsible for the survey that highlighted its threatened status in the g. Potential Cycas Conservation Reserve: Kateng wild. His efforts need to be recognized by the Forest is perhaps the last stronghold of wild Government perhaps through appropriate Award Cycas in Sikkim and may be declared as Cycas during State functions. Conservation Area or Cycas Conservation Reserve in order to conserve this Living Fossil Tree k. Potential Heritage Tree: Cycas pectinata needs Heritage of Sikkim. Kateng Reserve Forest needs to be urgently recognized as Living Fossil Heritage to be designated as a Cycas Conservation Reserve, Tree of Sikkim and added to list of PROPOSED which will be the second in Sikkim after that for HERITAGE TREES OF SIKKIM.

Male and female trees of Cycas pectinatawith seed-bearing cones

32 Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 THE LHONAK LAKE EXPEDITION 2016

ABOUT LHONAK VALLEY Lhonak Valley is an Important Bird and Biodiversity Area with IBA Site Code: IN-SK-06. It is also a potential Snow Leopard landscape in the North West corner of the state. The valley is grassland in the exposed river valley of Goma Chu with boggy marshes, glacial lakes, barren slopes and glaciers. Goma Chu which rises in North and South Lhonak glaciers runs across the valley to join Zema Chu, a glacier at the southern end of the valley as is the Green Lake. It flows south till it joins the Teesta. By Karma Choden Bhutia DFO (Wildlife) North The Lhonak valley remains cut off from the rest of the [email protected] country for more than eight months of the year. The only access to Lhonak is the high and treacherous Lungnak La Pass, almost 5000 metres asl. The lone village of Muguthang lies in the valley with about eight Dokpa families who graze yaks mostly. Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 33 VEGETATION The landscape has immense flora diversity with species like Gentiana ornate, Cyananthus sp., Euphorbia sp.,Potentila sp., Saxifraga sp., Pedicularis megalantha, Anaphelis sp., Meconopsis sp., Cotonester microphyllus, etc.Many of the floras still need to be documented. The yak dung adds generous amount of nutrition of the soil as most plants were seen germinating from these dungs in such harsh climatic conditions.

Gentiana ornate Saxifraga sp. Pedicularis megalantha

AVIFAUNA Lhonak Valley is the famed flyway of migratory waterfowl (Ali 1962). Many vulnerable and Biome-5 restricted species breed here such as the Tibetan Snowcock Tetraogallus tibetanus, Blacknecked Crane, the Tibetan Sandgrouse Syrrhaptes tibetanus, the Güldenstädt’s Redstart Phoenicurus erythrogaster, the Hume’s Groundpecker Pseudopodoces humilis. Lesser Kestrel Falco naumanni has been infrequently recorded from this valley during the course of the Alpine Grassland Ecology Project of BNHS from 2000-2003 (U. Lachungpa pers. comm. 2003). In addition there were assemblages of different birds like Alpine Accentor, Hoopoe, Robin Accentor, Brandts Mountain Finch, Rufous-breasted Accentor, White wagtail, Horned Lark and Common Stonechat.

Guldenstadts Redstart Alpine Accentor Groundpecker

Horned Lark Robin Accentor Brandts Mountain Finch

34 Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 FAUNA Mammalian fauna includes Snow Leopard Unciauncia, Blue Sheep Pseudoisnayaur, Tibetan Wolf Canis lupus chanco, Tibetan Fox Vulpes vulpes, Siberian Weasel Mustela sibirica, Woolly Hare Lepus oiostolus and Himalayan Marmot Marmota himalayana Sikkim Snow Toad Scutiger sp., paerhaps the highest altitude amphibian, is found in almost all lakes and waterbodies of the Goma Chu Valley (U. Lachungpa 2003).

Blue Sheep Himalayan Marmot Wild Yak There were indirect sightings of animals like Tibetan fox and Tibetan wolf (scats) and pugmarks of a sub-adult Snow Leopard. Blue sheep, Himalayan marmot, Siberian Weasel and Wild Yaks could be sighted directly. According to personal communication with the local Dokpa families, animal sightings are frequent.

LHONAK LAKE & ITS THREAT South Lhonak glacial lake, located in the extreme North-western parts of Sikkim, is one of the fastest growing lakes in Sikkim Himalaya. The lake is fast increasing in its size in an extremely abnormal way due to the melting of the South Lhonak glacier attached with the lake and addition melt water from adjoining North Lhonak glacier and main Lhonak glacier. The abnormal growth of the volume of the lake is a great concern in terms of Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOF). The study of past satellite data of Lhonak glacier lake area revealed that the area of the lake has increased from 18 ha or 180,000 m2 in 1976 to 126 ha or 1,260,000 m2 in 2013.The increase in the area has been rapid at an approximate rate of 25,000 m2 to 35,000 m2 per year from 1976 to 2011. With this, the lake became one of the longest and largest lake within the territory of Sikkim. The lake was formed on the loose glacial moraines debris brought down by the South Lhonak glacier. This enormous growth on loose moraines within the short period of time makes it one of the vulnerable lakes in Sikkim in terms of glacial hazard (NMSHE data). South Lhonak Lake and Lhonak Glacier Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 35 LHONAK LAKE EXPEDITION 2016 The team comprised of officials and staffs from the Forest Department, Land Revenue and Disaster Management Department, Water Resources and Irrigation Department, Mines and Geology Department and Department of Science and Technology, Army personnel and ITBP. It was a 15 days expedition in the month of September 2016. This work was a follow up of the initial works carried by State Climate Change Cell under Sikkim State Council, DST. It was a short term mitigation measure taken up to siphon water from the lake to reduce the water to a level that would reduce the chances of GLOF.

