Linux for Oracle Specialists

Linux for Oracle specialists

Frits Hoogland

DBA Symposium 18 november 2008

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

WHO AM I?

. Frits Hoogland . Working with oracle software since 1996 . Blogging at http://frits.homelinux.com . Email: [email protected]

. Oracle DB, Application server(s), EBS . Tomcat, Jboss, Websphere . Postgresql, enterprise DB, MySQL . Apache . Technical (network) security

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

AGENDA

. Poll . History, redhat and oracle . Linux 32 and 64 bit . Access to linux systems . X . IO . Handy tools: logrotate . Handy tools: sar . Handy tools: sosreport . Handy tools: mii-tool/ethtool . Handy tools: iperf

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

POLL

. Anyone using linux for corporate systems with oracle? . Coming from: . Unix . Mainframe . Windows . Tidbits: . 32 bit . 64 bit . Version: . RHEL3 . RHEL4 . RHEL5

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

HISTORY, REDHAT AND ORACLE

. What is Linux?

. A unix like kernel

. Created and conceived in 1991 by a Finnish student called Linus Torvalds

. A kernel is not an complete operating system

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

HISTORY, REDHAT AND ORACLE

. Why Linux?

. A project to study the intel 80386 processor

. Close relationship with Minix (Tanenbaum et al)

. Restricted use of Minix source . Linux was depended upon Minux userspace

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

HISTORY, REDHAT AND ORACLE

. GNU

. Free software mass collaboration project . Richard Stallman . Januari 1984 . “GNU’s Not Unix” . GNU General Public License “GPL”

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

HISTORY, REDHAT AND ORACLE

• GNU software includes:

– bash – Autoconf – Binutils – Bison – Emacs – Gcc – Gnome – Libstdc++

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

HISTORY, REDHAT AND ORACLE

• Minix 16-bit design at that time – Linux specifically meant for 32 bit intel 80386 – Debate/critisism about kernel design

• Linux could benefit from GNU userspace tools

• GNU could benefit from Linux kernel

• Linux released under GPL in 1992 • version 0.12 – With GNU userland tools

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

HISTORY, REDHAT AND ORACLE

• GNU General Public License; GNU GPL; GPL

– Free software license – Copyleft license

– Free for anyone to use – Free for anyone to modify – Modifications need to be made publically available – GPL’ed source can not be made close source – Source needs to be available

This is my interpretation, I am not a lawyer!

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

HISTORY, REDHAT AND ORACLE

• Distribution / “Distro”

– Linux kernel – GNU tools – X window system – Distribution specific things • Startup scripts • Package manager – Much more…

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

HISTORY, REDHAT AND ORACLE

. Distributions

. Anyone is free to make a distribution…

. Commercial: RedHat, SUSE, Ubuntu, Mandriva . Community: Debian, Gentoo . Single person: Slackware

. Amongst the approx. ~ 345 distributions

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

HISTORY, REDHAT AND ORACLE

. Back to the Oracle connection…

. Supported Distro’s for Oracle products:

. RedHat enterprise Linux (RHEL) . SuSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES) . Asianux

. See metalink “certify” tab for specific details

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

HISTORY, REDHAT AND ORACLE

. The RHEL – OEL connection

. RHEL needs to make source available

. Source can be recompiled to make RHEL clone: . CentOS (most popular) – http:// www.centos.org . Whitebox enterprise Linux – http:// whiteboxlinux.org . StartCom Linux – http://www.startcom.org

. Oracle Enterprise Linux – http:// linux.oracle.com

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

HISTORY, REDHAT AND ORACLE

. The RHEL – OEL connection

. OEL is created from the source of RHEL

. Different artwork . Compatible at source and binary level . Different online repository (up2date) . Using oracle’s up2date repository with RHEL install! . Oracle patches

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

HISTORY, REDHAT AND ORACLE

• The RHEL – OEL connection

• Conclusion:

– RHEL and OEL are made to be fully compatible – New versions are made from RHEL source – Oracle can patch something, and donate it to linux community (for version 5): • Kernel: patch for bug with bonding ethernet devices • Kernel-utils: Updated firmware from Intel

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

LINUX 32 AND 64 BIT

. Linux 32 bit versus Linux 64 bit

. Processor address bus width . 32 bit linux can be installed on 64 bit processor . 64 bit linux can NOT be installed on 32 bit processor

. Why? Memory addressing!

