Earth–Exploratory
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Copyrighted Material
1 The Duality of Peer Production Infrastructure for the Digital Commons, Free Labor for Free‐Riding Firms Mathieu O’Neil, Sophie Toupin, and Christian Pentzold 1 Introduction There never was a “tragedy of the commons”: Garrett Hardin’s overgrazing farmers were victims of a tragedy of self‐management, as they failed to collectively regulate, as equals, their common pasture. When Elinor Ostrom was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2009, the immemorial notion that there are only two types of goods in the world – private and public, coordinated by markets or the state – was finally put to rest. In the most general terms, peer producers are people who create and manage common‐pool resources together. It sometimes seems as if “peer production” and “digital commons” can be used interchangeably. Digital commons are non‐rivalrous (they can be reproduced at little or no cost) and non‐excludable (no‐one can prevent others from using them, through prop- erty rights for example). So, practically speaking, proprietary objects could be produced by equal “peers,” however we argue that peer production has a normative dimension, so that what chiefly char- acterizes this mode of production is that “the output is orientated towards the further expansion of the commons; while the commons, recursively, is the chief resource in this mode of production” (Söderberg & O’Neil, 2014, p. 2). Though there are many historical antecedents, the term “peer pro- duction,” as an object of public and scientific interest, is historically situated in the early 2000s.1 The meanings associated with a term that is deeply connected to the Internet as it was 20 years ago are bound to change. -
Volume 9 Number 6 December 1988
!SEN 0272-8532 base line a newsletter of the Map and Geography Round Table TABLE OF CONTENTS: From the Cha ir . 140 and From the Editor . 140 Official News . _. 141 MAGERT Midwinter Conference Schedule (Final). 141 MAGERT Annual Conference Schedule (Draft) 142 Conferences and Exhibitions. 144 On the Cataloging/Cataloguing Front. 145 NACIS Report. 147 New Books. 149 New Atlases. 152 Forthcoming Publications 152 Journal. 152 Government Publications. 153 New Maps . 154 New Periodical Articles. 156 News from GPO. 156 Duplicates. 157 Question Box _ 157 Miscellaneous. 157 On the l19hter Side. 158 Meridian. 159 Volume 9, Number 6 December 1988 base line is an official publication of the American Library Association's Map and Geography Round Table (MAGERT). The purpose of base line 1s to provide current information on cartographic materials, other publications of interest to map and geography librarians, meetings, related governmental activities, and map librarianship. It is a medium of communication for members of MAGERT and information of interest is welcome. The opinions expressed by contribu~ors are their own and do not necessarily represent those of the American Library Association and MAGERT. EDITOR: PRODUCTION MANAGER: Carol Collier Tamsen Emerson Documents, Maps, and Reference Department Microforms Dept. Cae Library Cae Library University of Wyoming university of Wyoming Box 3334 Box 3334 Laramie, WY 82071-3334 Laramie, WY 82071-3334 (307) 766-6245 (307) 766-5532 Bitnet: carolc@uwyo ADVERTISING MANAGER: CATALOGING EDITOR: Linda Newman Nancy Vick Mines Library Map & Geography Library University of Nevada-Reno University of Illinois Reno, NV 89557 Urbana, IL 61801 (702) 784-6596 (217) 333-0827 NEW BOOKS EDITOR: NEW MAPS EDITOR: Julia Gelfand Stephen Littrell Reference Department Beeghly Library Main Library Ohio Wesleyan University University of California Delaware, Ohio 43015 Irvine, CA 92712 (614) 369-4431 ext. -
CV-35 - Geovisualization | GIS&T Body of Knowledge 04.12.18, 12:47
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2018 Geovisualization Cöltekin, Arzu ; Janetzko, Halldór ; Fabrikant, Sara I Abstract: Geovisualization is primarily understood as the process of interactively visualizing geographic information in any of the steps in spatial analyses, even though it can also refer to the visual output (e.g., plots, maps, combinations of these), or the associated techniques. Rooted in cartography, geovisualization emerged as a research thrust with the leadership of Alan MacEachren (Pennsylvania State University) and colleagues when interactive maps and digitally-enabled exploratory data analysis led to a paradigm shift in 1980s and 1990s. A core argument for geovisualization is that visual thinking using maps is integral to the scientific process and hypothesis generation, and the role of maps grew beyond communicating the end results of an analysis or documentation process. As such, geovisualization interacts with a number of disciplines including cartography, visual analytics, information visualization, scientific visualization, statistics, computer science, art-and-design, and cognitive science; borrowing from and contributing to each. In this entry, we provide a definition and a brief history of geovisualization including its fundamental concepts, elaborate on its relationship to other disciplines, and briefly review the skills/tools that are relevant in working with geovisualization environments. We finish the entry with a list of learning objectives, instructional questions, and additional resources. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22224/gistbok/2018.2.6 Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-158851 Journal Article Published Version Originally published at: Cöltekin, Arzu; Janetzko, Halldór; Fabrikant, Sara I (2018). -
