Isiolo County Action Plan to Counter Violent Extremism

ISIOLO COUNTY ACTION PLAN ON PREVENTION AND COUNTERING VIOLENT EXTREMISM(ICAP P/CVE) 2018 - 2022

ISIOLO COUNTY ACTION PLAN ON PREVENTION AND COUNTERING VIOLENT EXTREMISM(ICAP P/CVE) 2018 - 2022 Isiolo County Government Isiolo County Commissioners’ Office DAI NIWETU Isiolo Peace Link

EDUCATION

VISION

A just society where communities 12 PILLARS co-exist peacefully

WOMEN MISSION To promote synergies and

12 PILLARS accountability among various state

MEDIA AND ONLINE and non-state actors in enhancing security of Isiolo County.

COUNTY AND NATIONAL GOVERNMENT RELATIONSHIP

STRATEGIES Acknowledgements

The Isiolo County Governor H.E Mr. Mohamed convened through the support of the Public Intentional Abdi Kuti, the Isiolo County Commissioner Mr. Law and Policy Group (PILPG) under the leadership of John Ondego, Isiolo Peace Link (IPL) through its Madam Atieno Odhiambo, the Chief of Party. We ac- Executive Director Madam Abdia Mohamud and knowledge the admirable dedication of Mr. Peter Kemei, Malaika Foundation through its chairperson Dr. Assistant County Commissioner, to this cause. He coordi- Steve Ouma Akoth thank the residents of Isiolo nated the ICAP process on behalf of the County Commis- County for their participation and dedication to sioner’s office. the development of the Isiolo County Action Plan On Prevention And Countering Violent Extremism We further express our gratitude to Isiolo County Secre- (ICAP P/CVE). tary, Mr. Ahmed Galgalo, Senator Fatuma Dhulo, Mem- bers of the National Assembly for Isiolo North and South, The ICAP P/CVE was the idea of IPL and the for- Hon.Hassan Odha and Hon. Abdi Koropu respective- mer County Commissioner of Isiolo, Mr. George ly, Isiolo County Woman Representative, Hon. Rehema Natembeya. Such a great idea would not have Jaldesa, the entire Isiolo County security team and Fron- moved forward without the personal intervention of tier Counties Development Council (FCDC) chairman Dr. Amb. Martin Kimani, the Director of the Na- Mr. Mohamed Guleid. tional Counter Terrorism Centre (NCTC) and special Counter Violence Extremism (CVE) envoy. He Additionally, more gratitude goes to the Isiolo North Sub personally encouraged the County Commissioner, County Administrator Mr. Adan Haro Denge, Isiolo South IPL and Malaika Foundation to commence the pro- Sub County Administrator Mr. Osman Halakhe, County cess that has finally generated this action plan. Coordinator in the office of Isiolo Woman Representative Mr. Idris Golicha and Isiolo County Assembly Speaker Since the commencement of this initiative, the Head Hon. Hussein Golicha Roba. of the Devolution Unit at NCTC Mr. Njenga Mii- ri has devoted his time and supported the process We also extend our gratitude to Members of County As- with a lot of dedication to ensure its success. The sembly (MCAs), especially the dedication and commit- initial stakeholders’ meetings and more so those ment from Wabera MCA Hon Abdi Duba, Chief Officer with religious leaders, Councils of Elders, women of County Peace Cohesion and Inter-Governmental Rela- and youth-led institutions and justice actors were tions Mr. Patrick Lenawasae.

