ABSTRACT Traditionally Electrical Appliances in A

ABSTRACT

Traditionally electrical appliances in a home are controlled via switches that regulate the electricity to these devices. As the world gets more and more technologically advanced, we find new technology coming in deeper and deeper into our personal lives even at home. Electrical appliancesare becoming more and more popular around the world and are becoming a common practice. The process of electronic lock works by making everything in the bicycle automatically controlled using technology to control and do the jobs that we would secure our bicycles. This project we propose a unique System for BICYCES LOCK. These locks get sounded and make the owner of the bicycle alert and protect our bicycle. It can also be used to protect two wheelers,

INDEX

SR. NO. CHAPTER NAME PAGE NO.

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Overview

1.2 Benefit

1.3 Future Scope

1.4 Advantage, Disadvantage, Application

2 Literature Review 3

1.1 Ground Theory 4

3 Project Analysis 5

3.1 Block Diagram 6

3.2 Circuit Diagram 7

3.3 Components Used 8-18

4 Problem Statement & Methodology 19

4.1 Software Required 20-23

4 4.2 Hardware Required 24-25

5 Result 26-27

6 Conclusion 28

7 Bibliography 29

FIGURE CONTENT

SR.NO. NAME OF FIGURE PAGE NO. 1. Electronic lock 4 2. Block diagram for electronic lock 5 3. Circuit diagram for electronic lock 8 4. Symbol and Characteristics for zener diode 9

5. Symbol for LED 10 6. Block diagram for UM3561 11 7. Pin diagram for UM3561 12

8. Transistor BD679 13

9. Circuit diagram for BD679 14 10. Battery 15 11. Capacitor 16

12. Resistor 17 13. Speaker 18

14. Schematic on proteus 19 15. Library in schematic 20

16. Components placed or connection on schematic 20

17. Saving the schematic 21

18. Layout 21

19. Complete layout for circuit 22

Introduction

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 OVERVIEW

A bicycle lock is a security device used to deter bicycle theft, generally by fastening the bicycle to a fixed object, e.g., a bike rack. An inherent challenge to bicycle theft prevention is wheels and seats with a quick-release lever, making them detachable from the frame. Unless both wheels and frame are secured, wheels can be removed separately. An optimal locking method will secure the frame as well as both wheels-either to a fixed object or to each other. An optimal locking method will secure the frame as well as both wheels-either to a fixed object or to each other. Locking devices vary in size and security; the An optimal locking method will secure the frame as well as both wheels-either to a fixed object or to each other. Locking devices vary in size and security; the most secure tending to be the largest, heaviest and least portable. Lesser equipment is used to deter attempts by less skilled and determined thieves. Thus like other security equipment, bicycle lock must compromise between security, portability and cost. Some are made of particularly expensive material chosen for their acceptable strength and their low 1.2 BENEFITS The bicycle lock describe here is a worthwhile alternative for bicycle owners who want to secure their bicycle and protect them from thieves the bicycle is the best option to use. The electronic bicycle lock also can be used for building security, home security. These also can be used for security of bike. The owner becomes alert as the lock gets sounded. As it is highly sensitive it also has the low cost, It has very simple and reliable circuit also it used to every movable assets1.3 1.3 FUTURE SCOPE

The electronic bicycle lock plays an important role in day to day life. It is the complete requirement security system for bicycles and bikes. Any change in the implementation of circuit it is advancement of bicycle lock. It can be used as a Fingerprint Biometric Bike Lock which is advanced. The electronic bicycle lock should be a water resistance which is perfect for bicycles, sheds, trailers, garges, or anywhere else you would typically use a cable lock. This electroniclock allows controlled

Introduction

ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES& APPLICATIONS

1.4 ADVANTAGES  Highly Sensitive  Low Cost.  Simple and reliable circuit

1.5 DISADVANTAGES  Laws are very regarding to use for bicycle lock. They aren’t always allowed in every country, city or state and may have different licence requirements depending on where you are. 1.6 APPLICATIONS  Movable Assets  Bicycles  Two wheelers

Literature Review

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

As we know bicycle is most important vehicle for us. Bicycle is used in our day to day life. In 15 years ago we used simple lock for bicycle. These locks are not perfect to lock the bicycle. Most of the bicycles are stolen by the thieves. So that security becomes most important thing for bicycle. Today we implement the lock and become more advantageous. We implement electronic bicycle lock using electronic concept. .This lock has wire loop. After breaking these loop locks get sounded so that owner of bicycle becomes alert and give the attention to the lock. .Today electronic lock also becomes more advantageous. It can be used to save the wheels, handles, seats etc. So that this lock is more preferred. An optimal locking method will secure the frame as well as both wheels-either to a fixed object or to each other.