36 Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 WORKS UNDERTAKEN

Pic: Initial Works, Collection of Data, Setting Up of Instrument by DST

Pic: Setting Up of Instrument by DST & Fitting/Laying Of High Density Pipes

Pic (SonamWangchuk): Siphoning of Water through the Pipes

Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 37 PRESENT STATUS: CLEANLINESS DRIVE IN The lake was visited after three months by a team from SECMOL in the month of December 2016 to SHINGBA RHODODENDRON check if all the instruments were functioning and to ensure siphoning of water from the pipes. The SANCTUARY work at present is being monitored jointly by State Climate Change Cell under Sikkim State Council, February 19, 2017: North Wildlife Division carried DST and Land Revenue and Disaster Management out a cleanliness drive in Shingba Rhododendron Department. Sanctuary with support of Territorial staffs (Lachung) and GREF. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: I consider myself lucky to be a part of Lhonak Lake Expedition 2016. I would like to convey my sincere gratitude to PCCF-cum- Principal Secretary, Dr. Thomas Chandy and Shri. C.S. Rao, CCF (T)/ CWLW, Shri. N. W. Tamang, CF (W/L) and Mrs. Usha Lachungpa , Pr. Chief Research Officer for allowing me to undertake the expedition. I extend my sincere gratitude to officials from Department of Land Revenue & DM, Water Resources & River Dev., Science & Tech. and CC and Mines, Minerals and Geology and Mr. SonamWangchuk and his team, SECMOL, Ladakh for accompanying us throughout the exercise. Lastly, I want to thank my Forest team of SonamGyatsoLepcha, Jigme Bhutia and Bee TsheringLachenpa for accompanying me and making the trip as the most memorable one.

REFERENCES Ali, S. (1962). The Birds of Sikkim. Oxford University Press, Madras. Anonymous (2003) Sikkim State Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan.Department of Forests, Environment and Wildlife, Govt. of Sikkim.Pp. 104. Ganguli-Lachungpa, U. (1998) Avifauna of trans-Himalayan and alpine grasslands in Sikkim, India. In: Birds of Wetlands and Grasslands: Proceedings of the Salim Ali Centenary Seminar, 1996 (eds. Rahmani, A. R. and Ugra, G.). Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai. pp 196- 207. A paper just published in Current Science by K. Babu Govindha Raj1, S.N. Remya and K. Vinod Kumar reports on this lake expanding by 1.9 km due to glacier retreat from 1962-2008. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lhonak_River PICS: Karma Choden Bhutia 38 Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 National Awards to Sikkim Schools for Green Actions Three Sikkim Schools Conferred with CSE’s Gobar Times Green Schools Award 2016-17 at New Delhi

Based on the country-wide assessment of Green Schools Environment Audit Programme2016- 17coordinated in the State by ENVIS Centre of the State Forest Department in collaboration with the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE), New Delhi, CSE in its annual awards giving ceremony held at Indian Habitat Centre, New Delhi on 15th of February, 2017 has conferred upon Sikkim Schools three awards under different categories. The awards which included Green Leaf Crystal Trophies and GSP Certificates were presented by Shri Prakash Javadekar, Hon’ble Union Minister for Human Resourse Development, Government Energy Efficient (Best Green School for performance in of India and Ms. SunitaNarain, Director General, Energy Management at School – 2016-17) : Government Sr. Secondary School, Hee-Yangthang, West Sikkim CSE. The school awardees from Sikkim are as under; CSE’s Green School Awardees from Sikkim so far: Year Schools Name (Award Category) 2007 Govt. Sec. School, Daramdin, West Sikkim (Water) 2010 Govt. Sec. School, Reshi, West Sikkim (Top 10) Govt. Sec. School, Linkey, East Sikkim (Air) Govt. Sec. School, Namcheybong, East Sikkim (Energy) 2011 Govt. Sec. School, Middle Camp, East Sikkim (Top 10 ) Govt. Sec. School, Lower Samdong, East Sikkim (Top 10) 2012 Govt. Sec. School, Dentam, West Sikkim (1st Rank) Govt. Girls Sr. Sec. School, Deorali, East Sikkim (2nd Rank) Govt. Sec. School, Tingley, South Sikkim (4th Rank ) 2013 Govt. Sec. School, Penlong, East Sikkim (2nd Rank in NS) Rank 8th (TOP 10 Green School of India – 2016-17): Govt. Sec. School, Tingley, South Sikkim (2nd Rank in CM) Government Secondary School, Aho-Shanti, East Sikkim 2014 Govt. Girls’ Sr. Sec. School, Namchi, South Sikkim (NS) Govt. Sec. School, Lower Samdong, East Sikkim (CM) 2015 Govt. Sec. School, Lingdong, North Sikkim (4th Rank) Govt. JHS, Mangzing, South Sikkim (8th Rank) Govt. Sr. Sec. School, Gyalshing, West Sikkim 2016 Govt. Sec. School, Aho-Shanti, East Sikkim (8th Rank) Govt. JHS, Raley, East Sikkim (Air) Govt. Sr. Sec. School, Hee-Yangthang, West (Energy)

The above schools have brought about positive change in the schools environment in terms of practices followed to improve the quality/ usage/ sustainability of Land, Air, Air Warriors (Best Green School for performance in Air Water, Energy and Waste resources. Management at School – 2016-17) : Government Jr. High Read more on School, Raley, East Sikkim http://www.greenschoolsprogramme.org/

Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 39 The Green Story Sonam Choda Lepcha Memorial Government Secondary School, Lingdong, North Sikkim

Awardee of Chief Minister’s Green School Rolling Trophy 2016, Swachh Vidhyala Puraskar (State) 2016, National GSP Awards 2015-16.

