INTROD ' CTION

HE period of Louis XIV was pe culiarly fortunate in possessing th e greatestportraitengraver that Nantul H h r r Ro ert e . e as e eve lived, b i p petuated for us th e likenesses of many of m us men of t at reat e oc He th e fa o h g p h . was patronized by th e king himself as well s R c el eu and Mazar n and th e a by i h i i , by men wh o assisted them in their work of es tablishing a strong central government as opposed to th e conflicting and usually petty n selfis a ms of the ere tar no l s a d h i h di y b e . An occas onal one of his s tters suc as i i , h Mons eur” or th e Due d’Es ernon ma i p , y be found wh o were identified with what ma b e ermed th e reactonar art but y t i y p y,

‘ as a rule the men whom he portrayed are a soc ated it th e reater ol c of France s i w h g p i y . The su remec ounc l c ous XIII p i , whi h L i establi shed by his will as a check upon the o er of th e re ent nne of ustr a was p w g , A A i , com ose of the ollo in men : Gaston p d f w g , Duc d’Orléans the Prince of Con é Mazar n th e ancellor e uier Le d , i , Ch S g , Bouthillier and his s n Th or on Chavig y. e p traits of all of these men were engraved by NanteuiL As a class they are admirably escr e Per ns en he sa s t atth e d ib d by ki , wh y h nobles disliked campaigning in winter be caus e alt u t e r n a ra d of bul , ho gh h y we e ot f i lets t mud . , hey were greatly afraid of 3 Nanteuil’s method throughout was re markable for greatsimplicity and straight or ar n ss He had a on er ul n f w d e . w d f tech ical master and was ca a le of er orm n th y, p b p f i g e m astoundi n tours de orce u h rarel ost g f , b t e y id so exce t in so uno trus e a mann r d , p b iv e scarcel notcea l as to be y i b e. Hi earl estdated lates a out1650 s o s i p , b , h w l th nflu nce of laud M llan In strong y e i e C e e . ral t e are er uetin tone e n gene h y v y q i , b i g r ou an dee s ado s Th p actically with t y p h w . e influence of Mellan is to be seen in the fact thatth e faces are almost entirely shaded rallel l nes ractcall no ro s with pa i , p i y c s n n used Th e ortra ts of B hatchi g bei g . p i er nard deF oixand LeBouthillier are examples nn r l ttle later a out th of this ma e . A i , b e ear 1654 his st le c an ed a arentl y , y h g , pp y fl n f Mor n The eneral under th e in ue ceo i . g n h e r nts is stll uetbutac an to e of t p i i q i , h ge may benoticed in the circumstance thatthe faces are partly shaded with very shortlit tl ur n stro es c was an a roac e b i k , whi h pp h f r n Th or to th e stipple method o Mo i . e p traitof D ominiquedeI/igny is typical of this ta The amous ortra t of Nicolas s ge. f p i F ouquetwould also seem technically to be lon to s er od alt ou it ears the g thi p i , h gh b 16 1 Itwas ro a l s m l a re date of 6 . p b b y i p y i ar r mann r From t s version to h s e lie e . hi period forward Nanteuil seems to have oh r n m r t in his s ado s tained mo e a d o e dep h h w , and to have used in the treatment of th e faces a mixtureof lines with lightand very ’ r ur str es The master s st le sho t b in ok . y s teadily became broader and bolder and reached perhaps its culmination about the 0 The ear 1658 i s mar ed year 1658 to 166 . y k out by the wonderful portraits of Camb , B i L or In t ese as le F aet and J ean et. ouq , h r n terl the treatmentis very b oad a d mas y, more so er a s t an atan ot er er od. , p h p , h y h p i 4 More delicacy was obtained about the ear 1661 as ma be seen ortra ts of y , y by p i L aMothele Va er Fran ois Mollier deHou y , c s sa J ean- B a tis teColbertand Charles de la y, p , P orte Th e ortra tof Nicolas F ou uetalso . p i q would seem to belong to this peri od by the l ex ress e c aracter of th e ace vivid y p iv h f , t ou as we a e alread sa d its ems t h gh, h v y i , e o have a considerableresemblancetechnically arl r manner Th me l a to his e e . e sa e c c i d i y, utloss of e t is se a l witho d p h, ob rv b e in th e portraitof Novion The greatpor tra t of ous X IV en ra e in 1666 i L i , g v d , ’ shows Nauteuil s style practically in its r ecton and itis difli cultto sa et er pe f i , y wh h the finestportraits of this period surpass those of th e period of the B asile F ouquet r not s same ual t alread no o . Thi q i y y ticed in th e portraits of Charles de la P orte and NoiJion may also be seen in th e splendid large head of J ean-B ap tis te Colbert Perhaps th emostfamous of all Nanteuil’s ortra ts is t at of P om one de B ellievre p i h p , a tr the a ntn L e Brun butso hi f e p i i g by , gh r t a Mr t erton Curts a ree an autho i y s . A h i g s with other expertjudges thatseveral por traits which were designed as well as eu graved by Nanteuil are superior in quality to any which th e master engraved from rai a nt ot r n s ort ts p i ed by he ha d .

