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Subject to Change Subject to Change His Majesty the King, Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck and Her Majesty the Queen, Gyaltsuen Jetsun Pema Wangchuck His Royal Highness the Gyalsey, Jigme Namgyel Wangchuck His Holiness the Je Khenpo, Trulku Jigme Choedra PREFACE Central Monastic Body and Centre for Bhutan studies and Gross National Happiness Research (CBS and GNHR) are delighted to welcome you to the International Conference on Tradition and Innovation in Vajrayāna Buddhism: A Mandala of 21st Century Perspectives in Thimphu, Bhutan. This document presents objectives, abstract and profile of speakers. The conference organizers received 106 abstracts from various speakers of which 59 abstracts were accepted in line with the objectives of the conference. All abstracts submitted for the conference went through a rigorous review and selection process. The papers presented at the conference will be published later in proceedings. We appreciate the dedicated involvement of Ian Baker, a board member of the International Society for Bhutan Studies (ISBS), for leading the review process and editing the abstracts. More than 400 participants from abroad are registered for the scholarly conference, making this one of the major event of this kind in Bhutan. The convening of this conference enables us to auspiciously receive a number of great spiritual leaders and scholars in Bhutan, establish contacts and start a rich dialogue for furtherance of the relevance of Buddhist in the 21st century. For us in Bhutan, it is a highly symbolic year to initiate this broader dialogue. We celebrate this year as the 400th year of the Founding Process of the nation by Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyel, the birth anniversary year of Guru Rinpoche Padmasambhava. Above all, the birth of His Royal Highness the Gyalsey, Jigme Namgyel Wangchuck, on 5th February 2016, emblazons the year as very historic one for Bhutan. This conference has shaped successfully because of the guidance and support from the highest authorities since its inception in early 2015. The Central Monastic Body and the Centre of Bhutan Studies submit our deepest gratefulness to His Revered Majesty for his blessing of this joint initiative. Equally, His Holiness the Je Khenpo and Their Eminences Lopens of the Central Monastic Body have provided their wise counsel, direction and material support in the preparation of the conference. His Revered Majesty the King of Bhutan is increasingly seen as the Buddhist King in the eyes of the whole Buddhist World because the leadership, polity and people in Bhutan have always been Buddhist since the dawn of its history. More than any previous rulers and Kings of Bhutan, His Revered Majesty’s reign witnesses the most critical attempt to harmoniously blend development with spirituality and values as the pace of globalization gathers in Bhutan. This conference is but a tiny event to keep catalyzing the thriving practice of dharma in Bhutan, and all over the Buddhist world, under his visionary leadership. The Central Monastic Body and Centre of Bhutan Studies owe a great deal as always to the Hon’ble Prime Minister of Bhutan, Tshering Tobgay. His unstinting and decisive support for the conference not only reveals his spiritual temperament, but his unquestionably broader view that the severe challenges of humanity requires tapping into spiritual traditions. In fact, not only regular conference among Vajrayana students, Hon’ble Prime Minister feels that a Centre of Vajrayana Dialogue with 21st century should be established to institutionalize it. Background and objectives Background and Objectives This international conference in the Himalayan Kingdom of Bhutan was initiated by the Central Monastic Body and the Centre for Bhutan Studies & GNH Research (CBS & GNHR). CBS &GNHR is an institute dedicated to promoting His Majesty the Fourth King, Jigme Singye Wangchuck’s development philosophy of Gross National Happiness and conducting multidisciplinary research about Bhutan. The conference will illuminate issues of continuity and change within both historical and contemporary expressions of Vajrayāna Buddhism. As a textual tradition, Vajrayāna, or Tantric Buddhism developed in India from the 8th century onward as a creative response to changing socio-cultural conditions, building on earlier traditions of spiritual practice. Vajrayāna subsequently shaped the art, culture, and consciousness of much of Asia, and especially the Himalayan regions of Tibet, Nepal, Sikkim, and Bhutan. Vajrayāna continues to evolve today, although the culturally creative processes through which this occurs have not been explored from within the tradition until this inaugural conference. ‘Tradition and Innovation in Vajrayāna Buddhism’ will explore the dynamism of transmission