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Florisitic Composition and Diversity of Amazonian Rainforest Bryophytes in the State of Acre, Brazil

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FLORISITIC COMPOSITION AND DIVERSITY OF AMAZONIAN RAINFOREST BRYOPHYTES IN THE STATE OF ACRE, BRAZIL. Denise Pinheiro da COSTA 1 ABSTRACT - Bryophyte diversity in Amazonian Brazil is high, presently recorded at 514 species distributed among 36 families and 89 genera. Comparisions of species richness among the Amazonian states of Brazil suggests that the bryoflora of Acre is still underestimated, pres- ently recorded at 106 species distributed among 33 families and 63 genera. After two field trips, the diversity increased 50% showing that the bryoflora is still poorly known. Collection data and comments on morphology, ecology and distribution are given for sixty-two species of bryo- phytes collected in the state of Acre, Brazil, which are new (fifty-two species) or interesting floristic records (ten species). Microlejeunea crenulifolia (Gottsche) Steph. and Stictolejeunea balfourdii Mitt. are new records for Brazil and fifty species are new records for Acre. Key-words: diversity, bryophyte, Acre, Brazil. Coposição florística e diversidade de briófitas na floresta Amazônica no Estado do Acre, Brasil RESUMO - A diversidade de briófitas na região Amazônica brasileira é alta, sendo citado atualmente, 514 espécies, em 36 famílias e 89 gêneros. Comparações entre a riqueza de espécies dos estados da Amazônia brasileira sugerem que a brioflora do Acre ainda é subestimada, contando atualmente com 106 espécies, distribuídas em 33 famílias e 63 gêneros. Após duas excursões científicas, a diversidade para o estado aumentou em 50 %, demonstrando que a brioflora ainda é pouco conhecida. Dados sobre a morfologia, ecologia e distribuição geográfica são apresentados para sessenta e duas espécies de briófitas coletadas no estado do Acre, Brasil, as quais são registros florísticos novos (cinquenta e duas espécies) ou interessantes (dez espécies). Microlejeunea crenulifolia (Gottsche) Steph. e Stictolejeunea balfourdii Mitt. são citadas pela primeira vez para o Brasil e cinquenta espécies são novas ocorrências para o estado do Acre. Palavras-chave: diversidade, briófitas, Acre, Brasil. INTRODUCTION 1994); a catalog of Amazonian mosses includ- ing Brazilian states (Churchill, 1998); and the A total of 500 species of bryophytes liverworts and hornworts of Brazil (Gradstein are estimated to occur in the Amazonian re- & Costa, 2002). In this work 62 species of gion in Brazil (Table 1). Although consider- bryophytes are listed as new records for Acre able parts of the Brazilian Amazon (states of (52 species), and 10 are considered to be inter- Amazonas and Pará) have been studied, little esting floristic record. Trees, shrubs, lianas, information has been available for the state of herbs, and soils were sampled randomly for Acre (106 species of bryophytes are records bryophytes in primary lowland rainforests of published). There are only four papers per- the Tarauacá and Juruá rivers on two field trips taining to the bryophytes of Acre: new (1995 and 2000 – for bryophytes). The present occurences of bryophytes in the Brazilian paper increases the known bryophyte diversity Amazon (Lisboa & Yano, 1987); a list of of Acre by 50%. These results show that the bryophytes from Rio Branco (Vital & Visnadi, bryoflora of Acre is still poorly known, and 1Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leão 915, 22460-030, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, e-mail: [email protected] FloristicACTA AMAZONICA composition 33(3): and... 1 more efforts are needed to better document the ments on morphology, ecology and distribution region bryophyte diversity in spite of the (the world and Brazil) are given for sixty-two records published. Collection data and com- species of