U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs National Institute of Justice National Institute of Justice Research in Brief Jeremy Travis, Director April 2000

NIJAwards in Fiscal Year 1999

Introduction For Further Information

This list presents the grants,interagency and Visit NIJ on the World Wide Web at cooperative agreements,contracts,and fellowships http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij for online access to awarded by the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) this listing and to learn more about NIJ’s research during fiscal year 1999. The awards reflect activities. research,evaluation,training,dissemination,and technical support projects,including those For information regarding the funding supported by the Violent Crime Control and Law opportunities resulting from the 1994 Crime Act, Enforcement Act of 1994 (the Crime Act) and contact the Department of Justice Response Center those conducted in partnership with other Federal at 800Ð421Ð6770. agencies. Office of Justice Programs World Wide Web An annual open solicitation for proposals invites Site:http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov. investigators to initiate research and evaluation in broadly defined topic areas; more focused National Institute of Justice World Wide Web solicitations are issued throughout the year on Site:http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij. specific topics and programs,including those emphasized by the Crime Act. Visit the Web site for announcements of funding opportunities. The National Institute of Justice is a component of the Office of Justice Programs,which also How to Find a Grant includes the Bureau of Justice Assistance, Bureau of Justice Statistics,Office of Juvenile The awards are listed alphabetically by project Justice and Delinquency Prevention,and Office title within 14 major subject areas (see table of for Victims of Crime. contents,next page). Each award lists the title of the project,the principal contact with affiliation, the dollar amount,and the grant number. NCJ 179016 2

Contents

Corrections ...... 3 Courts ...... 4 Crime Mapping ...... 5 Crime Prevention ...... 5 Crime Prevention, General ...... 5 Strategic Approaches to Community Safety Initiative ...... 6 Drugs and Crime ...... 7 Drugs and Crime, General ...... 7 Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) Program ...... 9 Residential Substance Abuse Treatment (RSAT) Program ...... 10 Information Dissemination and General Support ...... 14 International Research ...... 14 Policing ...... 15 Policing, General ...... 15 Community Policing ...... 16 Corrections and Law Enforcement Family Support ...... 17 Schools ...... 18 Sentencing ...... 18 Technology Development ...... 18 Officer Protection and Crime Prevention Technologies ...... 18 Investigative and Forensic Sciences ...... 20 Forensics, General ...... 20 DNA 5-Year Plan ...... 22 DNA Laboratory Improvement Program ...... 23 Less-Than-Lethal Incapacitation ...... 27 Communication and Information Technologies ...... 27 Training and Simulation Technologies ...... 29 Counterterrorism Technologies ...... 30 Program Assessment, Policy, and Coordination ...... 31 Technology Assistance ...... 31 Technology Assistance, General ...... 31 National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Centers (NLECTC) ...... 32 Victimization and Victim Services ...... 33 Violence ...... 34 Violence, General ...... 34 Violence Against Women and Family Violence ...... 34 Firearms ...... 38 Youth ...... 38 Youth, General ...... 38 Gangs ...... 40 3

Corrections camps and traditional facilities. The current project is examining how private-versus public-sector residential Assessing Mental Health Problems Among Serious facilities differ and whether these differences are related Institutionalized Delinquents to inmate adjustment during confinement. California Youth Authority Rudy Haapanen Evaluation of Hampden County Correctional Centers $10,000 Abt Associates Inc. 1998ÐCEÐVXÐ0024 Theodore M. Hammett A mental health assessment tool is being designed to $299,978 gather information on the mental health status of wards 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0047 entering State-level institutions. The assessment can be An evaluation is being conducted of Hampden County used by practitioners as a classification tool for youthful Correctional Center’s public health model to determine offender populations. the rates of infectious diseases and other health problems, the prevalence of high-risk behavior among Assessing Suicide Risk & Behaviors Among correctional inmates, and the success of the model in Incarcerated Inmates reducing individual high-risk behavior and recidivism University of Kansas Center for Research, Inc. and improving clinical outcomes. Margaret E. Severson $49,996 An Evaluation of Neighborhood-Based Supervision 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0016 in Washington The sociocultural factors that affect suicidal thoughts Washington State University and behaviors among Native American jail detainees are Faith E. Lutze being studied to determine if current suicide screening $59,973 and intervention techniques are appropriate for 1999ÐCEÐVXÐ0007 identifying suicide risk among incarcerated Northern The Neighborhood-Based Supervision (NBS) program Plains Indians. in Spokane, Washington, is being evaluated to determine the recidivism rates of different types of Developing Countywide Assessment in offenders (such as drug, property, and violent Los Angeles County offenders), to assess NBS offenders’ adaptability to Rand Corporation community supervision, and to compare NBS Susan Turner supervision style and services with traditional $87,778 community supervision. 1999ÐIJÐCXÐK008 This partnership between the Rand Corporation and the Evaluation of the CHANGE Program & Its Impact Los Angeles Probation Department is testing the on Inmates predictability of newly developed risk and need Ferris State University assessment instruments. Designed to determine the Shannon M. Barton appropriate levels of service for offenders and predict $49,016 future program needs, the instruments will be modified, 1999ÐCEÐVXÐ0006 if needed, and an implementation plan will be Researchers are assessing the efficacy of CHANGE, a developed. new program designed to reduce prison violence, through an evaluation of program implementation and Effect of Privatization on Juvenile Correctional continuity, correctional staff support for rehabilitative Institutions efforts, and the degree to which participation reduces University of MarylandÐCollege Park designated inmate security levels. Doris MacKenzie $63,899 Examination of Privatization in the Federal Bureau 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0061 of Prisons This study completes a secondary analysis of data Abt Associates Inc. collected in a national study of juvenile correctional Douglas McDonald services to determine the differences between boot $674,982 1999ÐIJÐCXÐK018 4

This study is comparing the institutional performance to community life. In particular, researchers are and costs of a privately operated Federal prison to those examining how the level of inmate religiousness and the of other Bureau of Prisons facilities. The study assesses intensity of religious networks affect postrelease which operational features of public and private prisons community adjustment and whether intervening factors produce desired outcomes and whether differences in mediate the influence of inmate religiousness on such operational structure result in observed performance adjustment. differences. Strategic Threat Group Program Evaluation Identifying Effective Correctional Programs for Arizona Department of Corrections Female Felony Offenders Daryl Fischer Michigan State University $183,146 Merry A. Morash 1999ÐCEÐVXÐ0004 $82,114 Strategic Threat Group management programs are being 1996ÐIJÐCXÐ0021 evaluated to determine the programs’ efficacy in This award continues a study of gender-specific reducing violence and rule infractions among gang community programs for serious women offenders. members in State prisons and deterring inmates from Researchers are looking at the unique program elements joining gangs. and methods that differentiate gender-specific programming from other types and determining which Telemedicine Technology for Corrections program elements and methods predict positive Applications outcomes. U.S. Department of the Navy, Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center, Charleston International Assessment of Birth Cohort Research Jerry A. Koenig University of North CarolinaÐCharlotte $300,000 Paul C. Friday 1998ÐIJÐCXÐA014 $121,117 The purpose of this study is to expand the telemedicine 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0048 capability in the Bureau of Prisons environment and to This award continues a birth cohort study undertaken in assess the utility of telemedicine in a corrections Wuhan, China, by the late Dr. Marvin Wolfgang, who environment. sought to replicate a study of delinquency done in the United States. Data and followup interviews are being Courts translated and transferred, with an analysis of identifiable social and economic changes over the time The American Terrorism Study: Patterns of Behavior period being studied. University of AlabamaÐBirmingham Brent L. Smith Management Practices for Young Inmates in Adult $49,964 Prison 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0005 Abt Associates Inc. Researchers are analyzing Federal criminal cases Dale Parent involving persons who were investigated by the FBI for $299,827 terrorism-related activities from 1990 to 1999 to 1999ÐCEÐVXÐ0002 determine what changes have occurred in the behavior This project is assessing various options for supervising and tactics of American terrorist groups, how Federal juvenile offenders sentenced to adult prisons. investigation and prosecution strategies have responded to such changes, and what the predictors of case Religion & Postrelease Community Adjustment outcomes and sentences are. Florida State University Melvina Sumter Drug Court Evaluation: Phase II $19,592 Abt Associates Inc. 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0001 Terence Dunworth This longitudinal study is exploring the relationship $345,236 between prisoners, religion, and subsequent adjustment 1997ÐDCÐVXÐK002 5

The second phase of Abt Associates’ drug court Continuing Development of Crimestat Spatial evaluation involves collecting additional data, Statistics identifying potential prognostic indicators of clinical Ned Levine & Associates relapse and criminal recidivism, and making Ned Levine recommendations for modifying drug court procedures $86,595 and treatment services to enhance the possibility of 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0044 successful rehabilitation. This research is developing a second version of Crimestat to provide crime analysts and researchers Effect of Implementation of Indigent Defense with improved spatial statistical software. Standard National Legal Aid and Defender Association SCRAM: Streamlined Reporting Scott Wallace Laramite (Wyoming), City of $48,221 Bryan Vila 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0049 $84,614 This project addresses the problems of uneven and poor- 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0027 quality indigent services by examining types of This pilot study is assessing the feasibility of using the standards, how the standards were adopted, and leading forms-recognition software to scan crime enforcement mechanisms. Various other indicators, such incident data directly from police agencies’ native as client eligibility, funding levels, and quality of incident reports and exporting them to standard MS services, are also being considered. ACCESS database files. Particular attention is being given to the software’s ability to detect and address data Public Opinion on the Courts: National Portrait & errors. Interpretation National Center for State Courts A Spatial Analysis of Rural Crime in Appalachia Victor Flango James G. Cameron $159,933 $113,350 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0021 1999ÐLTÐVXÐ0001 This researcher-practitioner partnership is measuring The utility of spatial analysis in rural areas is being public opinion on contemporary issues such as studied through analysis of crime data in more than 400 therapeutic judging, decentralized court facilities, counties in Appalachia. Geographic information systems self-representation, and expectations for the courts to will be used for data visualization and simple educate citizens in their role as potential consumers. The relationship mapping; spatial econometric modeling findings will help inform the leadership agenda of State methods will be used to conduct exploratory analysis courts in general and the National Association of Court and confirmatory data modeling. Management’s conference in August 2000. Crime Prevention Crime Mapping ◆ Crime Prevention, General Applications of Geographic Analysis in Parole and Probation Analyzing Variation in Local Life Circumstances & University of MarylandÐBaltimore County Involvement in Crime Keith Harries Temple University $59,488 Alex Piquero 1999ÐCEÐVXÐ0005 $19,127 The Division of Parole and Probation is enhancing its 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0058 analytical self-sufficiency by implementing geographic Using data on serious offenders paroled from the information system technology. California Youth Authority, researchers are assessing the relationship between violent and nonviolent crime and local life circumstances, including alcohol and drug use, marriage and common-law relationships, education, employment, and opportunity to engage in crime. 6

Community Readiness and Intervention The Jersey City Police Foundation Safe Schools Colorado State University Partnership Pamela J. Thurman Police Foundation $192,213 David Weisburd 1999ÐWTÐVXÐK007 $258,039 This study is assessing eight rural and two urban Native 1999ÐLTÐVXÐK018 American communities to determine each community’s This award supports development and implementation readiness to address violence against women. of a school-based crime-mapping application to Specifically, the study is examining community attitudes determine the prevalence of violent and property crimes toward violence, differences in cultural norms and in schools, on school grounds, and along student prevention approaches, and differences in readiness for transportation routes. primary and secondary prevention efforts. New Estimates of the Cost of Crime: A Hedonic Community Safety Law Valuation Roger L. Conner, NIJ Visiting Fellow Vanderbilt University $319,377 William Alan Bartley 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0002 $21,825 Through this project, researchers are defining 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0006 community safety law (CSL), accelerating the process Using a wide range of data on occupation and salary, by which knowledge gained by experimentation and housing attributes, local amenities, weather, the research in this field is spread, exploring how NIJ’s environment, teacher-pupil ratios, and crime rates, research programs can best serve the needs of CSL researchers are performing regressions to obtain a practitioners, and introducing this new specialty to the hedonic dollar value that individuals attribute to specific law school community. amenities or disamenities in the areas of residence. The relative value that individuals place on reducing certain Determining the Effects of Neighborhood Peers and crimes will then be determined, allowing the cost- Family effectiveness of different crime prevention strategies to Duke University be evaluated. Kenneth C. Land $34,980 Project on Human Development in Chicago 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0035 Neighborhoods Data from the Racine, Wisconsin, 1942 and 1949 birth Harvard University cohorts are being reanalyzed to determine the impact of Felton J. Earls social environment—including family, peer group, and $2,200,000 neighborhood context—on individuals’ trajectories of 1993ÐIJÐCXÐK005 offending and to evaluate life-course theory. This longitudinal study, which is sponsored jointly with the MacArthur Foundation, is collecting data over an Evaluating the Impact of Multijurisdictional Task 8-year period on 7,000 children and youths from birth to Forces age 18, their families, and their neighborhoods to trace Abt Associates Inc. the development of delinquent and criminal behavior Terence Dunworth patterns, including substance abuse. $462,058 1999ÐDDÐBXÐ0034 ◆ Strategic Approaches to Community This award supports a two-phase research project for the Safety Initiative Bureau of Justice Assistance, which is developing impact evaluation methodologies that can be used by The Strategic Approaches to Community Safety State planning agencies and others. After impact Initiative (SACSI) is a problem-solving, information- measures are identified and pilot tested, a detailed task driven approach intended to reduce crime in five pilot plan for implementing and testing the methodology will sites. SACSI enhances the effectiveness of U.S. be produced. Attorneys, working in partnership with Federal, State, 7