. 2 ^ 32 = 4’294’967’296 = 4 GB . 2 ^ 64 = 18’446’744’073’709’551’616 = 16 EB

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

LINUX 32 AND 64 BIT

• RHEL4 / 32 bit kernel types:

– Standard/UP kernel: kernel-2.6.9-78.EL.i686.rpm • 3GB userspace, 1GB kernelspace • 4GB addressable

– SMP kernel: kernel-smp-2.6.9-78.EL.i686.rpm • 3GB userspace, 1GB kernelspace • 16GB addressable

– Hugemem kernel: kernel-hugemem-2.6.9-78.EL.i686.rpm • 4GB userspace, 4GB kernelspace * • 64GB addressable

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

LINUX 32 AND 64 BIT

. 16 GB ?!

. 64 GB ?!

. But that is physically impossible! (again: 2 ^ 32 = 4’294’967’296 = 4 GB)

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

LINUX 32 AND 64 BIT

• PAE – Physical Address Extension

• Processor option:

[root@test ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo … flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 constant_tsc monitor

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

LINUX 32 AND 64 BIT

. PAE increases the number of bits of the address bus to 36!

. 2 ^ 36 = 68’719’476’736 = 64 GB

. But it’s not that easy…

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

LINUX 32 AND 64 BIT

• Virtual addressing in userspace is not modified

– 32-bits addresses – 32-bits -> 4GB maximum!

• So all limits still apply

– Even with PAE

• Need special call to address memory using PAE

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

LINUX 32 AND 64 BIT

• PAE & Oracle database

– “VLM” / “Very Large Memory” – USE_INDIRECT_DATA_BUFFERS = true • Effectively places the buffercache in PAE memory – Usage of ramfs (or shmfs or tmpfs): /dev/shm – Following parameters are incompatible with VLM: • SGA_TARGET • DB_CACHE_SIZE (only DB_BLOCK_BUFFERS allowed) • DB_xK_CACHE_SIZE

• MEMORY_TARGETThis is essentially a 32 bit issue, same with other 32-bit OS’es

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

LINUX 32 AND 64 BIT

. PAE & Oracle database

. Only for putting buffercache beyond 4GB . All other structures remain in 32-bit addressable memory

. Which means 4GB* limit still applies to those

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

LINUX 32 AND 64 BIT

. RHEL5 / 32 bit kernel types:

. Standard kernel: kernel-2.6.18-92.el5.i686.rpm . 3GB userspace, 1GB kernelspace . 4GB addressable

. PAE kernel: kernel-PAE-2.6.18-92.el5.i686.rpm . 3GB userspace, 1GB kernelspace . 64GB addressable (16GB supported?)

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

LINUX 32 AND 64 BIT

• RHEL4 / 64 bits – Kernel-2.6.9-78.EL.x86_64.rpm • Standard kernel for UP systems – Kernel-smp-2.6.9-78.EL.x86_64.rpm • Kernel for systems with up to 8 CPU’s – Kernel-largesmp-2.6.9-78.EL.x86_64.rpm • Kernel for systems with up to 512 CPU’s

• RHEL5 / 64 bits – Kernel-2.6.18-92.el5.x86_64.rpm

• For version 4 and 5 kernel current limit is 256GB

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

LINUX 32 AND 64 BIT

. General recommendations:

. 32 bit hardware is deprecated . 64 bit hardware is not excessively more expensive . Use 64 bit O/S whenever possible

. Only use 32 bit O/S when no other options exist . It’s possible to use 32 bit software on 64 bit O/S!

. It is easy/likely to encounter memory scaling problems with 32-bit OS’es!!

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

ACCESS TO LINUX SYSTEMS

. Access & usage of linux(/unix) systems

. Common methods: (poll: who uses)

. Telnet . Rsh/Rlogin/R* . FTP . XDMCP . VNC (?) . Ssh

. Others?