bryophtes. Table 1 – Bryophyte species in the Amazonian states of Brazil (sensu lato). * = Data from Churchill (1998) and ** = Data from Gradstein & Costa (2002). S*TATES S*PECIES OF MOSSES SSPECIES OF HEPATICS * NUMBER OF SPECIE R9oraima 535211 R8ondônia 190 1711 A4mapá 21254 A)cre 6)0 (+16 4)6 (+36 106 (+54 A5mazonas 220 273 43 P3ará 123 153 26 M1aranhão 1781 G6oiás 44 85 M1ato Grosso 556161 T.OTAL 2.64 spp c4a. 250 spp ca. 51 Material and Methods Bahia (BA). Middle-West: Goiás (GO), Mato In 1995 the present author began a col- Grosso (MT), Mato Grosso do Sul (MS). laboration with the Universidade Federal do Southeast: Minas Gerais (MG), Acre (UFAC), and to date, two field trips Espírito Santo (ES), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), São (Tarauacá and Juruá rivers) have yielled a total Paulo (SP). of 600 specimens and 130 species of bryo- South: Paraná (PR), Santa Catarina (SC), phytes, including several new records for the Rio Grande do Sul (RS). state of Acre and two for Brazil. Samples were The symbols preceding the taxa mean: collected in the vegetation of terra firme, várzea * = new record to Acre (52 species: 36 hepat- (floodplain), igarapé (streams), and salão (walls ics and 16 mosses); ** = new record to Brazil of the rivers and streams presenting canalized (2 hepatics). stretches are called salões). All the samples collected are deposited at the herbarium of the RESULTS Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro (RB), with duplicates sent to the herbarium of the A total of 130 bryophytes species were Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC). identified during two field trips carried out in The taxa are listed alphabetically by 1995 and 2000 (130 species in 65 genera and family, genus, and species separated in two 27 families) to Acre, of which fifty-two spe- groups, hepaticae and mosses. Taxonomic and cies are new records for Acre (36 hepatic and bryogeographical comments are given. The 16 mosses) and two are new records for Brazilian states are presented by the main geo- Brazil. graphical regions and the names of the states In total, sixty-two taxa are listed by are abbreviated as follows: family, genus and species separated in hepat- North: Roraima (RR), Rondônia (RO), ics and mosses, with taxonomical comments, Amapá (AP), Acre (AC), Amazonas (AM), geographical distribution (world and Brazil), Pará (PA), Tocantins (TO). references, and specimens examined. Northeast: Maranhão (MA), Piauí (PI), The interesting records were selected, Ceará (CE), Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Paraíba based mostly on the range extensions and, in (PB), Pernambuco (PE), Ilha Fernando de general, the comments were included in the Noronha (FN), Alagoas (AL), Sergipe (SE), species distribution. 2 Costa Hepaticae 1992). Brazil: PA, PB, PE, FN, SE, BA, GO, MT, MG, ES, RJ, SP, PR, RS. Aneuraceae Acre: Reserva Extrativista do Alto Juruá, Rio Tejo, Vila da Restauração, Base de * Riccardia amazonica (Spruce) S. W. Pesquisa da Restauração, 9°02’52”-72°16’22”, Arnell on fallen branch, 4-XII-2000, Costa 4003 p.p. Similar to R. tenuicula, differing in the (RB). main axis being 4-7 cells thick, while R. * Frullania nodulosa (Reinw., Blume tenuicula is only 3 cells thick. General distri- & Nees) Nees bution: Afro-American, widely distributed in Recognized by the pendent lobules. Tropical America (Meenks, 1987). Brazil: AP, General distribution: Tropical and subtropical AM, PA, PE, ES, RJ, SP. regions of Asia, Africa, and America (Schuster, Acre: Município de Tarauacá, Vale do 1992). Brazil: RR, AM, PA, PE, BA. Alto Juruá, Rio Tarauacá, Reserva Indígena da Acre: Município de Tarauacá, Vale do Praia do Carapanã, Colocação do Seringal do Alto Juruá, Rio Tarauacá, Reserva Indígena da Sumaré, 8°30’84”-71°27’83”, on decaying Praia do Carapanã, Fazenda do Barro, 8°20’71- wood, 19-XI-1995, Costa 2652 (RB); 80”-71°11’97-91”, on fallen branch, 