Dapp.Com Store

Making the Blockchain Come Alive

Removing the Barriers to Mainstream Adoption of Decentralized Applications

WHITE PAPER

Authors: Kyle Lu, Eric Jiang, Haoda Wang Date: November 15th, 2018 Version: Draft 0.6

This version and its contents are current as of November 15th, 2018 and supersede all previous versions of this white paper or any public statements made about Dapp.com and the Dapp.com token sale, and are subject to change. This English version is to be relied upon as the most accurate and up to date, as other language versions may have mistranslations or be outdated.

Five years from now, people will be using decentralized applications (dapps) as much as they use traditional apps. Sound far-fetched? Perhaps not. There is a rapid growth in the dapp market - the number of dapps built on Ethereum has increased by 80 times and the number of dapp users has increased by 30 times in the last 14

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_adoption_life_cycle https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_adoption_life_cycle https:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_adoption_life_cycle https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_adoption_life_cycle https:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_adoption_life_cycle https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_adoption_life_cycle https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_adoption_life_cycle https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_adoption_life_cycle months. But we’re still at the very beginning of the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_adoption_life_cycletechnology adoption https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_adoption_life_cycle cycle. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_adoption_life_cycle https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_adoption_life_cycle

Satoshi Nakamoto kicked off the Bitcoin and blockchain revolution in 2008. Bitcoin launched in 2009, followed by Ethereum and its smart contracts in July 2015. Ethereum was essentially the ﬁrst blockchain platform for decentralized application (dapp). After a cautious start, we’ve seen the biggest growth in this technology happen in the last two years.

Although dapps are still in their infancy and largely limited to games, social and decentralized exchanges, their potential is huge. The world is ready for decentralized technology that is transparent and puts users in control. As the technology matures and becomes more developer- and user-friendly, mass adoption of dapps is inevitable.

The following barriers exist in developing and adopting dapps:

• Figuring out which dapps are good quality, active and worth using is difﬁcult. • Using dapps can be complicated and costly. • There are too many blockchains running on separate ecosystems, to develop dapps on different blockchains is difﬁcult.

Dapp.com’s mission is to create a blockchain-agnostic ecosystem which removes these barriers and encourages dapp awareness, usage and development. This is not a short-term, quick-ﬁx project. While we have already launched several products, it will take us until Q2 2020 to create a complete ecosystem that solves the listed problems above by offering the following:

Dapp.com Store

List or launch dapp projects built on any blockchain to get mass exposure. Users can ﬁnd interesting, credible dapps from various blockchains in one place utilizing UGC and Dapp.com Ranking, an open sourced ranking system powered by attention-based model and adaptive learning algorithm.

Dapp.com Wallet

A wallet with a built-in dapp browser that is compatible with multiple blockchains to manage crypto assets and use dapps.

Dapp.com SDKs

Toolkits (blockchain library, data analytics, etc.) to help developers build their dapp projects quickly and easily on any of the mainstream blockchains.

Dapp Network

A network that is compatible with multiple other blockchains. It will be scalable and specially designed to support decentralized applications.

1 Developer User

Dapp.com SDK Dapp.com Store Dapp.com Wallet

Multiple Provider Engine Ranking Multi-chain Dapp Browser Account Management Kit Product Launch Digital Asset Management Analytics Tool Community Instant Token Swap

Dapp Network

The Kernel

Relay Relay Relay Relay Relay Cross-chain Protocol Cross-chain Protocol Cross-chain Protocol Cross-chain Protocol

Adapter Adapter Adapter Adapter …

Ethereum EOS Blockchain 1 Blockchain 2 …

2 1. Introduction and Vision 6

1.1. Dapp.com’s Vision 6 1.2. What Are Dapps and Why Are They Important? 6 1.3. Use Cases of Decentralized Applications 7 1.4. Dapp Market Capacity 8

2. Opportunity 9

2.1. Problems for Users 9 2.2. Problems for Dapp Developers 10 2.3. Problems for Blockchains 10

3. Dapp.com 10

3.1. Overview 3.2. Master Plan 3.2.1. Phase 1: Expand the Dapp Ecosystem and Community 3.2.2. Phase 2: The Underlying Layer 3.3. Dapp.com Store (Phase 1) 3.3.1. Dapp.com Ranking 3.3.2. Content Platform 3.3.3. Open Data Service 3.3.4. Implementation 3.4. Dapp.com Wallet (Phase 1) 3.4.1. Dapp.com Wallet Features 3.4.2. Implementation 3.5. Dapp.com SDK (Phase 1) 3.5.1. Implementation 3.6. Dapp Network (Phase 2) 3.6.1 Implementation

4. Ecosystem 27

4.1. Ecosystem Map and Participants 27 4.2. Partnerships 28

5. Token Economy 29

5.1. Introduction 29 5.2. Token Usage 29 5.3. Token Implementation 29

6. Structure 30

6.1. Corporation Structure 30 6.2. Governance 30 6.3. Exchanges 31

7. Business Operation 31

7.1. Business Model 31

8. Timeline 32

3 8.1. Development Roadmap 32

9. Token Generation Event 33

9.1. Token Sale Information 33 9.2. Fund Allocation: Use of Proceeds of Token Sale 35 9.3. Distribution Schedule 35

10. Team 36

10.1. Team 36 10.2. Advisors 37

11. Disclaimer 38

4 1. Introduction and Vision

1.1. Dapp.com’s Vision

Within the next ﬁve years, dapps will be widely applied in traditional apps.

This prediction is bold but not unfeasible. Blockchain adoption is accelerating at pace, and public awareness increasing. Factor in the misuse of big data and personal data breaches, and we have a world that is ready for technology that puts users in control. The possibilities that dapps offer to change the world we live in are endless and exciting.

http://Dapp.com http://Dapp.com http://Dapp.com http://Dapp.com http://Dapp.com http://Dapp.com http://Dapp.com http://Dapp.com http://Dapp.com http://Dapp.com http://Dapp.com http://Dapp.com Within the context of this massive shift, http://Dapp.comDapp.com http://Dapp.com http://Dapp.com aims to be the go-to destination for dapps. We provide http://Dapp.com http://Dapp.com http://Dapp.com inspiration, tools and trusted information for developers and users who want to explore the potential of blockchain and decentralized technology.

