Boris Semjon, Jana Maľová, Tatiana Vataščinová, Pavel Maľa
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Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences vol. 13, 2019, no. 2, p. 76-82 doi: https://doi.org/10.5219/1024 Received: 28 January 2019. Accepted: 31 January 2019. Available online: 28 February 2019 at www.potravinarstvo.com © 2019 Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences, License: CC BY 3.0 ISSN 1337-0960 (online) SENSORY PROFILE OF PARENICA CHEESE VARIETIES MADE FROM PASTEURIZED COW’S MILK Boris Semjon, Jana Maľová, Tatiana Vataščinová, Pavel Maľa ABSTRACT Parenica is a steamed, lightly smoked or unsmoked cheese wounded into a roll made from pasteurized cow’s milk, with characteristic pronounced fibrous structure of curd. The aim of this work was to set up the sensory profile of smoked and unsmoked parenica cheese varieties made from pasteurized cow’s milk and changes in sensory descriptors during 14 days of storage period at the temperature of 4 ±2 °C. Descriptive analysis was carried out by 18 trained assessors, who used a vocabulary of 26 terms to quantitatively describe appearance, aroma, consistency and taste of the experimental samples and also these overall sensory parameters with acceptability. Assessors evaluated the intensity of each descriptor by assigning the score on a 10 points linear scale. Analysis of variance found significant differences between cheese varieties (p <0.05) and the effect of storage period (p <0.05) on sensory quality of experimental parenica cheese varieties. The analysis showed that each sample group in observed representative sensory attributes was significantly different (p <0.05). Multiple factorial analysis showed in parenica cheese samples three selected components that explain more than 69% of the total variation in the dataset at the level of statistical significance p <0.05. Keywords: cheese; sensory profile; parenica; storage; statistics INTRODUCTION containing at least 50% sheep's milk (Council Regulation The pasta filata cheese is a diverse group of cheeses, which (EC) No. 510/2006). originated mainly in the northern Mediterranean, in In comparison to Cheddar and Dutch-type cheeses, pasta- countries such as Italy, Greece, the Balkans, Turkey and filata cheeses represent a special case, in terms of Eastern Europe (Zimanová et al., 2016). proteolytic pattern (Salek et al., 2017). The pasta filata Parenica is a steamed, lightly smoked or unsmoked cheese cheeses varied in sensory quality, which depends on the wounded into a roll made from pasteurized cow’s milk. It is quality of milk and processing technology (including the known for the characteristic pronounced fibrous structure of process of pasteurisaztion). These cheeses could be made curd. The roll is ussualy bounded with cheese string. according the following methods: 1. traditional process of In the last years, there has been a growing attention making steamed cheese, 2. a method of making steamed towards food quality and food safety, as well as an cheese using direct acidification of the milk and continuous increasing demand for “natural” products, especially those processing (Zimanová et al., 2016). enjoying a ‘recognition of quality’ status and recognition of Recent studies aimed to the traditional pasta filata, ‘geographical indications and traditional specialties’ (PDO, stretched or steamed cheese making technology have been PGI and TSG) conferred by the European Community to published (Di Grigoli et al., 2015; Scatassa et al., 2015; promote and protect the names of quality agricultural Sulejmani and Hayaloglu, 2016; Cuffia et al., 2017; Paz products and foodstuffs (Todaro et al., 2017). et al., 2017; Salek et al., 2017; Todaro et al., 2017). Steamed cheese production has a long tradition in However, many of them deal with the physicochemical and Slovakia, although originally made from sheep's milk microbial quality of the pasta filata cheeses. (Čuboň et al., 2015). However, similar dairy product Cheese is an irreplaceable dairy product in human “Slovenská parenica” cheese obtained the “Protected nutrition and it could be consumed fresh or ripened (Ozcan Geographic Indication” designation (PGI) in 2008, but et al., 2011). Parenica cheese could be lightly smoked according the “Methods of Production” described in during the processing of curd. Smoking is technique of food application for registration of “Slovenské parenica”, it could preservation, but it is also used to enhance sensory be made from fresh raw, unprocessed sheep's milk or properties, taste, color and texture (Esposito et al., 2015). a mixture with fresh raw, unprocessed cow's milk, The special taste and textural parameters of traditional Volume 13 76 No. 1/2019 Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences cheese specialties could make them popular (Farahani, a fermenting agent composed