An optimal locking method will secure the frame as well as both wheels-either to a fixed object or to each other. Locking devices vary in size and security; the An optimal locking method will secure the frame as well as both wheels-either to a fixed object or to each other. Locking devices vary in size and security; the most secure tending to be the largest, heaviest and least portable. Lesser equipment is used to deter attempts by less skilled and determined thieves.

Thus like other security equipment, bicycle lock must compromise between security, portability and cost. Some are made of particularly expensive material chosen for their acceptable strength and their low

Literature Review

2.1. Background Theory

Figure1: Electronic Lock

An electronic lock is a locking device which operates by means of electric current. Electric locks are sometimes stand-alone with an electronic control assembly mounted directly to the lock. More often electric locks are connected to an access control system. The advantage of an electric locks connected to an access control system include: key control, where keys can be added and removed without rekeying the lock cylinder; fine access control, where time and place are factor; and transaction logging, where activity is recorded.

Electric locks use magnets, solenoids, or motors to actuate the lock by either supplying or removing power. Operating the lock can be as simple as using a switch, for example an apartment intercom door release, or as complex as a biometric based access control Types of electric lock

Project Analysis

CHAPTER 3: PROJECT ANALYSIS

Figure1: Block diagram for electronic bicycle lock

Project Analysis

3.1 CIRCUIT DISCRIPTION

Figure3: Circuit diagram for electronic bicycle lock

Lock describe here is a worthwhile alternative for bicycle owners who want to secure their The bicycle bicycle and protect them from thieves the bicycle is the best option to use. The electronic bicycle lock also can be used for building security, home security. These also can be used for security of bike. The owner becomes alert as the locks get sounded. As it is highly sensitive it also has the low cost, it has very simple and reliable circuit also it used to every movable assets.  WORKING In the circuit, two standard RCA sockets are used as input jacks. A home-made security loop can be used to link these two input points. Around 50cm long. Standard 14/36 flexible wire with one RCA plug per end is enough for the security loop. It is powered by a 9V battery (6F22). Key locks switch S1and smoothing capacitor C2 are used for connecting the power supply. A connected loop cannot activate IC1 and therefore the speaker does not sound. When the loop is broken, Zener diode ZD1 (3.1V) receives power supply to enable tone generator UM3561. This tone generator remains enabled until power to the circuit is turned off using switch or the loop is re –plugged through J1.

Project Analysis

Assemble the circuit on a general purpose PCB and house in small tinplate enclosure. Fit She system key lock switch (S1) on the front side of enclosure as shown in circuit . Place RCA socket (J1and J2) at appropriate positions. The finished unit can be mounted in place of existing lock by using suitable clamps and screws.

Project Analysis

3.2. COMPONENTS USED

List of the components used:

SR.NO COMPONENT NAME SPECIFICATION QUANT ITY 1. Ic UM3561 -0.3V to +5.0V 1 2. Transistor 1 BD679 104Ma,80V 1 3 Zener Diode 3.1V, 0.5W 1 4 Speaker 8ohm, 0.5W 1 5 LED 1 6 Capacitor 2 C1 100u,10V 1 C2 470u,25V 1 7 Resistors 3 R1 1K 1 R2 2.2K 1 . R3 270K 1 R4 470K 1 8 Switch 1 9 Battery 9V 1

Table 1: List of Components

Project Analysis

3.2.1 ZENER DIODE

Figure 4: Symbol and characteristics of Zener diode

A Zener diode is a diode which allows current to flow in the forward direction in the same manner as an ideal diode, but also permits it to flow in the reverse direction when the voltage is above a certain value known as the breakdown voltage, "Zener knee voltage", "Zener voltage", "avalanche point", or "peak inverse voltage".