We are creating an entire ecosystem which removes the obstacles to dapp adoption and encourages dapp awareness, usage and development. We will empower developers to realize their vision via our dapp store, software development kits and cross-chain network. Users will be able to discover, analyze and use dapps in the easiest way.

Dapp.com is where the blockchain comes alive.

1.2. What Are Dapps and Why Are They Important?

Traditional applications (apps) are powered by a central service, whereas decentralized applications (dapps) use smart contracts to put their core logic and data https://idex.market/on the blockchain or distributed network.

Why should the world take interest in dapps? There are several important beneﬁts:

• Apps, including their underlying open source technology and data, are not controlled by anyone. They cannot be shut down at the whim of their creator or a controlling body. • The data/transaction cannot be erased once it is generated. • Operations are completely transparent and recorded on the public ledger.

These advantages have inspired the creation of a large number and a variety of decentralized applications. From token creation to Gods Unchained (currently the largest decentralized game), the potential of dapps is being unleashed - and people’s understanding of this technology is evolving with it.

1.3. Use Cases of Decentralized Applications

Revolutionary dapps like these show users the practical potential of decentralized technology beyond cryptocurrencies.

Decentralized Exchange (DEX)

https://idex.market/ https://idex.market/ https://idex.market/ https://idex.market/ IDEXhttps://idex.market/ is a real-time, high-throughput, semi-decentralized exchange based on Ethereum smart contracts. IDEX https://idex.market/ consists of smart contracts, trading engines and trading arbitrators. The trading engine and trading arbitrators ensure that transactions can be matched quickly. The user’s private key must be used to authorize all transactions. Smart contracts guarantee the security of both the user's property and the transaction process itself.

Crypto Collectibles

https://www.cryptokitties.co/ https://www.cryptokitties.co/ https:// www.cryptokitties.co/ https://www.cryptokitties.co/ https:// www.cryptokitties.co/ https://www.cryptokitties.co/ https:// www.cryptokitties.co/ https://www.cryptokitties.co/ https:// CryptoKittieswww.cryptokitties.co/ https://www.cryptokitties.co/ https:// are digital, collectible cats that are built on the Ethereum blockchain. They can be bought and sold www.cryptokitties.co/ https://www.cryptokitties.co/ using Ether and bred to create new cats. Each kitty owns its own unique immutable genes and visual appearance. CryptoKitties is a practical use case for digital scarcity and digital collectibles. It pioneered the use of ERC-721, a protocol which is the standard for transactions and ownership of non-fungible assets on the

5 blockchain. In this case, the transparency and proof of data ownership on the blockchain ensured each kitty’s ownership and scarcity.

Decentralized Social Media

https://steemit.com https://steemit.com https://steemit.com https://steemit.com https://steemit.com https://steemit.com https://steemit.com https://steemit.com https://steemit.comSteemit https://steemit.com is an incentivized, blockchain-based social media platform. It combines traditional social media with a https://steemit.com https://steemit.com community that rewards contributors of valuable content with crypto currencies. There is no overall authority on Steemit: everyone has ownership of their published content, and the value is determined by the entire social network. Currently, Steemit users reject centralized content-ﬁltering policies of platforms like Facebook and Twitter. Decentralized social media enables freedom of speech in the truest sense.

Decentralized Open World

https://decentraland.org/ https://decentraland.org/ https://decentraland.org/ https://decentraland.org/ https://decentraland.org/https://decentraland.org/ https://decentraland.org/ https://decentraland.org/ https://decentraland.org/ https://decentraland.org/ https://decentraland.org/ https://decentraland.org/ https://decentraland.org/Dencentraland https://decentraland.org/ https://decentraland.org/ is a virtual world built on Ethereum. Lands in Dencentraland are irreplaceable, transferable https://decentraland.org/ https://decentraland.org/ https://decentraland.org/ digital assets stored in Ethereum smart contracts. Users can claim ownership of a virtual territory through the blockchain-based ledger and then determine what will be published on that territory. Since Decentraland is not hosted on any single server, it can never be lost or drastically changed. This is in contrast to internet companies that host and control virtual platforms, which they can close or enforce changes on that suit their own agenda, not the community’s needs.

1.4. Dapp Market Capacity

Taking the Ethereum blockchain as an example, since June 2017, amount of dapp launched on the Ethereum has maintained a monthly growth rate of over 10% and a 80-time increase in the last 14 months. Their smart contract shows that the cumulative transactions amount has exceeded 27 million times, and the accumulated transaction volume exceeds 10 million ETHs. The number of unique dapp users increased over 30 times within the same period of time - from 17,128 unique addresses (users) in June 2017 to 950,000 in September 2018. However, these 950,000 users only takes less then 2% of the total amount of 43,504,261 addresses (October 1st) on Ethereum - there is a huge potential for further growth in dapp’s usage.

By June of 2017 By September of 2018 Number of Dapps 7 Number of Dapps 913 Transactions Amount 386,181 Transactions Amount 27,784,804 1,200 30,000,000 Transactions Volume 1,939,084.84 ETH Transactions Volume 10,462,798.90 ETH 12,000,000 Unique Users 17,138 Unique Users 943,691 1,200,000

800 20,000,000 8,000,000 800,000

400 10,000,000 4,000,000 400,000

2017/06 2017/07 2017/08 2017/09 2017/10 2017/11 2017/12 2018/01 2018/02 2018/03 2018/04 2018/05 2018/06 2018/07 2018/08 2018/09 2018/10

Number of Dapps Transactions Amount Transactions Volume Number of Users

Growth and Usage of Ethereum Dapps

On the other end, the performance of other mainstream blockchains on dapp is also very exciting. Over 80 dapps were developed within 3 months since the launch of EOS mainnet and the NEO blockchain had incubated 20 decentralized games within months. The era of dapp has come.