L DAVID ' EPPE .

' o o 14 1908. New rk, Oct ber ,

CATALOG' E

' 1 Bern ard de Foix de la V alette, Dcc d Espet

- non . (RobertDumesni l No. 91) 650 Dated 1 . o t Second state , bef re the let ering around th e '

ut the date 1650. border, b with l Engraved by Nanteui from hi s own des ign .

' h on Of th e D ue d Es rno wh o w This man was t es pe n, as seated in th e carriage with Henry IV atth e ti me when th e king was Th e Due was s s of om i i in the assass in ated . u pected c pl c ty

o is ev was o e . o the older and pl t, but th n er pr v d B th the m younger Espernon were extre ely haughty and arrogant men . Their poss es sions in Gui enne were of an almost royal char acter and they governed them practi cally independent of th e o e e s so ia th e ac tio a royal authority . B th w r a c ted wi th re n ry ' party .

i s France under Richelieu M . J . B . Perk n . and azarin

2 mt L601: Le Bouthillier, Co e de Chavigny . o - um s i N 66 (R bert D e n l o. )

Undated .

Only s tate . om nt l m Fr the pai ing by Phi ippe de Cha paigne . was son of u L e B uhilli r He the Cla de o t e , the su erinten dent of s hi p finance , and , like s father, was m m f o o . 5 1643 a e ber the c uncil On June , , Claude ‘ Le Bouth illi er was removed from ofli ce to make for o of way Bailleul and the C unt Avaux , an d Lé on Le Bouthillier s i to m i , refu ng re a n in the council ’ hi s after father s fall, res igned hi s s ecretaryship of s e i as to tat , wh ch w given Henri de Lomé nie de

Brienne .

' i e his si i o as a of Chav gny tender d re gnat n Secret ry State, o i a s it o be s i h p ng perh p w uld refu ed, but Mazar n was weary Of i a a i was th e o of his o n hear ng th t Ch v gny auth r f rtu es . Th e resignation was gladly accepted by th e 'ueen and th e place was i to th e o of i n aman o o g ven C unt Br e ne, f l ng exp eri ence ' in its duties .

J . . i s Frames under Ri chelieu / i B Perk n , and Mazeran. Th e retirement (of th e 'ueen and th e young Louis XIV to Ruel was soon followed by th e overthrow of Chateauneuf and i two me Chav gny. n whom Mazarin beli eved had done ' much in urging the parli ament to its present position (th e io of he Ateaun h o r rebell n t Fronds ). Ch euf ad l ng been e garded as a pers on of such great ability that even Mazarin had o ' nce feared h im as a rival for Anne s favor . Chavigny was a s i mo t ll re dangerous enemy (to Mazarin). Introduced i o Ofli ce hi s i s i o n nt by father. Chav gny, when t ll very y u g. had gained th e good will and confidence Of Richelieu and thi s he ’ h ad s i h i He o f pre erved unt l t e Card nal s death . had h ped or o i a i om h ed equal fav r w th M zar n, wh e regard as greatly ln e to him for th e i i Of h is e debt d help at begnn ng care r, but a i o i no c o s Ri i and th e Maz r n rec gn zed benefa t r ave chel eu, 'ueen h ad gratified h er spite by dismi s sing Chavigny from

Ofli ce.

o sti a o n man i h ad su i in Th ugh ll y u g , Chav gny ch exper ence th e adminis tration and such knowledge of all th e s ecrets of s if is h e o n ot i im i be tate, that, d graced, c uld , w th pun ty, left

om. h a was o i o e to re in freed C teauneuf , acc rd ngly, rder d om i s o i o tire fifty leagues fr Par s . but Chavigny wa thr wn nt ' close confin ement atVincennes . Richeie an J . . i s F an ce n er d Ma a B Perk n . r u d l u z rin .

' ’ 3 Henri dc Guenegaud, Marquis de Piancy . - m 106 (Robert Du esnil No. )

Undated . o o o of First state, bef re the dec rati n the order of l e o the Ho y Ghost, and b f re the change in the coat

- Oi arms . ili m From th e painting by Ph ppe de Cha paigne .

’ 4 - - IE Bechertde Saron, Chanoine dc giise de o - m s N 42 Paris. (R bert Du e nil o. )

Undated . l On y state . ’ From Nanteuil s own design . 165 1 o i to Rob Thi s portrait, engraved in , acc rd ng

- um i s s r o s wh o h e ert D esn l, repre ent either F anc i , m of mo i 1715 or hi ca e bishop Cler nt , and d ed in , s

o s o s wh o 1690. younger brother, L ui Alph n e , died in

’ - ur Ac v 5 Frederic Maurice de la To d ergne, Due

ll n mt urenne. de Boui o , Vico e de T

- m N (Robert Du esnil o. 49)

Undated . T s of s s i one s ro hird tate, five tate , w th vertical t ke

in the lower margin .

o 22 1605 . Pon Born at Sedan , Oct ber , Died at 2 was son of o 22 165 . t i se, August , He the Henri ’ T d Auv r n e o of de la our e g , and the elder br ther the T His m as h s great urenne . fa e a general a been f h i o n o eclips ed by that o s y u ger br ther Henri .