Lingdong, a small village, located at Upper Dzongu provides an institution for the teeming learners of the area in the form of Sonam Choda Lepcha Memorial Secondary School. The school was established in 1957 in the name of Lingdong Pry School. It is just 7 km away from North District headquarter Mangan.

Some Good and Innovative Practices of the School Eco-Club are as under: Herbal Garden The first initiative of the school was the creation of the Herbal Garden in the year of 2015. Here we find a variety of locally available herbs planted by the students and teachers. The name of the herbs and its usages have been documented with the help of locally available knowledgeable persons thereby motivating students for its protection and conservation. 40 Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 Green House Learning by doing has been given great emphasis in the school. Bearing this in mind a Green House was set up in the school premise in the year 2016 with the help of students, teachers, SMC members and through community service of the village. By now the students have a sound knowledge of activities carried out in the Green House. They take care of growing organic vegetables mostly tomatoes in the Green House. We have sold 300 Kg of tomatoes in the year 2016 and in addition have been using the organic produce for student’s Mid Day Meal (MDM). The revenue generated during 2016 was utilized for school annual day prizes and the savings were utilized to sponsor 40 students to watch Dhokbu (Lepcha film) which was screened at Vajra cinema hall in Gangtok. This year (2017), a new Green House has been constructed covering a much wider area and the school positively looks forward for a more productive seasons ahead. The tomatoes being grown this year too are continuously supplied to MDM to be fed with vegetables.

Cardamom plantation Keeping in view the significance Bird Nest at School: of organic farming, the school has also undertaken cardamom plantation activity in the school premises. The school procured about 7000 cardamom saplings from West Sikkim and planted them on the eve of World Environment Day in the year 2016. It covered In order to promote bird land area of 0.087 acres. watching and aware students and local people to conserve and The school looks after the nurturing of the saplings protect the avifaunal wealth of and aims to provide cardamom saplings multiplied the locality, eco-club students from the first plantation by the year 2018. have installed five bird nests at the school and its surroundings. The students have been keeping vigil on these nests and also taking pleasure of bird watching.

Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 41 School Nursery Yojana 2017 Swachh Vidyalaya Abhiyaan With a grant-in-aid of Rs. 25000/- provided by It has been aptly quoted by Mahatma Gandhi the Ministry of Forest, Environment and Climate “Cleanliness is more important than Independence” Change, Government of India, the school has started implementing the scheme “School Nursery Yojana” in 2017. In this regard the forest department of Dzongu, North Sikkim has extended support for setting up of nursery in an area of 100 sq. metre within the school premise. The school has planted more than 2000 deferent varieties of flowering, non flowering and ornamental plants. The saplings being raised from this nursery will be planted in the school and its surroundings for beautification. Through this programme, school children have been greatly benefitted through hands in action and been local experts of one kind.

Following the footsteps of the mission ‘Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan’ the school has initiated Swachh Vidyalaya Abhiyan, which has been included in the school curriculum since 2015. The time allotted for the Abhiyan is from 9:00 AM to 09:15 AM every day before the bell rings for the morning assembly. In this regard, plastic materials are banned in the school premises. The school also follows the waste management process wherein the students collect all the non-degradable waste materials found in and around the school campus, washes them and dries them. Further, they cut them into smaller pieces to transform them into useful items like cushions, pillows, etc. Degradable wastes are composted for manure.

Yoga Day every Wednesday! Yoga is being practiced every Wednesday since 2015. This practice has developed and improved the mindset of students and teachers creating a healthy working and learning environment in the school. One of the students Miss Lyangmit Lepcha was also selected in the Yoga Olympiad in the National Level in 2016.

42 Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 Stakeholder’s Consultation Workshop held for Preparation of State of Environment Report Sikkim -2016

NVIS Centre at Forest, Environment and and further incorporate comments, suggestions and Wildlife Management Department, Government recommendations from various stakeholders. This Eof Sikkim in collaboration with the Development workshop was held as a follow up of the inception Alternatives, New Delhi organized a stakeholder’s workshop held during July 2015. consultation workshop for the preparation of State of Environment (SoE) Report 2016 for Sikkim on The basic aim of this reporting process is to bring out 20/04/2017 at Forest Conference Hall, Deorali, an overview of the environmental scenario of the State Gangtok. for mainstreaming environment in policy and decision making. It is anticipated that through SoE report, State The workshop chaired by Dr. Thomas Chandy, Principal Government would be able to integrate environmental Secretary –cum- PCCF and Dr. M. Salahuddin, Scientist dimensions in their socio-economic planning for ‘F’ from the Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate sustainable development. Change, Government of India was participated by the senior officers from several government departments, The State of Environment Report Sikkim 2016 will be institutions, NGOs and senior officers from the Forest the second edition, the first was published in 2007. The department. report is expected to be published later in the 2017. The main objective of the workshop was to share the draft of State of Environment Report for Sikkim,

Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 43 Barsey Rhododendron Sanctuary Rich Biological Diversity in West Sikkim, India

arsey Rhododendron Sanctuary located in the West District of Sikkim, established in 1998, occupies an area of 104 km2 sharing its border with Nepal in Bthe west and West Bengal in the south over the Rambong Sanjyoti Subba*, Anjana Pradhan, Khola in the Singalila Range (Photo 1). The altitudinal Nimesh Chamling and Sumitra Nepal gradient of 2200–4100 m asl provides a wide range of topography leading to various forest types viz., sub-tropical JICA-Assisted Sikkim Biodiversity moist deciduous forest (2200–2400 m), wet temperate forest Conservation and Forest Management (2400–2700 m), moist temperate forest (2700–3250 m), sub- Project (SBFP), Department of Forest, alpine forest (3200–4000 m) and alpine meadows (>4000 m) Environment and Wildlife Management, as mentioned by Sharma (2001). The sanctuary harbours over Government of Sikkim, Gangtok dozen of rhododendron species, pure patches of Lithocarpus pachyphylla and many epiphytes, climbers, ferns and fern- allies, moss and lichens. Barsey Rhododendron Sanctuary *Corresponding Author is a biologically diverse sanctuary and famous for its [email protected] rhododendron stand which blooms usually between April and May. The climate is wet and cold which is highly favorable for the growth of rhododendrons. July is the wettest month of the year and temperature is not less than 17°C. According to the In-charge of BRS, Mr. Samden Sherpa, Hilley gives the best view of sunrise while Barsey gives a splendid

44 Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 view of Mt. Kanchendzonga, Mt. Pandim and Mt. Sinolchu, etc., which becomes more picturesque between October and November. The sanctuary is also home to many faunal species, viz., Red panda, Wild Boar, Himalayan Black Bear, Barking Deer, Serow, etc. Barsey is famous for habitat of Red Panda (Ailurus fulgens) which is the State Animal of Sikkim. The dense forests of Lithocarpus pachyphylla provides shelter as well as abundant fruits and as such are good indicators of faunal presence and richness Photo 1: Entry point of Barsey Rhododendron Sanctuary (Photo 2 & 3).

Photo 2 & 3: Spotted Laughing Thrush and Verditer Flycatcher

RAPID BIODIVERSITY SURVEY Rapid biodiversity survey was conducted along Hilley–Barsey–Sano Dhaap–Thulo Dhaap– Kalijhar–Phoktay Dara–Chitray– Chewabhanjyang–Uttarey trekking route (ca. 40 km) in proximity to the Singalila Ridge. From Hilley to Chewabhanjyang, 33 random sampling plots were laid. We covered the temperate rhododendron forest, temperate coniferous forest and sub-alpine zone between 2700 m and 3600 m asl.This Sanctuary can be reached from three separate points, viz., Hilley, Dentam and Soreng and this work commenced from Hilley which is the main entry point for Barsey Rhododendron Sanctuary. Barsey is only four and a half km distance from this point. Hilley is a beautiful place with a variety of rhododendron and a magnificent mountain view. Early morning, we can effortlessly see the mesmerizing beauty of sun rising along with colorful birds singing in the background (Photo 4). Photo 4: Sun rise view from Hilley, West Sikkim

Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 45 Map: Rapid Biodiversity Survey sites along Barsey Rhododendron Sanctuary sampling path Additionally, avifauna were encountered, viz., Spotted Laughing Thrush, Himalayan Large-Billed Crow and many other birds were seen during the survey, and the calls of birds were identified and recorded by the local guide. The vegetation from Hilley to Barsey is a trail of rhododendron diversity flowering along with many other medicinal plant species like Paris polyphylla, reed-bamboo, oaks and Primula species. The pure patches of Lithocarpus pachyphylla species were inventoried with Rhododendron arboreum (pinkish-rose and rosy-red forms). The rhododendron species available between Hilley and Barsey are Rhododendron arboreum var. arboreum, R. griffithianum, R. falconeri and R. grande along 2700– 2800 m asl. Amongst these, R. arboreum (both pinkish-rose and rosy-red forms) Photo 5: Rhododendron arboreum in flowers at Kalijhar top (3400 m asl) has a broad range of distribution and was It is also an indicator of keystone species which is widely observed up to 3400 m asl at Kalijhar top distributed from temperate forest to temperate coniferous forest (Phoktay Dara) along the trail (Photo along with many tree species viz., Lithocarpus pachyphylla, 5). Worldwide, this R. arboreum is also Betula utilis, Magnolia campbellii, Acer sp., R. falconeri, etc. distributed along 1500–3800 m asl from The common shrubs which were inventoried during the entire Pakistan to SE Tibet in the Himalayas sampling plots were Viburnum erubescens, Daphne cannabina, Rosa (www.eFloras.org). sericea, Berberis sp., etc. 46 Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 (Photo 9). In Sikkim, this bamboo is found only in Barsey Rhododendron Sanctuary at Deonigale Dhaap. It has high medicinal property where the smoke of leaves is used during headache and common cold as worked out by National Bamboo Mission, H&CCDD, Govt. of Sikkim.