2. Opportunity

While dapps have many advantages over centralized applications, several problems are preventing mass adoption. These problems are Dapp.com’s opportunities:

6 2.1. Problems for Users

• Dapps are hard to ﬁnd and measure The rapid increase in the number of dapps has made it harder for users to ﬁnd high quality ones. The number of live dapps scattered across the current 30+ live blockchains around the world had reached an average monthly growth rate of 10% over the last 6 months.

Because blockchains are decentralized and isolated from one another, users can’t explore all dapps in an ofﬁcial store like the Apple App Store. Since there are costs involved when using dapps and there is no central authority to verify the codes and contents of a dapp, it takes more efforts for users to identify valuable dapps. With the number of dapps growing fast, ﬁnding and identifying high-quality, valuable dapps with active user bases is a growing problem.

• Dapps are hard to use/access To use a dapp on any blockchain, users need three things: a wallet, utility tokens for the corresponding network and payment (in tokens) for digital goods and services, and (sometimes), network transaction fees. These three requirements create learning, time and monetary barriers to dapp adoption and use. For example, as of October 1st, 2018, only less than 2% of the total account created on the Ethereum blockchain had used dapps. The same requirements are needed for other blockchains, which create even more difﬁculties.

2.2. Problems for Dapp Developers

• Choosing a blockchain platform is difﬁcult There are over 30 blockchains running on separate ecosystems and each of them features different scalabilities and specializations. Although they share many similarities, the programming languages and development tools are usually different. The developers have to spend great amount of time to learn in order to choose the suitable platforms. Developers are already facing ‘blockchain dependence’ issues in this early stage, and it will only become more difﬁcult for their dapps to migrate between blockchains over time.

• Lack of distribution channels for dapps Promoting a newly developed dapp is crucial to its adoption and survival. But with the dapp community currently scattered across different blockchains, dapp creators need to run multiple promotions, which are costly. Additionally, most dapp communities target professional developers and blockchain practitioners, which is intimidating to ordinary users. To make dapps mainstream, we need a user-friendly platform that integrates multi-chain dapps and bridges the gap between professional developers and regular users.

2.3. Problems for the Blockchains

• Separate blockchains ecosystems leads to pool user experience; and user and data silos. Isolating different public and private blockchains solves some problems, but also leads to information silos and causing huge waste of resources. Separate dapps and blockchain ecosystems are built on different platforms with no connections between them. What’s worse is the disconnect between blockchains causes restricted access to dapps and limits the number of dapp users. For dapps (and blockchains) to thrive, it is crucial to remove the barriers between these independent databases and establish connections that allow data exchange.

3. Dapp.com

3.1. Overview

7 Dapp.com is committed to creating an ecosystem to drive the widespread adoption, usage and creation of dapps. This goal is not a quick ﬁx - our solution is complex and cannot be achieved in just a few months. We will be working hard to develop and roll out technologies, phase by phase.

To create the Dapp.com ecosystem, we need to address the problems outlined in section 2:

Dapp.com’s Solution

Problem PHASE 1 PHASE 2 Expand the Dapp.com Develop functionality of the ecosystem and community underlying layer

Dapps are hard to ﬁnd and Dapp.com Store — — measure Dapp.com Ranking

Dapps are hard to use Dapp.com Store Dapp.com Wallet

Develop dapps on different Dapp.com Software blockchains is difﬁcult and costly Development Kits (SDKs)

Dapp.com Network

Lack of distribution channels for Dapp.com Store dapps Dapp.com Ranking

Blockchains are disconnected — — from one another

• Phase 1: The Dapp.com Store, Wallet, Ranking and Software Development Kits are slightly shorter term ﬁxes to the problems we’ve identiﬁed. They are quick(er) wins that can help users and developers get on board with dapps. More details on each follow below.

• Phase 2: Our big project is the Dapp Network: a blockchain-agnostic dapp network that will eliminate the siloed effects of different blockchains, making dapp usage and development much easier.

Our network will help users discover and access high-quality decentralized applications from a variety of blockchain platforms quickly and without any barriers. When all elements of the Dapp.com ecosystem are completed and launched, users will no longer need to hold a speciﬁc blockchain’s token to use dapps built on that blockchain. Instead, users will be able to use any blockchain’s token to access the dapps and developers will be able to create dapps that are not locked to a single blockchain.

3.2. Master Plan

Because the blockchain industry changes so rapidly, we have had to adapt quickly by launching user-friendly products and growing alongside the market. Unlike other projects that build customer-focused products after the launch of their blockchain, Dapp.com began building its customer-focused product before constructing the network.

Our two-phase project in more detail:

3.2.1. Phase 1: Expand the Dapp Ecosystem and Community

8 All products and services developed in Phase 1 will facilitate and boost the rapid growth of the dapp industry:

http://www.dapp.com http://www.dapp.com http://www.dapp.com http://www.dapp.com http://www.dapp.com http://www.dapp.com http://www.dapp.com http://www.dapp.com http://www.dapp.com http://www.dapp.com http://www.dapp.com http://www.dapp.com http://www.dapp.com http://www.dapp.com http://www.dapp.com http://www.dapp.com • Dapp.com Store (live already athttp://www.dapp.com www.dapp.com http://www.dapp.com http://www.dapp.com http://www.dapp.com) http://www.dapp.com http://www.dapp.com http://www.dapp.com http://www.dapp.com The Dapp.com Store is the portal to the dapp universe. Regardless of which blockchain they are built on, dapp projects can list or launch and get mass exposure in the Dapp.com Store. Users can easily ﬁnd interesting, credible dapps based on comprehensive data analysis including our proprietary ranking algorithm, user reviews, inﬂuencers’ blogs, etc.