6 F - rancois Theodore dc Nes mond.

- m 201 (Robert Du esnil No. ) 165 Dated 3.

Only state . ’ From Nanteuil s own design from life . Presidentamo au m s rtier Parle ent de Pari , and of m nd o f wh o father Francois Nes o , Bish p o Bayeux,

1714 89 5 o . died in , aged , after 3 years in his episc pate 8 7 Dominique de Ligny, Bishop of Meaux. -Dw nil 144 (Robert es NO. ) 1654 Dated .

Only s tate. il’ l From Nauteu s own design from ife . o W hen Nanteuil drew this p rtrait, Domin ique de w A n ’ n Lig ny as bbede Sai t Jean d Amie s .

- nn rr f 8 Francois de ClermontTo e e, Bishop O -Burn snil N 68 N (Robert e O. ) 6 Dated 1 55 . of o l First state three . Before the pas t ra cross ” of s o Iri s-rare and before the title the per nage . . ’ From Nanteuil s own design from li fe . Clermont—Tonnerre was created a marshal of

4 i erv d in war of 1701 . France, 17 7, after hav ng s e the

9 The Same. i o e. W s o oss Sec nd stat th the pa t ral cr , with the

o -of- a ms o f change in the c at r , but bef re the title o o the pers nage . om o to of o i R b k Fr the c llec i n J hn M chael ys rac , o o to and an unkn wn c llec i n .

n l i - 60 lea Ch ape a n. (Robert M esnil No. ) 65 Dated 1 5 .

o s of o r st s e o o Sec nd tate , f u ate , b f re the additi nal o of r n l cks hai o the forehead . om Nan t uil ’ Fr e s own des ign from life . ” f r L F an D li vr Engraved o a Pucelle oula r ce e ée,

s 1656. Pari ,

h o m 4 1595 . Jean C apelain , b rn at Paris , Dece ber ,

22 1674. Hi m o o m La Died February , s edi cre p e Pacellc brought hi m much more renown than the Iliad brought to Homer. Chapelain was a us eful

man to literature . It was he wh o corrected the firs t

poems of Racine . He was one Of the first members of the French m was fl m Acade y, and in uential in deter ining the

In u s character of its labors . the c rious li ts which s of of L i have been pre erved the liberalities ou s XIV , mo o s s To we find, a ng ther , thi entry the Sieur s h s Chapelain, the greate t French poet that a ever mos s ol m been , with the t id judg ent ” ' ” s . s m s r livre In the a e li t Racine, a F ench poet, ' s 300 r s and o receive liv e , Pierre C rneille , the great m ” est o o l . dra atic p et in the w rld , ivres

11 - Jean Francois Sarrasi n . - 2 (Robert Dumesnil No. 20) 1656 Dated . s s a of o s s o th Fir t t te, f ur tate , bef re e vertical s o m tr ke in the argin . om Nant uil’ wn Fr e s o de sign . 9 One of the most polis hed and ingenious writers of s e w the event enth century in France . He as born m l in 1603 di at Her anvil e, near Caen , , and ed (it is of i n said, chagr n, at havi g been badly treated by of the Prince Conti) at Pezenas in 1654. He is chi efly m m o re e bered as a p et, but there are a number Of o hi m in o w rks by pr se and verse , of whi ch the prin c ipal ones are : His toire da Siege dc Dunkerque (by o i s ou o n o é P L u de B rb n, Pri ce de C nd ), ompefunebre de Voitwre La C ns i ation do W a tein , o p r ls , and a v ol ume T ai té da nom ct da J eu E entitled r des choes . was o e for his in om He n t d wit any c pany .

Ma ar n. o - m s N 5 Jules z i (R bert Du e nil o. 17 )

Undated . s s o t o Fir t tate , bef re the let ering ar und the border .

- M After Van 01. o s i in 14 1602 B rn at Pi c na , the Abruzzi, July , . He w s om o m as de cended fr a n ble Sicilian fa ily, studied at a Jes uit college at Rome and at the Uni vers ity of a 1622 mi Alcal , and in entered the papal litary ser m m 1639 vice . He beca e a naturalized French an in , and in 1641 was made a cardinal by the Pope on the o of o s XI o pres entati n L ui II, alth ug h he had never wa taken anything but minor orders . He s ap p ointed prime mini s ter outhe death of Richelieu in 1642 was t offi , and re ained in ce by the queen regent, of s t of Lo s X Anne Au tria, af er the death ui III, in

1643. o o o of He c ntinued the f reign p licy Richelieu, which looked to the abatement of the power of the hous e of Aus tria by interfering in favor of the Prot ’ t T i t ' s W ar estan s in the h r y ear , and which resulted in complete success at the peace of W estphalia in f r n 648. om his o o 1 At h e, p licy cent alizi g all ad o minis trative authority in the cr wn , also a legacy as o o from Richelieu, w pp s ed by the nobles and the m s Parli a ent of Pari , and gave ris e to the wars of i w the Fronds , dur ng which he as twice expelled by — his opponents from the court (165 1 5 2 and 165 2 In 165 9 he concluded the peace of the Pyrenees and negotiated the marriage of Louis XIV with Maria

T s of of s s a here a , daughter Philip IV Spain , thu ec r ing an increase of French territory and putting an end to the hostilities with Spain which had sprung ’ up during the Thi rty ' ears W ar. Died at Vin ‘

cen nes 9 1661 . , March ,

13 - 79 Jules Mazarin . (RobertDumesnil NO. 1 )

Dated 1656.