and local criminal justice agencies, community-based Portland organizations, government agencies, and a research Target problem: youth gun violence, with special partner. attention to 15- to 24-year-olds and the role of alcohol in youth-related violence. SACSI involves several key steps: forming an Research Component interagency working group, gathering information and The Reed Institute amassing knowledge about a local crime problem to Stefan J. Kapsch understand the problem fully, designing a strategy and $250,000 intervention to tackle the problem, implementing the 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0025 interventions, and evaluating and modifying the strategy as necessary. Winston-Salem Target problem: violent and assaultive crime National Evaluation of SACSI committed by youth, age 17 and younger. University of Illinois Planning Component Dennis P. Rosenbaum North Carolina Juvenile Justice Council $449,210 Sylvia Oberle 1999ÐIJÐCXÐK013 $50,000 1999ÐDDÐBXÐK004 Indianapolis Research Component Target problem: homicide (particularly drug-related Wake Forest University homicide) and gun violence. Julie B. Cole Planning Component $249,758 Hudson Institute 1999ÐIJÐCXÐK003 Ed McGarrell $49,993 Drugs and Crime 1999ÐDDÐBXÐK003 Research Component ◆ Drugs and Crime, General Hudson Institute Ed McGarrell Assessment of a Drug Screening Instrument $249,092 Texas Christian University 1999ÐIJÐCXÐK002 Kevin Knight $79,757 Memphis 1999ÐMUÐMUÐK008 Target problem: sexual assault. Researchers are analyzing the psychometric properties Research Component of the Texas Christian University Drug Screen to Memphis State University determine the instrument’s usefulness in assessing drug Richard Janikowski use severity for treatment referral decisions in $249,967 correctional settings. A preliminary outcome evaluation 1999ÐIJÐCXÐK007 will be conducted to determine whether the instrument is predictive of postincarceration arrest. New Haven Target problem: gun-related crime and community fear. Drug Markets on the Lower East Side of Manhattan Planning Component John Jay College Research Foundation of the City Spectrum Associates Market Research, Inc. University of New York Eliot Hartstone Richard Curtis $27,854 $249,240 1999ÐJNÐFXÐK003 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0010 Research Component This 2-year study is documenting the evolution of Spectrum Associates Market Research, Inc. illegal-drug markets on Manhattan’s Lower East Side. Eliot Hartstone Changes in prices, distribution, crime and violence, $250,000 consumers, and the criminal careers of distributors are 1999ÐIJÐCXÐK001 8

being analyzed, and the impact of law enforcement and Using spatial analytic techniques, researchers are community pressure is being evaluated. modeling drug market locations, identifying drug market hot spots and the mix of violent and property crime Drugs, Incarceration, & Neighborhood Life around different types of drug markets, analyzing the John Jay College Research Foundation of the City persistence of drug markets over time, and establishing University of New York the temporal sequence of neighborhood decline and drug Dina Rose sales. $65,555 1999ÐCEÐVXÐ0008 Illicit Drugs: Price Elasticity of Demand and Supply This project is examining the effect of high levels of Abt Associates Inc. prison admissions and releases in specific neighborhoods Terence Dunworth on ex-offenders, their families, and community residents $299,999 in Tallahassee, Florida. The goal is to increase the 1999ÐIJÐCXÐK004 successful reintegration of offenders into community This research is examining the price elasticity of supply life. and demand for illicit drugs; estimating costs for the various steps required to produce, transship, and Evaluating New Hampshire Department of distribute illicit drugs; exploring how costs at low stages Corrections Drug Testing Programs of the production and distribution system are passed University of New Hampshire through to consumers; and developing models for John Humphrey correlating price estimates with antidrug activity. $164,292 1999ÐDDÐBXÐK009 Impact of Alcohol Policies on Incidence of Violent The effectiveness of drug testing in two statewide Crime programs in New Hampshire is being assessed through a Florida State University study of recidivism, drug use, and the interactions David W. Rasmussen among offender characteristics, treatment needs, and life $161,127 context variables. Profiles of offenders most likely to 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0041 benefit from a drug testing program will be the result. Controlling for other determinants of violence, this project uses econometric models to measure the effect Evaluation of Breaking the Cycle: Florida, Alabama, that policy measures designed to reduce alcohol use or & Washington abuse, such as alcohol taxes, dram shop laws, and law Urban Institute enforcement efforts to control drunk driving, have on Adele Harrell violent crime. $1,688,276 1997ÐIJÐCXÐ0013 Informal Social Control of Crime in High Drug-Use This supplemental award extends the national evaluation Neighborhoods of Breaking the Cycle, a systemwide intervention University of Kentucky Research Foundation strategy designed to reduce criminality, improve Barbara D. Warner defendants’ social functioning, and ensure the efficient $268,926 use of criminal justice resources through drug testing, 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0052 treatment, and monitoring. The evaluation sites include The role of culture in community crime prevention is Birmingham, Alabama; Jacksonville, Florida; and being studied through an examination of the factors Tacoma, Washington. related to informal social control in high drug-use neighborhoods, with particular emphasis on the cultural Evolution of Drug Markets and structural factors that affect informal social control Temple University and, subsequently, violent crime. George Rengert $261,047 1999ÐIJÐCXÐK005 9

Juvenile Breaking the Cycle This research is comparing two approaches to criminal Lane County (Oregon) Department of Youth Services justice system diversion for juveniles: a comprehensive Stephen Carmichael intervention condition involving intensive afterschool $2,000,000 treatment, drug monitoring, and case management; and 1999ÐIJÐCXÐK017 a contingent drug treatment condition involving drug The Juvenile Breaking the Cycle Project, a systemwide monitoring, case management, and referral assistance. intervention strategy designed to identify, supervise, and Multiple drug testing technologies are being incorporated treat drug-using delinquents, reduces delinquent to monitor both baseline and continuing drug use. behavior by reducing drug use, improves social functioning, and promotes more efficient use of ◆ Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring juvenile justice resources, particularly detention beds. (ADAM) Program

Juvenile Breaking the Cycle Evaluation Assessing and Improving the Value of ADAM for Research Triangle Institute Drug Policy Richard E. Strowd Rand Corporation $699,856 Jonathan Caulkins 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0032 $24,950 An evaluation is being conducted of Juvenile Breaking 1999ÐIJÐCXÐK006 the Cycle, a systemwide intervention for drug-involved The usefulness of the information collected through juvenile arrestees in Lane County, Oregon, to determine NIJ’s ADAM survey instrument is being evaluated. program efficacy, participant outcomes, and cost- Researchers are exploring the links between the effectiveness. monitoring and modeling functions of the data, suggesting data items that could be added to the core Substance Abuse, Medication Adherence, & instrument, and describing other information domains to Criminality which ADAM could contribute. University of CaliforniaÐLos Angeles David Farabee Monitoring the Marijuana Upsurge With Drug Use $299,961 Forecasting/ADAM Arrestees 1999ÐCEÐVXÐ0003 National Development & Research Institutes, Inc. This research is determining how effective hair assays Andrew Golub are in validating antipsychotic medication adherence, $25,000 whether the degree of adherence differs according to 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0020 comorbid substance dependence, and what the reasons Using ADAM/DUF data from 1987 to 1998, this project are for not taking the antipsychotic medications is analyzing the recent upsurge in marijuana use, prescribed. particularly among youthful arrestees, and documenting the extent to which marijuana has replaced crack as the Understanding the Nexus Between Alcohol, Drugs, popular drug among youth who tend to get in trouble and Crime in Two Indian Communities with both drugs and the law. University of New Mexico Philip A. May Pathological Gambling in Arrestee Populations $87,625 University of NevadaÐLas Vegas 1999ÐMUÐMUÐ0023 Richard McCorkle Arrestees in two Indian communities in New Mexico $137,629 and North Dakota are being examined to determine the 1999ÐIJÐCXÐK011 commonalities and differences among men and women The study is exploring how substance abuse and who are arrested for alcohol and drug-related crimes to pathological gambling lead to criminal activity by develop an understanding of why individuals offend and comparing the criminal activity of arrestees with and reoffend. without pathological gambling disorders and calculating the proportion of crime committed to fund gambling Use & Evaluation of Hair Analysis & Ion Mobility activity or pay off gambling debts. Orleans Parish District Attorney Thomas Mieczkowski $182,362 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0018 10

◆ Residential Substance Abuse Two programs are being evaluated: the Crossroad to Treatment (RSAT) Program Freedom therapeutic community and the Peer I transitional community in Denver, established for high- 15-Month Process Evaluation of Adult & Juvenile risk substance abusers who drop out of the Crossroad RSAT in Kansas program prematurely after they leave prison. The National Council on Crime and Delinquency evaluation is identifying the variables affecting retention Michael A. Jones rates, including severity of substance abuse, personality $60,000 disorders, severe clinical syndromes, motivation, and 1999ÐRTÐVXÐK015 readiness for treatment. An evaluation is being conducted of the newly created Kansas Department of Corrections’ RSAT program for Evaluation of the Pine Lodge Treatment Program minimum security male inmates and the RSAT program Washington State University for committed juvenile offenders to determine whether Pretha Phillips any impediments have prevented program implementation $99,566 and to assess changes in offenders’ attitudes, values, and 1999ÐRTÐVXÐK001 substance abuse behavior. A multidimensional outcomes evaluation of the Pine Lodge therapeutic program for female offenders is being 24-Month Impact Evaluation of Kansas RSAT undertaken to examine whether removing offenders Programs from their environment impedes or improves their National Council on Crime and Delinquency treatment progress, determine the availability of Michael A. Jones aftercare services, and document participant outcomes, $100,000 including recidivism, substance abuse, job-skill 1999ÐRTÐVXÐK022 development, employment, and relationships with Researchers are assessing both the Kansas Juvenile children. Justice Authority’s RSAT program for juvenile offenders and the Kansas Department of Corrections Evaluation of Prison-Based Drug Treatment in RSAT program for adult inmates to determine the Pennsylvania efficacy of the programs in reducing the frequency and Temple University prevalence of substance abuse and criminal behavior. Wayne N. Welsh $171,684 Evaluation of the Barrett Juvenile Correctional 1999ÐCEÐVXÐ0009 Center for Juveniles Researchers are evaluating therapeutic community drug Virginia Commonwealth University treatment programs at four Pennsylvania State prisons, Jill A. Gordon including the effects of variations in program content $99,380 and structure, the quality of program implementation, 1999ÐRTÐVXÐK024 and the relationship between inmate characteristics and Researchers are evaluating the Barrett Juvenile treatment process and outcomes. Correctional Center, Virginia, which was established to treat juvenile offenders with a moderate to severe Evaluation of the Seeking Safety Substance Abuse substance abuse problem, to determine the efficacy of and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Treatment this highly structured program that integrates social Program learning, behavioral, and cognitive theories. Butler Hospital Caron Zlotnick Evaluation of Crossroad to Freedom House & $75,251 Peer I Therapeutic Communities 1999ÐWTÐVXÐ0004 University of ColoradoÐColorado Springs The efficacy, feasibility, and acceptance of a treatment Kelli J. Klebe known as Seeking Safety are being evaluated using a $100,000 sample of incarcerated women with comorbid 1999ÐRTÐVXÐK021 and post-traumatic stress disorder and substance abuse. $44,777 1999ÐRTÐVXÐK011 11

Four Tier IV Connecticut Department of both an aftercare and work-release component. The goal Corrections RSAT Programs is to produce a guide for a drug treatment program for Central Connecticut State University female offenders that is sensitive to gender differences. Susan E. Pease $99,402 Local Evaluation of Arkansas Therapeutic 1999ÐRTÐVXÐK019 Community The proposed study will evaluate the outcome of four University of Arkansas at Little Rock Tier IV RSAT programs at four sites in Connecticut: the Debora Laufersweiler-Dwyer Robinson, York, and Osborn Correctional Institutions $57,611 and the Manson Youth Institution. The goal is to 1999ÐIJÐCXÐK015 determine the consistency and effectiveness of the This project is developing a substance abuse risk and Connecticut Department of Correction’s highest level of needs assessment instrument for inmates in the Arkansas treatment. Department of Corrections. The instrument will identify programmatic and systemic factors that affect the Georgia Department of Corrections Local efficacy of the Correctional Comprehensive Substance Evaluations of RSAT Abuse Treatment Program and create a treatment and Georgia Department of Corrections needs demographic database for corrections managers Audrey Moffett and treatment personnel. $60,000 1999ÐRTÐVXÐK008 Local Outcome Evaluation of the RSAT for State Georgia’s intensive 6-month RSAT program uses a Prisoners social learning curriculum to prepare selected substance- Massachusetts Executive Office of Public Safety abusing offenders for parole within 6 to 18 months of Dian Brensilber their release. This process evaluation of seven such $99,925 programs is examining inmate substance abuse treatment 1999ÐRTÐVXÐK026 needs before release, the inmate selection process, An outcome evaluation is being conducted of the program design and resources, program quality, and Barnstable County (Massachusetts) Sheriff’s participation. Department RSAT program, a treatment program that annually serves 120 male and 30 female inmates, to Impact of an Intensive Continuum of Care for Parole assess recidivism, measure RSAT’s role in maintaining Violators treatment-related behavioral change, and determine the Vera Institute of Justice, Inc. relationship between RSAT services and successful Douglas Young community reintegration. $99,985 1999ÐRTÐVXÐK014 New Jersey Evaluation of the RSAT for State This evaluation of Pennsylvania’s two RSAT programs, Prisoners which target technical parole violators with a history of New Jersey Department of Corrections substance abuse, is comparing how the two RSAT Mario Paparozzi and Robert McCormack treatment models differ, whether the RSAT programs $100,000 match the unique needs of this population, and the rates 1999ÐRTÐVXÐK018 of criminal recidivism. The proposed evaluation will assess the success of the New Jersey Department of Correction’s RSAT program. Investigating Gender-Appropriate, Corrections- Based Drug Treatment Programs Ohio RSAT Outcome Evaluation Delaware Criminal Justice Council Ohio Office of Criminal Justice Services Arthur Garrison Edward J. Latessa $48,658 $99,861 1999ÐRTÐVXÐK016 1999ÐRTÐVXÐK025 This project explores the gender appropriateness of the Treatment outcomes are being monitored at three Ohio Village-Crest program, a therapeutic community for 300 RSAT programs: a community-based facility for adult female inmates in New Castle, Delaware, that includes males and females, a State-operated institutional 12