Erwin Raisz' Atlases
Erwin Raisz‘ Atlases – an early multi-method approach to cartographic communication (Eric Losang) ICC-Preconference-Workshop: Atlases and Infographics Tokyo, 2019/ 07/ 13 Outline • Erwin Raisz – biography and opus • The concept behind Raisz‘ work • Three Atlases • Atlas of Global Geography • Atlas of Cuba • Atlas of Florida • Possible Importance of the three Atlases • Communication • Storytelling Biography • * 1 March 1893, Lőcse, Hungary • 1914 degree in civil engineering and architecture Royal Polytechnicum in Budapest • 1923 Immigration US • 1924/1929 Master/Ph.D. Geology, Columbia University • 1931 Institute of Geographical Exploration at Harvard University (proposed by W. M. Davies, teaching Cartography) • 1938 General Cartography (first cartographic textbook in English) • 1951 Clark University, Boston; from 1957 University of Florida • + 1968, Bangkok while travelling to the IGU in Dehli. Landform (physiographic) Maps • Influenced by W.M. Davies, I. Bowman and N. Fenneman (physiographic provinces) • Goal: explaining territory within its physiographic instead of (man made) county borders Landform (physiographic) Maps Landform (physiographic) Maps • Influenced by W.M. Davies, I. Bowman and N. Fenneman (physiographic provinces) • Goal: explaining territory within its physiographic instead of (man made) county borders • Geodeterministic answer to a prevailling statistical approach to geography (H. Gannett) Landform (physiographic) Maps • Influenced by W.M. Davies, I. Bowman and N. Fenneman (physiographic provinces) • Goal: explaining territory within its physiographic instead of (man made) county borders • Geodeterministic answer to a prevailling statistical approach to geography (H. Gannett) • Method: Delineate the significant elements of the terrain in pictorial-diagrammatic fashion Statistical atlas of the United States 1898 Landform (physiographic) Maps • Influenced by W.M. Davies, I. Bowman and N. -
1 Handling OS Open Map – Local Data
OS OPEN MAP LOCAL Getting started guide Handling OS Open Map – Local Data 1 Handling OS Open Map – Local Data Loading OS Open Map – Local 1.1 Introduction RASTER QGIS From the end of October 2016, OS Open Map Local will be available as both a raster version and a vector version as previously. This getting started guide ArcGIS ArcMap Desktop illustrates how to load both raster and vector versions of the product into several GI applications. MapInfo Professional CadCorp Map Modeller 1.2 Downloaded data VECTOR OS OpenMap-Local raster data can be downloaded from the OS OpenData web site in GeoTIFF format. This format does not require the use of QGIS geo-referencing files in the loading process. The data will be available in 100km2 grid zip files, aligned to National Grid letters. Loading and Displaying Shapefiles OS OpenMap-Local vector data can be downloaded from the OS OpenData web site in either ESRI Shapefile format or in .GML format version 3.2.1. It is Merging the Shapefiles available as 100km2 tiles which are aligned to the 100km national gird letters, for example, TQ. The data can also be downloaded as a national set in ESRI Removing Duplicate Features shapefile format only. The data will not be available for supply on hard media as in the case of some other OS OpenData products. from Merged Data Loading and Dispalying GML • ESRI shapefile supply. ArcGIS ArcMap Desktop The data is supplied in a .zip archive containing a parent folder with two sub folders entitled DATA and DOC. All of the component shapefiles are contained within the DATA folder. -
Oracle Spatial Developments at Ordnance Survey
Oracle Spatial Developments at Ordnance Survey Ed Parsons Chief Technology Officer Who is Ordnance Survey ? Great Britain's national mapping agency An information provider... • Creates & updates a national database of geographical information • £ 50m ($90m) investment by 2007 in ongoing improvements • National positioning services • Advisor to UK Government on Geographical Information • Highly skilled specialised staff of 1500 The modern Ordnance Survey • Ordnance Survey is solely funded through the licensing of information products and services • Unrivalled infrastructure to maintain accuracy, !" ! currency and delivery of geographic information • 2003-4 Profit of £ 6.6m on a turnover of £116m($196m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
Cartography. the Definitive Guide to Making Maps, Sample Chapter