Photo 6: Rhododendron arboreum floret at 3600 m asl R. arboreum has high medicinal properties. The flower is used to cure tonsillitis, cough and cold. Common local belief is that the flower petal is used when fish bones get stuck in throat. After blooming, the petals fall in the ground and these are used to make wine and alcoholic beverages. It is in high demand in local market fetching Rs. 300 per bottle of wine and Rs. 200 per bottle of Raksi (local millet brew) which is considered beneficial for health too. The juice of the flower is used in the treatment of menstrual disorders (Photo 6). Barsey is not only famous for rhododendron but also for nature lovers owing to its rich biological diversity, beautiful view of landscape and for birds and butterflies too. As per the forest record, most of the visitors especially the local people usually trek up to Barsey and only 5% international tourists visit the area up to Singalila Ridge. At Barsey, we found the prized rhododendron species, viz., Rhododendron barbatum Photo 7 & 8: Rhododendron barbatum and Rhododendron falconeri (Vulnerable status under IUCN) and pure stand of Rhododendron falconeri (Photo 7 & 8). Rhododendron arboreum, R. barbatum and R. falconeri are widely distributed along the sampling path. Next morning, we started our trek from Barsey to Sano Dhaap which is approximately 12 km stretch. On the way, we laid random sampling plots and inventorised the plant species enjoying the beautiful rhododendron flowers, beautiful landscape and the virgin undisturbed forest.The prominent rhododendron species available between Barsey and Sano Dhaap are Rhododendron falconeri and R. arboreum along with Lithocarpus pachyphylla, Symplocos theifolia, Magnolia campbellii with shrub species like Vibrunum erubescens, Daphne cannabina and Ilex sp. which are most prominent at 2835 m asl. Sano Dhaap or Deonigale Dhaap is famous for the reed-bamboo which is called as Sinarundinaria macrophylla (locally called “Deonigale”) and widely distributed in Barsey trekking route in West Sikkim Photo 9: Deonigale bamboo at Sano-Dhaap Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 47 Sinarundinaria macrophylla is densely tufted, shrubby On reaching the higher elevation, Magnolia campbellii, bamboo, culm-sheaths deciduous, 10-11 cm long, Rhododendron falconeri and Rhododendron arboreum leaves 5-10 cm long, leaf sheaths 4 cm long striate, are widely distributed with Acer pectinatum and Acer ending above into narrow ciliate callus. The barking palmatum. The seedling emergences of many species deer was sighted at the Sano Dhaap area which is the are very high as compared to other sanctuary. That habitat of Sinuarundina macrophylla. means regeneration process in the forest is much higher for future plant communities and for healthy Next morning above Sano Dhaap–Thulo Dhaap, the forest ecosystem. Magnolia campbellii was found in first epiphytic rhododendron species were recorded full bloom. Patches of Gaultheria nummularioides ° along 2810 m asl, latitude 27 13’48.5” & longitude are commonly encountered which densely covers the ° 88 05’17.8”. This was Rhododendron dalhousieae ground surface along the trekking route. Vaccinium coming up on the common shrub Vibrunum erubescens species is epiphytic in nature and was found to favour and also on Magnolia campbellii, Acer sp., and the R. arboreum tree. With increase in elevation, R. Rhododendron falconeri. Similarly, in FambongLho arboreum is seen in two colors of petals blooming Wildlife Sanctuary, this species is distributed along i.e., pink rose and red form covering the entire forest 1900–2000 m attached to the oak species and also making it look like an ocean of rhododendron flowers reported at Bulbuley Reserve forest, East Sikkim. (Photo 11). Next morning, our destination was to reach Kalijhar from Thulo-Dhaap, on reaching elevation at 3000 m asl, temperate broadleaved forest plant species is replaced by temperate coniferous tree species, viz., Abies densa, Magnolia campbellii, Betula sp. The most pure habitat of Rhododendron barbatum, R. arboreum, R. hodgsonii were recorded along with other tree species such as Lithocarpus pachyphylla, Tsuga dumosa, Acer campbellii. Most of the tourists, especially tourists from abroad take this route to reach the Singalila Range. On the way from Sano-Dhaap, there is different trek route that leads to Singalila range via Phalut & Sandakphu and another one is from Kalijhar via Chewabhanjang-Uttarey. The Singalila range which contains the Singalila National Photo 11: View of flowering Rhododendron arboreum along the park is situated on the western side of the BRS and acts sampling path as the international border for Nepal and India (West The scrub species, viz., Gaultheria nummularioides Bengal; Photo 10). is widely distributed along the entire path and herbs along with Fragaria nubicola, Voila sp., Hemiphragma heterophyllum, Sambucus sp., Rubus sp., Primula sp., etc. Rhododendron hodgsonii which was in full bloom was most widely distributed between 3000 m and 3400 m asl with scrub like Berberis sp., Rhododendron lepidotum was found in its vegetative stage; most common shrubs Viburnum erubescens and Daphne cannabina were also in full bloom. Many beautiful avians can be encountered on the way to Kalijhar. In Rhododendron hodgsonii forest, we spotted the state bird of Sikkim, the Blood Pheasant, both male and female, at 3352 m asl (Photo 12 & 13). This area has a dense presence of R. hodgsonii as well as Abies densa, Viburnum erubescens, Daphne cannabina, Rosa Photo 10: Overview of Singalila Range along the trail sericea, Spiraea bella, etc. 48 Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 Photo 12: Sighting of Blood Pheasant (male) at 3352 m asl

At the point of Kalijhar, we came across the tree line. Above Kalijhar, there is a small hillock, the Phoktey Within rhododendron variety, the two species i.e., Dara, which is the viewpoint for Singalila Range. Rhododendron hodgsonii & Rhododendron lepidotum Phoktey Dara is a rocky and windy place and Cirsium were found in patches. Some of the rhododendron species was also recorded from here. Chewabhanjang species are in vegetative stage and was difficult to is the end point and there is an international border identify. Scrubs of Berberis species were distributed in between India and Nepal. Somewhat similar vegetation the entire area and also the herb, Cirsium sp. was found was recorded in and around the Chewabhanjang in plenty. surrounding (Table 1).