treatment center for juvenile males, and a State-operated This project evaluates the impact of Rhode Island’s program for adult males to identify individual RSAT program on participant recidivism, drug use and characteristics associated with relapse and recidivism treatment, and work experience; identifies program and programmatic factors associated with positive features and inmate characteristics most closely treatment outcomes. associated with positive treatment outcomes; and compares this program’s outcomes to those of other The Other Way Outcome Evaluation intervention programs. University of Iowa Remi Cadoret Outcome Evaluation of the Texas Youth Commission $99,554 RSAT 1999ÐRTÐVXÐK010 University of TexasÐAustin An outcome evaluation is being conducted of the Other William R. Kelly Way program at the Clarinda (Iowa) Correctional $89,962 Facility to identify which services are provided to which 1999ÐRTÐVXÐK009 types of inmates at what cost, measure how well goals An outcome evaluation of the Texas Youth are being achieved, and determine whether some clients Commission’s Chemical Dependency Treatment would be better served by another type of program. Program is being conducted to measure the treatment progress of participating youth and identify valid Outcome Assessment of Correctional Treatment predictors of treatment progress and completion. Texas Christian University Demographic, socioeconomic, and criminal history data Matthew L. Hiller are being compared, and recidivism, compliance with $99,400 supervision, sobriety maintenance, and other outcome 1999ÐRTÐVXÐK027 measures are being assessed. This study is determining whether drug-involved felony probationers who undergo corrections-based therapeutic Outcome Evaluation of the WAR Program community treatment at the Dallas County Judicial University of New Mexico Treatment Center have lower recidivism rates than a Paul Gverin comparable group of probationers who do not $100,000 participate. This study also is evaluating the cost- 1999ÐRTÐVXÐK006 effectiveness of residential treatment in community This long-term outcome evaluation of We Are correctional settings. Recovering (WAR), a therapeutic community at the Southern New Mexico Correctional Facility, is Outcome Evaluation of the Forever Free Substance examining the effectiveness of the program and its Abuse Treatment Program reformulated structure and measuring the program’s University of California long-term impact on participants. Michael Prendergast $100,000 Process Evaluation of Four Tier IV Connecticut 1999ÐRTÐVXÐK003 Department of Corrections RSAT Programs This research is evaluating the Forever Free Substance Bridgeport Futures Initiative, Inc. Abuse Treatment Program at the California Institution Susan Pease for Women. Participants are being evaluated in terms of $58,742 their parole performance, drug use, employment, 1999ÐRTÐVXÐK012 psychological functioning, relationship with their Four institutions in Connecticut’s Tier IV RSAT children following release to parole, and other outcome program are being evaluated to determine the measures. relationship between inmates’ readiness to change and their success in treatment, the characteristics of those Outcome Evaluation of the Rhode Island RSAT who do not enroll in the program, the characteristics Program most closely associated with positive outcomes, and the Brown University impact of addiction severity on outcomes. Craig Love $99,874 1999ÐRTÐVXÐK002 13

Process Evaluation of Maine’s Intensive Residential The North Carolina Department of Correction’s State Therapeutic Community and Transitional Treatment Alliance for Recovery and General Education (SARGE) Facility program is being evaluated to determine the National Development & Research Institutes, Inc. effectiveness of this long-term, individualized, Josephine Hawke residential chemical dependency treatment. $59,959 1999ÐRTÐVXÐK013 RSAT Program of the New Hampshire Department This evaluation of the Maine Department of Corrections’ of Corrections Intensive Residential Therapeutic Community and University of New Hampshire Transitional Treatment Facility is documenting the Suzanne McMurphy program’s first year of operation, including the treatment $99,631 process for clients. The evaluation also is profiling the 1999ÐRTÐVXÐK020 drug use, treatment, and background characteristics of Researchers are assessing the effectiveness of the New inmates and establishing a database management system. Hampshire Summit House Program in reducing substance abuse, reducing offending behavior, and Process Evaluation of New Hampshire Summit increasing community reintegration of offenders. They House Program also are contributing to the international dialog on University of New Hampshire substance abuse in correctional settings through two Suzanne McMurphy international collaborations. $59,995 1999ÐRTÐVXÐK005 RSAT for State Prisoners Partnership Process This process evaluation of Summit House, a program in Evaluation two men’s facilities and one women’s facility, is examining Boise State University the demographic characteristics of clients and assessing Mary K. Stohr program adaptations to address the differing needs of $59,990 men and women using the MAPS system, a battery of 1999ÐRTÐVXÐK004 instruments currently being used in the evaluation of This research is determining whether an intensive, substance abuse treatment programs in 10 countries. structured therapeutic program for chronic substance abusers and parole violators is likely to reduce Process Evaluation of RSAT Program at recidivism and costs, increase abstinence, or result in Minnesota’s Correctional Facility measurable behavioral change and whether the program Marquette University might be enhanced by developing cooperative remedies. Todd Campbell $59,448 State of New Jersey Local Evaluation of RSAT for 1999ÐRTÐVXÐK007 State Prisoners A process evaluation is being conducted for a program New Jersey Department of Corrections for seriously antisocial incarcerated male adolescents. Mario Paparozzi and Robert McCormack The study will include an assessment of staff members’ $60,000 and residents’ expectations, perceptions, and practices. 1999ÐRTÐVXÐK023 The goal is to enhance the RSAT program and prepare An evaluation is being conducted of the New Jersey for a subsequent outcome evaluation. RSAT program, which places both inmates and parolees in community-based residential, nonresidential, and Process Evaluation of SARGE—A North Carolina parole aftercare treatment programs, to analyze the RSAT Program quality of services. National Development & Research Institutes, Inc. Robert Hubbard $59,994 1999ÐRTÐVXÐK017 14

Information Dissemination and Publishing the Documents of the Lyon Group of General Support Senior Experts Rule of Law Foundation Sergey Chapkey Annual Review of Justice Research $79,634 Castine Research Corporation 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0057 Michael Tonry Approximately 150 documents generated by the Lyon $199,113 Group of Senior Experts in Transnational Organized 1992ÐIJÐCXÐK044 Crime from the Group of Eight are being published This award supports the development and production of on CD-ROM and on a private Internet channel on the a new volume of Crime and Justice’s Annual Review of World Justice Information network. Justice Research, which summarizes the most significant, policy-relevant information useful to criminal justice policymakers, professionals, and International Research researchers. Assessing the Fit Between U.S.-Sponsored Training Committee on Law and Justice Core Support & the Needs of Ukrainian Police Agencies National Academy of Sciences Police Executive Research Forum Faith Mitchell Dennis Jay Kenney $245,000 $245,328 1998ÐIJÐCXÐ0030 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0026 This grant supports a committee to identify new areas of This partnership between NIJ and the Police Executive criminal justice research, assist in resolving scientific Research Forum is assessing the training and technical controversies, and expand established research. assistance needs of Ukrainian law enforcement agencies, reviewing the training assistance being provided, Communicating Research Findings: Assessing the documenting the process by which U.S.-sponsored Communication Strategies and Products of NIJ training is being delivered in the Ukraine, and assessing The Gallup Organization the impact of the training on both the agencies and Don Beck officers who receive it. $249,793 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0019 Building the Rule of Law Information Network in NIJ’s communications strategies and products are being Moldova evaluated to determine user satisfaction with content, Rule of Law Foundation format, and delivery mechanism; ascertain the influence Sergey Chapkey of NIJ products on criminal justice practice; recommend $245,366 ways to improve satisfaction and increase product 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0063 and effectiveness; and suggest mechanisms for user $154,714 feedback. 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0065 This project is establishing a Web presence for Planning Conference for Thematic Crime and Moldovan criminal justice agencies and legal Justice Volume on Transnational Crime institutions and developing a body of online materials to Castine Research Corporation enlarge the Rule of Law Foundation Network in Michael Tonry Moldova. The purpose is to strengthen the emerging $30,672 civil rights society in Moldova, promote the rule of law, 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0039 and introduce more transparency to the Moldovan Scholars from the United States and abroad met to government. identify key topics in transnational crime, such as human smuggling, currency violations, and organized crime, Community-Oriented Policing in Poland and such cross-cutting issues as law enforcement John Jay College Research Foundation of the City response, for a possible future volume in the Crime and University of New York Justice series. Maria Haberfeld $18,951 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0042 15

Community-oriented policing, one of the reforms being A collaborative project with researchers in Fuzhou introduced into the criminal justice system in Poland, is (China) is examining the structure and operation of being evaluated through a combination of self-reports by Chinese human smuggling organizations, including the and interviews of local law enforcement; members of the characteristics of people smugglers; the financial and criminal justice community, including attorneys, violent aspects of illegal migration; the relationship probation and parole officers, and correctional officers; between human smuggling, Chinese gangs, and and local politicians. organized crime; and the connection of smuggling to government corruption. Criminal Violence in Russia State University of New YorkÐAlbany A Study of Scope, Character, & Impact of the Mark A. Pridemore Phenomenon of Transnational Crime $34,867 Yuriy A. Voronin, International Visiting Fellow 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0009 $61,680 Researchers are developing structural equation models 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0014 that describe trends over time and space and provide a A visiting fellow is assembling a virtual library of framework for evaluating explanatory variables. The books, articles, reports, and other materials on researchers will compare Russian models with U.S. transnational organized crime and corruption in the models through an analysis of unemployment, divorce, nearly independent states of the former USSR, with mortality, and homicide rates; ethnic and religious special emphasis upon Ukraine. Russian-language composition; migration patterns; and standard-of-living material of particular interest to U.S. researchers is index information. being synthesized and abstracted into English.

Criminology and Criminal Justice in Post-Soviet Urban Policing in the Democratic Third World Ukraine University of Connecticut University of Kansas Center for Research, Inc. Frederick P. Roth Todd Foglesong $15,000 $49,787 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0066 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0012 This study is exploring whether, in the 3 decades since To further NIJ’s goal of creating global research independence, a similar pattern of policing was partnerships, this project is producing a concept paper reproduced in Botswana and Mauritius. These countries that expands American understanding of crime and share similar socioeconomic features, a thriving justice in the Ukraine. The authors will discuss recent economy, and a sustained tradition of democratic political history; crime, law enforcement, and criminal practices approximate to the Western model. The study justice issues; related problems such as drug addiction seeks to determine whether a class-control strategy of and corruption; and current research. policing emerged commensurate with rational-legal forms of social control. The Internet Studio: Building the Infrastructure Rule of Law Foundation Policing Sergey Chapkey $724,002 ◆ Policing, General 1998ÐIJÐCXÐK004 This program creates an Internet studio to provide the Lessons in Projecting Police Reform Abroad technical infrastructure and develop the in-house State University of New YorkÐAlbany technical skills necessary to effectively support NIJ’s David Bayley International Program. $74,753 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0055 Social Organization of Human Trafficking This award supports a literature review on police reform California State UniversityÐSan Marcos in developed democratic countries, especially the United Sheldon Zhang States. Bilateral and multilateral experience in police $203,977 reform abroad and efforts by nongovernmental 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0028 organizations to increase adherence to international 16

standards of human rights also are reviewed. In addition, Searching for Legal Domination the award supports the development of a research plan Northwestern University to explore these issues in four countries. Gail Stein $15,000 North Carolina Highway Traffic Study 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0045 North Carolina State University This graduate research fellow is developing an Matt Zingraff experimental model to determine whether some jurors $397,231 are dominated by the law and how such legal 1999ÐMUÐCXÐ0022 domination distributes along class, race, and gender This project is investigating whether North Carolina lines. Highway Patrol officers stop minorities on the road at higher rates than whites, what factors motivate highway Social Research—Getting It Right for Practitioners stops, and how ethnic minorities respond to police stops. & Policymakers The research takes extreme care to produce appropriate Gloria Laycock, NIJ Visiting Fellow baseline comparisons for driving behavior in order to $161,999 establish how much of the racial disparity in stops is a 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0050 function of driving behavior and how much is police This project explores how policing research can be response to the race of drivers. made more relevant to both police practitioners and policymakers at the local, State, and Federal levels. The Police Officer Hiring and Retention lessons learned should be relevant to other parts of the Urban Institute criminal justice system. Jeffrey Roth $250,000 ◆ Community Policing 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0011 As part of an ongoing national evaluation of the COPS Enhancement & Dissemination of Findings of the program, this award supports the Police Officer Hiring National Evaluation of COPS and Retention Study, which is documenting the hiring Urban Institute processes of COPS and non-COPS grantees, average Alexandra Ferguson officer length of tenure, retention plans, rates of $546,742 fluctuation, and variation among department types. 1995ÐIJÐCXÐ0073 and Potential Sources of Observer Bias in Police Studies Jeffrey Roth State University of New YorkÐAlbany $118,967 Richard J. Spano 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0007 $19,770 This project will update findings of the national 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0059 Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) Four types of observer bias are being studied to assess program. Two additional kinds of data are now the ways in which human error can contaminate available: Wave 3 survey information, which covers observational data of police. large agencies’ deployment of funded officers and implementation of funded technology, and Problem-Oriented Policing & Crime Prevention at programmatic site assessments, which provide NIJ qualitative descriptions of community policing practice Anthony A. Braga and technology implementation. A presentation of the $52,189 findings is planned. 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0023 A manuscript is being written to help criminal justice Longitudinal Evaluation of Chicago’s Community practitioners understand why problem-solving policing Policing Program interventions are effective. Topics to be addressed Northwestern University include problem places, repeat victims, and chronic Wesley G. Skogan offenders. Policy-relevant criminological theories will $575,764 be explained specifically for practitioners. 1994ÐIJÐCXÐ0046 17

