ZOLOFT Safely and Effectively
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Efficacy of Treatments for Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: a Systematic Review
REVIEW Efficacy of treatments for patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: A systematic review Yun-Jung Choi, PhD, RN, PMHNP (Lecturer) Keywords Abstract Systematic review; obsessive-compulsive disorder; efficacy of medication. Purpose: This systematic review examines the efficacy of pharmacological therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), addressing two major issues: Correspondence which treatment is most effective in treating the patient’s symptoms and which Yun-Jung Choi, PhD, RN, PMHNP, Red Cross is beneficial for maintaining remission. College of Nursing, 98 Saemoonan-Gil, Data sources: Seven databases were used to acquire articles. The key words Jongno-Gu, Seoul 110-102, Korea; used to search for the relative topics published from 1996 to 2007 were Tel: +82-2-3700-3676; fax: +82-2-3700-3400; ‘‘obsessive-compulsive disorder’’ and ‘‘Yale-Brown obsession-compulsion E-mail: [email protected] scale.’’ Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 25 studies were selected Received: August 2007; from 57 potentially relevant studies. accepted: March 2008 Conclusions: The effects of treatment with clomipramine and selective sero- tonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs: fluvoxamine, sertraline, fluoxetine, citalo- doi:10.1111/j.1745-7599.2009.00408.x pram, and escitalopram) proved to be similar, except for the lower adherence rate in case of clomipramine because of its side effects. An adequate drug trial involves administering an effective daily dose for a minimum of 8 weeks. An augmentation strategy proven effective for individuals refractory to monother- apy with SSRI treatment alone is the use of atypical antipsychotics (risperidone, olanzapine, and quetiapine). Implications for practice: Administration of fluvoxamine or sertraline to patients for an adequate duration is recommended as the first-line prescription for OCD, and augmentation therapy with risperidone, olanzapine, or quetiapine is recommended for refractory OCD. -
Impact of CYP2C19 Genotype on Sertraline Exposure in 1200 Scandinavian Patients
www.nature.com/npp ARTICLE Impact of CYP2C19 genotype on sertraline exposure in 1200 Scandinavian patients Line S. Bråten 1,2, Tore Haslemo1,2, Marin M. Jukic3,4, Magnus Ingelman-Sundberg 3, Espen Molden1,5 and Marianne K. Kringen1,2 Sertraline is an (SSRI-)antidepressant metabolized by the polymorphic CYP2C19 enzyme. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of CYP2C19 genotype on the serum concentrations of sertraline in a large patient population. Second, the proportions of patients in the various CYP2C19 genotype-defined subgroups obtaining serum concentrations outside the therapeutic range of sertraline were assessed. A total of 2190 sertraline serum concentration measurements from 1202 patients were included retrospectively from the drug monitoring database at Diakonhjemmet Hospital in Oslo. The patients were divided into CYP2C19 genotype-predicted phenotype subgroups, i.e. normal (NMs), ultra rapid (UMs), intermediate (IMs), and poor metabolisers (PMs). The differences in dose-harmonized serum concentrations of sertraline and N-desmethylsertraline-to-sertraline metabolic ratio were compared between the subgroups, with CYP2C19 NMs set as reference. The patient proportions outside the therapeutic concentration range were also compared between the subgroups with NMs defined as reference. Compared with the CYP2C19 NMs, the sertraline serum concentration was increased 1.38-fold (95% CI 1.26–1.50) and 2.68-fold (95% CI 2.16–3.31) in CYP2C19 IMs and PMs, respectively (p < 0.001), while only a marginally lower serum concentration (−10%) was observed in CYP2C19 UMs (p = 0.012). The odds ratio for having a sertraline concentration above the therapeutic reference range was 1.97 (95% CI 1.21–3.21, p = 0.064) and 8.69 (95% CI 3.88–19.19, p < 0.001) higher for IMs and PMs vs. -
ZOLOFT® 50 Mg and 100 Mg Tablets