Only s tate. ’ wn m From Nanteuil s o design fro life . 10 r P la 14 j acques Amelot, Premie resident de — N 19) Cour des Aides. (Robert Dumesnil o.

Undated . s o n e Firststate, Of three s tate , bef re the cha g in

- ~ the coatof arms . ’ From Nanteuil s own design .

- 221 Georges de Scuderi. (Robert Dumesnil No. )

Undated . o wa First s tate , bef re the plate s reduced to an m o l o of o oval . Fro the c l ecti n Athert n Curtis . u ’ own From Nante il s design from life .

o s c was o 16 Ge rge de S uderi b rn at Havre in 01 . 6 m s 1 67. Died at Pari , May, Me ber of the French

w f r - m . is s o o his om Acade y He be t kn n tragi c edy,

’ ’ l ranni uc his L Amour y q , and epic poem Alanc on me Vaincac for i s e - was Ho ( which th plat engraved),

s 1654. o Pari , Fav red by Cardinal Richelieu, he one m had at ti e an equal reputation with Corneille .

o - m s (R bert Du e nil No. 116)

Undated . f o o Third state o f ur, bef re the plate was cut to an

oval . ’ From Nanteuil s own de sign .

Phys ician to the king .

u Jacques, Marquis de Casteina . ob - m s N 5 (R ert Du e nil O. 8) 5 Dated 16 6. t Only s ate . ’ nteuil s own s om From Na de ign fr life .

L - f Marshal of France , ieutenant general o the f s o armies o the king in Flander , G vernor of Brest . He was mortally wounded in 1658 at th e siege of t was for Memoi r dc Calais . This pla e engraved s:

ureur. 1 59 i C telnau . Lelabo 6 M chel dc ae , by J Paris , .

v o - m 37 Pompone deBellie re. (R bert Du esnil No. )

Second state . un From the painting by Le Br .

W h o is this handsome man to whom th e en graver h as given f m 7 Son and so Of mi n a lease o fa e , nephew, grand n e ent mag tes in th e o i i of th e o i two d rs is tra , high n b l ty r be, w th gran fathe o of F a ims atth e of th e ma istn' Of chancell rs r nce, h elf head g y s resi of i m o di to i s i io France, fir t P dent Parl a entacc r ng n cr pt n n a i Sonatas F rancios ince s m ss o to on th e e gr v ng, Pr p , a ba ad r o a and E la in th e a r ou t Italy, H ll nd, ng nd, charged l tte c n ry by Cardinal Mazarin wi th th e impos sible duty of making peace and r s th e Fi st and at between th e Long Parliament Cha le r , i n o of th e G os i a of is h s death, great be efact r eneral H p t l Par , 11 h r bestowing upon itrich es and t e ve y bed on which he died. ' is th e sim o and etitis all o . Such ple catal gue, y f rgotten

mn r The B est ortait: in En ravin . 16 17. Charles Su e , P r g g, pp ,

' in dly lent for this exhibiti on .

- 223 Pierre Seguier. (Robert Dumesnil No. ) 16 Dated 57.

Firs t s tate of three s tate s . in h orn the paint g by Charles Le Brun . From the collection of Pierre Mariette ui r o of c Du Pierre Seg e , Chancell r Fran e , e de m o 29 Villemot o . s , C te de Gien B rn at Pari , May ,

- - 588 . m n a 28 1 . Died at S Ger ain e L ye , January ,

16 2 n f oi uier o e- 7 . So o Ant ne Seg , Adv cat General President aMortier and Ambass ador so of r to Venice in 1598. Grand n Pierre Seguie (1504 wh o was famous during the reigns of

Henry H and Charles IX . He calmed the troubles in Normandy in 1639 and risked hi s life at -the was o n barricades . He always l yal duri g the period of o s not when it was c n iderable advantage to be so. He did notcontest precedence with the father of the Grande Condé on formal occasions when he as sisted l m was s with th e Par e ent . He a ju t and learned m n f of e o s . was man, and a friend letter He the especial patron of the Académi e Francaise after the

death of Cardinal Richelieu, at a period before this o om os of s o m of d m b dy, c p ed the fir t n ble en the king o s s was n r and the greate t writer , u der the direct p o i m tection of the king h self .