http://www.dapp.com/ranking http://www.dapp.com/ranking http://www.dapp.com/ranking http://www.dapp.com/ranking http://www.dapp.com/ranking http://www.dapp.com/ranking http://www.dapp.com/ranking http://www.dapp.com/ranking http://www.dapp.com/ranking http://www.dapp.com/ranking http://www.dapp.com/ranking http://www.dapp.com/ranking http://www.dapp.com/ranking http://www.dapp.com/ranking http://www.dapp.com/ranking http://www.dapp.com/ranking http://www.dapp.com/ranking http://www.dapp.com/ranking http://www.dapp.com/ranking http://www.dapp.com/ranking • Dapp.com Ranking - part of the Dapp.com Store (live already at http://www.dapp.com/rankingwww.dapp.com/ranking http://www.dapp.com/ranking http://www.dapp.com/ranking http://www.dapp.com/ranking - Beta launched http://www.dapp.com/ranking http://www.dapp.com/ranking http://www.dapp.com/ranking http://www.dapp.com/ranking in Q2 2018, Version 2.0 in Q4 2018, algorithm open source scheduled for Q1 2019) The Dapp.com Ranking system evaluates dapps according to many variables. It assigns a mark out of 100 to each dapp in the Dapp.com Store, helping users make decisions.

• Dapp.com Wallet The Dapp.com Wallet is a multi-blockchain dapp browser with a built-in Dapp.com Store. Users will be able to access dapps from different blockchains as well as manage and trade their crypto assets in one place.

• Dapp Software Development Kits (SDKs) Dapp.com’s SDKs will be tools that are compatible with multiple blockchains. With these SDKs, developers can utilize toolkits including blockchain libraries and data analytics to build their projects on any mainstream blockchain, fast, effortlessly and hassle-free.

Developer User

SDK Store Wallet

Multiple Provider Engine Ranking Multi-chain Dapp Browser

Account Management Kit Product Launch Digital Asset Management

Analytics Tool Community Instant Token Swap

Blockchain

Ethereum EOS Blockchain 1 Blockchain 2 …

Figure 1: Master Plan - Phase 1

9 3.2.2. Phase 2: The Underlying Layer

Phase 2 began alongside Phase 1. This phase further explores the blockchain’s potential by designing a dapp- speciﬁc service platform that is compatible with multiple blockchains.

The Dapp Network will be a highly-scalable blockchain-agnostic network that is compatible with multiple blockchains to provide low-cost, instant access of decentralized applications. Digital assets and information/ services from different blockchains are able to communicate and be traded easily via Dapp Network. All products and services established in Phase 1 will be migrated onto the Dapp.com Network to complete the dapp ecosystem.

Developer User

Dapp.com SDK Dapp.com Store Dapp.com Wallet

Multiple Provider Engine Ranking Multi-chain Dapp Browser Account Management Kit Product Launch Digital Asset Management Analytics Tool Community Instant Token Swap

Dapp Network

the Kernel

Relay Relay Relay Relay Relay Cross-chain Protocol Cross-chain Protocol Cross-chain Protocol Cross-chain Protocol

Adapter Adapter Adapter Adapter …

Ethereum EOS Blockchain 1 Blockchain 2 …

Figure 2: Master Plan - Phase 2

3.3. Dapp.com Store (Phase 1)

The development and growth of any new technology is directly linked to how it is applied. The Dapp.com Store plays an important role in the growth of decentralized applications.

Not only will it help users and developers in the dapp ecosystem, it also acts as a gateway into the world of blockchain. With more users learning and testing decentralized applications, the Dapp.com Store will make their search more efﬁcient and informed.

Dapp.com is already the biggest dapp platform in the world (at publication of this white paper), with a curated collection of 962 dapps from 8 different blockchain platforms. Dapp.com is also the biggest and most active dapp community worldwide.

10 The Dapp.com Store will include three key technologies:

3.3.1. Dapp.com Ranking

(Beta version live from Q2 2018, 2.0 from Q4 2018, open source due Q1 2019)

Dapp.com Ranking is the backbone of the Dapp.com Store. It helps users compare dapps and choose those with the most active communities. Using extensive statistics covering dapp contract performance, user performance and community activities, our ranking system utilizes an attention-based model and an adaptive learning algorithm to evaluate dapps comprehensively. Multiple criteria are assessed, including dapp balance, user interactions, dapp risk assessment, degree of health, community activities and more.

Dapp.com Ranking provides the dapp ecosystem with a traceable, reasonable and complete value scale. Each dapp on the Dapp.com Store displays a Dapp.com Ranking score (out of 100), helping users with conducting research and making decisions.

Activity Statistics Last Week Last Month Last 3 Months Last 6 Months Max

5000 500 500

2000 200 200

1000 100 100

500 50 50

0 Jun 28 Jun 29 Jun 30 Jul 1 Jul 2 Jul 3 Jul 4

Twitter Activity Total: 19038

Twitter Activity is a search or review transactions by student and or billing category.

Facebook Activity Total: 832

Facebook Activity is a search or review transactions by student and or billing category.

Reddit Activity Total: 1046

Reddit Activity is a search or review transactions by student and or billing category.

3.3.2. Content Platform

(Currently live)

With 1000+ valuable content items generated by users and 80+ dapp-related articles posted by prominent leaders in the test phase, we have seen that content generation will play an important role in the Dapp.com Store. Content will help users explore and discover dapps.

We will establish a formal mechanism to reward those who contribute high quality content and generate social awareness.

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Aug. 17th, 2018 52 12 23 7 Jul. 18th, 2018 52 12 23 7 Aug. 29th, 2018 4212 12 23 7

3.3.3. Open Data Service

(Live from Q1 2019)

Dapp.com’s data and algorithms will be accessible to developers for reference to improve products.

11 Third-party platforms will be able to pull data and build their own dapp markets with our API service, which we may monetize in the future.