Photo 13: Sighting of Blood Pheasant (female) at 3352 m asl. Photo 14: Rhododendron hodgsonii along the sampling path Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 49 Table 1: Checklist of Tree species encountered in Barsey Rhododendron Sanctuary

SN Botanical name Local name Family Altitudinal IUCN/ Distribution Regional (m asl) Status

1 Abies densa Griffith. ex Parker Gobrey salla Pinaceae 2800- 3700 LC 2 Acer campbellii Hook. & Thom. ex Hiern Kapasay Aceraceae 1800-2700 NA 3 Acer palmatum Kapasay Aceraceae 2500- 3000 NA 4 Acer pectinatum Wall. ex Nicholson Lekh kapasay Aceraceae 2300-3700 NA 5 Betula utilis Don Bhojpatra Betulaceae 2500-3800 LC 6 Lithocarpus pachyphylla (Kurtz.) Rehder Sungurey katus Fagaceae 1800-2700 NA 7 Machilus sp. Kawlo Lauraceae 1500-2100 NA 8 Maddenia himalaica Hook. f. & Thom. Rosaceae 2400-3000 NA 9 Magnolia campbellii Hook. f. & Thom. Ghogey champ Magnoliaceae 2400-3100 LC 10 Rhododendron arboreum (CB Clarke) Ridley. Lali gurans Ericaceae 1800-3600 NA 11 Rhododendron barbatum Wall. ex G. Don Lal chimal Ericaceae 3000-3700 Vulnerable 12 Rhododendron dalhousieae Hook. f. & Thom. Lahare Chimal Ericaceae 1500-2500 NA 13 Rhododendron falconeri Hook. f Khorlinga Ericaceae 2700-3000 NA 14 Rhododendron grande Wight Patley khorlinga Ericaceae 2000-3000 NA 15 Rhododendron griffithianum Wight Seto Chimal Ericaceae 1800-3200 NA 16 Rhododendron hodgsoni Hook. f Khorlinga Ericaceae 3000-4000 NA 17 Sorbus sp. Lekpasi Rosaceae 2700-5400 NA 18 Symplocos theifolia Kharanay Symplocaceae 1900-2500 NA 19 Tsuga dumosa (D. Don) Eichler Tengre salla Pinaceae 2500-3000 LC NA -Not Assessed, LC -Least Concern

IMPORTANCE OF BARSEY RHODODENDRON CONCLUSION SANCTUARY There are two protected areas for the rhododendrons Barsey Rhododendron Sanctuary is in-situ conservation in Sikkim where Barsey is one of them which has of genetic resources in natural population is the process rich biodiversity and less anthropogenic footprint as of protecting the endangered plant and animal species compared to the Shingba Rhododendron Sanctuary. in its natural habitat. According to our observation, The BRS forest community appears to be categorically we could suggest five important aspects of Barsey rich in number of tree and shrub species compared Rhododendron Sanctuary: to the Shingba Rhododendron Sanctuary. Seedling emergence is very high under the canopy and also all 1. Over a dozen of rhododendron species (with over the trail. This shows good regeneration potential one under Vulnerable status of IUCN, i.e., for next generation providing a natural balance for Rhododendron barbatum) found in this area. the prevailing ecosystem. The species composition of 2. State Animal, Red Panda, Habitat. forest depends on the regeneration of species in the forest. There are several indications presented by the 3. State Bird, Blood Pheasant, Habitat. present study in terms of conservation that must be addressed almost every time for the sustainability of 4. Reed-bamboo Deonigale (Sinuarundinaria nature and natural resources and the first concern is the macrophylla) Habitat. anthropogenic disturbances. 5. Best trekking route for Singalila Range.

50 Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 AKNOWLEDGEMENTS Director-II, Mrs. Kusum Gurung, SFS DFO (BC), Ms. Angel O. Chettri, SFS ACF(BC). Thanks to survey Authors are grateful to JICA-assisted Sikkim team (Biodiversity Conservation), Sikkim Biodiversity Biodiversity Conservation and Forest Management Conservation and Forest Management Project. Project (SBFP) of Department of Forest, Environment and Wildlife Management, Govt. of Sikkim for providing the necessary facilities and encouragement. References We would also like to thank Dr. Thomas Chandy, Sharma, T. R. (2001). Eco-Development of Barsey IFS PCCF-cum-Principal Secretary & Chief Project Rhododendron Sanctuary (Unpublished). Department Director and Mr. C. S. Rao, IFS CCF cum Project of Forests, Environment and Wildlife, Government of Director, Mr. Udai Gurung, IFS Additional Project Sikkim.

Mt. Everest at the background as viewed from Kalijhar (Phoktay Dara), near Chiwabhanjang, Barsey Rhododendron Sanctuary, West Sikkim Photo: Rajen Pradhan

Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 51 Nature Trek to Phoktay Dara, West Sikkim

December 28-29, 2016 Rajen Pradhan, Sr. Programme Officer (ENVIS)