NEW ZEALAND DATA SHEET 1. PRODUCT NAME ZOLOFT® 50 mg and 100 mg tablets 2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Each 50 mg tablet contains sertraline hydrochloride equivalent to 50 mg sertraline. Each 100 mg tablet contains sertraline hydrochloride equivalent to 100 mg sertraline. For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1. 3. PHARMACEUTICAL FORM ZOLOFT 50 mg tablets: white film-coated tablets marked with the Pfizer logo on one side and “ZLT” scoreline “50” on the other. Approximate tooling dimensions are 1.03 cm x 0.42 cm x 0.36 cm. ZOLOFT 100 mg tablets: white film-coated tablets marked with the Pfizer logo on one side and “ZLT-100” or “ZLT 100” on the other. Approximate tooling dimensions are 1.31 cm x 0.52 cm x 0.44 cm. 4. CLINICAL PARTICULARS 4.1 Therapeutic indications Adults ZOLOFT is indicated for the treatment of symptoms of depression, including depression accompanied by symptoms of anxiety, in patients with or without a history of mania. Following satisfactory response, continuation with ZOLOFT therapy is effective in preventing relapse of the initial episode of depression or recurrence of further depressive episodes. ZOLOFT is indicated for the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Following initial response, sertraline has been associated with sustained efficacy, safety and tolerability in up 2 years of treatment of OCD. ZOLOFT is indicated for the treatment of panic disorder, with or without agoraphobia. ZOLOFT is indicated for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). ZOLOFT is indicated for the treatment of social phobia (social anxiety disorder). -
Sertraline and Venlafaxine-Induced Nocturnal Enuresis
Case Report DOI: 10.5455/bcp.20140304091103 Sertraline and Venlafaxine-Induced Nocturnal Enuresis Inci Meltem Atay1, Gulin Ozdamar Unal2 ABS TRACT: Sertraline and venlafaxine-induced nocturnal enuresis Nocturnal enuresis is defined as the involuntary discharge of urine after the age of expected continence that occurs during sleep at night. Although there are a few reports in adults for nocturnal enuresis associated 1Assist. Prof., 2M.D., Suleyman Demirel University, School of Medicine, Department with serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), the of Psychiatry, Isparta - Turkey mechanism or frequency of this side effect have not been identified yet. We report here a case of nocturnal Corresponding author: Dr. İnci Meltem Atay enuresis associated with both sertraline and venlafaxine in different major depressive episodes in an adult Süleyman Demirel Universitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Psikiyatri Anabilim Dalı, Isparta - Türkiye patient that resolves after the discontinuation of the medications and continuation with escitalopram. To our E-ma il add ress: knowledge, in literature there have been no reports about nocturnal enuresis caused by those two agents in [email protected] the same patient. This case is discussed in detail for the recurrence of nocturnal enuresis, the importance of Date of submission: detailed assessment of even rare side effects and for their possible mechanisms. February 11, 2014 Date of acceptance: March 04, 2014 Keywords: nocturnal enuresis, venlafaxine, sertraline, depression Declaration of interest: I.M.A, G.O.U.: The authors reported no Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bulteni - Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology 2015;25(3):287-90 conflict of interest related to this article. INTRODUCTION side effect1-6. -
And N-Demethylation of Venlafaxine in Vitro by Human Liver Microsomes
O- and N-demethylation of Venlafaxine In Vitro by Human Liver Microsomes and by Microsomes from cDNA-Transfected Cells: Effect of Metabolic Inhibitors and SSRI Antidepressants Steven M. Fogelman, Jürgen Schmider, Karthik Venkatakrishnan, Lisa L. von Moltke, Jerold S. Harmatz, Richard I. Shader, and David J. Greenblatt The biotransformation of venlafaxine (VF) into its two to the formation of NDV for all four livers tested. major metabolites, O-desmethylvenlafaxine (ODV) and Parameters determined by applying a single-enzyme model 5 / / 5 N-desmethylvenlafaxine (NDV) was studied in vitro with were Vmax 2.14 nmol min mg protein, and Km 2504 human liver microsomes and with microsomes containing mM. Ketoconazole was a potent inhibitor of NDV individual human cytochromes from cDNA-transfected production, although its inhibitory activity was not as great human lymphoblastoid cells. VF was coincubated with as observed with pure 3A substrates. NDV formation was selective cytochrome P450 (CYP) inhibitors and several also reduced by 42% by a polyclonal rabbit antibody against selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) to assess rat liver CYP3A1. Studies using expressed cytochromes their inhibitory effect on VF metabolism. Formation rates showed that NDV was formed by CYP2C9, 22C19, and for ODV incubated with human microsomes were 23A4. The highest intrinsic clearance was attributable to consistent with Michaelis-Menten kinetics for a single- CYP2C19 and the lowest to CYP3A4. However the high in enzyme mediated reaction with substrate inhibition. Mean vivo abundance of 3A isoforms will magnify the 5 parameters determined by non-linear regression were: Vmax importance of this cytochrome. Fluvoxamine (FX), at a / / 5 m m 0.36 nmol min mg protein, Km 41 M, and Ks 22901 concentration of 20 M, decreased NDV production by m M (Ks represents a constant which reflects the degree of 46% consistent with the capacity of FX to inhibit CYP3A, substrate inhibition). -
