COVID-19 VACCINATION: Frequently asked questions

With ’s COVID-19 vaccination program now underway, we know you probably have many questions about the vaccines and your cancer treatment. Below is a list of frequently asked questions and answers.

1. What vaccines are available for with cancer that the level of response or COVID-19 in Australia? protection to vaccination may be lower There are three vaccines that have been compared to people without cancer. So steps secured by Australia. Two have been that you have taken to reduce your risk of approved by the Therapeutic Goods infection, such as physical distancing, hand Administration (TGA). hygiene and use of masks, remain important even after vaccination.  Pfizer (USA) / BioNTech (Germany)

vaccine – often referred to as the Pfizer vaccine – requires two doses, 3. Are the vaccines safe for patients three weeks apart. with cancer?  Oxford University (UK) / AstraZeneca Both of the available COVID-19 vaccines – (UK/Sweden) vaccine – often referred Pfizer and AstraZeneca – are safe and to as the AstraZeneca vaccine – recommended for all Australian adults, requires two doses, 12 weeks apart. including patients with cancer and those in The third vaccine, Novavax (USA) – often remission. referred to as the Novavax vaccine, is still being studied and has not yet been TGA- Both have passed Australia’s Therapeutic approved for use in Australia. Goods Administration’s rigorous assessment The vaccines will train our immune system to and approval processes that assess vaccine recognise the COVID-19 virus and fight it safety, quality and effectiveness. more quickly and effectively if you encounter this virus in the future. They do not contain the live virus that causes COVID-19 and therefore there is no risk of 2. Are they effective in patients with catching the infection from the vaccines. cancer? The COVID-19 vaccines have not been studied 4. How were the vaccines developed specifically in patients with cancer. How your and approved so quickly? immune system responds may be influenced Although some of the technology (e.g. mRNA by your own general health and your cancer vaccines) is new to COVID-19, researchers treatment. have been developing and testing this technology for other infections for several

We also know from studies of other vaccines years. All necessary stages in vaccine

(such as the influenza vaccine) in patients development and testing were carried out

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thoroughly as for any human vaccine, and independent national authorities only Your doctor will be able to discuss timing of approved the vaccines when they were vaccination with you, as it would be satisfied that the vaccines were safe and preferable to avoid vaccination during an effective. COVID-19 vaccine trials recruited active cycle of therapy. This is to avoid people faster than previous vaccines because confusion around possible side effects of each more people were willing to participate, and treatment. When possible, we would try to with more virus infections around to see if time vaccination during an ‘off’ week during the vaccine was working, the trials reached the cycle. their testing target rapidly. No shortcuts have been taken. We also recommend the vaccination for The Department of Health website provides patients who have had an autologous or details on how the COVID 19 vaccines were allogenic stem cell transplant. For the best developed and approved. response, we recommend these patients have the vaccination at least three months after 5. Should patients with cancer have their transplant. these vaccines? Some types of cancer and their treatment 7. What are the side effects? increase the risk of catching COVID-19 and of Common side effects from the vaccine have a poorer outcome from the infection. typically been mild and short-lived – like pain Vaccination against COVID-19 is therefore or redness at the injection site. Up to half of highly recommended, as long as the person all vaccinated people will experience more does not have a serious allergy to general side effects such as tiredness, components of the COVID-19 vaccine. headache and muscle aches and pain and fever. Patients with cancer have been vaccinated in other countries, including the United States, A small number of people may develop fever. and Israel, and there have You should seek medical advice if, for been no reports of safety issues or concerns. example, you develop a fever, accompanied by shivering and sweating. 6. Will they interfere with cancer treatments? 8. Can I get the influenza and the Based on how the vaccines work, we do not COVID-19 vaccine? anticipate that the vaccines will reduce the An annual influenza vaccination is generally effectiveness of cancer treatments. Patients recommended. Your doctor can advise on on immunotherapy should be monitored by timing, as the current recommended gap their treating team for any unexpectedly between a dose of seasonal influenza vaccine stronger response to the vaccine or their and a dose of the COVID-19 vaccine is at least cancer treatment. 14 days.

Patients on cancer treatment have been

vaccinated in other countries and there have

been no reports of unexpected side effects.

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9. If I have had a severe reaction to 11. Where can I find more vaccinations before, what should I information? do?  Visit the Australian Department of Health You should discuss with your doctor or COVID-19 vaccine webpage specialist the type of reaction you had to the  View the Vaccine Education Centre’s Frequently Asked Questions on particular vaccine. You can be referred to COVID-19 vaccines specialised vaccination clinics for further  View the National Centre for assessment and if suitable, for vaccination Immunisation Research and under close supervision. Surveillance Frequently Asked Questions on COVID-19 vaccines 10. How or when can I receive these  You can also call the National vaccines? Coronavirus Helpline on 1800 020 080, and ask for an interpreter if needed.

COVID-19 vaccines will be free in Australia.  Contact Cancer Council ’s cancer nurses on 13 11 20, who can provide Generally, patients with cancer are in Phase information and support services to 1b of the Australian Government vaccination anyone affected by cancer - whether it's program. Patients should refer to the current patients, carers, family, friends, COVID-19 roll out strategy for information on workplaces or health professionals. when and where they will receive the vaccine. The nurses are available from 9am to 5pm, Monday to Friday. If you need a translator to use this service, call

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How to contact us

If you have further questions or concerns about COVID-19 vaccination and are on active treatment, you can contact your Peter Mac Patient Navigator Monday to Friday, 8.00am – 4.30pm

To contact Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre’s main reception, call (03) 8559 5000

In the event of an emergency, please dial 000 for an ambulance or go to your nearest hospital emergency department.

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