- Gilles Boileau. (Robert Dumesnil No. 43) 1658 Dated . o e s Second state . Bef r the ver es below . ’ From Nanteuil s own de sign . Grefiler de la Grand Chambre du Parlement de f mo s i Pari s, father o the fa u French crit c and poet , Boileau- Despré aux (1637 and of Gilles ’ o l o o l Ar enterie du Roi 1631 B i eau, C ntr leur de g (

21 r n Pierre dc Cambout, Ca di al de Coislin. o t- um N 69 (R ber D es nil o. ) 16 s Dated 58. s s o was om Fir t tate, bef re the date chang ed fr

1658 to 1664.

' m N uil o m i Fro ante s wn design fro l fe .

22 - Basile Fouquet. (Robert Dumesnil No. 97)

Dated 165 8.

Only s tate. ’ From Nanteui l s own design from life . 12 e Abb de Barbeaux and Rigny, Chancelier des

s da Roi . o of o s o Ordre Br ther Nic la F uquet, the mo s i e of fa u Super nt ndent Finance .

23 The Same. m Another i pression .

24 ous L i deBailleul, PrésidentaMortier an Par

lementde ar s. o - m sn N 27 P i (R bert Du e il o. ) 1658 Dated .

c o s of ou s t s 1 5 Se nd tate , f r ta e , with the date 6 8. ’ om anteuil s wn Fr N o design from life .

ean ret. o - m N 150 J Lo (R bert Du es nil o. )

o st o Sec nd ate , bef re the comma after the name

Loret in the vers e below .

om Galich on mi - Fr the , Fir n Didot , and Atherton

Curti s collecti ons . Lo is i fl m m for hi s a ette ret ch e y re e bered G z , writ in ve s lib es to ss 1650 ten r r , which he began i ue in , o hi s 1666 a and c ntinued until death in . Th e G zette was issued each week and was address ed to Made moi ell L o l h s e de nguevi le , w o became later Duchess e om de Nemours . Fr her he received a pension of 2 000 s om o s o i , livre , and fr Nic la F uquet, Super ntend f o 20 ent o Finance , an ther 0 é cus . Thi s latter pension he lost when Fouquet was imprisoned in th e L o Bastile, but oret c ntinued to uphold the fallen mi i a ette t h i n s ter in the G z , and Fouquet, o s las ting o o m s of i s to Lo to h n r, ade a pre ent l vre ret, enable the latter to continue the Gazette' but di d n ot Lo o to om was for i let ret kn w wh he indebted this g ft.

- l m i . 131 Michel e Tellier. (Robert Du esn l No ) 6 Dated 1 59.

Only state . ’ From Nanteui l s own design from life .

i at som s m D e No s as ked to be al P qued e uch treat ent, yer ' lowed to retire and th e king (Loui s XIII) ' took him athis — o . Hi s a was L e i man th e w rd pl ce filled by Tell er, a Venetian mi nister wrote ‘ wh o depended upon Mazarin as ’ L e i as s i to a o o i i day upon the sun . Tell er w de t ned l ng p l t cal m i io s i th e ar e . A o c e r lways capable, never a b t u , fill ng well p sition in th e i s of s s si to h im h e i at82 affa r tate a gned , d ed , ' while Chancellor of France .

' Richelieuand asmi n . J . . i ns Fran ceun de B Perk , r M

T l o of Michel le el ier, Chancell r France , and Min

s of te wa o s 19 1603 i ter Sta , s b rn at Pari , April , , on o 28 1685 s and died Oct ber , , a few day after hav in s o o o of of g igned , j yfully, the Rev cati n the Edict di Nantes . To hi m the queen regent and Car nal l o Mazarin gave their especia confidence, and up n the

z in 1661 L T o death of Ma arin , e ellier, t gether with L o m o n Fouquet and ionne, f r ed the inner c u cil , 13 with whom Louis daily from th e hours of nine until eleven each morni ng arranged the order of each ’ 1666 s hi s ofiice as sec day s work . In he re igned r s o of hi s s s on reta y of tate , in fav r elde t , the Mar hi qui s de Louvois, but still retained s seat in the m d hi s . The wh o hi council , an title king , held in m him o Garcia des high e s tee , made chancell r and a 16 7 o in s t of his ad Sce wt in 7 , which ffice , pi e s T o i to s vanced year , Le ellier c nt nued di charge hi s 1685 t with great ability until death in , regret ed

by the king and by all France .

- 27 Pierre Seguier de SaintBriann a. — 224 (Robert Dumesnil No. ) 9 Dated 165 .

Only s tate . ' From Nanteuil s own design from life .

19 of h s o . (See note under No. t i catal gue )

o - m (R bert Du esnil No. 148) 660 Dated 1 .

Firs t state . om anteuil’ own o Fr N s design fr m life . m 6 1595 . o 1 66. Born Died N ve ber, Son of Antoine omei so of t m de L n e and grand n Mar ial de Lo enie, s s wh o was Seigneur de Ver aille , killed in the massa m 1 o o 572. cre of St . Barth l ew in Henri Augus te was 1624 as m ss d o to sent, in , a ba a r England (hi s grand father was ambass ad or extraordinary to England in 595 and so l hi s 1 ) , al ike grandfather, became s ecre

of s . Hi s son Lo s ome tary tate , Henri ui de L nie , likewis e became s ecretary of s tate at the phenome 23 nally early age of .

o -D m s No 2 (R bert u e nil . 9 )

Dated 1660.