Determination of Sertraline and Its Metabolite by High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography in Plasma
ACADEMIA ROMÂNĂ Rev. Roum. Chim., Revue Roumaine de Chimie 2015, 60(5-6), 543-548 http://web.icf.ro/rrch/ DETERMINATION OF SERTRALINE AND ITS METABOLITE BY HIGH-PRESSURE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY IN PLASMA Nazan YUCE-ARTUN,a Erguvan Tuğba ÖZEL KIZIL,b Bora BASKAK,b Halise Devrimci ÖZGÜVEN,b Yalçın DUYDUc and Halit Sinan SUZENc,* aBiotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Golbasi, Ankara, Turkey bDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Dikimevi, Ankara, Turkey cDepartment of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey Received November 10, 2014 A fast, simple and sensitive high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with UV detection was developed for frequently prescribed antidepressant, sertraline (SERT) and its main B metabolite N-desmethylsertraline (DSERT), in human plasma. SERT and DSERT were extracted by an optimized solid phase chromatographic (SPE) method using C-18 cartridges and DSE SER Clomipramine was used as external standard (ES). The analytes ES were separated on C18, 4.6 mm × 150 mm, 5 µm column at 50 °C with a mobile phase of 45% acetonitrile + 55% NaH2PO4 at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. Detector responses monitored at 4 different wave-lengths; 200-205-210-215 nm. The method proved to be rapid and effective for the plasma sample analyses of therapeutic drug monitoring for sertraline treated patients. INTRODUCTION* depression, panic disorder, generalised anxiety disorder, and social phobia.2 Like other SSRIs, it High rates of poor compliance, considerable has a wide therapeutic index and seems to be better genetic variability in metabolism, and the clinical tolerated than tricyclic antidepressants.3 The drug heterogeneity of depression are the main problems is slowly absorbed with a time to peak plasma for the practical application of selective serotonin concentration of approximately 4–8 h and an reuptake inhibitors (SSRI).1 Therapeutic drug elimination half life of 22–35 h. -
Geriatric Psychopharmacology: Anti-Depressants Amber Mackey, D.O
Geriatric Psychopharmacology: Anti-depressants Amber Mackey, D.O. University of Reno School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry Chief Resident, PGY-4 Pharmacologic issues in the elderly More likely to experience drug induced adverse events Cardiac effects: Prolonged QTc, arrhythmias, sudden death Peripheral/central anticholinergic effects: constipation, delirium, urinary retention, delirium, and cognitive dysfunction Antihistaminergic effects: sedation Antiadrenergic effects: postural hypotension Other effects: Hyponatremia, bleeding, altered bone metabolism Pharmacokinetic Organ system Change consequence Circulatory system Decreased concentration Increased or decreased of plasma albumin and free concentration of drugs increased α1-acid in plasma glycoprotein Gastrointestinal Table tract 20-1 Decreased intestinal and Decreased rate of drug splanchnic blood flow absorption Kidney Decreased glomerular Decreased renal filtration rate clearance of active metabolites Liver Decreased liver size; Decreased hepatic decreased hepatic blood clearance flow; variable effects on cytochrome P450 isozyme activity Muscle Decreased lean body mass Altered volume of and increased adipose distribution of lipid-soluble tissue drugs, leading to increased elimination half-life Table 20-1, Physiological changes in elderly persons associated with altered pharmacokinetics, American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Geriatric Psychiatry, Fifth Edition, Chapter 20: Psychopharmacology. Other issues Illnesses that effect the elderly also play a role in diminishing -
New Antidepressants and the Treatment of Depression Barry H