Cartograms Cartograms offer a way of accounting for differences in population distribution by modifying the geography. Geography can easily get in the way of making a good Consider the United States map in which thematic map. The advantage of a geographic map is that it states with larger populations will inevitably lead to larger numbers for most population- gives us the greatest recognition of shapes we’re familiar with related variables. but the disadvantage is that the geographic size of the areas has no correlation to the quantitative data shown. The intent However, the more populous states are not of most thematic maps is to provide the reader with a map necessarily the largest states in area, and from which comparisons can be made and so geography is so a map that shows population data in the almost always inappropriate. This fact alone creates problems geographical sense inevitably skews our perception of the distribution of that data for perception and cognition. Accounting for these problems because the geography becomes dominant. might be addressed in many ways such as manipulating the We end up with a misleading map because data itself. Alternatively, instead of changing the data and densely populated states are relatively small maintaining the geography, you can retain the data values but and vice versa. Cartograms will always give modify the geography to create a cartogram. the map reader the correct proportion of the mapped data variable precisely because it modifies the geography to account for the There are four general types of cartogram. They each problem. distort geographical space and account for the disparities caused by unequal distribution of the population among The term cartogramme can be traced to the areas of different sizes. -
Section Three
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 SECTION THREE 9 10 11 12 Cartographic Aesthetics and Map Design 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 1 2 3 4 5 6 3.1 7 8 9 Introductory Essay: Cartographic 10 11 12 Aesthetics and Map Design 13 14 15 16 Chris Perkins, Martin Dodge and Rob Kitchin 17 18 19 20 Introduction offers only a partial means for explaining the deployment 21 of changing visual techniques. We finish with a consider- 22 If there is one thing that upsets professional cartographers ation of some of the practices and social contexts in which 23 more than anything else it is a poorly designed map; a aesthetics and designs are most apparent, suggesting the 24 map that lacks conventions such as a scale bar, or legend, or subjective is still important in mapping and that more 25 fails to follow convention with respect to symbology, name work needs to be undertaken into how mapping functions 26 placing and colour schemes, or is aesthetically unpleasing as a suite of social practices within wider visual culture. -
THE BEGINNINGS of MEDICAL MAPPING* Arthur H
THE BEGINNINGS OF MEDICAL MAPPING* Arthur H. Robinson Department of Geography University of Wisconsin Madison, Wisconsin 53706 If a mental geographical image is as much a map as is one on paper or on a cathode ray tube, then the concept of medical mapping is extremely old. The geography of disease, or nosogeography, has roots as far back as the 5th century BC when the idea of the 4 elements of the universe fire, air, earth, and water led to the doc trine of the 4 bodily humors blood, phlegm, cholera or yellow bile, and melancholy or black bile. Health was simply the condition when the 4 humors were in harmony. Throughout history until some 200 years ago the parallel between organic man and a neatly organized universe regularly surfaced in the microcosm-macrocosm philosophy, a kind of cosmographic metaphor in which the human body was a miniature universe, from which it was a short step to liken the physical circulations of the earth, such as water and air, to the circulatory and respiratory systems of man. One of the earlier detailed, topogra- phic-like maps definitely stems from this analogy, as clearly shown by Jarcho.-©- The idea that disease resulted from external causes rather than being a punishment sent by the Gods (and therefore a mappable relationship) goes back at least as far as the time of Hippocrates in the 4th century, a physician best known for his code of medical conduct called the Hippocratic Oath. He thought that disease occurred as a consequence of such things as food, occupation, and especially climate. -
Inviwo — a Visualization System with Usage Abstraction Levels