Only state . ’ om Nanteuil s own s m Fr de ign fro life . At the period when this portrait was made Cesar was s o of o n bi h p La n, othavin g been rais ed to the 6 cardinalate until 1 74. ' ’ é s s e s was o 5 1 28 C ar d E tr e b rn February , 6 , and

i h is of m - - . des d ed at Abbey S Ger ain Pre s, Decem

18 1714. was s ber , He intru ted by the kin g with ma m o t ot i o s ny i p r ant neg iat n in Italy, Germany, i and Spa n . He was a great patron of men of letters m of his w and, at the ti e death, as dean of the Acad ém ie Francais e .

33 Francois Mallier do Hoossay , Bishop of

- Troyes. (Robert Dumesnil No. 167)

e / ” s s e o . fl és rare. Fir t tate , b f re the lettering Velut From the pain ting by .

- 98 Nicolas Fouquet. (Robert Dumes nil No. ) 1 Dated 166 .

f ix mi - n M si a Firs t s tate o s . W ith the s spelli g is r ” - - - M e T es a t m s i . for es sir . r r re. Rober Du e n l

1615 . Pi ne l mo Born at Paris , Died at g ro , Pied nt, 23 1680 March , .

o s o - s was Nic la F uquet, Marquis de Belle I le , Super intendentof Finance (1652—1661) in spite of the fact that he was also Procureur Général of the Parlement s 1664 wa s of o o de Pari . In he s accu ed c rrupti n and o s in m m f of dish ne ty the anage ent o the finances , o to m mo f appr priating hi s elf public ney, o preparing to ev f r os r ive civil war in France , and o that purp e

- Th e f o of fortifying Belle Is le . charge s o treas n were of s m u absurd , di honesty ost probably tr e . Judged mo a w i F u by dern st ndards , Mazarin as as gu lty as o e o s s m o quet . Th wh le financial y te was r tten and m so i of m o m re ained , with ntervals i pr ve ent, until

the Revolution and after .

i his to- s In build ng palace at Vaux , day Villar , Fouquet expended eighteen million francs of the

m of h is m T o oney ti e. his w uld be equivalent to m hi s francs at the pres ent ti e . Even after

arrest he was able to lend the king francs . was of for s s He in the habit playing very high take ,

and often lost crowns at a s in gle sitting . Never was a s quanderer of the royal resources more o i n ble and more generous than th s superintendent, never was a man highly placed wh o had more per o m n wh o w s nal friends, and never a a pers ecuted as i i better s erved dur ng the time of h s misfortune . Condemned by a commis s ion in 1664 to perpetual m 16 h i banish ent, he died in obscurity in 80. After s

disgrace the place of superintendent was suppressed . Of th e three minis ters to whom Louis had openly given hi s o ion i and F o th e s c nfidence, L ne. Le Tell er, uquet, la t named was th e only one wh o pos sessed th e qualities necessary

for a Prime Mini ster . ’ Itwas i s s m de L a F generally bel eved, ay Mada e ayette, that th e Superintendent would be called upon to take th e ’ n Government into his hands . There is o doubt whatever that Fo i H uquet h mself expected eventually to succeed Mazarin . e ' di d notbelieve in Louis perseverance h ewas convinced that in afew months th e ' ing would gladly delegate h is power to a i minis ter. W h at r val had Fouquet to fear ' He was well aware of h is intellectual superiority to LeTellier and Lionne ' h e had already been entrus ted with important matters touching not only th e internal condition but also th e foreign relati ons of F h h rance e ad frequent confidential interviews with th e' ing . Hi s io s too i th e o h im . relat n , , w th C urt gave every confidence Th e number of his friends an d cli ents and pens ioners was enormous ' he was favoured by th e 'ueen- Mother ' in th e 16 ou i i s o i r mi os i ion was C nc l t elf, th ugh Le Tell e ght be h t le, L ne

prac tically in his pay . wa s m so th e ' His y ee ed clear, confidence of the ing so as s Fo te to an i o and ured, that uquet neglec d take y precaut ns, be li eved that within a very short time he would be atth e head of

Th e trial of Fouquet was a seventeenth ~century W arren t m Has tings trial . It was nec essary o ake an example in th e case of th e French Finance Minis ter as itwas in thecase of the - Fo Indian Governor General . Had uquet been proved innocent t i i if not im ossi to i would have been d ff cult, p ble, punis h s m m or to th e i o s m s i o i aller en, annul ru n u engage ent nt wh ch mo sim h e h ad . o is eo r not o entered L u , r ver, ply da ed all w

Fouquet to be at large. He feared that the powerful and captivating minis ter mi ght somehow interferewith his scheme

of governing France after hi s own method . ' Th e fall of Fouquet marks an epoch in the history of