Technology Review New Antidepressants and the Treatment of Depression Barry H. Guze, MD, and Michael Gitlin, MD Los Angeles, California Depression is a common and significant health problem antidepressant drugs, the new agents are generally safer associated with impairment in a patient’s ability to than traditional medications used to treat depression: function. The development of new antidepressant med they are well tolerated and, in case of overdose, less ications represents progress in its treatment. These new harmful than tricyclic antidepressants. agents work through the selective blockade of the re uptake of serotonin into the presynaptic neuron, thereby increasing the availability of this neurotrans Key words. Serotonin antagonists; antidepressants; de mitter at the synaptic cleft and enhancing its effective pression; antidepressive agents, tricyclic. ness. While no more effective than traditional tricyclic ( / Fam Pratt 1994; 38:49-57) Depression is a common condition.1 Among the nonin- probability of relapse include the severity of the initial stitutionalized elderly, the prevalence of clinically signif episode, the number of prior episodes, the response to icant depression is about 15%.2 With a lifetime preva prior treatment, and a history of chronic depression.10 lence of 6% and associated risks such as suicide, major Other important factors include comorbid conditions, depression is an important public health concern in the such as chronic medical conditions, and the degree of United States.3 In 1979 and still in 1989, suicide was the psychosocial perturbation. Because recurrence is so com fourth leading cause of death for white Americans.4 mon, early and aggressive treatment of depression has The economic impact of depression in the United been recommended.12 States has been estimated at more than $16 billion, only Depression is usually treated by primary care physi S2.1 billion of which is spent on diagnosis and treat cians. -
LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY Question on Notice
LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY Question On Notice Thursday, 15 February 2018 2560. Ms M. M Quirk to the Minister for Police; I refer to the commencement of operation of the Road Traffic Amendment Act 2016 in March 2017 which introduced compulsory blood or urine samples to be taken from drivers involved in serious crashes, and I ask: (a) since March 2017 how many such samples have been taken; (b) for what specific substances are those blood or urine samples tested; (c) what are the results of those tests to date; and (d) what percentage of drivers have been found to have ingested more than one substance capable of impairing driving skills? Answer (a) The compulsory taking of blood from all drivers involved in serious crashes commenced on 10 March 2017. Between 10 March 2017 and 22 February 2018 (inclusive) a total of 398 blood test samples have been collected under the provision of the Road Traffic Amendment Act 2016. There have been no urine tests collected. (b) Please see attached table for a list of substances in blood sample that are identifiable in ChemCentre toxicology analysis (Paper Number). (c) Of the 398 blood samples collected, 48 are pending results of ChemCentre analysis. Of the 350 analysed, 259 samples had a specific substance(s) detected and 91 samples had no specific substance detected. d) Of the 259 samples with specific substance(s) detected, 92% were found to have multiple substances (more than one). Detectable Substances in Blood Samples capable of identification by the ChemCentre WA. ACETALDEHYDE AMITRIPTYLINE/NORTRIPTYLINE -
Mid Essex CCG 'Guidance for the Treatment of Depression in Adults'
Guidance for the treatment of depression in adults MILD DEPRESSION - Medication is not first-line treatment or only treatment for depression Actively monitor symptoms, give life style advice, guided self- help or exercise MODERATE DEPRESSION Consider psychological intervention. This is accessed by referral or self-referral to Mid Essex IAPT (Improving Access to Psychological Therapies) and include Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) or Interpersonal Therapy (IPT) Ask about OTC/Herbal/St John’s Wort use – NO SSRI to be prescribed if already on St John’s Wort or stop St John’s Wort Consider referral to specialist care early if the patient has significant suicidal ideation, severe depression, depression in bipolar disorder. MODERATE to SEVERE DEPRESSION Discuss medication and treatment options with patient before prescribing, include side effects and risk of suicidal thoughts during onset of treatment. Consider patients co-morbidities when selecting