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS, VOL X, NO. Y, MAY 2019 1 Inviwo — A Visualization System with Usage Abstraction Levels Daniel Jonsson,¨ Peter Steneteg, Erik Sunden,´ Rickard Englund, Sathish Kottravel, Martin Falk, Member, IEEE, Anders Ynnerman, Ingrid Hotz, and Timo Ropinski Member, IEEE, Abstract—The complexity of today’s visualization applications demands specific visualization systems tailored for the development of these applications. Frequently, such systems utilize levels of abstraction to improve the application development process, for instance by providing a data flow network editor. Unfortunately, these abstractions result in several issues, which need to be circumvented through an abstraction-centered system design. Often, a high level of abstraction hides low level details, which makes it difficult to directly access the underlying computing platform, which would be important to achieve an optimal performance. Therefore, we propose a layer structure developed for modern and sustainable visualization systems allowing developers to interact with all contained abstraction levels. We refer to this interaction capabilities as usage abstraction levels, since we target application developers with various levels of experience. We formulate the requirements for such a system, derive the desired architecture, and present how the concepts have been exemplary realized within the Inviwo visualization system. Furthermore, we address several specific challenges that arise during the realization of such a layered architecture, such as communication between different computing platforms, performance centered encapsulation, as well as layer-independent development by supporting cross layer documentation and debugging capabilities. Index Terms—Visualization systems, data visualization, visual analytics, data analysis, computer graphics, image processing. F 1 INTRODUCTION The field of visualization is maturing, and a shift can be employing different layers of abstraction. -
Chapter 1. Map Study and Interpretation
Chapter 1. Map Study and Interpretation 1.1. Maps A map is a visual representation of an area—a symbolic depiction highlighting relationships between elements of that space such as objects, regions, and themes. Many maps are static two-dimensional, geometrically accurate (or approximately accurate) representations of three-dimensional space, while others are dynamic or interactive, even three-dimensional. Although most commonly used to depict geography, maps may represent any space, real or imagined, without regard to context or scale; e.g. brain mapping, DNA mapping, and extraterrestrial mapping. 1.2. Types of Maps Maps are one of the most important tools researchers, cartographers, students and others can use to examine the entire Earth or a specific part of it. Simply defined maps are pictures of the Earth's surface. They can be general reference and show landforms, political boundaries, water, the locations of cities, or in the case of thematic maps, show different but very specific topics such as the average rainfall distribution for an area or the distribution of a certain disease throughout a county. Today with the increased use of GIS, also known as Geographic Information Systems, thematic maps are growing in importance. A map is a visual representation of an area – a symbolic depiction highlighting relationships between elements of that space such as objects, regions, and themes. There are however applications for different types of general reference maps when the different types are understood correctly. These maps do not just show a city's location for example; instead the different map types can show a plethora of information about places around the world. -
Investigating Adolescents' Interpretations And
INVESTIGATING ADOLESCENTS’ INTERPRETATIONS AND PRODUCTIONS OF THEMATIC MAPS AND MAP ARGUMENT PERFORMANCES IN THE MEDIA By Nathan Charles Phillips Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Vanderbilt University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Learning, Teaching and Diversity December, 2013 Nashville, Tennessee Approved: Professor Kevin M. Leander Professor Rogers Hall Professor Pratim Sengupta Professor Jay Clayton Professor Cynthia Lewis To Julee and To Jenna, Amber, Lukas, Isaac, and Esther ! ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My dissertation work was financially supported by the National Science Foundation through the Tangibility for the Teaching, Learning, and Communicating of Mathematics grant (NSF DRL-0816406) and by Peabody College at Vanderbilt University and the Department of Teaching and Learning. I feel most grateful to the young people I worked with. I hope I have done justice to their efforts to learn, laugh, and play with thematic maps. Mr. Norman welcomed me into his classroom and graciously gave me the space and time for this work. He was interested, supportive, and generous throughout. The district and school administrators and office staff at Local County High School were welcoming and accommodating, including the librarians who made some of the technology possible. It would be impossible to express how much my life and scholarship have been directed and supported by Kevin Leander and Rogers Hall over the last six years. Their brilliance, innovative thinking, and academic mentorship are only surpassed by their kind hearts and good friendship. I will forever be blessed by Kevin’s willingness to take me on as a doctoral student and for his invitation to join the SLaMily with Rogers, Katie Headrick Taylor, and Jasmine Ma.