This supplemental grant continues the longitudinal Corrections and Law Enforcement Family Support process and impact evaluation of CAPS, Chicago’s (CLEFS) Program community policing program, through analysis of Robert P. Delprino, Visiting Fellow public opinion about the police, neighborhood CAPS $67,235 activities to increase collective efficacy, officers’ 1999ÐFSÐVXÐ0002 attitudes and activities, beat meeting participation, crime An NIJ visiting fellow is conducting a national survey of hot-spot mapping, and efforts to overcome the lack of benchmark family support services provided by involvement in Latino communities. correctional agencies, analyzing the results, compiling a summary of the information gained from all CLEFS Variation in Community Policing Activities Across grants to date, and serving on the steering committee for Neighborhoods the National Symposium on Law Enforcement Families. University of Cincinnati Frank James Development and Evaluation of a Training Program $20,053 for Officers and Their Spouses 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0017 Lubbock (Texas) Police Department This study examines the activities of traditional beat Dena Morris officers and community-oriented police officers in 33 $99,887 neighborhoods in Cincinnati to determine whether the 1999ÐFSÐVXÐ0005 implementation of community policing in Cincinnati is A multimodel couples group therapy program is being consistent with theoretical tenets. developed for law enforcement officers and their spouses or significant others. The goal is to reduce stress ◆ Corrections and Law Enforcement for officers and their families by increasing adaptive Family Support family responses to stressful situations and training peer mentors who can provide ongoing support. Corrections and Law Enforcement Family Support: Organizational Impacts of Community-Oriented Family Support Program Policing New Mexico Department of Corrections Sacramento County Deputy Sheriff’s Association Alan Shuman Darryl Petersen $77,884 $92,030 1999ÐFSÐVXÐ0001 1999ÐFSÐVXÐ0004 A comprehensive stress reduction program is being The impact of community policing on local corrections established at the correctional academy in New Mexico officers in Sacramento, California, is being evaluated to reduce the turnover rate and hours of lost work time through surveys of officers and their spouses and due to family and personal problems and burnout. significant others to determine their perceptions of job- Designed for corrections, probation, and parole officers, related stress. the program includes on-site training, distance learning, and counseling. Corrections and Law Enforcement Family Support Program Reducing Correctional Officer & Family Stress Middlesex (Massachusetts), County of Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction James V. DiPaola Horst Gienapp $73,041 $100,000 1999ÐFSÐVXÐ0006 1999ÐFSÐVXÐ0003 This project offers a comprehensive stress reduction This program for correctional officers and their families training program to the family members of correctional provides family orientation sessions, mentors for new officers and provides referrals to other stress prevention probationary officers, alternative dispute resolution and intervention services. programs, an informational services hotline and Web site, and a postinvestigation debriefing policy. 18

Schools Separating & Estimating the Effects of Federal Sentencing Security Technologies Guide University of NebraskaÐOmaha U.S. Department of Energy, Sandia National Paula Kautt Laboratories $15,000 Mary W. Green 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0054 $50,000 This project is assessing the impact of Federal 1997ÐIJÐCXÐA072 sentencing guidelines and mandatory minimum statutes, The purpose of this study is to develop a Security which were enacted as part of the Sentencing Reform Technologies Guide for use by law enforcement officials Act of 1984, on racial disparity in both the Federal and public school administrators in determining the courts and correctional system. appropriateness, cost, and expected effectiveness of applying security technologies in school. Survey of Citizen Perceptions Toward Corrections and Sentencing Vanderbilt University Sentencing Mark A. Cohen $191,719 Dangerousness & Incapacitation: Sentencing Policy 1999ÐCEÐVXÐ0001 in California Researchers are conducting a survey to determine University of CaliforniaÐRiverside citizen preferences toward the sentencing of criminal Kathleen Auerhahn offenders and to measure the public’s willingness to pay $7,022 the increased correctional costs associated with violent 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0043 offender incarceration and truth-in-sentencing initiatives. A graduate research fellow is evaluating the efficacy of sentencing reform in California, which in 1994 passed the Nation’s most broadly written three-strikes habitual Technology Development offender statute, to determine whether crime has been ◆ reduced through the incapacitation of dangerous Officer Protection and Crime offenders. Prevention Technologies

District of Columbia Truth-in-Sentencing Study Assessment of Southwest Border States Anti-Drug Urban Institute Information System William J. Sabol SEASKATE, Inc. $699,960 E.A. Burkhalter, Jr. 1998ÐCEÐVXÐ0006 $103,096 This project is providing the District of Columbia 1999ÐIJÐCXÐK012 Advisory Sentencing Commission with comprehensive An evaluation is being conducted of the Criminal data and research findings on sentencing practices, Information Sharing Alliance and Southwest Border parole release decisions, and lengths of stay in prison in States Anti-Drug Information System in Arizona, the District of Columbia prior to implementation of the California, New Mexico, and Texas to determine Truth-in-Sentencing Amendment Act of 1998. program efficacy, including its management, budget, and oversight functions, and the level of system Paradoxes of Neutrality interoperability among the four States. Northeastern University Amy Farrell Demonstration of the Use of an Encapsulated $15,000 Perfluorocarbon Vapor Taggant to Track and Detect 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0064 Currency or Contraband Through an analysis of “extraordinary family Tracer Detection Technology Corporation circumstances,” this study is exploring what “family Jay Fraser responsibilities” mean, when they become extraordinary, $99,727 how family responsibility departures are made, whether 1999ÐLTÐVXÐK008 gender differences vary across judicial circuits, and how Tracer Detection Technology Corporation is developing these departures are being interpreted in family a delayed release chemical vapor taggant that can be sentencing. used in a range of law enforcement applications. 19

Electronic Supervision Tools: Improving Practice Preliminary Evaluation of Technology to Deliver and Technology Pepper Spray via a Ring Airfoil Projectile Council of State Governments/American Probation & Chemical Delivery Systems, Inc. Parole Association Victor Crainich Carl Wicklund $99,700 $108,459 1999ÐIJÐCXÐK019 1999ÐLTÐVXÐK001 A commercially available pepper powder, which could A process is being developed for assisting manufacturers, be used in the ring airfoil projectile being developed by service providers, and product and service users in the NIJ, is being analyzed to determine its safety and field of electronic monitoring to enhance the effectiveness. technology’s acceptance, use, and effectiveness through research, testing, education, and training. A Proposal to Develop a Software Tool for Enhancing School Safety Evaluation of Thermal Imagers for Law Abt Associates Inc. Enforcement Operations Terence Dunsworth Raytheon TI Systems, Inc. $214,588 Frank Bates 1999ÐLTÐVXÐK017 $50,000 Geographic information system software is being 1998ÐLBÐVXÐK001 developed and implemented to assess school safety in This award continues support for the development of terms of time and space; provide time-trend analysis and low-cost, uncooled thermal imaging systems that enable tabular reports; and reconcile measures of school safety, law enforcement and correctional officers to see in the such as school incident records, police crime reports, dark. and student and staff victimization data.

Evaluation of Vehicle-Stopping Electromagnetic Public Acceptance of Police Technologies Prototype Devices Phase III Institute for Law and Justice, Inc. JAYCOR Defense Sciences Group Thomas McEwen Duncan Stewart $99,859 $78,780 1993ÐIJÐCXÐK012 1999ÐLTÐVXÐK003 This project gathers data from citizen review boards, This award funds the development, fabrication, and field community-based advocacy groups, public interest testing of an Auto Arrestor Vehicle-Stopping Device. groups, big-city crime commissions, and other The field test will determine the capability of the Auto organizations to assess public acceptance of law Arrestor device to safely and effectively immobilize enforcement and corrections technologies and to identify commercial motor vehicles. significant legal, social, and political issues.

ISIS Intelligent Security Integration System Racine Security Management Project Chang Industry, Inc. Racine Unified School District Barry Bradshaw Karen Albeck $203,730 $100,358 1999ÐLTÐVXÐK024 1999ÐLTÐVXÐK013 A low-cost personal distress device is being developed A security system is being installed at a large urban high for school personnel that is reliable and easy to use, school to demonstrate that cost-effective daily safety and integrates well with existing security systems, identifies security can be achieved that preserves the dignity of the caller and the location of the caller, and can be students, staff, and visitors; allows immediate installed and integrated in phases to maximize school emergency exit from the school; and provides immediate districts’ limited budgets. information about who is in the school building. 20

Ring Airfoil Projectile System for Less-Than-Lethal Technical Support for the Concealed Weapons Application Detection (CWD) and Through the Wall Guilford Engineering Associates, Inc. Surveillance (TWS) Programs and the David Findlay Interferometric Impulse Radar Study $299,182 U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory Information 1997ÐIJÐCXÐK019 Directorate This effort aims to develop a handheld ring airfoil David Ferris projectile prototype launcher with a disposable delivery $1,577,000 cartridge and a reusable firing device. 1998ÐMUÐMUÐA062 This award provides for technical oversight of the ROAD SENTRY Vehicle-Stopping Prototype development of technologies under the CWD and TWS Electrostatic Discharge Device programs and conducts an interferometric impulse radar Non-Lethal Technologies, Inc. study and an analysis of the applicability of pulsed fast David Pacholok neuron to law enforcement applications. $12,370 1999ÐLTÐVXÐK005 Voice Command Mobile Phone Technology for This award funds the fabrication and field testing of an Community Policing Auto Arrestor Vehicle-Stopping Device. The field test Integrated Wave Technologies, Inc. will determine the capability of the Auto Arrestor device John H. Hall to safely and effectively immobilize commercial motor $168,549 vehicles. 1999ÐLTÐVXÐK007 The Alexandria, Virginia, Police Department is testing Safe School Technologies the functionality of 25 voice-recognition cellular phone Mei Technology Company caddies to determine whether the “hands-free, eyes-free” William Walsh technology increases vehicle operator safety. $150,000 1999ÐLTÐVXÐK015 ◆ Investigative and Forensic Sciences Interactive scenario-based simulations are being developed to train school personnel to deal with problem situations Forensics, General in the schools. Development of a PCR-Based Forensic Typing School Security Pilot Program System for Genetic Individualization of Domestic U.S. Department of Energy, Sandia National Laboratory Cats Mary W. Green National Institute of Health, Laboratory of Genomic $100,000 Diversity 1999ÐJSÐFXÐA082 Barbara Holder The U.S. Department of Energy is supporting a School $265,570 Security Pilot Program in the State of Texas that will 1999ÐIJÐCXÐA079 enable schools to determine the most effective school The National Institute of Health is creating a population security systems. genetic database of domestic pure and mixed-breed cats. The identification of an individual pet or other animal Southwest Border States Anti-Drug Information may provide the critical piece of information in a System criminal investigation and prosecution. Criminal Information Sharing Alliance Glen Gillum Firearms Identification System (FIS) $8,899,376 Department of Defense, Office of Special Technology 1997ÐLBÐVXÐK009 James Lawrence This project’s final phase improves the network’s $150,000 performance and extends the system to critical law 1999ÐLTÐVXÐA065 enforcement agencies in Arizona, California, New This award supports Department of Defense oversight of Mexico, and Texas. the development of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police FIS database (a searchable CD-ROM including text and 21

digitized images), which assists the law enforcement This project is validating the national guidelines community in the identification of firearms for developed for both training death investigators and administrative, forensic, or investigative purposes. conducting death investigations, identifying which guidelines need to be revised based on jurisdictional Fluorescence Imaging Tools for Law Enforcement issues, and developing national training strategies and a U.S. Department of Energy, Sandia National prototype CD-ROM/Internet training package. Laboratories David R. Sandison National Auto Image Database $100,000 Federal Bureau of Investigation 1997ÐLBÐVXÐA071 Richard Voder Bruegge This award is developing a new set of fluorescence $150,000 imaging tools for crime scene investigation, forensic 1999ÐLTÐVXÐA101 medical examinations, fingerprint analysis, and materials This award supports the creation of a Digital identification, which can operate under normal lighting Automotive Information System consisting of a conditions. database for the storage and retrieval of automotive information and images as the primary element of the Fourth International Conference on Forensic National Automotive Image File. Statistics North Carolina State University National Center for Forensic Science Mitzi Sheridan University of Central Florida $20,000 Carrie Whitcomb 1999ÐIJÐCXÐK016 $1,077,874 The Fourth International Conference on Forensic 1998ÐIJÐCXÐK003 Statistics, held in winter 1999, brought together This award continues funding for the National Center forensic scientists, attorneys, statisticians, and scholars for Forensic Science, which provides technical to discuss how statistical models impact administrative, assistance to the forensic science and law enforcement judicial, and legislative proceedings. communities in the areas of fire and explosion debris through scientific research, development of protocols, Handwriting Identification: Research to Study and development of an electronic resource library and Validity of Individual Handwriting & Development of distance learning modules. Computer-Assisted Procedures State University of New YorkÐBuffalo Reflective Imaging and Processing of Fingerprints Sargur N. Srihari Albuquerque, City of $428,328 John Krebsbach 1999ÐIJÐCXÐK010 $40,000 Researchers are determining the scientific validity of 1999ÐLTÐVXÐK014 handwriting individuality by measuring spatial features, Using both laboratory and crime scene tests, Sandia quantifying their presence, and conducting spatial National Laboratories is validating an alternative analysis such as clustering. They also are developing imaging source suitable for use in ambient daylight standardized, validated procedures for comparing environments. handwriting. The goal is to bring computer methods of document analysis and recognition to the task of Support to the 15th Meeting of the International forensic document examination. Association of Forensic Sciences International Association of Forensic Sciences Medicolegal Death Investigator Guidelines and Barry A.J. Fisher Training Project $100,000 Occupational Research and Assessment, Inc. 1998ÐLBÐVXÐ0011 Steven C. Clark Participants at this meeting learned about the latest $276,750 research in the forensic sciences, observed demonstrations 1998ÐLBÐVXÐ0007 of the newest technology and instrumentation, and networked with their colleagues in the international forensic community. 22