3.3.4. Implementation

Application Layer Dapp Store Community Media Open API Dapp Distribution Platform

Logic Layer Recommendation System Account System Dapp Ranking System Incentive System

Persistence Layer Datebase IPFS

Data Source Data Spider User Generated Content User Trace Data Third-party Data Smart Contract Gateway

Figure 3: Dapp.com Store Structure

The Dapp.com Store, launched in June 2018, is continuously updated. Version 2.0 is launched in October 2018. The product has four layers:

• Application layer On top of the logic layer, there is a series of applications including the store, dapp distribution platform and open API etc. available to third parties.

• Logic layer The logic layer is a speciﬁc business service layer and includes record mining, a user incentive system, an intelligent recommendation system, our ranking system based on dapp data modeling, and an account association system.

• Persistence layer The persistence layer uses the binary structure, which combines the traditional database with IPFS to process the data and expose data interfaces to the upper layer. For non-sensitive information, we use traditional database storage. IPFS plays an important role in the storage of critical data. In order to avoid data tampering, we store the hash value of the data in the blockchain.

• Data source The data source includes a data spider, user generated content, user behaviour data, third-party data, and a smart contract gateway.

This hierarchical structure simpliﬁes the data relationship between layers, enhances decoupling and facilitates engineering modularization, which makes sustainable iterative development possible in the future.

3.4. Dapp.com Wallet (Phase 1)

Currently, most wallets on the market fulﬁll users’ needs for digital asset management. But the demand for access to decentralized products and management of non-fungible tokens is increasing. The boom in the token economy and decentralized applications has led to different types of tokens on different blockchains.

With this on the rise, the following two problems are hindering access to dapps:

12 A. Running dapps on multiple blockchains is difﬁcult

Dapps rely on the speciﬁc libraries of different blockchains, which require dapp browsers to communicate with the blockchain nodes. Today, only a few wallets can run dapps, and none are able to access decentralized services on multiple blockchains. While wallets are the best ﬁt for using dapps, the current products on the market have inconvenient limitations.

B. Holding and managing tokens of dapps from multiple blockchains is difﬁcult

Dapps usually require users to hold tokens which are often dapp-speciﬁc and based on different blockchains. When this is the case, managing, transferring, and holding these tokens in a single wallet is difﬁcult, if not impossible. Users need a user-friendly way of accessing several decentralized services that each need their own token.

Dapp.com’s Wallet will be a blockchain asset-management tool that allows instant access to decentralized services.

3.4.1. Dapp.com Wallet Features

Compared with traditional crypto wallets, Dapp.com’s Wallet offers these four key features:

• Multi-chain asset management The wallet allows users to store and manage fungible and non-fungible tokens from different blockchains.

• Instant token swap The wallet allows users to trade tokens easily via smart contracts. We are considering using well-established services such as KyberSwap and Airswap to realize instant on-chain ERC-20 token exchange. Bridge protocols like Polkadot and Cosmos could in future enable the Dapp.com Wallet to achieve cross-chain token swaps.

• Multi-blockchain dapp browser Communication with different blockchain platforms is enabled, allowing blockchain agnostic access to decentralized applications and services.

• Third-party API support We will provide SDKs for payment services with common programming languages to allow for easy integration with dapps on different blockchains.

13 3.4.2. Implementation

User

Dapp.com Wallet

Front-End Layer

Browser Accounts

Web-view for Dapps User Account

Web3 In-page Agent Transactions

Back-End Layer

Hybrid Tunnels

ETH Library EOS Library Other Libraries

Wallet Conﬁguration

Storage

Blockchain

Contracts Accounts

Figure 4: Dapp.com Wallet Structure

14 The Dapp.com Wallet includes front-end and back-end layers, which communicate through the remote procedure call (RPC).

Front-end layer The front-end layer is located in the browser to handle user interactions, and includes:

Browser Module: • This is the WebView container that runs dapps. • It is the Dapp.com Wallet’s in-page agent, which intercepts the front-end request and interacts with the back-end layer.

Accounts Module: • This is responsible for displaying user account and transaction information, and for initiating transactions.

Back-end layer The back-end layer runs as a thread for user data storage and remote blockchain interaction events. It consists of four parts: • Hybrid tunnels for handling cross-chain requests • Libraries for communicating with different public chains • Conﬁguration ﬁles • Storage components.

The four features listed above are made possible by the following three components (highlighted in red on Figure 4):

1. User component This enables the storage and management of multi-blockchain tokens, and displays information from the multiple blockchain accounts. Users can bind multiple accounts on blockchains with a single login action and check account balances, transaction records, and other information.

2. Transactions component This component enables token exchange and transfer on the same blockchain.

3. Hybrid tunnels component This component intercepts the front-end request, identiﬁes the corresponding blockchain actions, and distributes the request to the corresponding library which is responsible for communicating with the back-end to enable multi-chain dapp interaction.

3.5. Dapp.com SDK (Phase 1)

Developers have to choose which of the many blockchains they want to work on and learn how to develop on it. Each blockchain provides its own Software Development Kits (SDKs).

From the planning and early development stages, developers are bound to the blockchain they choose, signiﬁcantly limiting their application’s future migration to different blockchains. Developers deserve the right to evaluate, use, and switch to the blockchain that suits their business and choices the best.

15 The Dapp.com SDK is a multi-blockchain development toolkit that enables cross-blockchain dapp development and migration easily. We offer tools to enable dapp accessibility on all kinds of browsers. For already-built dapps, developers can integrate the Dapp.com SDK without changing any of their original business logic code.

The wallet account system uses the AES symmetric encryption algorithm to ensure the privacy and security of account information. The SDK also includes analytical functions for tracking user behavior and collecting relevant data for accurate feedback. The payment management function will allow developers to customize token contracts for payment and provide speciﬁc APIs that make it easy for developers to use the any tokens as the currency of their dapps.