of mesophilic lactic acid Ezzatpanah and Abbasi, 2014). bacteria (Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis, Lactococcus lactis Generally, smoking of high protein foods enrich the food ssp. cremoris). After adding the rennet was milk curdled at with aromatic components that provide organoleptic a temperature 29 – 32 °C. Curdled cheese mass was mixed properties as color and flavour to meals and have using a cheese harp to produce 1 cm pieces. The cheese bacteriostatic and antioxidant effect (Amran and Abbas, mass was left to settle down before being moulded into 2011). Because of that it is very important to study the a lump. The lump was then lifted out of the whey with qualitative sensory parameters that define the product in a cheese cloth and left to drain. After 8 hours of draining order to determine its acceptability to consumers (Semjon and solidifing was the lump placed on a rustproof shelf to et al., 2018). The sensory quality of a product like parenica ferment. Fermentation continued approximately 24 hours at cheese can be also evaluated using quantitative descriptive a temperature 20 ±2 °C to achieve a pH level for the cheese analysis. about 5.2. Then the lump cheese was cut into smaller pieces The aim of this study was to describe sensory profile of and placed in a water bath (temperature of 60 – 70 °C). smoked and unsmoked parenica cheese manufactured When the cheese curd become more plastic, it was removed according to the traditional method of production during from the bath and excess water was squeezed out. storage period. Subsequently it was streched and folded over several times and a cheese strips were formed by hand, so that they had Scientific hypothesis a length of 1 – 2 m, a width of about 3 cm and a thickness Hypothesis 1: There exist differences in evaluation of 2 – 3 mm. The cheese strips were placed in a prepared cold sensory overall attributes (appearance, aroma, consistency, saturated salt solution to cool down and after that they were taste and acceptability) in parenica cheese varieties before squeezed out. Cheese strips were rolled up and bounded and after storage of 14 days at 4 ±2 °C. with a cheese strings made separately in water bath from the Hypothesis 2: Sensory profile of parenica cheese varieties lump cheese. Then they were dried and a half of them were changes during storage for 14 days at 4 ±2 °C. smoked in a smoking chamber. From a dairy plant to Hypothesis 3: Statistically significant correlations exists laboratory were the samples packed and transported at the between individual sensory descriptors and overall sensory temperature of 4 ±2 °C in plastic bags. parameters in parenica cheese varieties. Hypothesis 4: A dissimilarity in sensory parameters exist Sampling between each sample groups (smoked/unsmoked parenica To study the sensory profile and quality of parenica cheese cheese samples and samples before/after storage). were evaluated following sample groups (Figure 1): • PU (unsmoked parenica cheese made from pasteurized MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY cow’s milk), Processing of experimental cheese • PS (lightly smoked parenica cheese made from Raw milk was standardised to fat content that final pasteurized cow’s milk). parenica cheese has a minimum fat in dry matter content A total of 72 experimental parenica cheese samples were 30%. Subsequently, raw milk was pasteurised before evaluated in this study. On the initial day of manufacture curdling at a temperature of 72 °C for 20 seconds. The milk were from each group (PU, PS) randomly selected samples was heated to the temperature 30 ±2 °C and inoculated with and divided into the following groups: Figure 1 Experimentally made smoked and unsmoked parenica cheese varieties. Volume 13 77 No. 1/2019 Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences • the first group consisted of initial samples (n = 18) which parenica cheese varieties and the effect of storage were set were analyzed before storage period (BS), as the main factors. A two-way analysis of variance • the second group contained samples (n = 18) that were (ANOVA) and multiple factor analysis with “FactomineR” placed in plastic bags to prevent desiccation but exposed to (Sebastien, Josse and Husson, 2008) and “factoextra” normal atmosphere conditions and stored for 14 days at the package (Kassambara and Mundt, 2007) were conducted temperature of 4 ±2 °C (samples after storage – AS). and a confidence interval was set at 95%. Plastic bags used in AS sample groups were made from polyethylene with thickness of 70 µm (G-PACK, LLC. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Slovak Republic). Description terminology for the sensory attributes of both All experimental parenica cheese samples were produced varieties of parenica cheese (PU and PS) was introduced in compliance with the traditional methods of