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

ACCESS TO LINUX SYSTEMS

• Telnet

– Does NOT encrypt any data, including password – No authentication to detect MITM attacks – Most telnet daemons have vulnerabilities

– STRONGLY advised NOT to use it – I would call telnet usage blamable neglect

– Even persistent telnet users (networking equip.) have ssh/encrypted access nowadays.

d Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

ACCESS TO LINUX SYSTEMS

. Rsh / rlogin

. Does NOT encrypt any data, including password . No authentication to detect MITM attacks . Very weak authentication

. STRONGLY advised NOT to use it . I would call rsh/rlogin usage blamable neglect

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

ACCESS TO LINUX SYSTEMS

• FTP

– Does NOT encrypt any data, including password – No authentication to detect MITM attacks

– Still very popular and standard – Username/password easy sniff able

– Usage defendable if files to be transferred are non-sensitive and non-valueable.

d Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

ACCESS TO LINUX SYSTEMS

. XDMCP . X Display Manager Control Protocol . The client sends a broadcast on UDP/177 . Servers with XDMCP enabled send a ‘WILLING’ packet to sender . Not enabled in modern X implementations . Unencrypted . Not secure . DOS attacks using XDMCP possible

d Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

ACCESS TO LINUX SYSTEMS

. VNC

. Virtual Network Computing . Developed by the Olivetti and Oracle research lab . 1999: acquired by AT&T, 2002: closed

. The VNC protocol (RFB) is not a secure protocol . Passwords are not sent in plain text . Sensitive to brute-force attacks . Got known vulnerabilities

. Continued by realvnc, ultravnc, tightvnc, etc.

d Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

ACCESS TO LINUX SYSTEMS

– The default VNC server uses its own username/ password file. • Upon login in VNC, an already started and authenticated session is continued

– Known issues include: • Hard to start vnc servers at startup • Network sockets can get stuck during stop/start, resulting in non-usable ports • Single keystrokes resulting in repeating characters

– Not suitable as primary access method “(?)” – Advice: better (stable/secure/easy) solutions exist

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

ACCESS TO LINUX SYSTEMS

. SSH

. Secure SHell . most common implementation: openssh . Available on all popular linux and unix distributions . Available on windows with cygwin . The most popular implementation since 2005

. Has file transfer module (SFTP) . Can ‘tunnel’ X traffic through the session

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

ACCESS TO LINUX SYSTEMS

. SSH uses public-key cryptography to authenticate the remote computer and allow the remote computer to authenticate the user, if necessary.

. Other functionality include:

. Tunneling and forwarding (back or forth) of TCP ports . Backup, mirror or copy files secure using rsync

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

ACCESS TO LINUX SYSTEMS

. Conclusion

. Security/secure access is important today . Security will be more important in near future

. SSH is the only sensible method for remote usage of linux/unix servers . SSH provides both access and file transfer

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

ACCESS TO LINUX SYSTEMS

. Many SSH clients exist

. My favourite SSH client for windows is putty . http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/ ~sgtatham/putty/

. My favourite SFTP client for windows is winscp . http://winscp.net

. Both are free

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

ACCESS TO LINUX SYSTEMS

. Nomachine

. Open source version exists (freenx) but found I’ve too many bugs . No active processes when not used . Leverages openssh and openssh’s security . Suspendable sessions like VNC . If network/VPN drops, or need to continue at another place . Extremely fast, even over low bandwidth lines

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

ACCESS TO LINUX SYSTEMS

. Only uses 1 port; 22/tcp

. Yes, that’s sshd . Sshd activates the session

. Free commercial version limited to 2 users/ sessions

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

ACCESS TO LINUX SYSTEMS

D E M O

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

ACCESS TO LINUX SYSTEMS

. How does NoMachine work?

1. Ssh session is initiated

2. Logon using ssh certificate based authentication with nx user

3. Nxserver authenticates username and password with PAM

4. After authentication, a session is setup for username

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

• X

– Graphical environment for linux/unix – Needed for normal installation of oracle software

• Client/Server

– Client and server are reversed by X • The client starts a X server • Connection is made with the remote machine • The remote machine (the server ;-) is the client

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

• (microsoft) windows has no X server

– Traditionally, commercial/expensive X servers were used on windows: • Reflection X, Exceed amongst others

– Later, cygwin was used for X. • This required a significant installation of cygwin packages, but was free.