3.5.1. Implementation

User

Web Decentralized App

Frontend Layer

SDK Interface Account Manager

SDK Status Manager

Rpc

Backend Layer

Hybrid Provider Engine Conﬁguration Manager User Data Tracker

ETH Library RPC Conﬁguration

EOS Library Encrypted Key

Blockchain Data Analytic Ethereum EOS Other Blockchains Server

Figure 5: Dapp.com SDK Framework

The three core components of the Dapp.com SDK are:

16 • User Interaction Module • Service Provider Module

1. Provider engines for different blockchains 2. Conﬁguration and storage for application management 3. Data transaction components for back-end analytics tools

• Data Analytics Module

The User Interaction and Service Provider Modules both run in client. One handles user actions and manages account status, and the other offers HTTP provider and proceed remote interaction with the blockchain. These two modules communicate via RPC (Remote Procedure Call).

3.6. Dapp.com Network (Phase 2)

The Dapp Network will be a highly-scalable blockchain-agnostic network that is compatible with multiple blockchains to provide low-cost, instant access of decentralized applications. Digital assets and information/ services from different blockchains are able to communicate and be traded easily via Dapp Network. We will partner with leading blockchain companies and specialists to develop the Dapp Network.

Dapp Network will become a solution for public blockchain to increase scalability and reduce the cost of development and use of decentralized applications. We foresee that Dapp Network will support the following use cases:

1. To use different decentralized applications and services on different blockchains using DPT or other tokens. In addition to reducing the cost of user acquisition for good dapps that where built on different blockchains, it also provides more usage of different tokens. 2. To allow development of dapps or migrate dapps and assets across different blockchains easily. The Network is able to achieve high throughput with low cost, which also can be used as a high-speed side- chain for other blockchain platforms. We can expect that a users would be able to play Etheremon (A game built on Ethereum) with zero cost on Dapp Network and have their paid in-game core assets on Ethereum.

When the network is launched, all Dapp.com’s services and users will gradually integrate with the Dapp.com Network to complete the ecosystem.

3.6.1 Implementation

Dapps Dapp Dapp Dapp …

Dapp Node Dapp Node Dapp Node Kernel … (Contract Account) (Contract Account) (Contract Account)

Resource Manage Node Manage Node Manage Node … Management

Adapter ETH Adapter EOS Adapter Other Adapter …

Blockchain Ethereum EOS BlockChain1 …

Figure 6: The Dapp.com Network

17 The Dapp.com Network has ﬁve structural layers:

• Application layer The application layer offers WebAssembly (Wasm) virtual machines that support multiple programming languages to facilitate fast application development.

The Wasm virtual machines provide speciﬁc APIs for the kernel and for interaction with the resource management layer.

• Kernel layer The kernel is a high-performance distributed ledger that supports smart contracts, providing the ability to verify assets and transactions. Developers are able to access external resources by triggering external transactions via actions in the kernel.

The kernel is the core of the Dapp.com Network and consists of a DAG base sub-layer and an application sub-layer. Combined, the sub-layers construct a highly efﬁcient distributed ledger with ﬁnite nodes for running smart contracts and managing cross-blockchain transactions based on Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) strategy and Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG).

The base sub-layer uses DAG technology to ensure the efﬁciency of the platform. The system is able to achieve high throughputs and be more decentralized, without bookkeepers.

• Resource management layer The resource management layer deﬁnes a series of protocols for interaction with the blockchains. Its functions include asset mapping, asset management and asset exchange on different blockchains.

This layer provides distributed ledgers that enable the kernel to manage multiple assets, such as Bitcoin, Ethereum, EOS, etc. It deﬁnes a set of APIs that interact with the kernel, through which applications can communicate with different blockchains.1 These system calls are deﬁned as standard JSON-RPC interfaces and can be used in the same process using sockets or HTTP/HTTPS protocols.

The core APIs of the resource management layer are:

1. Resource management registration API: Provides identity authentication and registration information data to the kernel. 2. Functional interaction protocol API: Provides the function list and parameter list for the resource management layer’s interaction with the upper and lower layers. 3. Asset mapping protocol: One of the most important protocols for asset exchanges between the kernel and different blockchains in the underlying layer. The protocol associates an account in the kernel with a variety of external assets and also provides updates to both sides. Whenever an asset in the blockchain has changed, the asset management layer sends a transaction request to the kernel. 4. Cross-chain protocol: Different components from the resource management layer share uniﬁed cross- chain protocols and are managed by the kernel.

• Blockchain Adaptor layer The blockchain adaptor layer is an abstract protocol layer to communicate with the blockchains. It consists of blockchain adaptors that implement the upper interface of speciﬁed data formats.

This layer is a set of smart contracts running bases on different blockchains. It interacts and associates with the resource management layer to unify APIs and implement speciﬁc functions from different blockchains.

The Dapp.com Network will initially provide adaptor implementation for commonly used blockchains like Bitcoin, Ethereum and EOS. When the network is open-sourced, anyone will be able to make a contribution to improve the protocols and develop additional adaptors.

• Blockchain layer The blockchain layer is the underlying layer of the entire system. It includes well established blockchains like Ethereum and EOS.

18 Assets in the Dapp Network can be published at the Kernel and the Blockchain Layer while the Resource Management Layer managed and stored the assets. User’s Dapp Network account will be mapped with his accounts of other blockchains, which are managed by the Kernel. In a certain determination time, the asset can only exist in one of the following three layers: the Kernel, the Relay Chain or the Blockchain Layer. Assets will be marked with three states on the blockchain:

• OnChain: Assets are active on the current chain and can be operated • OffChain: Assets are inactive on the current chain - it has been transferred to other blockchains • Locked: The asset is frozen - it can be veriﬁed but cannot be operated.

The following is the ﬂow of a cross-chain transactions when eg. Someone uses DPT tokens to buy one CryptoKitty (ERC-721 token).