Teleforensics Applications Investigators are developing a database of forensically National Aeronautics and Space Administration, important North American insects differentiated by Goddard Space Flight Center mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers to estimate the Jacob I. Trombka time since death, or postmortem interval, in homicide $140,000 investigations and other deaths. 1999ÐLBÐVXÐA007 This award allows for the evaluation of hardware and Development of New Analytical Buffer Systems for software that can be used in proof-of-principle the Separation and Analysis of PCR-Amplified DNA demonstrations of remote forensic investigations by Ohio University crime scene investigators using space exploration Bruce McCord technologies. $165,278 1999ÐIJÐCXÐK014 Teleforensics Demonstration Project: Phase II This project is enhancing the performance of capillary New York State Police, Forensic Investigative Unit electrophoresis instruments for forensic investigations Captain Gerald M. Zeosky by improving buffers and coatings for capillary columns, $197,000 enhancing injection methods, and improving sample 1998ÐIJÐCXÐA051 stacking methods. The data generated by these This award supports the continuation of the Teleforensic developments will help to elucidate the mechanisms Demonstrations in the laboratory and at the Mock-Crime responsible for capillary failure. Scene. Development of Rapid, Immobilized Probe Assay for DNA 5-Year Plan the Detection of mtDNA Variation Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute Chip-Based Genetic Detector for Rapid Kathleen H. Hogue Identification of Individuals $355,589 Nanogen, Inc. 1996ÐIJÐCXÐ0028 Tina Nova This study is developing a simple and rapid method for $799,692 typing mitochondrial DNA sequence variation using 1997ÐLBÐVXÐ0004 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. This This award continues development of a highly method, called the “reverse dot blot” technique, is based discriminating, rapidly processing microchip and on the analysis of PCR-amplified DNA using microchip analysis device capable of forensic DNA immobilized sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes. analysis using the FBI’s CODIS (Combined DNA Index System)-approved short tandem repeat (STR) Discrimination of Forensic Glasses via Trace DNA markers. Element Analysis by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry Database With 5,000 New Human mtDNA Sequences U.S. Department of Energy, Lockheed Martin Energy Federal Bureau of Investigation Research, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Joseph DiZinno Scott A. McKenney $300,000 $158,942 1999ÐLTÐVXÐA100 1997ÐMUÐMUÐA077 The Federal Bureau of Investigation will develop and The U.S. Department of Energy is refining and analyze 1,500 mitochondrial DNA profiles from a demonstrating trace element analysis by inductively sample of 5,000 individuals, thereby leveraging coupled plasma mass spectrometry in order to provide a resources within the FBI to help State and local DNA higher level of discrimination for glass samples. labs. The DNA Commission Development of DNA-Based Identification U.S. Department of Justice, Executive Office for U.S. Techniques for Forensic Entomology, Phase 2 Attorneys University of AlabamaÐBirmingham Roslyn Young Jeffrey Wells $105,800 $115,366 1999ÐIJÐCXÐA033 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0034 23

This grant provides NIJ with Assistant U.S. Attorney Validation of PCR-Based DNA Typing Databases for Christopher Asplen, who will continue to serve as the Forensic Use executive director of the DNA Commission. University of TexasÐHouston Ranajit Chakraborty Evolution of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms $96,704 (SNP’s) for Human Identification Use 1996ÐIJÐCXÐ0023 University of TexasÐHouston This project is developing automated methods of David N. Stivers multilocus genotype-frequency computations for $103,056 PCR-based DNA testing, which will allow crime 1998ÐLBÐVXÐ0010 laboratories to check DNA allelic independence within The statistical properties of SNP’s are being studied to and among loci, study DNA allele frequency similarity develop measures to estimate a DNA profile when the and dissimilarity between populations, and estimate the markers used may be genetically linked. degree of kinship between individuals within databases.

Forensic DNA Typing Using High-Performance DNA Laboratory Improvement Program Liquid Chromatography American University The following awards represent an ongoing NIJ effort to Cathy Samuels enhance the DNA analysis capabilities of State and local $54,996 crime laboratories across the country. Projects focus on 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0033 installation and upgrade of laboratory equipment, New protocols are being created for the analysis of implementation of a national DNA database, development forensic DNA markers using a simple, standard method of faster methods of DNA typing, and training for of biochemical analysis, high-performance liquid analysts. chromatography, to produce a result in under 30 minutes. Development of a Database to Help in Solving Sexual Assault Cases for Which There Is No Suspect Identification and Analysis of Polymorphic Alu North Louisiana Criminalistics Laboratory Repeats Patrick W. Wojtkiewicz Louisiana State University Medical Center, School of $136,855 Dentistry 1999ÐDNÐVXÐ0015 Mark Batzer The North Louisiana Criminalistics Laboratory is $257,534 developing a database of local arrestees and nonsuspect 1999ÐIJÐCXÐK009 sexual assault cases that can be linked to the national This project is identifying and characterizing 20 to 40 CODIS database. new polymorphic Alu insertions and developing a corresponding PCR multiplex appropriate for forensic Development and Implementation of West Virginia evidence samples. The chromosomal location of these STR CODIS Database markers is being identified and the geographic Marshall University Research Corporation distribution of the new markers discovered as an Terry W. Fenger indication of the ethnicity of the sample. $2,000,000 1998ÐDNÐVXÐK001 Microdevice for Automated, Ultra-High-Speed, and This grant enables West Virginia to establish a statewide Portable DNA Forensics DNA STR database to be implemented and maintained Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research by the Marshall University CODIS Laboratory in Daniel J. Ehrlich collaboration with the West Virginia State Police. $899,110 1998ÐLBÐVXÐK022 DNA Data Bank of Convicted Felons for Specified This project is developing a miniaturized gel Crimes in Puerto Rico electrophoresis system on a silica microchip for typing Institute of Forensic Sciences forensic DNA markers (STR’s) that will be up to a Lyvia A. Alvarez hundred times faster than other such devices. $407,048 1999ÐDNÐVXÐ0005 24

A newly established laboratory is purchasing equipment, Equipment and Training for DNA Evidence Analysis supplies, and staff training in DNA STR analysis Charlotte, City of methods, developing and evaluating databanking Roger Thompson procedures, and starting operation of the FBI’s CODIS $43,800 database. 1997ÐIJÐCXÐ0016 The Charlotte-Mecklenburg Police Department Crime DNA Improvement Project Laboratory is developing its local DNA typing Wisconsin Department of Justice capabilities by implementing DNA STR analysis. Jerry Geurts $660,760 Establishment of DNA PCR/STR Analysis Facility 1999ÐDNÐVXÐ0016 With CODIS Site The Wisconsin Crime Laboratory System is expanding Baltimore, City of its DNA STR analysis capabilities to facilitate Edgar F. Koch information sharing through CODIS. $271,128 1999ÐDNÐVXÐ0008 DuPage County Forensic DNA Laboratory This award is establishing a DNA testing facility with Improvement Program STR analysis capability in the Baltimore City Police DuPage (Illinois) County Sheriff’s Department Department Laboratory Division. Douglas Saul $72,473 Expand Felon DNA Databank Program for State of 1999ÐDNÐVXÐ0004 Alabama This award funds the purchase of DNA STR equipment Alabama Department of Forensic Sciences and supplies that will enhance the capabilities of the Elaine Scott DuPage County Crime Laboratory for casework and for $247,300 CODIS database testing. 1998ÐDNÐVXÐ0021 This award supports the Alabama Department of Enhancement of the DNA/CODIS Program in the Forensic Sciences in the development, evaluation, and Utah Bureau of Forensic Services implementation of efficient, cost-effective methods of Utah Department of Public Safety Criminalistics collection and storage of felon samples; and in the Laboratory implementation and evaluation of rapid, reliable STR Pilar Shortsleeve technology for analysis of felon and forensic casework. $117,805 1999ÐDNÐVXÐ0011 Expansion of DNA Services A comprehensive State database of convicted offenders North Carolina Department of Justice is being created by the Utah Bureau of Forensic Services Mark S. Nelson through analysis of backlogged and newly submitted $493,180 offender samples for CODIS and for regular and 1999ÐDNÐVXÐ0002 systematic analysis of nonsuspect cases. The North Carolina State Bureau of Investigation is expanding its convicted offender DNA STR database Enhancement of STR Capabilities through the purchase of a second FMBIO II analysis New Hampshire Department of Safety instrument and the analysis of 8,000 offender samples by Melisa A. Weber an outside contractor to reduce the backlog and increase $44,123 the number of CODIS “hits.” 1999ÐDNÐVXÐ0006 The New Hampshire State Police Forensic Laboratory is Expansion of Statewide DNA Typing Capabilities implementing DNA STR testing capabilities by Colorado Bureau of Investigation purchasing CODIS hardware and software, obtaining Kevin Humphreys STR kits for validation studies, and training analysts in $269,932 STR analysis methods. 1999ÐDNÐVXÐ0014 The Colorado Bureau of Investigation is expanding its DNA STR analysis capabilities to provide more efficient statewide user services on more types of cases, including 25

those without suspects. The expansion will reduce the Improvement and Expansion of the Pennsylvania current backlog of DNA samples and facilitate State Police DNA Laboratory information sharing through CODIS. Pennsylvania State Police Christine S. Tomsey Forensic DNA Laboratory Expansion $302,016 St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department 1999ÐDNÐVXÐ0001 Harold R. Messler This award continues support for the Pennsylvania State $141,009 Police, which is developing and analyzing STR’s on 1999ÐDNÐVXÐ0012 convicted offender samples for the State database, The St. Louis (Missouri) Metropolitan Police expanding STR testing for casework and nonsuspect Department is expanding its capacity for DNA STR cases in the Bethlehem and Greensburg DNA testing and for participation in CODIS through the laboratories, and updating the CODIS database purchase of both hardware and software. equipment in the Bethlehem laboratory.

Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program: Increasing DNA Sample Throughput: Enhanced Implementation of STR Analysis Specimen ID and Processing Coupled With STR Harris County (Texas) Medical Examiner’s Office Analysis Joseph Mathew Vermont Department of Public Safety $124,090 Eric Buel 1999ÐDNÐVXÐ0013 $60,000 The Harris County Medical Examiner’s Office DNA 1997ÐDNÐVXÐ0007 Laboratory is establishing STR capabilities both to This supplemental award continues studies of capillary expand its DNA services to the 75 law enforcement electrophoresis for DNA analysis, and it validates and agencies served in and around the county and to implements STR analysis for casework and offender facilitate participation in CODIS. database testing using the CODIS core loci.

Improvement of Capability to Analyze DNA Kansas Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Services Program Deanne F. Dabbs Kansas Bureau of Investigation $250,000 Sidney Schueler 1998ÐDNÐVXÐ0018 $201,672 This award enables the Virginia Department of Criminal 1997ÐIJÐCXÐ0015 Justice Services to purchase additional equipment and This award continues support for implementation of supplies to expand its Division of Forensic Science STR typing techniques that will provide better laboratories. information to criminal investigators and will allow Kansas to participate in the CODIS database. Activities Improvement and Expansion of Forensic DNA include STR training for laboratory staff, supplies for Analysis STR validation studies, and STR analysis of backlogged Philadelphia Police Department offender samples. Thomas Banford $193,266 Louisiana State Police DNA Analysis Improvement 1999ÐDNÐVXÐ0009 Program DNA typing capabilities are being expanded and Frank L. Tridico improved in Philadelphia through implementation of $259,895 STR analysis in casework, purchase of equipment and 1997ÐDNÐVXÐ0012 supplies, training of analysts, and coordination with the This supplemental award to the Louisiana State Police Pennsylvania State Police to develop a statewide focuses on conversion from silver staining to strategy for sharing DNA data. higher throughput, semiautomated STR technology using the 13 CODIS core loci, STR training for analysts, equipment procurement and validation, and protocol development. 26

Massachusetts State Police/Boston Police DNA North Dakota Department of Health Crime Laboratory Improvement Project Laboratory Division DNA Project Massachusetts State Police North Dakota Department of Health Carl M. Selavka Hope R. Olson $387,930 $33,858 1997ÐDNÐVXÐ0015 1998ÐDNÐVXÐ0030 This award enables the State of Massachusetts to This award is assisting the North Dakota Department of acquire DNA testing equipment, validate restriction Health’s Crime Laboratory Division with establishment fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and polymerase of DNA testing capabilities in the State laboratory and chain reaction (PCR) methods, train analysts, generate a of a database of convicted sex offenders. population database of DNA profiles, purchase commercial proficiency tests, and commence DNA Northern Illinois Police Crime Lab Forensic DNA testing of casework and convicted offender samples. Analysis Program Northern Illinois Police Crime Laboratory Montgomery County Police Department Reena Roy DNA/Serology Laboratory Project $171,218 Montgomery County Department of Police 1998ÐDNÐVXÐ0011 Richard P. Gervasoni This award enables the Northern Illinois Police Crime $76,682 Laboratory to begin typing the 13 core loci specified for 1999ÐDNÐVXÐ0003 the FBI’s CODIS and provides the hardware, software, This award funds the purchase of DNA STR kits and and training necessary to implement CODIS in the lab to laboratory supplies and CODIS hardware, which will complement the existing State network. allow the laboratory to reanalyze unsolved cases from the past 10 years and to be networked into the FBI’s Offender Core Loci Analysis Program CODIS database. Indiana State Police Paul B. Misner Nebraska DNA Identification Laboratory II $202,032 Nebraska State Patrol 1999ÐDNÐVXÐ0007 John Dietrich The Indiana State Police is hiring a subcontractor to $95,031 complete analysis of Indiana’s backlog of 17,000 1997ÐDNÐVXÐ0002 convicted offender DNA samples using all core loci This supplemental award continues development of required for CODIS. DNA analysis capability in Nebraska, purchase of laboratory equipment, training for serologists, and Ohio Statewide Consortium DNA Grant coverage of expenses associated with the implementation Ohio Attorney General Bureau of Criminal of DNA technology in forensic cases. Identification & Investigation Roger Kahn New York Statewide Integrated DNA Program $375,155 New York State Division of Criminal Justice Services 1997ÐDNÐVXÐ0009 Kenneth J. Konzak Funding for analyst training, laboratory equipment and $600,000 supplies, and facilities renovations is being provided to 1997ÐIJÐCXÐ0021 11 crime laboratories in Ohio to upgrade the level of This supplemental award supports continued expansion service and begin testing of nonsubject cases. of DNA testing to cover a wider geographic area within New York State and provide faster service; full Phoenix Police Department DNA Analysis implementation of STR technology, including the 13 Enhancement Program CODIS core loci; and procurement and installation of Phoenix Police Department CODIS equipment in all DNA labs throughout the State. Susan D. Narveson $344,000 1999ÐDNÐVXÐ0017 The Phoenix (Arizona) Police Department Laboratory Services Bureau is purchasing laboratory equipment and 27

supplies to expand STR testing capabilities, providing the validation of STR methodologies and to facilitate the analyst training and education, and outsourcing analysis exchange of information with other law enforcement of backlogged nonsuspect casework samples. agencies through CODIS participation.