' n T h e rei of o is Xl V mall om th Fra ce . gn L u y began fr e date ’ of th e Superintendent s arrest . Th e fall of Fouquet was not of an o i n mi ni s itwas th e of a th e fall rd ary ter, fall system of

government which h ad lasted half a century . It was the end io of Ri li and of i of o of th e per d che eu Mazar n, the H tel de and of th e F o all th e i i Rambouillet r nde, with ntr gues and ao ’ Resis to o i s s m of o ti vi ties of that time. tance L u che e g vern h ment was now over. Henceforward e could exercis e his

power without control or interference. - A ss Louis X I . rthur Ha all, V, pp lib 122 .

o - m s No 152 Louis XIV. (R bert Du e nil . )

Dated 1661.

f r s es . Th First state , o th ee tat e date is followed Ra ” o re. by a single dot nly .

After the painting by Mignard. nc o is o mi o o io In appeara e L u , th ugh ad rably pr p rt ned, was

o th emi ei . His s h is o slightly bel w ddle h ght eye were blue, n se ir i w m o m . His as a for i long and well f r ed ha , wh ch re ark ble ts

was o to o his s o s . W i h is abundance, all wed fall ver h ulder th hands ome features and hi s serious — perhaps phlegmatic

expression he seemed ad mirably fitted to play th e part of s.

He all th e i i s ss for th e rble. monarc h . had k ngly g ft nece ary

fi s m and o o s . s i in He was digni ed, re erved, cal c urte u Maje t c

man s and a ia e o ri i is m. e pers on. his ner c rr g were ab ve c t c H

was a graceful dancer and an excellent horseman . His tact ma e s was i and h is s s of even in th e smallest tt r unerr ng, en e s propriety and order unus ual in o young aman . He h ad cul tiv ated with considerable succes s th e habit of self-control ' h e

and se om wa to e . His i rarely laughed, ld gave y ang r grav ty of manner and habitual discretion impressed favourably those ‘ He o n with whom he came in contact. w uld have bee every ’ i - imo e s us ‘ if h e h ad o in ch a king, Sa nt S n t ll , even been b rn ’ an d olin o i i om under the roof of a beggar, B gbr ke, wr t ng fr if was notth e personal observation, declared that, he great es c o of ma s at e s a es tking h e was the b t a t r je ty, l a t, th t ever ’ filled a throne. o i in o i i i was in him He was , h wever, lack ng r g nal ty ' there

ni He o i s for i own s . F no spark of ge us. l ved deta l the r ake lat

tory of th e most exaggerated kin d was ever acceptable to him. Though the J esuits had superintended his religious trai ning h e th e im s of is ia i and was in reality ignorant of rud ent Chr t n ty, his general educati on had been scandalously neglected owing He em i o to th e incapacity of Villeroi and Péré fixe. r a ned ign o i o s s h e s e som tim s athis rant all his life. B l ngbr ke ay je t d e e i - imo s us on own ignorance ' on th e other hand, Sa nt S ntell that ' of hi s i i other occasions h e spoke bitterly defic enc es. - Louis I IV . 82 84. Arthur Hassall, , pp Louis was twenty-three years of age at the time

this portrait was engraved . 17 36 Antoine Barriiion de Moran gis, Conseiller ' d Etat, Intendantdes Finances.

- (Robert Dumesnil No. 31 66 Dated 1 1 .

Only state. ’ From Nanteuil s own design from life .

t Doc de la Mellera e. Ch arles de la. Por e, i y - um N 118 (Robert D esnil o. )

Dated 1662.

m s t s . Only state. Fro the painting by Ju u

o m m n - o d From the Brentan , A broise Fir i Did t, an h Louis Galic on collections .

602 s 8 1664. Born 1 . Died at Pari , February ,

f -m s of Peer o France , Mars hal and Grand a ter the ’ i l His m s s o was s to Art l ery . ar hal bat n pre ented im u XIIIin 1639 o o s o of h by Lo i s , up n the cca i n the f breach in the defens es of the town o Hesdi n . He

m s of s was es was a great a ter artillery tactic , and teemed th e greatest general of his time in the con

duct of sieges .

- 0 Francois Nesmond. (Robert Dumesnil No. 2 2) 1663 Dated .

o s t of o s . Sec nd ta e , f ur s tate ’ From Nanteuil s own des ign from life . 2 4 Born in 16 5 . Died in 171 . Bishop of Bayeux 1661 Son of o s Thé odor Nesmon d ( Franc i e de ,

Pres identa o au m s os M rtier Parle ent de Pari , wh e

p ortrait was also engraved by Nanteuil .

39 olas t r d n n Nic Po ie e Novio , Premier Preside t

an Parlementde Paris. o - m s N 207 (R bert Du e nil o. ) 1664 Dated .

Second s tate . m N ui l’ Fro ante s own des ign . om o o of 1669 Fr the c llecti n Pierre Mariette , .

