1 1.0 Introduction The New Jersey Historic Preservation ing fieldwork, and preparing a written report. Office is pleased to introduce the Guidelines for To establish the purpose of the survey, one Architectural Survey. With the implementation of must answer: Why is the survey being under- these guidelines, New Jersey becomes one of taken? What information and analysis must many states to set forth professional standards result? How and from where will the necessary and guidelines for historic architectural survey information be generated or retrieved to ad- (Ohio, Massachusetts, and Delaware, have used dress this purpose? Background research is then similar guidelines for several years), and the geared to the survey purpose. Research can HPO continues its mission of helping the relate to a broad overview of many properties citizens of New Jersey identify, preserve, (as in a published county history) or to a single protect and sustain our collective architectural property (as in deed research). Field work and archaeological heritage. entails the physical and visual identification, Architectural survey is defined as the pro- documentation, and recordation of historic cess of identifying and gathering information resources in the survey area. Finally, the re- about historic architectural resources, and these search and fieldwork are synthesized into a Guidelines have been developed by the HPO written report that presents survey findings to aid and inform anyone undertaking that with illustrations and text, and summarizes the process. Although referred to as “architectural,” methodology of the first three steps. a survey of historic properties should look The Guidelines address these and other beyond buildings to include all visible aspects aspects of architectural survey, and complement of the built environment that combine to form the HPO’s archaeological survey and reporting our historic fabric, such as bridges and dams, guidelines: wharves and ships, canals, windmills, silos, ➤ Guidelines for Phase I Archaeological Investiga- cemeteries, parks and gardens, etc. tions: Identification of Archaeological Resources Four basic steps apply to the process of ➤ Guidelines for the Preparation of Cultural architectural survey: establishing the purpose Resources Management Archaeological Reports for the survey, conducting research, undertak- Submitted to the Historic Preservation Office. 1.1 Objective of This Document As noted above, State Historic Preservation uniformity and consistency in data collection. Offices (SHPO’s) are working to make survey The HPO encourages other agencies and standards clear, concise, and predictable. These organizations to adopt these Guidelines and Guidelines are designed to aid individuals, incorporate them into their standards of prac- communities, organizations, and government tice. Local governments may use the guidelines agencies undertaking historic architectural to aid in the administration of local ordinances surveys for planning purposes or undertaking adopted pursuant to the New surveys to meet regulatory requirements. The Jersey Municipal Land Guidelines outline the standards used by the Use Law,1 and regu- HPO in contracting and reviewing surveys, and lated agencies may provide guidance on the content and format of rely on these Guide- survey products to help ensure to ensure that lines to ensure that survey products meet generally accepted all submissions professional standards. The Guidelines present provide sufficient the basic underlying concepts of architectural information for survey, and introduce the HPO’s new system of regulatory consulta- survey forms, which are designed to ensure tion and decision Victorian House in Cape May, Cape May County. 1 New Jersey, Municipal Land Use Law Chapter 291, Laws of N.J. 1975 (40:55D-1et.seq.). 2 making. These Guidelines are meant to be used properties to be surveyed is developed during in concert with the National Park Service’s the research phase of the survey itself, such as National Register Bulletin #24: Guidelines for Local the survey Black Historic Sites in New Jersey4, Surveys: A Basis for Preservation Planning,2 which where the list of properties to be included could remains the best available how-to guide for both not be developed without supporting research. professionals and laypersons. The complex nature of thematic surveys often Please note that these Guidelines pertain to involves highly specific research sources and/or architectural surveys that cover a specific unique survey procedures and are therefore geographic area. Not addressed in this docu- beyond the scope of these Guidelines. ment are architectural surveys that are con- Other types of planning documents not ducted based on themes or property types. within the scope of these Guidelines include Generally referred to as “thematic surveys,” historic structure reports and preservation plans. these may be considered “closed” or “open.” The HPO’s 1998 publication Historic Structure Closed thematic surveys are those in which the Reports and Preservation Plans: A Preparation list of properties to be surveyed is known at the Guide provides guidance specific to these types outset; such as the survey Operating Railroad of documents. Please contact the HPO for Stations of New Jersey3, where the list of stations copies or for additional information related to was developed prior to the survey. Open the- developing thematic surveys. matic surveys are those in which the list of New Jersey Transit Station, Bradley Beach Borough, Monmouth County 1.2 Why Surveys are Conducted The process of architectural survey derives properties is in the public interest and worthy of from both planning and regulatory information government intervention. needs. From the planning perspective, the Historic properties can define community desire to protect and preserve significant character, and create a unique sense of place. aspects of our past for future generations Preservation planning relies on the information necessitates an inventory of historic properties generated from planning surveys to designate (referred to throughout this document as historic landmarks and districts, and establish “planning surveys”) to enable informed plan- guidelines and ordinances for their protection. ning decisions. Regulatory requirements for This information may also be used to increase architectural survey (referred to public awareness and appreciation of a throughout this document as community’s history through public education, “regulatory surveys”) increased tourism, and community revitaliza- stem from the recog- tion. Local, county and state government nition that agencies and organizations can rely on the consideration Guidelines for Architectural Survey to help accom- of historic plish the preservation related goals of the New High Breeze Farm Barn, Waywayanda State Park, Sussex County. 2Derry, Ann et al. National Register Bulletin 24: Guidelines for Lacal Surveys: A Basis for Preservation Planning. Washington, D.C.: National Park Service, 1977 (Revised 1985) 3Heritage Studies, Inc. The Operating Railroad Stations of New Jersey: An Historical Survey. Princeton, N.J. 1981. 4New Jersey Historical Commission. Black Historic Sites in New Jersey. October 12, 1984 3 identification and registration activities - coordinate the identification of historic areas, historic sites, landscapes, archaeological sites and scenic corridors for inclusion in the New Jersey and National Registers, local designation, and planning documents municipal programs - include historic surveys and scenic corridors in local master plans preservation guidelines - ensure uniformity in guidelines used by all levels of govern- ment for the preservation and rehabilitation of historic buildings historic resource and development regulations - protect the character of historic sites, landscapes and structures through flexible application of zoning ordinances, construction codes and other development regulations historic properties and infrastructure - locate and design public and private infrastructure improvements to protect historic properties and their settings from the immedi- ate and cumulative effects of construction and maintenance of these improvements Jersey State Development and Redevelopment Plan: licensed, or funded projects. The regulatory The regulatory framework for historic survey accomplishes the identification compo- architectural survey stems from a variety of laws nent of these requirements, and should occur as and regulations that require government early as possible in project planning and devel- agencies to consider historic properties prior to opment. the implementation of publicly sponsored, 1.3 Explaining the Different Levels of Survey The National Park Service (NPS), the overview section that communicates important federal agency responsible for national preser- background information about the survey area vation policy, has defined two levels of survey and its historic resources. activity: reconnaissance and intensive. Both Intensive-level surveys require in-depth require fieldwork and research to record a historical research and documentation to community’s history, architecture, and archaeol- support an assessment of a property’s eligibility ogy, but they differ in the level of effort ex- for the New Jersey and National Registers of pended on these activities. Historic Places. Intensive-level survey activity A reconnaissance-level survey is preliminary more fully documents the physical characteris- in nature and light in