as Vajrayāna engages the challenges and opportunities of the 21st century. Speakers range from Bhutanese and Tibetan lineage holders to neuroscientists, academics, and international scholar-practitioners who have adapted Tantric Buddhism’s methods of individual and collective transformation to the emerging technologies, priorities, and social concerns of the contemporary world. The three-day series of talks and presentations will address Vajrayāna’s dialogue with 21st century medicine and science as well as its current and historical interface with the visual and performing arts. Presentations will emphasize Vajrayāna’s long history of creative adaptation within wider processes of continuity and change and the current globalization of Himalayan Buddhist culture. The conference will specifically address the role of body-mind yogic practices within Vajrayāna Buddhism and their applicability within an increasingly transcultural and technologically driven world. Academic conferences typically provide opportunities for scholars to share their current research with university colleagues. The inaugural ‘Tradition and Innovation in Vajrayāna Buddhism’ conference differs in that it offers a chance for leading intellectuals and practitioners to discuss their 1 International Conference on Tradition and Innovation in Vajrayāna Buddhism Background and objectives perspectives with a wider international audience and, specifically, to share knowledge with representatives of Vajrayāna culture in the last remaining Himalayan Buddhist Kingdom. The conference format will thus promote an engaging exchange of ideas towards a deeper appreciation of Vajrayāna’s evolving role in 21st century global society. The conference is structured on the interconnected categories of View, Practice, and Application and explores emerging models of Vajrayāna within traditional Bhutanese culture as well as internationally in regard to Tantric Buddhism’s deep history of creative adaptation to changing social and cultural contexts. The conference is open to the general public and promotes an empowering exchange of ideas and perspectives for enriching Vajrayāna Buddhist culture and its global trajectories. 2 International Conference on Tradition and Innovation in Vajrayāna Buddhism Abstracts and profiles Day 1: July 1, 2016 Historical and Contemporary Perspectives on Vajrayāna Buddhism Empowerment, Oral Transmission, and Verbal Instruction in Vajrayāna Buddhism His Eminence Lopön Kinley Biographical Profile His Eminence Lopön Kinley is a Dorji Lopön, one of the five ‘precious learned masters’ (lopön) in Zhung Dratshang, the Central Monastic Body, next to His Holiness the Je Khenpos in their work on behalf of all beings. The Legacy of the Je Khenpos: Bhutan's Supreme Religious Authorities Venerable Uzin Kunzang Thinley Biographical Profile Venerable Uzin Kunzang Thinley is the Abbot at Tango University. Maintaining the Purity of Vajrayāna in an Era of Rapid Social Change Sakya Khenpo Jamyang Lekshey The teachings of the Secret Mantrayana,̄ or Vajrayanā tradition have spread throughout the modern world, but this popularity has come at a high price. Whereas in older times great hardships were undertaken to receive these teachings and preserve their purity, the transmission of Vajrayanā has now become diluted and corrupted. Often treated as a commodity, spiritually unprepared students often fail to appreciate the profound nature of these teachings and are unable to maintain the sacred commitments or samayas 3 International Conference on Tradition and Innovation in Vajrayāna Buddhism Day 1: Friday, July 1, 2016 that enable the successful accomplishment of the practice, thus contributing to Vajrayana's̄ general decline. In a fast changing world, it is essential that all who value the Vajrayanā tradition for what it is do everything in their power to restore and preserve its purity in order to pass it down to future generations while adapting to the requirements of modern times. Biographical Profile Sakya Khenpo Jamyang Lekshey is abbot of Sakya Centre, a Buddhist monastic institute in Dehra Dun, India, established by His Holiness Sakya Trizin, the supreme head of the Sakya order of Tibetan Buddhism. During his tenure, he established the Sakya Nunnery and Sakya Hospital in India; Sakya Thupten Ling in the United Kingdom; Sakya Drogon Ling in Spain; and Sakya Dhar Khab Ling in Chez Republic. His principal teachers are H.H. Sakya Trizin and H.E. Luding Khen Chen Rinpoche. His previous teachers include the late H.H. Penor Rinpoche, H.H. Trushik Rinpoche, H.E. Chogye Trichen Rinpoche, and H.E. Kalu Rinpoche. What is Vajrayāna, where did it come from, and where is it going? Dr. Geoffrey Samuel Vajrayāna Buddhism most likely originates in the complex religious and political milieu of early mediaeval
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