– Now, we have Xming • Free, lightweight X server for windows (6MB)

• http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=156984

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

. Use (xming) X from a windows system 1. The remote ssh daemon must allow X11Forwarding: /etc/ssh/sshd_config: X11Forwarding yes

2. Start Xming locally By default, Xming listens on localhost

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

3. Enable X11 forwarding:

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

4. And start your session:

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

. That’s all!

. No need to hassle with DISPLAY (!!)

. X is able to follow the session

. When another host is accessed using ssh

. Use ‘ssh –X’ . X11Forwarding

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

. X and su-ing to other users

. I remember having troubles with X and su

. DISPLAY lost . X authentication/cookies problems

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

1. Login on a box with X forwarding using putty:

login as: oracle oracle@centos4's password: Last login: Wed Oct 8 17:53:05 2008 [oracle@centos4 ~]$ echo $DISPLAY localhost:11.0 [oracle@centos4 ~]$ xclock X app works [oracle@centos4 ~]$

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

2. Now su to another user and start a X app again:

[oracle@centos4 ~]$ su – Password: [root@centos4 ~]# xclock

…..what happens?

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

WTF?! The xclock displays !!

• PAM – Plugable Authentication Modules – /etc/pam.d/su: … session optional /lib/security/$ISA/ pam_xauth.so

• Works only for sessions with X tunneling using ssh daemon, not on console • Tested with CentOS 4&5

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

. IO

. Input and Output to devices . IO referred commonly to IO of blockdevices

. Normal / synchronous IO

. pread64() / pwrite64() calls on linux . System call lasts entire read or write . This is done on oracle linux by default

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

. Asynchronous IO

. io_submit() / io_getevents() calls on linux . IO is submitted, process can continue

. filesystemio_options ‘setall’ or ‘asynch’ . Default ‘none’

. Not beneficial for reading . Not used for reading, at least on linux

. Can be beneficial for writing

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

pwrite64()

Synchronous write wait Session continues

IO call

io_submit() io_getevents() Asynchronous write Session continues

IO call

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

io_submit()io_submit() io_getevents() Asynchronous write

IO call

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

. Demo!

. Database with filesystemio_options = none

. Database with filesystemio_options = asynch

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

. AIO . Two proc entries for rhel4 & 5

. /proc/sys/fs/aio-max-nr

. System wide maximum number of aio contexts . /proc/sys/fs/aio-nr

. Current number of used aio contexts

. aio-nr = aio-max-nr

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

. Direct IO

. Optional flag (O_DIRECT) for opening file or device . Causes blocks NOT to be buffered at O/S layer . DIO has to be enabled explicitly on all platforms . Except windows . The symptom when O/S is caching and the database is called ‘double buffering’

. Double buffering not always a bad thing!

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

. DIO is enabled for oracle when

. filesystemio_options = setall or direct

. Detectable when stracing the startup of the database

. DEMO

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

. noatime

. Mountoption for most filesystems . Means an entire filesystem is affected . Noatime = Access Time in Inode is not updated . An inode keeps 3 times: ctime, mtime and atime

. This means every time an IO is done to a file, an extra IO is done to update the atime in the inode . noatime prevents update of atime

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

. Example entry:

[root@centos4 ~]# cat /etc/fstab … /dev/sdc1 /oracle ext3 noatime 0 0 …

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

HANDY TOOLS: LOGROTATE

. Logrotate

. Fully automated (log) files cleaner . Simple way of cleaning, without scripts . Available for any linux/unix platform

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

HANDY TOOLS: LOGROTATE

. Layout of an logrotate entry in /etc/logrotate.d:

[root@test ~]# cat /etc/logrotate.d/sample /path/to/logfile /path/to/logfile { options }

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

HANDY TOOLS: LOGROTATE

• Example of logrotation for default apache:

[root@test ~]# cat /etc/logrotate.d/httpd /var/log/httpd/*log { missingok notifempty sharedscripts postrotate /sbin/service httpd reload > /dev/null 2> /dev/null || true endscript }

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

HANDY TOOLS: LOGROTATE

. Example of logrotation for oracle database:

[root@test ~]# cat /etc/logrotate.d/oracle_database /oracle/db/*/adump/*aud /oracle/db/*/bdump/*trc /oracle/db/*/cdump/ core_* /oracle/db/*/udump/*trc { daily compress # compress after a day rotate 7 # remove after week missingok }