The device was named after Clarence Zener, who discovered this electrical property. Strictly speaking, a Zener diode is one in which the reverse breakdown is due to electron quantum tunneling under high electric field strength—the Zener effect. However, many diodes described as "Zener" diodes rely instead on avalanche breakdown as the mechanism. Both types are used with the Zener effect predominating under 5.6 V and avalanche breakdown above. Common applications include providing a reference voltage for voltage regulators, or to protect other semiconductor devices from momentary voltage pulses. A conventional solid-state diode allows significant current if it is reverse-biased above its reverse breakdown voltage. When the reverse bias breakdown voltage is exceeded, a conventional diode is subject to high current due to avalanche breakdown. Unless this current is limited by circuitry, the diode may be permanently damaged due to overheating

Project Analysis

3.2.2 LED

Figure.5: Symbol for LED

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-lead semiconductor light source. It is a pn- junction diode, which emits light when activated. When a suitable voltage is applied to the leads, electrons are able to recombine with electron hole s within the device, releasing energy in the form of photons. This effect is called electroluminescence, and the color of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photon) is determined by the energy band gap of the semiconductor. An LED is often small in area (less than 1 mm2) and integrated optical components may be used to shape its radiation pattern.

Appearing as practical electronic components in 1962, the earliest LEDs emitted low- intensity infrared light. Infrared LEDs are still frequently used as transmitting elements in remote-control circuits, such as those in remote controls for a wide variety of consumer electronics. The first visible-light LEDs were also of low intensity, and limited to red. Modern LEDs are available across the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared wavelengths, with very high brightness. Early LEDs were often used as indicator lamps for electronic devices, replacing small incandescent bulbs. task lighting. LEDs have many advantages over incandescent light sources.

Project Analysis

3.2.3 IC3561 UM3561 is a low-cost, low-power CMOS LSI designed for use in alarm and toy applications. Since the integrated circuit includes oscillator and selector circuits, a compact sound module can be constructed with only a few additional components. The M3561 contains a programmed mask ROM to simulatesiren sound.UM3561 is an excellent ROM IC that can generate Multi siren tones simulating Police siren, Ambulance siren, Fire brigade siren and Machine gun sound. This 8 pin low power IC can work down to 2.4 volts. The UM 3561 is a low cost siren generator designed for use in toy applications. The IC has an inbuilt oscillator and tone selection pins. It is easy to make a siren generator with only a few external components. Only one external resistor and a speaker driver transistor are sufficient to make a simple siren generator. Inside the UM3561: Inside the IC, there is an oscillator circuit and the frequency of oscillations is controlled by the external resistor connected to OSC 1(Pin 7) and OSC2 (Pin 8). A 220 K resistor will give satisfactory results. The oscillations thus generated will be then transferred to a control circuit which function based on the tone selection through the connections of SEL 1 (Pin 6) and SEL2 (Pin 1) . The control circuit passes the signal to an address counter and then to the ROM. The tone pulses thus generated will be available from the output pin 3. Sound weak, an amplifier is necessary to get loud sound. A single NPN transistor will amplify the sound.

Project Analysis

Figure7: Pin configuration for IcUM3561

1. Absolute Maximum Ratings DC Supply Voltage ...... -0.3V to +5.0V Input Voltage Range ...... Vss-0.3V to Vdd+0.3V Operating Ambient Temperature ...... -10C to +60C Storage Temperature ...... -55C to +125C 2. Features Four sounds can be selected Power on reset. Typical 3V operating voltage A magnetic speaker can be driven by connecting 8-pin DIP package form an NPN transistor

Project Analysis

3.2.4 TRANSISTOR BD679

Figure8: Transistors BD 679

Darlington transistor opened up so the actual transistor chip (the small square) can be seen inside. A Darlington transistor is effectively two transistors on the same chip. One transistor is much larger than the other, but both are large in comparison to transistors in integration because this particular example is intended for power applications.