5 ISIOLO COUNTY ACTION PLAN ON PREVENTION AND COUNTERING VIOLENT EXTREMISM(ICAP P/CVE) 2018 - 2022

We cannot forget to mention Cohesion Officer Golo Adan, Others include Dr. Steve Ouma Akoth and Mr. County Civic Education Department led by Mr.Yus- Japheth Oluoch Ogola from Malaika Foundation, suf Huka and Zeituna Abdulkadir, Peace Corps Brigade Abdia Mohamud and Mr. Guyo Haro Wario of Isi- Leader Inspector Marin Bundi, Interfaith and Wom- olo Peace Link, advocate David Lekona and Amani en of Faith Networks, Council of Imams and Madrassa Club coordinators for both the primary and post- Teachers, Isiolo Council of Elders, Nomadic Women For primary schools Mr. Halkano Dida Jattani and Ms. Sustainable Development(NOWSUD), Merti Integrated Winfred Wanja Mwongera. Further gratitude goes Development Program, Isiolo Gender Watch, Isiolo Merti to NIWETU Isiolo Office through the Program -De and Garba Tulla Sub County Peace Committees, Nation- velopment Officer Mr. Ibrahim Shabo and Commu- al Youth Council, Youth For Humanity and Isiolo Nasib nity Mobilization Officer Mr. Hassan Guyo Bagaja. Youth. We are highly indebted to the staff of IPL, Civil Peace Service Advisors, Mr. Tim Bunke, Hussein We too offer our gratitude to Isiolo Professional’s body led Mursal, Eric Dennis Muthomi, Hussein Abdi Ab- by advocate David Lekona and the media fraternity. We dullahi, Emma Abong Akai, and Abdi Kadhar Hus- also appreciate the technical support offered by NCTC. sein. This process would not have been successful without the financial support from DAI’s Kenya Ni Wajibu Wetu (NI- Finally, we highly appreciate the role played by WETU) project. Building Resilience in Civil Societies (BRICS) Luqman Ahmed and Aisha Mohammed. Doreen We wish to recognize the following for their active role in Yvonne Kamau and Sarah Muthoni Gichu of drafting and editing the ICAP: Isiolo County Commis- Malaika Foundation worked very hard behind the sioner – Mr. John Ondego and Assistant County Commis- scenes to ensure that the ICAP was completed suc- sioner Mr. Geofrey Wangilla, Commissioner Njenga Miiri, cessfully. David Agwayo and Irene Tulel of NCTC.

6 Acronyms

ACT! Act Change and Transform BRICS Building Resilience in Civil Societies CIDP County Integrated Development Programme CSOs Civil Society Organizations CVE Counter Violent Extremism EWAVE Early Warning Against Violent Extremism FBOs Faith Based Organizations FCDC Frontier Counties Development Council FGDs Focused Group Discussions GDCAP Guide to Developing County Action Plan GoK Government of Kenya ICAP CVE Isiolo County Action Plan to Counter Violent Extremism ICG Isiolo County Government ISIS Islamic State of Iraq and Syria NCTC National Counter-Terrorism Centre NGOs Non-Governmental Organizations NSCVE National Strategy to Counter Violent Extremism NPS National Police Service PCVE Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism PESTLE Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal and Environmental factors SALW Small Arms and Light Weapons SCPCs Sub County Peace Committees SWOT Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats VE Violent Extremism

7 ISIOLO COUNTY ACTION PLAN ON PREVENTION AND COUNTERING VIOLENT EXTREMISM(ICAP P/CVE) 2018 - 2022

Definition of Terms

Where applicable, some of these definitions have been adopted from the National Strategy to Counter Violent Ex- tremism.

Advocacy These are activities which will be undertaken during the Action Plan implementation

process to influence policies that support CVE initiatives

Alternative Narratives Development of narratives which neutralize those being advanced by extremist and

extremist organizations

Countering Violence These are activities which the Action Plan has proposed to reduce the number of

Extremism people who are sympathetic to violence extremist groups in Isiolo County.

Capacity Building Providing the community with skills which enable citizens to empower themselves

economically socially and politically hence reducing their attraction to violent

extremist ideologies.

De-radicalization Refers to concerted efforts directed at radicalized individuals to cause them to change

their views, to reject violent extremist ideologies and to seek to act within Kenya’s

legal and constitutional bounds

8 Dialogue Engaging the community to openly discuss issues which affect them and reach amicable solutions without resorting to violent extremist approaches.

Disengagement Refers to individuals deserting, defecting or demobilizing from terrorist groups and activities.

Engagement This is reaching out to the community and encouraging them to participate in decision- making processes which prevent them from joining violent extremist groups.

Lobbying These are efforts aimed at influencing duty bearers to make laws, policies or decisions which favour positions that respond to the needs of the community.