What could have been much exciting than to relish Our trek started from Uttarey village in West Sikkim the fresh air at a hillock with splendid sunrise, lucid at around 9 AM. We set on foot with thirteen member blue sky and the majestic view of snowcapped world’s team including two porters and a guide. We steadily highest mountain peaks Mt Everest (Nepal) and Mt. ascended towards Chewabhanjang (10,000ft), our Khangchendzonga (Sikkim, India) together. desired base camp, though we halted at several places for a breather and quick snack at Chitre SSB Camp. The Well, I must refer to the technical guidance of Mr. 10 Km steep trail took us almost seven hours to reach Nagendra Rizal, Range Officer (KNP) West for letting our desired camp as most of us were experiencing a me have this eternal memory of splendid days of my rather pleasant fatigue of first ever high altitude trek. first ever nature trek! Over the years, I have been We had all time in the world and the company of advocating actions for the mother earth but never had family and friends made our first trek more splendid. this opportunity until then to explore nature at the wild. The trail was clean and devoid of any plastic litter Needed a break from the office environment and I set and we ensured that all our wastes were carried back. myself for a short nature trek befittingly accompanied We reached Chewanbhanjang at 4 PM. Thanks to the by my closest family members. generosity of border police and SSB for letting us set 0 Far away from the hustle of concrete city life, it was camps and also for providing blankets as it was -3 C amazing to feel the chill breeze amidst pristine forest, sleep under the windy though star-filled bright sky. whistling springs, charming birds and mesmerizing Some of us had to board the tourist lodge as well. It landscape of hills and mountain peaks. Top of the was rather fun and learning experience for us, so few World! shortcomings and inconvenience hardly mattered.

Mt. Everest at the background

52 Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 Real challenge was yet to come. We set off early morning at 4 AM from Chewabhanjan to Phoktay Dara. At dawn, very cold and windy, the 3 km steep rocky trail with ascent to 12000ft, we really had to gasp for air and energy, though our guide was very acquainted and patiently waited for us. At last when we reached the hill top, our anxiety and emotions killed all our fatigue of being in thin air. We were blessed indeed with a magnificent sunrise that first lit the Mt. Everest and then Mt. Khangchendzonga and other peaks on the Singalila Range in sequence. The proximity of these mountains made us feel astonishingly amazed as the splendor was beyond our wildest imaginations. We spent about two hours at Phoktay Dara, offered our prayers to the holy mountain, our guardian deity and had priceless fun with photo sessions. Our descent was very quick and it took just three hours back to Uttarey from Chewabhanjang. Cheers!!

Mt. Khangchendzonga at the background

Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 53 Conclave on Innovation The Customary Annual Sikkim and Progress of Flower Show Competition 2017 Ecotourism in Sikkim

February 16, 2017: As an important step in considering the significance of 2017 being the UN Year of Sustainable Tourism, Sikkim Ecotourism Directorate under the JICA assisted Sikkim Biodiversity Conservation and Forest March 19, 2017: With the objective of encouraging people to Management Project being implemented by participate in conservation of Orchids in the Himalayan region and the State Forests, Environment and Wildlife to develop an alternate means of livelihood, the customary annual Management Department organized a Conclave Sikkim Flower Show Competition 2017 was held at the Chogyal Palden Thondup Namgyal Memorial Park, Gangtok on the 19th of on Innovation and Progress of Ecotourism in th March 2017. The competitive flower exhibits on was inaugurated by Sikkim on the 16 of February, 2017 at Sidkeong the Honourable Chief Minister Shri. Pawan Chamling. Also present Tulku Forest Conference Hall, Deorali, Gangtok. during the occasion was Shri. Somnath Poudyal, Minister and Shri. The conclave was organized as a follow up of the Phintso Chopel, Parliamentary Secretary along with Heads of familiarization tour undertaken by both local and Department and other officers. visiting tour operators to four Ecotourism Zones, The prize money for the winners was jointly sponsored by the namely, Lingdok – Pangthang, Okharey, Kitam Department of Forest, Environment and Wildlife Management and East Pendam. Department, Government of Sikkim and Sikkim Flower Show Committee. Attended by over hundred participants representing local tourism stakeholders, tour operators from The Competition was held in two main categories as follows: Sikkim and a team of twelve tour operators from • Division A: (Special Division) - “Sikkim Flower Festival other States such as Karnataka, Maharashtra, Orchid Award 2017” Gujarat and West Sikkim, the conclave gave • Division B: Display of species orchid minimum 50 species an excellent opportunity to the participants to The winners of the above two categories are as under: come under one roof with an idea to converge, 1. Division A: “Display of 50 pots Cymbidium Hybrids deliberate, share and learn about different facets 1st Prize: Rs 1,00,000/- Shri. Karma Tempa and Sangay Tsering of tourism and ecotourism in Sikkim’s context and Bhutia of Pakyong imbibe values of sustainable tourism principles 2nd Prize: Rs 50,000/- Darjeeling G. Lowianum Orchid Society, and practices. Pokhriabung The inaugural session of this day long programme 3rd Prize: Rs 30,000/- Shri. Prem Kumar Dahal, Namcheybung, was graced by the State Tourism Minister Naibutar Shri Ugen T. GyatsoBhutia as the chief guest. 4th Prize: Rs 25,000/- Shri. Kumar Yonzon, Pakyong Formal opening of the conclave was conveyed 5th Prize: Rs.10,000/- Shri. Karma Bhutia and Samten Dorjee by the State Forest Minister Shri T. W. Lepcha Gurung, Pakyong in presence of Secretary for Tourism and Civil 2. Division B: Species Orchid 50 different species Aviation Department Shri C. Zangpo, Chief 1st Prize: Rs 35,000/- Shri. Sangay Gyampo Bhutia, Karthok Conservator of Forests Shri C. S. Rao, Director 2nd Prize: Rs 25,000/- Tie between Shri. Samten Dorjee Gurung for Ecotourism Shri J. B. Subba and other officers and Shri. Tenzing Ongchu Sherpa from the host department. The President of Travel 3rd Prize: Rs 15,000/- Shri. Karma Bhutia and Shri. Bhim Agent Association of Sikkim (TAAS) Shri Palzor Bahadur Subba of Karthok, Pakyong Lachungpa also presented keynote address on the 4th Prize: Rs 10,000/- Smt. Dhan Maya Gurung, South Karthok role of TAAS in promoting tourism industry of the 5th Prize: Rs. 6000/- Shri.Bikram Chettri, Namcheybung State through sustainable practices. 6th Prize: Rs. 5000/- Shri. Arjun Subba of Pakyong