16-XI- Colocação Samauma, 8°23’03”-71°17’27”, on 1995, Costa 2571 (RB); Colocação Bom rotten wood, 24-XI-1995, Costa 2831 (RB), Jardim, 8°17’80”-71°08’60”, on soil, 26-XI- on the base of tree trunk, Costa 2851 p.p. (RB); 1995, Costa 2904 (RB). Colocação Bom Jardim, 8°17’80”-71°08’60”, on rotten wood, 26-XI-1995, Costa 2898 (RB); Lejeuneaceae Reserva Extrativista do Alto Juruá, Rio Tejo, Vila da Restauração, Base de Pesquisa da * Acrolejeunea emergens (Mitt.) Restauração, 9°02’52”-72°16’22”, on decaying Steph. wood, 30-XI-2000, Costa 3930 (RB); on de- Recognized by the lobule with 2-4 teeth. caying wood, 1-XII-2000, Costa 3959 (RB). General distribution: Tropical America, Africa, * Riccardia digitiloba (Spruce ex and India (Gradstein, 1994). Brazil: RR, RO, Steph.) Pagán AM, PA, MA, BA, GO, MS, MT, MG, RJ, Easily recognized by the tiny thallus SP. with gemmiferous branches like fingers. Ge Acre: Município de Tarauacá, Vale do neral distribution: Tropical America (Hell, Alto Juruá, Rio Tarauacá, Reserva Indígena da 1969). Brazil: AM, PE, ES, MG, RJ, SP. Praia do Carapanã, after Erundina’s house, Acre: Município de Tarauacá, Vale do 8°32’85”-71°28’65”, on bark, 17-XI-1995, Alto Juruá, Rio Tarauacá, Reserva Indígena da Costa 2601 (RB). Praia do Carapanã, Colocação Bom Jardim, * Amphilejeunea reflexistipula (Lehm. 8°17’80”-71°08’60”, on bark, 26-XI-1995, & Lindenb.) Gradst. Costa 2906 (RB); Reserva Extrativista do Alto Underleaves entire, orbicular to reniform Juruá, Rio Tejo, Vila da Restauração, Base de (1-1,5 x wider than long), more than 3 x stem Pesquisa da Restauração, 9°02’52”-72°16’22”, width. General distribution: Tropical South on decaying wood, 30-XI-2000, Costa 3943 America, reaching Argentina (Schäfer-Verwimp, p.p. (RB); on decaying wood, 1-XII-2000, 1991). Brazil: AM, MT, ES, RJ, SP. Costa 3958 p.p. (RB). Acre: Município de Tarauacá, Vale do Alto Juruá, Rio Tarauacá, Reserva Indígena da Frullaniaceae Praia do Carapanã, Colocação do Seringal de Tamandaré, 8°32’85”-71°28’65”, on bark, 18- * Frullania ericoides (Nees) Mont. XI-1995, Costa 2614 (RB); on palm trunk, 18- Leaves squarrose when moist, lobules XI-1995, Costa 2635 p.p. (RB). saccate close to the stem, stylus uniseriate (4- * Cephalantolejeunea temnanthoides 7 cells long), and surface of perianth rough.
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    COVID-19 - CGU’s Actions Institutional • The Office of the Comptroller General (CGU) is the internal control body of the Brazilian Federal government responsible Public Auditing for protecting the public treasury and increasing transparency through public Ombudsman auditing, disciplinary affairs, ombudsman activities, and preventing and fighting corruption. Disciplinary • CGU, as Central Authority, is responsible for the technical Affairs supervision of the bodies that comprise the Internal Control, Disciplinary, and Ombudsman Transparency systems of the Federal Executive Branch, providing the necessary normative guidance. Combat Corruption UF State Municipalities Acre 651.085.738 187.858.673 Financial Aid Alagoas 915.047.694 501.123.819 Amapá 702.185.232 150.805.052 9,000,000,000 Amazonas 1.158.020.375 608.587.127 Bahia 2.667.266.628 2.047.862.050 Ceará 1.718.053.385 1.135.484.576 8,000,000,000 Distrito Federal 753.561.578 167.287.510 7,000,000,000 Espírito Santo 1.053.778.224 681.940.882 Goiás 1.532.091.121 1.162.800.999 Maranhão 1.491.776.396 921.160.396 6,000,000,000 Mato Grosso 1.645.393.692 1.100.250.709 Mato Grosso 5,000,000,000 do Sul 836.076.325 574.341.044 Minas Gerais 3.792.337.658 3.345.612.594 4,000,000,000 Pará 1.850.732.653 1.138.321.171 Paraíba 959.674.380 602.424.603 Paraná 2.166.813.421 1.846.150.652 3,000,000,000 Pernambuco 1.827.487.422 1.287.657.332 Piauí 866.644.722 521.843.751 2,000,000,000 Rio de Janeiro 2.596.136.791 1.844.424.791 Rio Grande 1,000,000,000 do Norte 896.112.921 540.944.970 Rio Grande do Sul 2.333.016.460