Asset Asset Asset Asset Asset Dapp Network on-chain off-chain/lock off-chain off-chain on-chain/unlock

Asset Asset Asset Asset Asset Relay Chain off-chain on-chain off-chain on-chain off-chain

Asset Asset Asset Asset Asset Public Chain off-chain off-chain off-chain off-chain/lock off-chain

Figure 7: Transfer asset between dapp network and public chain

1. The Kernel layer and the Resource Management Layer interacts through https to verify and validate the user account as well as to associate the private keys. 2. The kernel layer locks the DPT and transfer it to the Resource Management Layer. 3. The resource management layer interacts with the Ethereum blockchain through the adapter and releases equivalent value of Ether by the smart contracts. In such example, the Ethereum adapter is a set of Ethereum nodes running specific smart-contracts and the Resource Management Protocol.) When the transaction on Ethereum is finished, the CryptoKitty will be transferred to the user’s Ethereum account. 4. The Resource Management Layer confirms that the transaction is completed. And the kernel records the transaction and the DPTs used will be sent to the adapter or the the buffer pool.

4. Ecosystem

The Dapp.com team is committed to encouraging and facilitating the practical implementation of blockchain technology through dapps.

New and innovative technologies take time to become adopted and popularized, and for users to feel familiar with them. It’s important that companies and teams in our industry collaborate to help achieve this.

Because we are excited to be part of the new wave of blockchain technology, we always have an open mindset and community spirit - both in the projects we work on and in our core values. We actively embrace others who

19 share our open attitude and eagerness to work together to accelerate the maturity of decentralized technology.

4.1. Ecosystem Map and Participants

Dapp.com’s internal ecosystem consists of its products and services - expanding to our external ecosystem of decentralized applications, which is the result of various partnerships and investments.

The important participants in the Dapp ecosystem are:

Field Services Provided Partocopants

• Users • Data providers • Media, content contributors, inﬂuencers, Content and Dapp.com Store community members Community Dapp.com Ranking • Dapps, developers • Researchers, institutions, universities • Services, wallets • Blockchains

• Users Wallet / Dapp.com Wallet Browser • Dapps, developers • Blockchains

• Developers Developer Dapp.com SDK Tools • Dapps, developers • Blockchains

• Users • Developers Blockchain Dapp.com Network • Dapps, developers • Blockchains

• Investors, funds, VCs, etc. Funds / Dapp.com Labs • Developers, startups Accelerator / Institution • Researchers, institutions, universities • Blockchains

4.2. Partnerships

Stakeholder partnerships are essential to Dapp.com’s short and long term success.

We consistently work closely with the world’s leading blockchain companies and relevant ﬁrms to make a positive impact in the industry, as well as to improve our products and services. Future partnerships will be announced on an ongoing basis.

• Goopal Group

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20 • Dentons Dentons is the world's largest law ﬁrm with market-leading experience in advising various high-growth FinTech companies. Dentons served the leading blockchain companies including Genaro Network, Po.et and TenX etc.

At the time when we focus on providing products and services with a lower user threshold and better experience for accelerated the adoption of dapps, we also focus on the dapp developers, the strongest force to enable dapps to land on a large scale. With better infrastructure and better performance of blockchains, talented developers who are creative and fully understand the benefits of dapps are our final puzzle to getting dapps to mass usage. We’ve initiated a Dappathon and Dapp Developer Bootcamp, partnering with leading companies in our field to deliver knowledge to and raise awareness of our ecosystem among wider audiences. By October 23rd, we had successfully launched Dappathon and Developer Bootcamp in Kuala Lumpur and Ho Chi Minh City. Over 30 leading companies in the blockchain and IT space had supported and participated in our event as well as over 300 developers and blockchain enthusiasts. In the future, we will continue to promote Dappathon to all major cities around the world to lead more people into their decentralized journey.

Some of the leading companies that have participated in our Dappathon journey so far are:

The E

5. Token Economy

5.1. Introduction

The Dapp.com Token (DPT) is a utility token that circulates within Dapp.com’s ecosystem. DPT will initially exist as a liquid asset in our product and services, and later also as the method of payment between the Dapp.com Network and other connected blockchain platforms. DPT also plays a signiﬁcant role in providing incentives to support the ecosystem and community expansion.

5.2. Token Usage

All the products and services in Dapp.com, as well as the dapps developed/partnered with Dapp.com, will be using DPT as the basic liquid asset enabling these dapps to operate on the network.

Token usage of DPT will include but may not be limited to:

• Medium of exchange (payment utility for fees and other costs within the Dapp.com ecosystems) • Staking to get certain privileges in the Dapp.com ecosystem • Granting access to certain features of dapps and Dapp.com’s products and services • Rewards, loyalty, and other incentives • Afﬁliate programs

21 5.3. Token Implementation

Before the ofﬁcial launch of the native Dapp Network, DPT will be issued as ERC-20 standard compatible digital tokens on the Ethereum blockchain. Once the mainnet of the Dapp Network is live and stable, the ERC-20 token will be converted to the blockchain token on a one-for-one basis.

6. Structure

Dapp.com structures its operations and delivery in order to achieve our goals and roadmap. We can be ﬂexible with these if need be, adapting to changes in our industry and our business. Our different structural elements include corporation structure, governance, token rules, and exchanges.

6.1. Corporation Structure

Dapp.com is organized as a company, registered in Singapore. The tokens generated and the funds collected will belong to this company. The company is set up according to Singapore laws and regulations.

The following legal entities will enable our project to deliver on our planned roadmap:

1. Decentral Future Limited is our token sales entity. It will manage the Dapp.com Network and will use a proportion of tokens to support the development of our project and community. 2. D Labs Global Limited is our operational entity and will function as a service provider to the TOKEN SALES ENTITY (covering initial development and handover of code). It will be funded by the funds generated by the token sale, which will be used to develop Dapp.com’s products and services, including the Dapp Network. 3. Both entities (a) and (b) can set up additional entities in planned or new jurisdictions for the purposes of better organization and legal efﬁciency,

6.2. Governance

6.3. Exchanges

Dapp.com will work towards providing as many opportunities for our audiences to buy or sell DPT tokens as possible. We will partner with both decentralized and centralized exchanges that meet our commercial and legal requirements.

We will liaise with exchanges before our token sale, but will respect their business practices of delaying any announcements until the token sale has completed.