54 Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 Ecotourism Zones in Sikkim

he Directorate of Ecotourism under the Forest, NAMPONG LINGDOK ECOTOURISM ZONE Environment and Wildlife Management TDepartment has identified and demarcated 11 areas in Sikkim as ecotourism zones. Further the State Government of Sikkim has approved and notified them as ecotourism zones to be developed under JICA assisted Sikkim Biodiversity Conservation and Forest Management Project (SBFP). These ecotourism zones are considered to be the core intervention areas and through structured interventions they will be developed as model ecotourism areas during the project period. Nampong Lingdok ecotourism zone is located in the East District of Sikkim. SBFP has identified two In terms of the geographical coverage, the selected EDC’s namely LINGDOK-PANGTHANG EDC and ecotourism zones are spread across all the 4 districts TUMIN EDC, as the focal units for ecotourism tourism of the state. The map representation indicates the list of development in this zone. ecotourism zones being selected and developed under the ecotourism component of SBFP. During the course Fambonglho Wildlife Sanctuary and its biodiversity of the project period, the project will extend support to values acts as the core ecotourism feature of this the selected ecotourism zones in the areas of product & zone. Besides this, the cultural features associated package development, training and capacity building, with communities belonging to diverse ethnic groups stakeholder partnership & departmental convergence, who inhabit the adjoining villages namely Pangthang, infrastructure development, promotion & marketing Tumin, Lingdok, etc. is being considered for ecotourism and solid waste management system. development here. Panda | Vol. 9 | Issue 4 | 2016-17 55 OKHAREY ECOTOURISM ZONE EAST PENDAM ECOTOURISM ZONE Khangchendzonga National Park acts as the core ecotourism feature of this zone with cultural features especially associated with communities belonging to diverse ethnic groups who are living in villages in the LachenDzumsa.

LACHUNG ECOTOURISM ZONE

Okharey ecotourism zone is located in the West District of Sikkim. SBFP had identified two EDC’s namely UPPER OKHAREY EDC and RIBDI EDC as focal points for It is located adjoining the Barsey all the ecotourism related development in Rhododendron Sanctuary, in the West the area. Barsey Rhododendron Sanctuary District of Sikkim. HEE-PATAL EDC, acts as the core ecotourism feature of this MARTAM EDC and BERMOIK EDC have zone with cultural features especially been chosen as the focal units for ecotourism It is located in the North District of Sikkim. associated with communities belonging to tourism development in this zone. LachungDzumsa GPU is being covered for diverse ethnic groups who are living in the KHECHEOPALRI ECOTOURISM ZONE the ecotourism development in the region adjoining villages in Okharey and Ribdi- wherein the SINGHBA FAKA EDC is Bareng GPU’s. chosen as the focal institution. DZONGU ECOTOURISM ZONE LINGEE ECOTOURISM ZONE

It is located in the West District of Sikkim. For It is located in the South District of Sikkim. the ecotourism development in the zone, two SBFP had identified two EDC’s namely Dzongu ecotourism zone is located in the JFMC’s namely TSOZO KHECHEOPALRI MAIDAM-SUMSHI EDC and KAU North District of Sikkim. SBFP had identified JFMC and MELIACHANG – TOPONG CHAUREY DARA EDC as the focal units five EDC’s in the zone for its planned JFMC has been chosen as focal agencies. ecotourism interventions. The EDC’s for ecotourism tourism development in this selected are LEEK EDC, TINGYONG KITAM ECOTOURISM ZONE zone. Maenam Wildlife Sanctuary acts as EDC, LINGZYA EDC, BEY PENTONG the core ecotourism feature of this zone with EDC and SAKYONG EDC. These EDC’s cultural features especially associated with will become the focal points and through communities belonging to diverse ethnic which various assistance on ecotourism groups inhabiting adjoining villages in development in the region will be taken Lingee and Payong GPU’s. up. Khangchendzonga National Park is the UTTAREY ECOTOURISM ZONE core ecotourism feature of this zone along with the cultural features associated with communities belonging to diverse ethnic groups who are living in the adjoining It is located in the South District of Sikkim. villages in the Dzongu region. SBFP had identified the MAYUR KITAM HEE-BERMIOK ECOTOURISM ZONE EDC as the focal unit for ecotourism tourism development in this zone. It is located in the West District of Sikkim. LACHEN ECOTOURISM ZONE The Sikkim Biodiversity Conservation and Forest Management Project has selected the Uttarey EDC for its ecotourism development activities in the zone. Barsey Rhododendron Sanctuary acts as the core ecotourism feature of this zone with cultural features associated with It is located in the East District of Sikkim. communities belonging to diverse ethnic Three JFMC’s namely BUDANG- It is located in the North District of Sikkim. groups who are living in the adjoining SAJONG JFMC, EAST PENDAM JFMC Lachen Dzumsa GPU is being covered for villages namely Gumpa Dara, Upper and PAKYONG JFMC are being selected the ecotourism development in the region Mukrang, etc. as frontal institutions for ecotourism wherein the LACHEN EDC is chosen as the development in the zone under SBFP. focal institution. Source: www.ecotourismsikkim.com

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