(continued next slide)

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

HANDY TOOLS: LOGROTATE

/oracle/db/*/bdump/alert*log { copytruncate daily compress # compress after a day rotate 7 # remove after week missingok }

(alert log file requires special handling …..continued next slide)

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

HANDY TOOLS: LOGROTATE

/oracle/db/*/network/log/*log { copytruncate daily compress # compress after a day rotate 7 # remove after week missingok }

(listener log file requires special handling too …..continued next slide)

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

HANDY TOOLS: LOGROTATE

/oracle/db/*/network/trace/*trc { daily compress # compress after a day rotate 7 # remove after week missingok }

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

HANDY TOOLS: SAR

. Sar (System Activity Reporter)

. Collect, report or save system activity information

. IO, Paging, Device activity, CPU activity, Runqueue, Process list, memory and swap, kernel tables, context switches, swapping, etc.

. Very handy information for troubleshooting . Especially historically!

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

HANDY TOOLS: SAR

. Sar is not installed by default

. Sar is installed by the ‘sysstat’ rpm . The sysstat rpm is an oracle dependency

. So it should be installed on a linux server with oracle products

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

HANDY TOOLS: SAR

. Historical sar data:

. Available in /var/log/sa . Number of days available depended on:

[root@test ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/sysstat # How log to keep log files (days), maximum is a month HISTORY=7

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

HANDY TOOLS: SAR

. Getting historical sar data

[root@test ~]# cd /var/log/sa [root@test ~]# ls sa20 sa21 sa24 sa25 sa26 sar20 sar25 sar26 [root@test ~]# sar –q –f sa25 –s 10:00:00 –e 11:00:00

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

HANDY TOOLS: SAR

Linux 2.6.18-92.1.10.el5 (test) 08/25/2008

10:00:01 AM runq-sz plist-sz ldavg-1 ldavg-5 10:10:01 AM 1 121 0.31 0.08 10:20:01AM 1 121 0.00 0.00 10:30:01AM 1 121 0.02 0.01 10:40:01AM 0 121 0.00 0.00 Average: 1 121 0.04 0.03 [root@test ~]#

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

HANDY TOOLS: SOSREPORT

. Sosreport

. Gather tool for redhat linux system information:

. Settings . Logs . Hardware info . Disk/partitioning/space info . /proc/ . Etc… (much more!)

. Very useful for remote linux troubleshooting

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

HANDY TOOLS: MII-TOOL/ETHTOOL

. Both tools to display physical network card settings

[root@test ~]# mii-tool eth0 eth0: negotiated 100baseTx-FD, link ok

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

HANDY TOOLS: MII-TOOL/ETHTOOL

[root@test ~]# ethtool eth0 Settings for eth0 Supported ports: [ TP MII ] Supported link modes 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full 100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full Supports auto-negotiation: Yes Advertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full 100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes

(continued next slide)

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

HANDY TOOLS: MII-TOOL/ETHTOOL

Speed: 100Mb/s Duplex: Full Port: MII PHYAD: 0 Transceiver: internal Auto-negotiation: on Current message level: 0x00000007 (7) Link detected: yes

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

HANDY TOOLS: IPERF

. Iperf

. Available in EPEL repository . http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/epel/5/i386/epel-release-5-3.noarch.rpm . This add’s the EPEL repository

. iperf executable both client and server

. iperf –s . iperf –c

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

HANDY TOOLS: IPERF

[root@test ~]# iperf –s ------Server listening on TCP port 5001 TCP windows size: 85.3 Kbyte (default ------

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

HANDY TOOLS: IPERF

[root@test ~]# iperf –m –c localhost ------Client connecting to localhost, TCP port 5001 TCP window size: 49.2 Kbyte (default) ------[ 3] local 127.0.0.1 port 44316 connected with 127.0.0.1 port 5001 [ 3] 0.0-10.0 sec 3.92 Gbytes 3.36 Gbits/sec [ 3] MSS size 16384 bytes (MTU 16424 bytes, unknown interface)

Friday, June 22, 12 LINUX FOR ORACLE SPECIALISTS – FRITS HOOGLAND

HANDY TOOLS: IPERF

. Very useful for:

. Detecting real network bandwidth

. Investigating real MTU size

Friday, June 22, 12