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1 | PETA INDIA INVESTIGATION INTO JALLIKATTU EVENTS 2020 Contents I. Details of the Investigations ..................................................................................................... 3 II. Executive Summary ................................................................................................................ 3 III. Key Observations and Findings ........................................................................................... 3 A. Rampant Cruelty to Bulls ....................................................................................................... 4 1. Avaniapuram Jallikattu ............................................................................................................... 4 2. Palamedu Jallikattu ................................................................................................................... 18 3. Periya Suriyur Jallikattu ............................................................................................................ 26 4. Alanganallur Jallikattu .............................................................................................................. 36 5. Panjampatti T Jallikattu.............................................................................................................. 45 6. Pothamettupatti Jallikattu .......................................................................................................... 60 7. Kokkudi Jallikattu ..................................................................................................................... 71 B. Farce Medical Examination ................................................................................................... 84 C. Avaniapuram Collection Yard: A Sham .............................................................................. 85 D. Cruel Practice of Cutting Loose Nose Ropes From a Height ............................................. 86 E. Illegal Parallel Bull-Taming .................................................................................................. 87 IV. Legal Violations .................................................................................................................... 88 V. Other Information ................................................................................................................. 94 A. Data on Bull and Human Casualties .................................................................................... 94 B. Compound Fines No Deterrent for Fox Jallikattu Organisers .......................................... 94 C. Hen Jallikattu for Women .................................................................................................... 95 D. Health Minister Asks Organisers to Avoid Making Bulls Wait for Hours ...................... 96 E. PIL Against the Use of Foreign Bulls’ Species in Jallikattu .............................................. 96 F. Plea to Quash the Government Order That Notified Jallikattu ........................................ 97 G. News Reports Regarding Cruelty to Animals and Casualties ........................................... 97 VI. Discussion and Conclusion ................................................................................................. 101 2 | PETA INDIA INVESTIGATION INTO JALLIKATTU EVENTS 2020 I. Details of the Investigations Dates: 15 January–19 January 2020 Jallikattu Events Investigated Avaniapuram, Madurai District, 15 January Palamedu, Madurai District, 16 January Periya Suriyur, Tiruchirappalli District, 16 January Alanganallur, Madurai District, 17 January Panjampatti T, Dindigul District, 17 January Pothamettupatti, Tiruchirappalli District, 18 January Kokkudi, Ariyalur District, 19 January Objectives of the Investigations To record the treatment of bulls To check for violations of animal protection laws and rules To record any reported human or bull injuries and casualties II. Executive Summary The comprehensive investigations conducted by People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) India at seven jallikattu events organised in four districts in the state of Tamil Nadu from 15 to 19 January 2020 identified and recorded numerous instances of physical and mental cruelty to bulls. PETA India’s latest eyewitness investigation as well as investigations of jallikattu events conducted in previous years reconfirm that jallikattu takes advantage of bulls’ natural nervousness as prey animals by deliberately placing them in a terrifying situation in which they’re forced to run away from those they rightly perceive as a threat. The evidence – in the form of photographs and video footage – demonstrates that bulls are whipped with ropes, hit, kicked and jumped on, tackled, and poked and jabbed with metal sticks, wooden sticks (including nail-tipped ones), and metal sickles. Their tails are bitten and twisted, and they’re treated in other cruel ways. At bigger events, exhausted and dehydrated animals were forced to participate in jallikattu after standing in queues for several hours without overhead shelter or sufficient water and feed. They were yanked roughly by nose ropes, causing their nostrils to bleed, and many collapsed from exhaustion or dehydration before and after they ran through the arena. Such abuse led to severe injuries, including broken bones, and even death. In this year’s jallikattu season, the number of deaths of both bulls and humans at the events has skyrocketed within less than three months. Bull injuries and deaths are not always reported by the media. Yet this year, between January and March alone, six bulls have reportedly died during jallikattu events. At least five bulls and one cow reportedly died during jallikattu events from January to April 2019. At least six bulls died in 2018, and at least three died in 2017. Over the years, there has been a steady increase in the reporting of bull deaths, confirming that no amount of regulation can prevent cruelty and injury to them. Human injuries and deaths are better reported by the media. So far in 2020, at least 570 have sustained injuries and 13 have died during jallikattu events. In 2019, at least nine humans lost their lives during jallikattu events and 627 sustained injuries. The total number of 3 | PETA INDIA INVESTIGATION INTO JALLIKATTU EVENTS 2020 human fatalities resulting from jallikattu events in the last three years, from 2017 to April 2019, is at least 51, according to news reports, and 3,007 humans were injured. As jallikattu continues, a staggering number of human deaths and injuries continue to occur. Inspections conducted by the Animal Welfare Board of India (AWBI) in 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014 and investigations by PETA India in 2017, 2018, and 2019 have also demonstrated that jallikattu is inherently cruel, causes bulls unnecessary suffering, and is apparently in direct violation of the provisions of Sections 3 and 11 of The Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (PCA) Act, 1960. The findings of the AWBI were upheld by the Honourable Supreme Court of India in its landmark judgment of May 2014. The Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (Tamil Nadu Amendment) Act, 2017, received the assent of the president on 31 January 2017 and was deemed to have come into force on 21 January 2017. This Tamil Nadu state law amended the PCA Act, 1960, to allow jallikattu, which includes “manjuviratu”, “vadamadu”, and “erudhuvidumvizha”. The state government also devised corresponding rules – namely, the Tamil Nadu Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (Conduct of Jallikattu) Rules, 2017 – regarding jallikattu events, but PETA India’s findings consistently show the rules do not prevent human or bull injuries and deaths. The Tamil Nadu Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (Conduct of Jallikattu) Rules, 2017, does not include any fine or punishment that can be levied against people who violate the Rules or inflict cruelty on bulls at jallikattu events. PETA India’s 2020 investigation once again shows that jallikattu must be banned. III. Key Observations and Findings A. Rampant Cruelty to Bulls Photographic evidence of observations and findings from seven jallikattu events that took place between 15 and 19 January 2020 are listed below. The photographs and videos are included on a CD as Annexure 1 for reference. 1. Avaniapuram Jallikattu Photo 1: A person jabs a reluctant bull with a metal stick inside the vaadi vaasal. 4 | PETA INDIA INVESTIGATION INTO JALLIKATTU EVENTS 2020 Photo 2: A bull is poked with a metal stick in the vaadi vaasal. Photo 3: A bull is poked with a metal stick in the vaadi vaasal. 5 | PETA INDIA INVESTIGATION INTO JALLIKATTU EVENTS 2020 Photo 4: A bull is jabbed with a long metal stick inside the vaadi vaasal. Photo 5: A man holds a long metal stick inside the vaadi vaasal. 6 | PETA INDIA INVESTIGATION INTO JALLIKATTU EVENTS 2020 Photo 6: A bull’s tail is yanked in order to force the animal to run out of the vaadi vaasal. Photo 7: Many tamers attempt to subdue a bull as some hold the horns, which is not permitted. 7 | PETA INDIA INVESTIGATION INTO JALLIKATTU EVENTS 2020 Photo 8: Several tamers attempt to subdue a bull together. Photo 9: Many tamers yank on a bull’s head in their desperate attempt to subdue the animal. 8 | PETA INDIA INVESTIGATION INTO JALLIKATTU EVENTS 2020 Photo 10: Many tamers pounce on a bull. Photo 11: A bull falls onto a tamer inside the arena. 9 | PETA INDIA INVESTIGATION INTO JALLIKATTU EVENTS 2020 Photo 12: A panicked bull charges back into the vaadi vaasal from the arena. Photo 13: A spectator partakes in illegal parallel
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