The transistor is the key active component in practically all modern electronics. Many consider it to be one of the greatest inventions of the 20th century.[27] Its importance in today's society rests on its ability to be mass-produced using a highly automated process (semiconductor device fabrication) that achieves astonishingly low per-transistor costs. The invention of the first transistor at Bell Labs was named an IEEE Milestone in 2009.Although several companies each produce over a billion individually packaged (known as discrete) transistors every year, the vast majority of transistors are now produced in integrated circuits (often shortened to IC, microchips ), along with diodes, resistors, capacitors and other electronic components, to produce complete electronic circuits. A logic gate consists of up to about twenty transistors whereas an advanced microprocessor, as of 2009, can use as many as 3 billion transistors

Project Analysis

The transistor's low cost, flexibility, and reliability have made it a ubiquitous device. Transistorized mechatronic circuits have replaced electromechanical devices in controlling appliances and machinery. Providing sufficient base drive current is a key problem in the use of bipolar transistors as switches. The transistor provides current gain, allowing a relatively large current in the collector to be switched by a much smaller current into the base terminal. The ratio of these currents varies depending on the type of transistor, and even for a particular type, varies depending on the collector current. In the example light-switch circuit shown, the resistor is chosen to provide enough base current to ensure the transistor will be saturated. In any switching circuit, values of input voltage would be chosen such that the output is either completely off,[33] or completely on.

The transistor is acting as a switch, and this type of operation is common in digitalcircuits where only "on" and "off" values are relevant.

Example: a PN2222A is a2N2222A in a plastic case (but a PN108 is a plastic version of a BC108, not a 2N108, while the PN100 is unrelated to other xx100 devices).

Project Analysis

3.2.5 BATTERY

Figure.10: symbol of battery

An electric battery is a device consisting of one or more electrochemical cells that convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy. Each cell contains a positive terminal, or cathode, and a negative terminal, or anode. Electrolytes allow ions to move between the electrodes and terminals, which allows current to flow out of the battery to perform work.Primary (single-use or "disposable") batteries are used once and discarded; the electrode materials are irreversibly changed during discharge. Common examples are the alkaline battery used for flashlights and a multitude of portable devices. Secondary(rechargeable batteries) can be discharged and recharged multiple times; the original composition of the electrodes can be restored by reverse current. Examples include the lead-acid batteries used in vehicles and lithium ion batteries used for portable electronics.

Batteries come in many shapes and sizes, from miniature cells used to power hearing aids and wristwatches to battery banks the size of rooms that provide standby power.

Project Analysis

3.2.6 CAPACITOR

Figure.11: Symbol of Electrolytic Capacitor

A capacitor is a passive electrical component that can store energy in the electric field between a pair of conductors. The process of storing energy in the capacitor is known as "charging", and involves electric charges of equal magnitude, but opposite polarity, building up on each plate. A capacitor's ability to store charge is measured by its capacitance, in units of farads. Capacitors are often used in electric and electronic circuits as energy-storage devices. They can also be used to differentiate between high-frequency and low-frequency signals. The capacitor is used in almost every electronic circuit. It is a very important component and it does many different things, depending on where it is placed .

A capacitor is basically a device that stores a charge of electricity. It has two or more plates that are separated by air or a non-conducting medium such as plastic .Capacitors do lots of things and it depends where they are positioned in a circuit, the value of the surrounding components and the value of the capacitor. Types of Capacitor

Project Analysis

3.2.7 RESISTOR

Figure12-Carbon composition resistor 1-Resistor What is a Resistor? An electric resistor is a two-terminal passive component specifically used to oppose and limit current. A resistor works on the principle of Ohm’s Law which states that voltage across the terminals of a resistor is directly proportional to the current flowing through it. Ohm’s Law: V = IR where V is the voltage applied across resistor, I is the current flowing through it, and R is the constant called resistance.The unit of resistance is ohms. Types of Resistors: Resistors can be broadly classified based on the following criteria: the type of material used the power rating and resistance value. 1. Fixed resistors. In some scenarios, an electrical circuit may need a lesser amount of current to flow through it than the input value. Fixed resistors are used in these situations to limit the flow of current. 2. Carbon Composition Resistors: These resistors are cylindrical rods which are a mixture of carbon granules and powdered ceramic. The resistor value depends on the composition of the ceramic material. A higher quantity of ceramic content will result in more resistance. Since the rod is coated with an

Project Analysis

3.2.8 SPEAKER

Figure13: Speaker

Speakers are one of the most common output device used with electronic circuit and computers system. Some speaker are designed to work specifically with electronic circuits. The purpose of speaker is to produce audio output that can be heard by listener. The sound produced by speakers is defined by the frequency and amplitude.