antidepressant and ask about OTC/Herbal/St John’s Wort as described above. Refer to IAPT - Psychological therapies should be continued alongside medication. Ensure adequate duration of treatment has been tried before switching medication or increasing dose. CITALOPRAM 20mg daily or SERTRALINE 50mg daily Citalopram – consider Dose 10mg for 10days then Assess efficacy over 6-8 weeks. If effective see box 1 titration 20mg for 6-8 weeks Ineffective Sertraline – consider Poorly 25mg for 10days then tolerated 50mg for 6-8 weeks Increase to: Citalopram 30mg OD, Switch to fluoxetine or increase to 40mg after 6 line another SSRI or Mirtazapine. st weeks if required (MAX dose 1 Cross-taper when switching. Box 1. in elderly = 20mg) Increase to therapeutic dose. -
About Your Medication SERTRALINE
About your medication SERTRALINE (ZOLOFT® 50mg, 100mg tablets) Other brands may be available WHAT IS SERTRALINE? Sertraline is from a group of anti-depressant medications known as serotonin re- uptake inhibitors (SSRIs). It is only available on a doctor’s prescription. WHAT IS IT FOR? Sertraline is mainly used in adults to treat severe emotional problems that interfere with normal life. These problems can include severe forms of depression, anxiety, and obsessive compulsive disorder. In children and adolescents, there is less experience in treating severe emotional problems with sertraline. Most experience is in treating obsessive compulsive disorder. The use of sertraline to treat a child or adolescent with severe emotional problems should occur with caution and be part of a comprehensive treatment plan that includes non-medication treatments. Specialists such as Child Psychiatrists and Developmental Paediatricians should supervise treatment with these medicines. HOW TO TAKE THIS MEDICINE It is important that this medicine is given only as directed and not given to other people. Treatment starts with a low dose and is adjusted by your doctor according to the response. Most anti-depressant medications take time to work so don't be discouraged if the sertraline seems not to be working immediately. It may take two to four weeks or even longer to feel the full benefit of sertraline. Sertraline can be taken with food or on an empty stomach. It is best to give the medicine in the morning. If two doses a day are required, it is best given in the morning and the early afternoon. WHAT TO DO IF A DOSE IS MISSED If your child misses a dose of the medication it can be given as soon as you remember. -
Sertraline in Children and Adolescents with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Sertraline in Children and Adolescents With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial John S. March, MD, MPH; Joseph Biederman, MD; Robert Wolkow, MD; Allan Safferman, MD; Jack Mardekian, PhD; Edwin H. Cook, MD; Neal R. Cutler, MD; Roberto Dominguez, MD; James Ferguson, MD; Betty Muller, MD; Robert Riesenberg, MD; Murray Rosenthal, DO; Floyd R. Sallee, MD, PhD; Hans Steiner, MD; Karen D. Wagner, MD, PhD Context.—The serotonin reuptake inhibitors are the treatment of choice for pa- APPROXIMATELY 1 in 200 young per- tients with obsessive-compulsive disorder; however, empirical support for this as- sons has obsessive-compulsive disorder sertion has been weaker for children and adolescents than for adults. (OCD),1 which many believe to be the 2 Objective.—To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the selective serotonin reup- paradigmatic neuropsychiatric illness. take inhibitor sertraline hydrochloride in children and adolescents with obsessive- Individuals with OCD experience obses- sions, which are recurrent and persis- compulsive disorder. tent thoughts, images, or impulses that Design.—Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. are egodystonic, intrusive, and, for the Patients.—One hundred eighty-seven patients: 107 children aged 6 to 12 years most part, acknowledged as senseless.3 and 80 adolescents aged 13 to 17 years randomized to receive either sertraline (53 children, 39 adolescents) or placebo (54 children, 41 adolescents). See also p 1784 and Patient Page. Setting.—Twelve US academic and community clinics with experience con- ducting randomized controlled trials. Intervention.—Sertraline hydrochloride was titrated to a maximum of 200 mg/d Common obsessions are generally ac- during the first 4 weeks of double-blind therapy, after which patients continued to companied by distressing negative af- fects, such as fear, disgust, doubt, or a receive this dosage of medication for 8 more weeks.