Mobilization Activities aimed at empowering the community to come out and participate in an event or take a position that is deemed beneficial to the entire community.

Monitoring Periodic assessment of project activities to ensure that they are being implemented according to the plans and that the desired results are being achieved.

Outreach This is a collection of different activities such as training, community visits and other engagements aimed at mobilizing the community towards common approaches to addressing issues which affect the community.

Radicalization Is a gradual or phased process that employs the ideological conditioning of individuals and groups to socialize them into violent extremism, and recruitment into terrorist groups and campaigns.

Rehabilitation It is a process that aims at disengaging and de-radicalizing violent extremists and terrorists particularly returnees from Al -Shabaab and like groups, ensuring that they are given the counselling, critical reasoning tools, and knowledge to shift their mind– set and enable them to be peaceful and law-abiding citizens.

Reintegration Refers to actions that support the social, ideological, psychological and economic wellbeing of rehabilitated individuals as they return to live with their families and communities to ensure that they remain peaceful and law-abiding in the long run.

9 ISIOLO COUNTY ACTION PLAN ON PREVENTION AND COUNTERING VIOLENT EXTREMISM(ICAP P/CVE) 2018 - 2022

Resilience Ability of an individual or a community to overcome harsh conditions which they face and adapt to them.

Strong Citizenship An understanding of our values and attitudes and their impact on our beliefs and actions. It’s also about the recognition of our individual and collective strengths and challenges towards creating a strong city and a shared vision of the future and the roles, responsibilities and impacts we have on making it a reality.

SWOT Analysis Analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of Isiolo County.

Terrorism According to the Prevention of Terrorism Act 2012 (POTA), a ‘terrorist act’ means an act or threat of action –(a)which – (1)involves the use of violence against a person ;(ii) endangers the life of a person other than the person committing the action ;(iii) creating a serious risk to the health or safety of the public or a section of the public ; (iv) results in serious damage to property ;(v) involves the use firearms or explosives ;(vi) involves the release of any dangerous ,hazardous , toxic or radioactive substance or microbial or other biological agent or toxin into the environment ;( vii) interferes with an electronic system resulting in the disruption of the provision of communication ,financial transport or other essential services ;(viii) interfacing or disruption of the provision of essential or emergency services ;(ix) prejudices national security or public safety ; and (b)which is carried out with the aim of –( i) intimidating or causing fear amongst members of the public or a section of the public ;or (ii) intimidating or compelling the Government or international organization to do or refrain from the act; or (iii) destabilizing the religious ,political constitutional ,economic, or social instructions of a country, or an international organization .

Terrorist groups Are typically structured as revolutionary organisations which employ violence intended to broaden their ideological indoctrination and mass mobilization.

Theory of change This is a comprehensive description and illustration of how and why a desired change is expected to happen in a particular context.

Violent Extremism Refers to radicalized individuals who are prepared to engage in, or actively support acts of violence and furtherance of radically liberated undemocratic political system or ideologies.

10 Table of Contents

Acronyms 7

Foreword 12

Foreword 14

Foreword 16

Background And Use Of The County Action Plan 18

Executive Summary 20

Chapter One 24

Chapter Two 28

Chapter Three 36

Chapter Four 42

11 ISIOLO COUNTY ACTION PLAN ON PREVENTION AND COUNTERING VIOLENT EXTREMISM(ICAP P/CVE) 2018 - 2022

Foreword

Message from the Office of Governor, Isiolo County

The County of Isiolo is home to Kenyans of all walks of life. Many transit through the County while others have The County Government of Isiolo settled and call it home. This is one source of pride for all recognizes that the war against terror of us, which we have protected over the years. It is also a pride that encourages dialogue and peaceful co-existence and the associated phenomenon such as among the communities. However, this pride has been dis- radicalization and violent extremism rupted in the past by cases of insecurity. We have had to require more than our security forces. It deal not only with the ordinary petty crimes but also large also requires us to offer opportunities for scale fear that young men and women from our society are dialogue and economic prosperity. being radicalized and enticed to join terror cells. The County Government of Isiolo recognizes that the war against terror and the associated phenomenon such as radicalization and violent extremism require more than our security forces. It also requires us to offer opportunities for dialogue and economic prosperity. That is why our County Integrated Development Plan (CIDP) has taken into account interventions intended to prevent our young people from leaving Isiolo to join terror cells. We have also provided opportunities for working with the National government to rehabilitate and integrate back to our society the young men and women who may have joined these terror cells.