7. Business Operation

7.1. Business Model

Based on our knowledge of the blockchain industry and years of business experience in the mobile internet, Dapp.com's business model is designed as a combination of content, community and data-driven services.

Dapp.com’s future revenue streams are as follows:

22 Product Services and Descriptions Audiences Revenue

Project Listing and Ranking Dapp projects Free Dapp.com • Projects submitted to the Dapp.com Store Store will need to be reviewed comprehensively for quality control before being listed and showcased to users.

Marketing Services Dapp projects Fixed ad fees • Including paid advertisements on the or site or promotion campaigns to the commission users. based

Dapp.com Data Services Service providers, By data Store • Third-party websites or products such investors, dapp usage as crypto wallets are able to pull data projects via our APIs to use Dapp.com’s data such as information about listed dapps, ranking data, etc.

• Paid analysis report on dapps.

Consultancy and Advisory Services Dapp projects, TBD investors

Blockchain Integration Blockchains TBD • Integrate blockchains to list dapps and track dapp-related data.

Dapp.com Blockchain Integration Blockchains TBD Wallet

Dapp.com Blockchain Integration Blockchains TBD SDK

8. Timeline

8.1. Development Roadmap

- Received US$ 1.2 million angel investment Q2 2018 - Launch of Dapp.com Store Beta - Launch of Dapp.com Ranking Alpha

23 - Launch of Dapp.com Store 2.0 - Launch of Dapp.com Ranking Beta Q3 2018 - Dappathons in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

- Acquisition of Dapp Wallet Q4 2018 - Launch of Dapp.com Wallet Beta for Ethereum - Provide data tracking and ranking services for 5 mainstream blockchains - Release of white paper 1.0

- Dapp.com Ranking goes open source Q1 2019 - Dapp.com Wallet supports the EOS blockchain - Release SDK for dapp development on the EOS blockchain

- Release SDK for cross-blockchain dapp development and migration Q2 2019 - Dapp.com Wallet supports more mainstream blockchains

- Release yellow paper for Dapp Network Q3 2019 - Dapp.com SDK supports more mainstream blockchains

Q1 2020 - Release Testnet of Dapp Network

Q2 2020 - Release Mainnet of Dapp Network

9. Token Generation Event

9.1. Token Sale Information

Token Name DPT (ERC-20)

Token Price 1 ETH = 50,000 DPT

Hard Cap 20,000 ETH

Soft Cap 10,000 ETH

Token Supply 5,000,000,000 (Fixed, no future minting)

Tokens on Offering 800,000,000 (16%)

24 Private Investors- • 1,000 ETH and above 30% Bonus • 800 ETH - 1000 ETH 25% • 500 ETH - 800 ETH 20% • 300 ETH - 500 ETH 15% • 100 ETH - 300 ETH 10% Public Investors - • No bonus no lockup

The Dapp.com token sale consists of two stages: private presale (for private investors) and a public crowd sale. If the allocated number of tokens for each stage is not sold during that stage, the tokens will be rolled over to the next stage.

If this token sale does not generate 800,000,000 DPT in sales, we reserve the right to use the remaining tokens for future development.

Dapp.com’s management reserves the right to terminate the token sale, and if this decision is taken, all ETH funds will be returned to the token purchasers.

TOKEN ALLOCATION

Foundation Reserve 20% Advisors 5% Token Sale 16%

Strategic & Angel Investors 14%

Reserve for Future Sale 15%

Community and ecosystem 15% Team 15%

25 Usage Percentage Detail Lock-up Period

Release 25% every 3 months Tokens sell to selected Token Sales after listed. 11.5% institutional investors (Private) or larger buyers.

Token Sales Tokens to qualiﬁed 4.5% No lock-up. (Public) public investors.

Overall 18-month lock-up period Tokens to angel Angel Investors 9% with 1/18 released every month investors. after listed.

Tokens to strategic Strategic Investors 5% Lockup for 2 yeas. investors.

Tokens for second Lockup till next round of Future Sales 15% phase development. fundraising.

Tokens to the Locked for 1 year then release Team 15% founding team. 33% every year.

• Bounty Program - Community and 15% 3% N/A ecosystem expansion • Community Reward - 4%

• Partnership establishment and project incubation - 8%

Advisors 5% Tokens to advisors Locked for 6 months then 33.3% every 3 months.

Fund the future Lock-up for 18 years upon Foundation Reserve 20% development of the ﬁnishes of token sale. project.

26 9.2. Fund Allocation: Use of Proceeds of Token Sale

General and Administrative 10%

Legal, Auditing and Compliance 15%

Development 40%

Marketing and Promotion 35%

10. Team

10.1. Team

Kyle Lu Founder and CEO

• Serial entrepreneur. • Former Partner and Vice President of Achain. • Former director at TalkingData and Country Garden Holdings. • Bachelor of Business Administration from Ohio State University.

Eric Jiang Co-Founder and CTO

• Serial entrepreneur. • Dapps developers on the Ethereum, Nebulas and EOS. • Founder of Rational Studio - delivered over 30 commercial products for companies including Xindongfang (EDU), DiDi, SenseTime Technology and Shinho. • Bachelor’s and master’s degree in computer science from Tsinghua University.

Jun Gong Co-Founder

• Former operation lead for Smart Valor. • Co-founder of three U.S. tech startups in San Francisco and New York. • MBA from Hult International Business School.

27 Haoda Wang Lead Developer

• Co-founder of Rational Studio. • Full-stack engineer with over 15 projects experience. • Head developer of Totfree and Impossible Pharmacy • Master’s in computer science from Tsinghua University.

Wladislav Glad Design Director

• Professional in digital product design, user experience and product management. • Previously designed big data visualization solutions for DarkMatter (UAE), event SaaS products for EventBank (USA), b2c mobile app for LocationHunter (Beijing). • Master’s in information and interaction design from Tsinghua University

10.2. Advisors

Ari Meilich Zac Cheah Co-Founder at Decentraland CEO and Co-Founder at PundiX

11. Disclaimer