Prince George’s County Police Department ◆ Less-Than-Lethal Incapacitation DNA/Serology Laboratory Project Prince George’s County Government Applicability of Nonlethal Weapons Technology in Michael Ricucci Schools $56,137 DynMeridian Corporation 1998ÐDNÐVXÐ0028 Michael Heaney This award supports enhancement of the capabilities of $80,846 the Prince George’s County Police Department 1999ÐLTÐVXÐK023 DNA/Serology Laboratory. The county is providing Researchers are studying the applicability of less-than- training in and validation and implementation of STR lethal technology in school settings to determine whether analysis methods, establishing aquality assurance these operational approaches could make a significant program, and integrating the laboratory into the FBI’s and cost-effective contribution to the safety and security CODIS database. of U.S. schools.

Rhode Island Forensic DNA/Robotics Laboratory Biomechanical Assessment of Nonlethal Weapons Improvement Project Wayne State University Rhode Island Department of Health Cynthia Bir David B. Uliss $49,935 $128,649 1998ÐLBÐVXÐK017 1999ÐDNÐVXÐ0010 This project will establish the probability of injury when The State of Rhode Island is upgrading its capabilities a person is hit in the face with a blunt-impact projectile. by automating the preparation and analysis of convicted offender and population database samples, upgrading its Biomechanical Assessment of Nonlethal Weapons CODIS hardware and software, and training analysts. Wayne State University Cynthia Bir South Carolina State DNA Offender Database $148,447 Program 1998ÐLBÐVXÐK017 South Carolina Law Enforcement Division This project will validate a biomechanical surroge to Matthew G. Fitts determine probability of injury when a person is hit in $3,000,000 the chest with a blunt-impact projectile. 1997ÐDNÐVXÐ0006 The South Carolina Law Enforcement Division is ◆ Communication and Information upgrading its DNA laboratory facilities, computer Technologies systems, and testing equipment to accommodate increased case and sample volume. Analysts are being Adaptive Surveillance: A Novel Approach to Facial trained in STR technologies and validation studies, and Surveillance for CCTV Systems backlogged offender samples are being profiled and Visionics Corporation entered into the FBI’s CODIS. Kirsten Rudolph $246,146 Validation and Implementation of PCR-STR 1999ÐLTÐVXÐK020 Analysis and CODIS Site Establishment A robust surveillance software program using real-time Baltimore County Police Department face recognition technology is being developed to Karen L. Irish improve the signal-to-noise ratio of video faces and $56,181 thereby minimize the effect of lighting, shadows, pose, 1998ÐDNÐVXÐ0015 and viewing condition on facial recognition This award supports improvement and expansion of the performance. capabilities of the Baltimore County Police Department’s forensic laboratory to conduct DNA testing by expediting 28

Advanced Generation of Interoperability for Law COPLINK—Database Integration and Access for a Enforcement (AGILE) Law Enforcement Intranet U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory Information Tucson, City of Directorate Jennifer Schroeder Jack Mineo $230,176 $1,591,950 1997ÐLBÐVXÐK023 1999ÐLTÐVXÐA034 The Tucson Police Department and the University of The U.S. Air Force is developing a systems integration Arizona have formed a partnership to conduct research method linking ALERT technology, the Alexandria on integrated justice information database and Mobile Computing Project, Hand Held Units, and other management, secured Intranet server and transaction departmentwide strategies to create a seamless processing, and cost-effective graphical remote communications infrastructure and perform criminal information access functions. The goal is to improve intelligence and operations information needs analysis. criminal justice database access using affordable, state-of-the-art technologies. AGILE Executive Forum Coordination International Association of Chiefs of Police Development of a Voice Translator for School Police G. Matthew Snyder Language Systems Inc. $49,875 Christine Montgomery 1999ÐLTÐVXÐK012 $150,000 The International Association of Chiefs of Police is 1999ÐLTÐVXÐK025 providing support to the AGILE (Advanced Generation Software is being developed to capture the context of of Interoperability for Law Enforcement) Executive speech onto electric forms. The software will Forum, a group of experts from a variety of public incorporate CopTrans, a prototype voice translation service agencies, which is exchanging information on system that translates English into Spanish or the evolving technology acquisition, development, and reverse. deployment and on technology interoperability issues. Establish and Publish a Suite of Very Narrow Band Bringing the Dispatcher to the Scene With Panoramic 6.25 KHz Standards Imaging and Remote Video Transmission Association of Public Safety Communications Officials InterScience, Inc. International, Inc. Jeffrey Beckstead Craig M. Jorgensen $72,850 $100,000 1999ÐIJÐCXÐK020 1997ÐLBÐVXÐK002 This project is developing a functional, car-top panoramic This award supports the second phase of the Association imager for law enforcement applications and a detailed of Public Safety Communications Officials International design of a remote digital video recorder and transmitter project to create and publish a suite of very narrow band capable of operating over cellular or radio communication 6.25 KHz standards and wideband, high-speed, radio channels. frequency mobile data network standards.

Central New York Law Enforcement Network Innovative Spatial Phase Video Sensor Enhancements Air Force Research Laboratory Information Photon-X Directorate Blair Barbour Jack Mineo $74,625 $1,000,000 1999ÐLTÐVXÐK016 1999ÐIJÐCXÐA043 This award is demonstrating the utility of an innovative This award helps acquire the necessary information polarized video sensor that will enhance the collection technologies to enable the modernization of the of information by law enforcement agencies by computer/communications infrastructure of the criminal improving current video sensor deficiencies in areas justice community of central New York. such as biometrics (facial recognition); low-light-level TV; shadow penetration; surveillance, reconnaissance, 29

and security; crime scene forensics; drug trafficking; and utilization of surveillance technologies to enhance border patrol. school security.

Law Enforcement Data Mining Using the ◆ Training and Simulation Baltimore/Washington High-Intensity Drug Technologies Trafficking Area University of MarylandÐCollege Park Explosives Detection and Remediation Research and Thomas H. Carr Evaluation $1,421,816 U.S. Department of Defense, Office of Special 1999ÐLTÐVXÐK010 Technology Using data mining-based analytical tools developed for Jeffrey David the intelligence community, this project uses the $1,510,000 University of Maryland’s Baltimore/Washington High- 1997ÐDTÐCXÐA068 Intensity Drug Trafficking Area program as an initial This award will provide funding for the following test site in the management of large volumes of data projects: Chemical Individual Sampler, Chemical/ conversion and the development of a full-text search and Biological (C/B) Containment and Mitigation of C/B retrieval system. Countermeasures, Explosive Ordinance Demolition Suit, and Exploration of New C/B Defense Technologies. Real-Time Computer Surveillance for Crime Detection Incident Command Operations Exercise University of MarylandÐCollege Park U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command Analysis Larry Davis Center $124,229 Mel Parish 1999ÐLTÐVXÐK019 $30,000 This project is developing and demonstrating a real-time 1999ÐLTÐVXÐA057 visual surveillance system for 24-hour-a-day, 7-day-a- This award helps provide simulation support for San week monitoring of the campus recycling station. The Bernardino County Sheriff’s Department Operations system uses high-quality video to acquire pictures of Center Command and Control Exercise using Janus, a faces and license plates and to alert campus police to high-resolution simulation used within the existing illegal activity. program of instruction of the Sheriff Department’s Incident Command operation class. Software Radio Interoperation Device Vanu, Inc. Kentucky Advanced Technology Tools for Law Andrew Beard Enforcement $291,469 Eastern Kentucky University 1999ÐLTÐVXÐK009 Pamela Collins A prototype programmable software radio device is $1,250,000 being designed and tested to allow law enforcement and 1999ÐLTÐVXÐK006 other public safety officials to interoperate efficiently This project is developing computer-based training and effectively regardless of radio system compatibility. modules that provide an alternative to classroom training. Course topics include the collection of DNA Surveillance Tools for Safer Schools evidence, officer ethics, school safety, and survival Indiana UniversityÐIndianapolis Spanish. Herb Blitzer $399,916 Law Enforcement Technology Dissemination and 1999ÐLTÐVXÐK011 Training The Institute for Forensic Imaging, in coordination with Eastern Kentucky University the Naval Surface Warfare Center, is developing James Thurman improved tools, systems concepts, and methods for $288,417 1999ÐLTÐVXÐK002 30

This project brings State and municipal law enforcement Body Cavity Screening System officers from across the country to participate in Quantum Magnetics, Inc. classroom and practical bomb crime scene analysis Peter Czipott training. $266,984 1998ÐDTÐCXÐK005 National Assessment of Technology and Training for Quantum Magnetics’ development of a body screening Law Enforcement device to detect contraband in the pelvic body cavities Eastern Kentucky University of prisoners is continued with this supplemental award, Pamela Collins which funds design of a chair-configured system. $300,000 1999ÐLTÐVXÐK022 Demonstration and Assessment of Chemical Agent This two-phase project is conducting a comprehensive Detector national survey to assess training needs of small-town Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority and rural law enforcement agencies. This project also Barry J. McDevitt will assess a mobile interactive simulation training $150,000 system for law enforcement. 1999ÐDTÐCXÐA032 This award funds the demonstration and assessment of a Training Technology Development and chemical agent detector in an underground metro Implementation station. The detector employs surface acoustic wave U.S. Department of Defense, Naval Air Warfare Center technology. Janet Weisenford $629,250 Demonstration of a Concealed Weapons Detection 1997ÐIJÐCXÐA042 System Using Electromagnetic Resources This award allows the Department of Defense to AKELA, Inc. continue the planning and execution of “Technologies Allan R. Hunt and Training for Public Safety in the 21st Century,” the $298,995 additional contract management and administrative 1997ÐIJÐCXÐK013 functions associated with the Law Enforcement AKELA’s development of a concealed weapons detector Instructional Training Information System and the Force that uses radar to record resonant response is continued Protection Equipment Demonstration, and the additional by this supplemental award, which supports various technical support for training and simulation technology changes that will improve performance in the development and implementation. operational environment and limited field testing.

◆ Counterterrorism Technologies Standards for X-Ray Systems for Bomb Disarmament Advanced Technology Needs for Countering Department of Defense, Office of Special Technology Terrorism James Lawrence Potomac Institute for Policy Studies $40,000 Dave Siegrist 1999ÐDTÐCXÐA068 $10,000 The Department of Defense is developing and upgrading 1999ÐDTÐCXÐK002 the standards needed to develop and test technologies to Exercise scenarios, or wargames, involving terrorist use better enable law enforcement to combat terrorism. of biological weapons are being developed to document the potential impact of emerging technologies on countering bioterrorism, to evaluate the cost-to-benefit ratio of selected technologies, and to inform technology developers of new products or changes in products recommended by exercise participants. 31

◆ Program Assessment, Policy, and This award continues the support to NIJ by the OLES in Coordination the development of law enforcement standards.

Assessment of Explosively Formed Penetrator Systems Engineering and Technical Assistance (Flying Plate) Support to NIJ U.S. Department of the Navy, Naval Surface Warfare U.S. Department of Defense, Intelligence Systems Center Support Office Marc Magdinec John B. Salvatori $105,848 $2,182,956 1997ÐDTÐCXÐA074 1996ÐLBÐVXÐA038 The Department of the Navy is developing the Flying The Department of Defense is providing program and Plate Explosive Disrupter for an operational evaluation technical management, program planning and oversight, to be performed by the user community. systems engineering and technical evaluation, and administrative support for current and proposed Joint Program Steering Group Projects at programs. Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center, Charleston Technology Assessment Program U.S. Department of the Navy, Space and Naval Warfare U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Systems Center, Charleston Standards and Technology, Office of Law Enforcement Jerry A. Koenig Standards (OLES) $2,327,000 Kathleen M. Higgins 1997ÐIJÐCXÐA013 $364,000 This award provides for the continued support of 1994ÐIJÐCXÐA004 technology initiatives undertaken by the Department of This award provides funding to NIST to continue to Defense/Department of Justice Joint Program Steering provide technical assistance and support for projects Group to include research and development of conducted by the OLES. technology for use in a corrections environment, an ◆ electronic crime (cyberterrorism) study, interoperability Technology Assistance system developments and assessments, concealed weapons detection and through-the-wall surveillance Technology Assistance, General program support, development of improved listening and recording devices, and refinement of a successful Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology and prototype information sharing architecture. Policy Liability Assessment SEASKATE, Inc. Law Enforcement/Corrections Technology and E.A. Burkhalter, Jr. Policy Assessment $259,719 SEASKATE, Inc. 1996ÐLBÐVXÐK006 E.A. Burkhalter, Jr. This supplemental award continues support for a task $486,212 force that is providing recommendations on how legal 1996ÐMUÐMUÐK016 liability can be minimized through training, policy This supplemental award continues support for an directives, and other means. executive-level technical and policy panel that is addressing a broad range of law enforcement Law Enforcement Technology Dissemination technology-related issues. Eastern Kentucky University Tom Thurman Office of Law Enforcement Standards $124,619 National Institute of Standards and Technology, Office 1999ÐDTÐCXÐK001 of Law Enforcement Standards (OLES) Eastern Kentucky University is making archival copies Kathleen M. Higgins of the FBI’s Bomb Data Center technical bulletins, $1,350,548 which contain critically important information for bomb 1999ÐIJÐCXÐA094 technicians, bomb investigators, and other safety personnel, universally available on a CD-ROM. 32