We are happy to have been part of developing this County Action Plan and pledge to work with all the stakeholders involved to implement it. It is our hope, In shaa Allah, that through the ICAP, we shall all contribute and make it hard for the terror cells to recruit young men and women. We also hope that our youth and society at large shall gain

12 more trust in our systems of governance and make use of them to express their issues rather than joining radicalized groups and turning into extremists. The County government will continue to initiate development programmes that give hope and opportunities to our youth.

Finally, on behalf of the County Government of Isiolo, I wish to thank all the stakeholders who contributed to the development of this County Action Plan. I recognize that stakeholders in achieving the dreams and the aspi- development of the ICAP is actually the easier part. The rations of the ICAP. real work begins now and I invite all the stakeholders and friends of Isiolo County to support us in this. Implement- Thank you ing this ICAP will require massive resources as has been indicated in the report but through our collective support, H.E Mohammed Kuti we shall be able to overcome this constraint. Governor of Isiolo County The County government is open to partnering with all the

13 ISIOLO COUNTY ACTION PLAN ON PREVENTION AND COUNTERING VIOLENT EXTREMISM(ICAP P/CVE) 2018 - 2022

Foreword

Message from the Office of County Commissioner, Isiolo County

Ultimately, the success of implementing tors. This is why the ICAP has 12 pillars, with security be- the ICAP will depend on the participation ing just one of them. Therefore, I invite all the stakeholders, most of who have been listed in the ICAP, to identify of the entire community including those pillars that relate to their programmes and concen- individuals and families. trate on them to bring desirable results.

No single actor is able to implement the ICAP comprehen- sively and when different actors play their roles and share The development of ICAP is a major milestone to- available resources collectively, implementation will be wards addressing the threat of radicalization and very effective. County Engagement Forum (CEF), which I violent extremism in Isiolo County and the entire shall co-chair with the Governor, will ensure that we coor- region. The 9 pillars of the National Strategy to dinate and harmonize P/CVE interventions in the county Counter Violent Extremism and the additional 3 of Isiolo. pillars, which address issues specific to Isiolo Coun- ty, provide us with a framework to address what I wish to reiterate that our role as leaders will be to coordi- leads our young men and women in the County to nate the process and provide guidance. Ultimately, the suc- embrace violent extremist ideologies. cess of implementing the ICAP will depend on the participation of the entire community including individuals and It’s important to note that the County security team families. The parents and teachers who spend most of the and other stakeholders such as the County Govern- time with our children will have the ultimate responsibility ment, the elders, religious leaders and the civil soci- of ensuring that this Action Plan will help to address rad- ety among other actors continue to do a lot of work icalization and violent extremism in learning institutions. to prevent and counter violent extremism in Isiolo The relationship between the national government and County. The ICAP, therefore, has come to har- the County government will be instrumental in creating monize our interventions and ensure that all CVE an enabling environment for implementing the ICAP. This activities are well coordinated to avoid overlapping is why the pillar on County and national government rela- and duplication. tionship is very important to us.

I recognize that the problems of radicalization and I appeal to the young people to consider this Action Plan violent extremism are not purely the domain of the as their own. Peace and security in the county will depend county security agencies. We are just one of the ac-

14 on how the youth respond to it. The ICAP has provided an expansive organogram, with space for everyone especially the young people, to participate effectively. The Action Plan has adopted a bottom-up approach with the family being the smallest unit of organisation. Finally, I appeal to our development partners to join The Nyumba Kumi initiative will oversee activities at the us in mobilizing resources that will enable us to im- neighbourhood levels and coordinate with the location lev- plement this 5-year ICAP. el. The next level of organisation will be at the sub-county level and ultimately at the County level through the CEF. Thank you very much. Our goal will be to set-up a Regional Engagement Forum (REF) that will coordinate P/CVE activities in the North Mr. John Ondego Eastern region and encourage information sharing and in- County Commissioner, Isiolo ter-county learning.