The frequency determines how high or low sound pitch is. various speaker has various current and voltage ratings. In electronic bicycle lock it is 8ohm or 0.5W. It has two terminals for positive wire and negative wire. It takes the amplified tone from transistor and get sounded.

3.2.9 SWITCH

In electronics, an electronic switch is an electronic component or device that can switch an electrical circuit, interrupting the current or diverting it from one conductor to another. Typically, Electronic switches are electronic used solid state devices such as transistor, though vacuum tubes can be used as well in high voltage applications.

Methodology

CHAPTER 4: METHODOLOGY

4.1. SOFTWARE REQUIRED

ABOUT PROTEUS SOFTWARE Proteus was initially created as a multiplatform system utility, to manipulate text and binary files and to create CGI scripts. The language was later focused on Windows, by adding hundreds of specialized functions for: network and serial communication, database interrogation, system service creation, console applications, keyboard emulation. Most of these additional functions are only available in the Windows flavor of the interpreter, even though a Linux version is still available.Proteus was designed to be practical, readable and consistent. Proteus Schematic Proteus Schematic is used for drawing the schematic of the project by selecting components from the library. The various steps followed for drawing it are given below- 1-Open the Proteus Software in Schematic form. 2-Select the new project->open blank project 3. Figure shows schematic on proteus.

Methodology

3-Select the components required from the library by their name and the type from project.

4-Place all the components at the appropriate part with the help of circuit diagram

.5-Make all the connection properly

6. Save the schematic in the file then debug it and run it.

Methodology

Now to draw the circuits with actual hardware select the Layout version. Then follow the following steps-

1-When the layout is opened all the components are already available in it. If any component missing in the library then a cross mark will be available along with it Now to draw the circuit

Methodology

4.2. HARDWARE REQUIRED

The hardware required is nothing but the components and PCB to make the layout of the circuitry. The different methods are used for making the PCB: Printed circuit board art work generation was initially a fully manual process done on clear Mylar sheets, usually at a scale of 2 or 4 times the true size. The schematic diagram was first converted into a layout of components pin pads, then traces were routed to provide the required interconnections. Rub-on dry transfers of common component footprints increased efficiency. Traces between devices were made with self-adhesive tape. Pre-printed non-reproducing Mylar grids assisted in layout. The finished artwork was then photographically reproduced on resist coated on the blank copper-clad boards

1. Schematic capture through an electronic design automation tool.

2. Card dimensions and template are decided based on required circuitry and case of the PCB. The fixed components and heat sinks are determined.

3. Layer stack of the PCB is decided, with one to tens of layers depending on complexity

4. Line impedance is determined using dielectric layer thickness, routing copper thickness and trace-width signal.

5. Components are placed. Thermal considerations and geometry are taken into account. Vias and lands are marked.

6. Signal traces are routed. Electronic design automation tools usually create clearances and connections in power and ground planes automatically.

The procedure is as follows:.

 Etching  Drilling  Soldering  Component Mounting



Methodology

 ETCHING

Chemical etching is usually done with ammonium per sulfate or ferric chloride. then copper is electroplated to build up the thickness, the boards are screened, and plated with tin/lead. The simplest method, used for small-scale production and often by hobbyists, is immersion etching, in which the board is submerged in etching solution such as ferric chloride. Compared with methods used for mass production, the etching time is long. Heat and agitation can be applied to the bath to speed the etching rate As more copper is consumed from the boards, the etchant becomes saturated and less effective; In commercial use, etchants can be regenerated to restore their activity, and the dissolved copper recovered and sold. Small-scale etching requires attention to disposal of used etchant, which is corrosive and toxic due to its metal content. The etchant removes copper on all surfaces exposed by the resist. "Undercut" occurs when etchant attacks the thin edge of copper under the resist; this can reduce conductor widths and cause open-circuits. Careful control of etch time is required to prevent undercut. Where metallic plating is used as a resist, it can "overhang" which can cause short-circuits between adjacent traces when closely spaced. Overhang can be removed by wire-brushing the board after etching.