— 40 ean a tste olbert. o - m s i N 72 J B p i C (R bert Du e n l o. ) 1662 Dated . ” s s of . Rar Fir t tate three e.

om m - o ol Fr the Fir in Did t c lection . f i l m A ter the paint ng by Phi ippe de Cha paigne . o ms 29 61 s 1 9. B rn at Rhei , Augu t , Died at Paris, m 6 68 1 3. Septe ber , He entered the s ervice of i i in 1648 ose to be Card nal Mazar n , and r Intendant . o of d a in 1661 Up n the death the Car in l , Colbert was o Lo i s XIV ni s e of app inted by u Mi t r Finance , a os o u i p iti n which he held ntil h s death . As Colbert was thoroughly expert in all th e branches of th e 18 government and particularly in the department of s m m finance , he beca e a an absolutely neces s ary in o o of o s o i the c nditi n c nfu i n which Card nal Mazarin, e o s il mo mis Superint ndent F uquet , and, t l re , the fortunes of the time had plac ed the resources of

o s XIV s the country . L ui cau ed Colbert to work s ecretly with hi ms elf with a view of getting a clearer

of o i o of afiairs . o n idea the c nd ti n C lbert , in co o i T li s of e juncti n w th Le el er, then ecretary stat , ruined Fouquet ' but he was justified by the improvements which he made in the finances of the om m o o in 1664 kingd . He beca e C ntr ller General .

' s i of his ma o s F a h In p te ny err r , Colbert raised r nce to t e n omm o first rank amo g c ercial nati ns . He increas ed h er e be s s s s i s e ma c h e is w alth , ucce fully e tabl h d nufa tures, ra ed In 1 8 r W m th e credi t of th e nation. 67 Si illiam Te ple was m im s s th e and os i of F and uch pre ed by wealth pr per ty rance, H thi s was entirely due to Colbert. e may have seized every ni for so me o opportu ty per nal advance nt, but France pr fited H immensely from his admini stration. e was di stinctly a m for h e o i m i nd a th e s m s tates an, c nce ved a agn ficent a t a e time apracticable scheme for maki ng France th eleading power And h e was o mi among European nations . ab ve all ad rably m h to i s XIV . i hi s s e had a m c suited Lou L ke a ter, at hless for o nots o nin th esm es i s nor s in faculty w rk, c r g all t deta l , hr k

o th e st s i s . To h is ili r and ing fr m va e t undertak ng ab ty, ene gy, laborious nes s h e owed a positi on for whi ch h e was admirably T o o o i s was i for m itnot adapted . C lbert L u ndebted uch, all , of th e s uccess of h is enterpri ses during th e twenty-fiv e years ' ” succeeding Mazarin s death . — Louis X . 129 130 Arthur Has sall, IV, pp .

41 The Same.

th sm o s o t Second s tate , wi a all diag nal tr ke be ween o het the two dots following the cr c after the date.

' um n Hardouin dc Pércfixc dc Bea o t.

- m No 213 (Robert Du esnil . ) 665 Dated 1 .

Only state . ’ om From Nanteuil s own de sign fr life . ’ He was the son of the Maitre d H6tel of Cardinal ms h is s Richelieu . He distinguished hi elf in tudies

and was received as a Doctor of the Sorbonn e . Lo XIV Later he became preceptor to uis , being at s s o re that time bis hop of Rhode , which bi h pric he s his o o l not con s igned, ince in Opini n, he c u d in s cience perform hi s duties as preceptor and as m m om s l bishop at one and the s a e ti e . S e year ater o f s 1664 he was made archbish p o Pari , and in , at s the sugges tion of Pierre Annet, a Je uit, he entered into a theological controversy with the Religieuses of m m m of Port Royal. He was ade a e ber the Acad 1654 i s é mie Francai s e in and d ed at Pari , De His B iatah' e da Roi Henri IV was m r 31 1670. ce b e , highly esteemed and went through numerous edi s t Mazerai was tions . Some writers as er that the 19 tr t o of t s s o a Péré fixe m ue au h r hi hi t ry, and th t erely m appended his na e to it, but this accusation h as n ot been supported by any satisfactory proofs .

- 57 (RobertM ew'No. 1 ) 1666 Dated . ” T - a s f s e ee r e. Fir t state , o ev n states . r r

35 of o . (See note un der No. this catal gue ) Loui s was twenty -eight years of age when this

portrait was engraved .

- 226 (Robert Dumesnil No. ) 1668 Dated .

Firs t state of four . om ai Duchastel Fr the p nting by .

45 The Same.

lso s . Another impression . A in the fir t s tate

46 - l Jean Baptiste Co bert. o - m N 4 (R bert Du esnil o. 7 ) 668 Dated 1 . mm ” Ra ” — e. o Buste fortco e nature . r R bert

z Second s tate of s even s tate s . From the Frit

Rumpf collection .

40of t s o . (See note under No. hi catal gue )

47 Marie Jeanne Baptiste - N 169 Duchess e de Savoie. (Robert Dumesnil o. ) 16 Dated 78.

ndan Firs t s tate, before th e word s pe tla ' ” Ra - do son File. e. o m sn r R bert Du e il .

From the painting by Laurent duSour .