15 ISIOLO COUNTY ACTION PLAN ON PREVENTION AND COUNTERING VIOLENT EXTREMISM(ICAP P/CVE) 2018 - 2022

Foreword

Message from National Counter Terrorism Centre (NCTC) Director and Special Envoy

With this framework, this action plan When his Excellency the president launched the Nation- becomes a direct contribution not just to al Strategy to Counter Violent Extremism (NSCVE) on September 16, 2016, he made an invitation to the law the NSCVE, but also to other localized enforcement officers and the entire country to engage the initiatives in Isiolo. public and all instruments of national power. This blend of ‘soft’ and ‘hard’ power was meant to not just implement the 2178 United Nations Resolution on Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism, but also to ensure that we mit- igate the home grown radicalization and violent extremism.

We have recognized that this assignment needed much more than the National Strategy to Counter Violent Ex- tremism (NSCVE). This is why in the last four years, the NCTC has promoted the development of Action Plans that responds to specific manifestations of radicalization, violent extremism and the potential threat of terror.

The development of the County Action Plans is a The National Counter Terrorism Centre (NCTC) is multi-stakeholder process led by the County Commission- an Inter-Agency outfit located within the Executive ers and the County Government. We are glad to note that Office of the President and created by Prevention this particular action plan demonstrated the additional of Terrorism Act (POTA), 2012 and amended by value added by not just the NSCVE but also the guidelines Security Laws Amendment Act (SLAA), 2014. The to CAP development that we released in 2017. Centre is responsible for Strategic and Policy formu- lation and coordination of National Counter Ter- We are also glad that for the first time, we have an- ac rorism efforts in order to detect, deter and disrupt tion plan that has brought on-board the Objectives and terrorism. Key Results (OKR) Framework. With this framework, this

16 action plan becomes a direct contribution not just to the NSCVE, but also to other localized initiatives in Isiolo that aim at reversing and eliminating forces that either support or recruit VE.

It is regrettable to note that the most recent incidents where individuals with violent extremism intentions have been arrested either in Isiolo or had come from the Coun- ty. It is my hope that in implementing this Action Plan, we shall effectively drain the pool from where the radicalizers NIWETU and the CVE Engagement Forum for seem to be recruiting or getting support in Isiolo. successful implementation of this Action Plan.

On behalf of the NCTC, I thank all those who have de- Thank you. ployed their energies and time towards this process and do wish good luck to the County Commissioner, Isiolo, the Amb. Dr. Martin Kimani Governor, Isiolo Peace Link, Malaika Foundation, DAI Special Envoy and Director, NCTC

17 ISIOLO COUNTY ACTION PLAN ON PREVENTION AND COUNTERING VIOLENT EXTREMISM(ICAP P/CVE) 2018 - 2022

Background and Use of the County Action Plan

This document is of primary use by This County Action Plan has three functions. First, it of- the County CVE Forum. It has been fers a detailed reflection and county focused intervention on violent extremism. The CAP explores the history and prepared through a series of public the current manifestation of violent extremism. Second, debates and consultations and organised it creates a platform for various stakeholders to map and to contribute to the NSCVE. organize their work for joint action. In so doing, the CAP encourages stakeholders to move beyond individual action by encouraging specialized and common action. And finally, it creates the County CVE Forum and avenue of co- This County Action Plan is developed from the ordination. By suggesting that the leadership of the forum National Strategy to Counter Violent Extremism be done by the County Commissioner and the County (NSCVE). NSCVE is strongly linked to the resolu- Governor, the Action plan is a bold step in promoting and tion 1624 (2005, the UN Council’s resolution 2242 protecting the spirit of devolution. (2015) which urges Member States and the United Nations system “to ensure the participation and This document is therefore of primary use by the County leadership of women and women’s organizations in CVE Forum. It has been prepared through a series of pub- developing strategies to counter terrorism and vio- lic debates and consultations and organised to contribute lent extremism.” to the NSCVE. For this reason, it has attempted to weave together actions that are sometimes conceived differently. The idea of public participation as a framework for It is expected that the County CVE Forum shall be a fo- governance has been ingrained in the Constitution rum where various opinion leaders in the county can come of Kenya as well. This means that even though func- together to engage and publicly commit to CVE. tions like those of security have been categorized as of national government, it should always be known that ultimately, the subject of these interventions are the citizens. Therefore, The County Action Plans advance not only the UN resolution, but also our own system of governance.