 DRILLING

Holes through a PCB are typically drilled with small-diameter drill bits made of solid coated tungsten carbide.. Drill bits must also remain sharp so as not to mar or tear the traces. Drilling with high-speed-steel is simply not feasible since the drill bits will dull quickly and thus tear the copper and ruin the boards. The drill file describes the location and size of each drilled hole

Holes may be made conductive, by electroplating or inserting metal eyelets (hollow), to electrically and thermally connect board layers. Some conductive holes are intended for the insertion of through-hole-component leads. Others, typically smaller and used to connect board layers, are called vias.

When very small vias are required, drilling with mechanical bits is costly because of high rates of wear and breakage. In this case, the vias may be laser drilled—evaporated bylasers. Laser-

Methodology

 SOLDERING

In soldering we put the components inside the holes. To solder of the circuit board we required soldering gun. This soldering gun put for five minutes to makes the hot. After heating tip of the soldering gun put it on components legs to connect with circuit board. This process called as soldering.

 PROTECTION AND PACKAGING

PCBs intended for extreme environments often have a conformal coating, which is applied by dipping or spraying after the components have been soldered. The coat prevents corrosion and leakage currents or shorting due to condensation. The earliest conformal coats were wax; modern conformal coats are usually dips of dilute solutions of silicone rubber, polyurethane, acrylic, or epoxy. Another technique for applying a conformal coating is for plastic to be sputtered onto the PCB in a vacuum chamber. The chief disadvantage of conformal coatings is that servicing of the board is rendered extremely difficult

Many assembled PCBs are static sensitive, and therefore must be placed in antistatic bags during transport. When handling these boards, the user must be grounded (earthed). Improper handling techniques might transmit an accumulated static charge through the board, damaging or destroying components. Even bare boards are sometimes static sensitive. Traces have become so fine that it's quite possible to blow an etch off the board (or change its characteristics) with a static charge. This is especially true on non-traditional PCBs such as MCMs and microwave PCBs.

Result

CHAPTER 5:- RESULT

As we know ohms law which states that voltage is directly proportional to current

V=IR

Where, V=voltage supply to circuit

I=current flow in circuit

R=resistance of circuit

Calculation: 1:- we know,

R2=2.2k, V=9v

From ohms law,

I2=V/R2

I2=9/2.2*10^3

I2=4.09mA ------(1)

2:- R3=270*10^3

V=9V

I3=9/270*10^3=0.033mA ------(2)

3:- As we know voltage & resistance we can find current through LED light

V=1.22V, R=1k

Is=1.22/1*10^3=1.125A ------(3)

4: As we know that capacitor stores charges in the form of energy it means current flowing though capacitor is equals to charge stored by the capacitor so current through capacitor

C1=470uA and C2=100uA ------(4)

Result

5:- As we know that input voltage required for IC3561 is 0.3V and we resistance(R) of 470ohm then current required for transistor BD679is

It=0.3/470

It=0.63mA ------(5)

As we know that voltage required for C-B terminals is 80V. Same voltage is required between terminals B-E terminals. In this way we find all ratings of components.

6:- After soldering the components on PCB we get following figure. Speaker, Battery, Switch, Resistor, Capacitor, ICs, Transistor are soldered on PCB.After connecting battery LED light get ON when switch is ON. Speaker gets sounded as wire get break and hence project get run. Transistor BD679 is more efficient transistor for electronic bicycle lock

Figure21:- Complete project for electronic bicycle lock

Conclusion

CHAPTER6:- CONCLUSION

I am proud to express my delight as the project I embarked upon is successfully finished within the target date .The project gave me more confidence that I will be able to put in practice, whatever theoretical knowledge I gained during my course of study till now .If really persuade me to do more and more perhaps in better way in my future .

Electronic Bicycle Lock is issued at the time of mains failure with an additional facility of overcharge protection .I take this opportunity to thank everyone who contributed directly or indirectly for successful completion of project.