Sandia National Laboratories Test Facility to NIJ’s Office of Science and Technology for the 1999 U.S. Department of Energy, Sandia National Corrections Technology Institute. Laboratories Debra D. Spencer National Law Enforcement and Corrections $350,000 Technology Centers (NLECTC) 1997ÐLBÐVXÐA004 The U.S. Department of Energy continues to support NIJ’s National Law Enforcement and Corrections Sandia National Laboratories’ testing and evaluation of Technology Centers (NLECTC) offer centralized law enforcement and corrections equipment as requested sources of product and technology information, by NIJ. Includes developing a test-bed design and assessment, and referral services to law enforcement, evaluation for the AGILE program. corrections, and other criminal justice professionals. The awards in this group continue the operation of NLECTC Technology Conference Support to provide support through information and technologies Center for Technology Commercialization, Inc. both as outreach and general support activities. James Scutt $39,992 Border Research and Technology Center 1999ÐLTÐVXÐK021 U.S. Department of Energy, Sandia National The Center for Technology Commercialization provides Laboratories a variety of support services, including site selection, Chris Aldridge travel arrangements, development and distribution of $924,000 promotional materials, and identification of potential 1999ÐLBÐVXÐA031 speakers and exhibitors, to NIJ for a conference and and exhibition on incident response, including U.S. Department of the Navy, Space and Naval Warfare counterterrorism, school safety, and forensics. Systems Center, San Diego John Bott Technology Information Exchange for State and $814,299 Local Law Enforcement 1996ÐIJÐCXÐA036 International Association of Chiefs of Police Jerry Needle National Center NLECTC $199,998 Aspen Systems Corporation 1999ÐLTÐVXÐK004 Dave Hart This award supports the collection of evaluation and $2,954,684 testing methodologies that State and local law 1996ÐMUÐMUÐK011 enforcement agencies use to make equipment purchases; development and pilot testing of a training program on Northeast Region NLECTC police liability avoidance through technology; design of Air Force Research Laboratory Information a prototype database to collect and analyze data on Directorate police pursuits; and general support for NIJ’s annual John Ritz technology conference. $1,780,000 1996ÐIJÐCXÐA032 Working With Technology in Corrections American Correctional Association Rocky Mountain Region NLECTC William Taylor University of DenverÐColorado Seminary $75,000 Robert Epper 1996ÐLBÐVXÐK004 $2,395,083 This supplemental award supports four tasks: 1996ÐMUÐMUÐK012 completion of two prototype distance-learning lesson plans on pepper spray and riots and disturbances; Southeast Region NLECTC development of an electronic newsletter that functions as U.S. Department of the Navy, Space and Naval Warfare a corrections technology forum; preparation and Systems Center, Charleston distribution of a conference summary for the Working Steve Morrison With Computer Technology conference; and assistance $150,000 1996ÐIJÐCXÐA010 33

and This supplemental award continues support for Ultimate South Carolina Research Authority Enterprises Limited to provide assistance to NIJ as a Tommy Sexton liaison with the Law Enforcement Support Offices, $2,018,637 Defense Logistics Agency, and offices of the Secretary 1997ÐMUÐMUÐK020 of Defense and Department of the Army on policy and procedural matters regarding the transfer of Federal Western Region NLECTC property for use by law enforcement and corrections Aerospace Corporation agencies. Robert Waldron $1,641,735 Victimization and Victim Services 1996ÐMUÐMUÐK006 Criminal Victimization of Parolees: Effects & Governance & Technology Delivery Processes for Failures NLECTC and Its User Communities Pennsylvania State University Pymatuning Group, Inc. Barry Ruback Ruth M. Davis $284,739 $379,000 1999ÐVFÐGXÐ0010 1998ÐLBÐVXÐ0001 This project is investigating whether parolees have This award continues support for demonstrations of different victimization rates from the general population, innovative financing mechanisms that can be used to whether victimization is related to offending, and if so, provide practitioners with law enforcement and whether the relationship is mediated by processes such corrections technology products. This award also as protection of self-image, search for equity, distress, or includes assessments and program development support tangible need. The project also is exploring whether of various NIJ research, development, testing, and contextual factors affect the relationship between evaluation programs. victimization and offending.

Oak Ridge National Laboratory Technical Support Effects of Prosecutorial Policies on Victim U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge National Empowerment & Outcomes Laboratory Georgia State University Research Foundation Donna Phillips Mary A. Finn $32,780 $230,945 1998ÐLBÐVXÐA075 1999ÐWTÐVXÐ0008 This award provides NIJ with a technical support An evaluation of no-drop prosecutorial strategies is manager and the technical resources of Oak Ridge being conducted to assess court outcomes, including National Laboratory in support of NIJ/OS&T deterrence to prosecuted batterers; victim empowerment, technology projects and the NLECTC system. self-efficacy, and subsequent incidences of domestic violence; and acts of batterer retaliation and reductions Operation of the Office of Law Enforcement in rates of victims reporting domestic violence incidents Technology Commercialization to the police. Wheeling Jesuit University Carole Coleman Extending Findings From Repeat Victimization: $2,800,000 The Nexus 1998ÐIJÐCXÐK002 Police Executive Research Forum This award continues support for the identification of Deborah Lamm Weisel new technologies and the creation of new partnerships $199,445 for developing safe, effective, and affordable products 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0046 for law enforcement and corrections use. Analysts are studying the incidence, scope, and time course of repeat victimization in diverse places to Support for NIJ Surplus Property Program demonstrate the pervasiveness of this phenomenon and Ultimate Enterprises Limited to devise a model that police can easily replicate to Bill LeGro develop targeted interventions that reduce overall rates $245,760 of crime. 1996ÐLBÐVXÐK002 34

National Impact Evaluation of Victim Service This research is exploring the intergenerational Programs connections between family violence and crime, Urban Institute investigating the sequencing of mental illness and Martha Burt criminal and violent behavior in adolescents and young $799,990 adults, and examining the influence of urban and rural 1999ÐWTÐVXÐ0010 contexts on these relationships. This national evaluation of victim service programs funded by the STOP (Services Training Officers Nonfatal Workplace Violence Epidemiology: Risk Prosecutors) Violence Against Women Formula Grants Factors Program during fiscal years 1995Ð98 is examining the University of NebraskaÐLincoln diversity of programs funded; the community and State David O’Neil Washington contexts in which these programs operate; and the effect $15,000 the programs have on services, community context, and 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0062 victim outcomes. This study is investigating incidents of workplace violence in Lincoln, Nebraska, to determine whether National Study of Procedures Undertaken After an violent incidents that occurred in the Midwest parallel Institution of Higher Education Receives a Report of national trends, whether specific cues, such as prior Campus Sexual Assault mental health problems, were present, and whether Education Development Center, Inc. nonintimate perpetrators inflicted more intense violence Debra Whitcomb on their victims than domestic perpetrators. $574,818 1999ÐWAÐVXÐ0008 ◆ Violence Against Women and Family The Education Development Center, Inc., the University Violence of Cincinnati, and the Police Executive Research Forum are collaborating to study the procedures undertaken by Battered Women, Battered Children institutions of higher education after they receive a Education Development Center, Inc. report of campus sexual assault. Debra Whitcomb $191,504 Victims With Disabilities 1999ÐWTÐVXÐ0001 National Academy of Sciences This project is identifying efforts around the country to Faith Mitchell address the co-occurrence of domestic violence and $170,000 child abuse, examining existing prosecution policies and 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0031 practices, and documenting promising interventions and The National Research Council’s Committee on Law services for affected families. and Justice is conducting a study of crimes against individuals with developmental disabilities, including Beliefs & Perceptions About Domestic Violence: risk factors associated with victimization, the justice The Effects of Individual, Contextual, and system’s response to such crimes, and the feasibility of Community Factors establishing a centralized computer database on the State University of New YorkÐAlbany incidence of such crimes. Alissa P. Worden $29,506 Violence 1998ÐWTÐVXÐ0018 Researchers are interviewing approximately 1,200 ◆ Violence, General people from six sites in New York State to gather descriptive information about attitudes, values, and Childhood Antecedents of Adolescent & Adult Crime perceptions regarding domestic violence. & Violence New York State Psychiatric Institute Change and Associated Treatment Outcomes in Patricia Cohen Assaultive Men $242,973 Southern Methodist University 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0029 Christopher Eckhardt $225,564 1999ÐWTÐVXÐ0012 35

Researchers are studying the characteristics of men, This project is exploring the relationship between including psychological distress and relationship welfare and domestic violence and the impact that disturbances, who have been referred to batterer alternative economic resources have on the ability of a intervention programs by the Dallas County (Texas) woman to leave an abusive relationship. Domestic Violence Court, the stages of change, and subsequent attrition and recidivism rates to determine Evaluating the Domestic Violence Enhanced the relationship among them. Response Team Program in Colorado Springs 21st Century Solutions Child Custody & Visitation When Father Batters Craig Uchida Mother $25,114 New England Research Institutes, Inc. 1998ÐWEÐVXÐK010 Allison Morrill This research involves a process evaluation of the $249,963 Colorado Springs, Colorado, Domestic Violence 1999ÐWTÐVXÐ0013 Enhanced Response Team, a comprehensive, systemic Researchers are assessing the impact of two aspects of approach to curtailing domestic violence. the Model Code provisions regarding child custody and visitation: the presumption against custody or primary Evaluating Domestic Violence Programs in Clinton residence being awarded to a perpetrator of domestic County violence, and safety accorded to the child and battered Plattsburgh State University parent and judicial knowledge of these issues. Lynda Ames $71,317 Community Partnership Models Addressing Violence 1999ÐWEÐVXÐK010 University of Texas Health Science Center at San An evaluation is being conducted in Clinton County Antonio (New York) of the Domestic Abuse Reduction Team, an Rachel A. Rodriguez interdisciplinary group of representatives from the $236,136 probation office, the district attorney’s office, and 1999ÐWTÐVXÐ0011 domestic violence service agencies, to explore ways This project compares a grassroots and an agency-based team members can refine their practices and to study the model for domestic violence outreach and education local community’s reactions to domestic violence. among migrant and seasonal farmworker women and describes their decision to use the criminal justice Evaluation of a Coordinated Response to Domestic system. The goal is to explore the cultural implications Violence of the women’s use of the criminal justice system and to San Diego Association of Government identify the services battered women want. Susan Pennell $7,978 Domestic Violence and Child Aggression 1998ÐWTÐVXÐK014 University of Houston This research is evaluating the San Diego Sheriff’s Renee McDonald Department’s efforts to centralize domestic violence $249,961 cases in one detective unit; train deputies; and improve 1999ÐWTÐVXÐ0009 victim safety through the use of cell phones, body alarm The primary goal of this research is to refine the current devices, and audiovisual surveillance. understanding of the nature and limits of the relation between children’s exposure to domestic violence and Evaluation of Grants to Encourage Arrest Policies children’s aggressive behavior, while controlling for the for Domestic Violence independent effects of factors such as gender and Iowa Department of Corrections ethnicity. Roxann M. Ryan $71,076 The Effects of Welfare Recipiency on Domestic 1999ÐWEÐVXÐK011 Violence The results of two domestic violence programs— University of Minnesota the Protective Order Enforcement Team and the Samuel L. Myers Domestic Assault Response Team—are being compared $119,450 to determine the effectiveness of each approach and to 1999ÐWTÐVXÐ0003 36

develop a quality-of-life scale that can be used by Investigating the Roles of Context, Meaning & agencies funded through the Violence Against Method in Violence Against Women Women Act. Georgia State University Research Foundation Sarah Cook Evaluation of a Multisite Demonstration for $358,194 Enhanced Judicial Oversight 1999ÐWTÐVXÐK008 Urban Institute Researchers are comparing 29 measurement instruments Adele Harrell used in research on violence against women, assessing $499,954 the use of computer-based data collection techniques in 1999ÐWTÐVXÐK005 this type of research, and developing a new model of An intensive court-based approach to managing victimization based on two population groups: incarcerated domestic violence cases is being evaluated to determine women in prison and poor urban women in nonemergency whether strong judicial oversight of domestic violence health care clinics. offenders, together with extensive graduated sanctions for offenders and comprehensive services for victims, Mandatory Custody Mediation reduces recidivism, increases the defendants’ and San Diego State University Foundation system’s accountability, and enhances victim safety. Dennis Saccuzzo $249,913 Examination of Developmental Antecedents Among 1999ÐWTÐVXÐ0015 Blacks Researchers are comparing violent and nonviolent Wichita State University families to determine how factors affecting child Jana L. Jasinski adjustment including spousal adjustment, coparent $13,387 relationship, parent-child relationship, and child 1998ÐWTÐVXÐ0017 characteristics affect custody and visitation outcomes This supplemental award continues research examining and the extent to which battered women are exposed to the developmental antecedents of violence against such dangers as unsupervised child exchanges. women, particularly changes in patterns of violence against African American, Caucasian, and Hispanic National Evaluation of the STOP (Services Training women. Officers Prosecutors) Formula Grant Program Urban Institute Exposure to Family Violence and Adjustment in Martha Burt Correctional Institutions $95,999 University of MarylandÐCollege Park 1995ÐWTÐNXÐ0005 Angela R. Gover This award supports the ongoing evaluation activities $15,000 funded under the law enforcement and prosecution areas 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0051 of the Violence Against Women Act, including the This study is examining the impact of exposure to range of programs supported, outcomes and family violence on juveniles’ levels of anxiety, accomplishments of grantees, grantee planning and depression, and psychological adjustment to correctional implementation efforts, strategies for documenting long- institutions over time. term impacts, and impact on system change and underserved populations. Impact Evaluation of STOP Grant Programs for Reducing Violence Against Women Native American Women’s Safety and the Criminal University of Arizona Justice System Eileen M. Luna Minnesota Program Development, Inc. $10,992 Thomas Peacock 1998ÐWTÐVXÐK010 $190,050 This supplemental award continues a study of the 1999ÐWTÐVXÐK006 effectiveness of American Indian domestic violence This study is examining how Native American women’s programs, including the overall impact of the Violence safety is affected by responses from the non-Native Against Women Act STOP grants in tribal communities, criminal justice system by investigating how the efficacy of a domestic violence task force and other misdemeanor assaults involving Native American coordinated community responses, and possible women are processed and the outcomes. improvements to such programs. 37

Next Millennium Conference: Ending Domestic and services for domestic violence victims—which are Violence part of a larger project to encourage the arrest of Chicago Abused Women Coalition domestic violence perpetrators. Vickii Coffey $50,000 Responding to Domestic Violence in Southern Illinois 1999ÐWTÐVXÐ0002 Southern Illinois University This award supports a national conference on domestic Joan McDermott violence to be held in fall 1999 in Chicago, Illinois. $74,999 Participants will address current and future issues that 1999ÐWEÐVXÐK006 impact domestic violence advocacy, services, programs, A process evaluation is being conducted of a program research, and public policy. funded by the Violence Against Women Act that encourages pro-arrest policies. The goal is to document Partners’ Drug & Alcohol Use, Mediating Factors, & the project’s history, analyze the quality of its Violence Against Women interagency collaborations, and identify research issues University of Oklahoma, Health Sciences that affect the safety of victims of domestic violence Center on Child Abuse and Neglect living in Carbondale, Illinois. Nancy Nisbett $186,752 Sacramento Batterer Treatment Experiment: 1999ÐWTÐVXÐK003 Stage II Data This study of intimate partner violence against women is California State UniversityÐSacramento exploring the relationship between women’s and men’s Carole Barnes alcohol and illegal drug use and the frequency and $130,000 severity of assaults and injuries. Mediating factors such 1999ÐIJÐCXÐK021 as age, marital status, socioeconomic status, power This award extends an evaluation of an early issues, and childhood exposure to violence are being intervention that provides domestic violence education analyzed. and drug treatment to domestic violence arrestees before they go to court. The award provides longer, more Protection of Women: Health and Justice Outcomes extensive interviews with batterers and victims, more (Phase 2) extensive official record followup, 1-year followup with University of Washington batterers, and urine testing of batterers. Marsha Wolf $250,000 Social and Neighborhood Risks of Violence Toward 1999ÐWTÐVXÐ0014 Women A second-year followup study is being conducted with Columbia University domestic violence victim participants in the original Jeffrey Fagan Protection of Women: Health and Justice Outcomes $114,909 Study to determine the nature of subsequent contacts 1999ÐWTÐVXÐ0005 with the abuser; assess perceptions of safety, physical This study is examining the spatial distribution of lethal health, and emotional well-being; and update and nonlethal domestic violence; estimating information on legal matters and use of community neighborhood risk factors for different social groups; resources. comparing neighborhood risks for particular forms of violence, especially domestic and nondomestic violence; Researcher-Practitioner Partnership and exploring temporal trends of violence against Pennsylvania State University women in an urban setting. Jennifer A. Mastrofski $17,854 Understanding the Link Between Violence Against 1999ÐWEÐVXÐ0032 Women and Women’s Subsequent Criminal Behavior This award continues an evaluation of four target University of IllinoisÐChicago areas—personnel training; tracking and monitoring Beth Richie using a systemwide, interagency database; safety audit; $186,012 1999ÐWTÐVXÐ0006 38

This study explores the relationship between violence This supplemental grant continues a study that is against women and women’s involvement in illegal examining how police departments deal with the issue of activities leading to incarceration. The analysis focuses gun flow to youth, how departments might utilize on types of and differences in victim-perpetrator information in new and perhaps more productive ways, relationships, the consequences of violence, and the and what additional information is needed to handle this relationship between multiple forms of abuse. problem.

Violence and Threats of Violence Against Women in The Situational Role of Firearms in Violent America Encounters Center for Policy Research University of NebraskaÐOmaha Patricia G. Tjaden Mary Laura Farnham $12,000 $23,455 1993ÐIJÐCXÐ0012 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0004 Through this award, NIJ and the Centers for Disease This study of recently incarcerated male offenders Control and Prevention jointly support ongoing analysis sentenced to the Nebraska Department of Corrections of the National Violence Against Women Survey results is examining the types of guns that were owned and and continued development and dissemination of carried prior to incarceration, where and why the summary reports of the findings. offender’s most recent gun was obtained, and incidents in which the offender was either involved in or avoiding Women’s Experience With Violence physical confrontations and violence. Memphis State University Phyllis Betts Youth $338,448 1999ÐWTÐVXÐ0007 ◆ Youth, General The relationship between sexual violence and other forms of victimization is being explored through this Childhood Victimization and Delinquency study of the Memphis Sexual Assault Resource Center, Washington Department of Social and Health Services the effectiveness of its strategies, and the types of Diana J. English interventions that increase convictions and decrease $11,581 revictimization. 1997ÐIJÐCXÐ0017 ◆ Designed to extend previous studies that connected Firearms child abuse and delinquency, this study is examining a different time period, geographic area, and ethnic Developing Problem-Solving Interventions population, comparing different types of maltreatment Harvard University to the later development of violent criminal behavior, Mark Moore and exploring whether out-of-home placement mediates $293,245 the criminal consequences of abuse and neglect. 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0015 This project investigates the structure and dynamics of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in the illicit firearms markets in Boston (including sources of United States, Mexico, and Canada firearms and paths of trafficking), analyzes computer University of Pennsylvania maps to determine clusters of gun problems and the Richard Estes dispersion patterns of traffickers, and suggests problem- $232,089 solving interventions to reduce the supply ofguns to 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0030 criminal consumers. Investigators are studying the prevalence and causes of child sexual exploitation in the United States, Canada, Evaluation of the Youth Firearms Violence Initiative and Mexico and the modes of operation of adult Abt Associates Inc. criminal networks. Findings will be used to help law Marianne Beauregard enforcement, human service, and other officials $299,981 strengthen their ability to protect children. 1995ÐIJÐCXÐ0069 39

Competence-Related Abilities of Juveniles Evaluation of the Youth Curfew in Prince George’s University of South Florida County, Maryland Jenine C. Boyd Urban Institute $14,010 Caterina Gouvis 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0003 $49,765 This study is comparing the competence of juveniles 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0008 prosecuted in criminal court to adult pretrial defendants An evaluation of youth curfew is being conducted to in the areas of understanding, appreciation, and determine whether violent victimization of youth reasoning and examining the relevance of developmental decreases and how the spatial dynamics of youth immaturity as a basis for evaluating competence to victimization change. proceed to trial in criminal court. Juvenile Accountability Incentive Block Grant Comprehensive Overview of Community Youth Program Sanctioning Models Abt Associates Inc. Florida Atlantic University Dale Parent Mara Schiff $499,838 $179,626 1999ÐJRÐVXÐK006 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0060 This award extends the national process evaluation of This project is examining various restorative conferencing the Juvenile Accountability Incentive Block Grant models in use as nonadversarial sanctioning process Program. The project is documenting how the Program alternatives in the United States through a national was administered, how grants were used by State and survey, site visits, focus groups, and interviews. Program local recipients, types of programs funded, access to profiles and an evaluation protocol are being developed. training and technical assistance, and practitioners’ and policymakers’ attitudes toward the Program. Dreams, Drugs, and Gangs Vera Institute of Justice, Inc. Network Approach for Understanding Adolescent Pedro Mateu-Gelabert Delinquency $48,786 Pennsylvania State University 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0024 Dana Haynie This ethnographic study of first- and second-generation $18,774 immigrant youth in a Dominican neighborhood in New 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0022 York City is exploring the relationship between Using data from the Adolescent Health Survey, immigration and youth violence, including the amount researchers are investigating the specific ways in which of violence youth encounter as witnesses, victims, and peer groups influence delinquency, how these processes perpetrators; the relationship between patterns of change as adolescents undergo developmental changes, violence and family and neighborhood organization; and how the school context both affects delinquent and circular migration, levels of acculturation, and behavior and moderates the relationship between peer coping strategies. group characteristics and adolescent delinquency.

Effect of Juvenile Justice System Processing Process and Outcome Evaluation of Prosecutorial University of ColoradoÐBoulder Waiver to Criminal Court in Virginia David Huizinga Caliber Associates $174,121 Gerald M. Croan 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0037 $180,827 Investigators are analyzing data from two ongoing 1999ÐJRÐVXÐ0003 longitudinal research projects in Denver, Colorado, and This research is investigating local patterns of juvenile Bremen, Germany, to examine the effect of juvenile violent crimes, use of the juvenile transfer, and their justice processing on subsequent juvenile delinquency relationship through an examination of community risk and adult criminality. factors, considerations of prosecutors and judges when transferring juveniles to adult courts, and differences in sentences in adult versus juvenile court. 40

A Prospective Study of Serious Adolescent Offenders ◆ Gangs University of Pittsburgh Edward P. Mulvey Evaluation of G.R.E.A.T. (Gang Resistance $368,176 Education and Training) 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0053 University of NebraskaÐOmaha This award begins a longitudinal study of 1,200 Finn Esbensen adolescents to determine the impact of life events and $216,990 other mediating factors on different subgroups of 1994ÐIJÐCXÐ0058 offenders and the effect of different interventions and This supplemental award supports an ongoing sanctions on patterns of pro- and antisocial behavior, longitudinal evaluation of the Gang Resistance mental health, psychological development, and social Education and Training (G.R.E.A.T.) program, a functioning. school-based gang prevention curriculum taught by law enforcement officers. Prospective Study of Serious Delinquency in Adolescent Girls Gangs in Rural America Harvard University Illinois State University Dawn A. Obeidallah Ralph Weisheit and Edward Wells $49,958 $68,208 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0040 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0036 This study is exploring the precursors to adolescent This study is documenting the origins, nature, extent, females’ serious antisocial behavior, including depression, and special features of American rural gang problems peers, and neighborhood characteristics, and examining and comparing trends over time. how changes in levels of family violence and supervision predict girls’ subsequent antisocial behavior. Police Problem-Solving Strategies for Dealing With Youth & Gang-Related Firearms Violence Social Capital and Young At-Risk African American Rand Corporation Males Peter Greenwood Rutgers State University of New Jersey $249,991 Joseph Richardson 1998ÐIJÐCXÐ0043 $15,000 This grant supports RAND’s work with several 1999ÐIJÐCXÐ0056 agencies, including police, probation and parole, This study examines the relationship among social prosecutor, and U.S. attorney, on a 2-year study to capital (positive resources that contribute to the develop and test strategies for reducing youth and prevention of delinquency), resilience, and delinquency gang-related gun violence. among African American males. Emphasis will be placed on the most critical sources of social capital family, community, and peer group embedded in the urban landscape of this population.

Youth-Police Interaction and the Implication for Co-Production of Safety in Chicago Chicago Alliance for Neighborhood Safety Warren Friedman $40,000 1998ÐIJÐCXÐ0077 This study is investigating changes in youth attitudes toward the police between 1993 and 1999 to examine whether youth-police interactions have improved since the launching of the Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy. 41

Index

Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring Program, 9 Interoperability, 18, 28Ð29, 31 Bioterrorism, 30 Investigative and Forensic Sciences, 20Ð29 Boot Camps, 3 Juveniles, 3Ð7, 9Ð13, 34, 36, 38Ð40 Child Maltreatment, 34, 37 Law Enforcement Officer Family Support, 17 Communications and Information Technologies, 27Ð29 Less-Than-Lethal Incapacitation, 20, 27 Community-Based Programs, 9 Mental Illness, 3, 10, 34, 36 Community Corrections, 3Ð5 National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Community Justice, 4Ð5 Centers, 32Ð33 Community-Oriented Policing, 14Ð17, 40 Native Americans, 3, 6, 9, 36 Community-Oriented Policing Technology, 20 Officer Protection Technologies, 18Ð20 Community Safety Law, 6 Organized Crime, 14Ð15 Concealed Weapons Detection Technology, 20, 30Ð31 Parole/Probation, 3Ð5, 10Ð13, 18, 33 Corrections, 3Ð4, 7, 10 13, 18, 30Ð32 Policing, 15Ð17, 37 Corrections Officer Family Support, 17 Policing Technology, 18Ð20, 27Ð29, 31Ð32 Counterterrorism, 4, 30 Prison Privatization, 3Ð4 Courts, 4Ð5, 18, 39 Prosecution, 4Ð5, 18, 33, 36, 39 Crime Mapping, 5Ð6, 8, 17, 20, 37 Public Opinion, 5, 18Ð19, 34 Crime Prevention, 5Ð7, 8 Racial Disparity, 16, 18 Crime Prevention Technology, 18Ð20 Researcher-Practitioner Partnerships, 3, 5, 7, 28, 37 Criminal Behavior, 5, 6, 8, 10, 35, 37 Residential Substance Abuse Treatment, 10Ð13 DNA Identification, 20, 22Ð27 Restorative Justice, 39 Domestic Violence, 33, 34Ð38 Rural Crime, 5Ð6, 30, 40 Drug Abuse, 7Ð13 Schools, 6, 18Ð20, 27, 29 Drug Court, 4Ð5 Sentencing, 3Ð6, 18, 39 Drug Markets, 7Ð8 Sexual Assault, 7, 23, 34, 38 Drug Testing, 8Ð9 Strategic Approaches to Community Safety Initiative, Drug Treatment, 5, 7Ð13 6Ð7 Drugs and Crime, 5, 6, 7Ð9, 10Ð13, 37, 39 Technology Assistance, 31Ð32 Electronic Crime, 31 Technology Development, 18Ð32 Family Support, 17Ð18 Technology Program Assessment, Policy, and Family Violence, 33, 34Ð38, 40 Coordination, 31 Firearms, 20Ð21, 38, 40 Teleforensics, 22 Forensic DNA Laboratory Improvement Program, 23Ð27 Telemedicine, 4 Forensic Sciences, 20Ð27 Training and Simulation Technologies, 20, 29Ð30 Gambling, 9 Vehicle-Stopping Technology, 19Ð20 Gangs, 39Ð40 Victimization/Victim Services, 33Ð34, 36, 39 Human Trafficking, 14Ð15 Violence, 6, 8, 15, 34Ð38 Information Dissemination, 14, 21, 32 Violence Against Women, 6, 34Ð38 Information Systems, 5, 14Ð15, 18Ð29, 31 Youth, 3Ð7, 9Ð13, 34, 36, 38Ð40 International Crime Studies, 4, 13Ð15, 38 International Training and Technical Assistance, 14