18 19 ISIOLO COUNTY ACTION PLAN ON PREVENTION AND COUNTERING VIOLENT EXTREMISM(ICAP P/CVE) 2018 - 2022

Executive Summary

Further to this, the process evidenced some Isiolo is one of the locations in the country with a history of the contributors of insecurity, which of the least targeted terror attacks. Yet, it is the place that has been associated with most of the weapons used in ter- included negative ethnicity, absence of the ror attacks and has also been described as the home to a political goodwill, resource distribution, huge number of suspected terrorists. ICAP is, therefore, high rate of youth unemployment and the a response framework to Counter Violent Extremism in geographical location of Isiolo County. Isiolo County.

The process sought to build resilience towards violent extremism; promote human dignity; security and access to justice for all. It also endeavoured to enhance county cohesion and integration especially between persons of different faiths and ethnic groups and promote networking and cooperation between state (National and County) and non-state actors.

The methodology applied in the development of the ICAP included stakeholders’ engagements through forums and workshops in the three sub-counties; Isiolo, Garba-tulla and Merti Sub-counties through 14 awareness sessions that targeted 374 people. The forums, which included sensitizations and engagement with key stakeholders targeted the Faith-Based Organizations, Traditional Institutions (Council of Elders), Civil Society Organisations (CSOs), Youth and Women Organizations.

Other groups targeted include Criminal Justice Institu- tions, business community, learning institutions, media,

20 youth, peace committees, representatives of County and National Governments and professionals from the three (3) sub-counties.

Some of the gaps that were identified during these processes included the residents’ lack of understanding and interpretation of the security and the disjointed efforts in addressing violent extremism emanating from both the state and non-state actors. Further to this, the process ev- The top five pillars are presented in this executive idenced some of the contributors of insecurity, which in- summary. The context, history and observations in cluded negative ethnicity, absence of the political goodwill, Isiolo makes the education pillar a central priority resource distribution, high rate of youth unemployment in prevention of VE in Isiolo. Importantly, the pil- and the geographical location of Isiolo County. lar on access to justice followed and this is based on the level of past marginalization in the area. Isiolo This background has influenced the stakeholders’ expan- communities also feel that working with the Coun- sion of the ICAP pillars and added three more to the 9 cil of Elders and the criminal justice systems greatly suggested earlier by NSCVE. The ICAP identified twelve contribute to fight against VE. main pillars ranging in order of priority from education; access to justice; faith and ideology; women; psychosocial Third is counter-narratives through Faith-Based and factors; security; County and National Government rela- Ideology pillar that would support more inclusive tionship; art and culture; political factors; media and on- societies based on universal values of human digni- line platforms; training and capacity building and finally ty. The fourth priority is the women pillar informed law and policy with the former being of priority. by the role of women as caregivers, educators and homemakers, which clearly points to women poten-

21 ISIOLO COUNTY ACTION PLAN ON PREVENTION AND COUNTERING VIOLENT EXTREMISM(ICAP P/CVE) 2018 - 2022

The responsibility of intervening or addressing various aspects of violent extremism in line with the various pillars is bestowed upon the state and non-state actors.

tial in preventing violent extremism. The pillar aims at enhancing women participation and promotion in CVE management programmes and strategies These are Inclusive Citizenship, Inclusive Development, especially around early warning in identification of Rule of Law and Access to Information. The clusters are a child who shows traits that point towards radical- based on the categories used by the stakeholders to under- ization exposure. stand the CAP pillars during awareness raising sessions.

On re-integration, there is need for an urgent pro- The responsibility of intervening or addressing various as- gram of de-radicalization. This program should in- pects of violent extremism in line with the various pillars is clude enrolling all returnees and their sympathizers bestowed upon the state and non-state actors. The role of with the aim of discerning who among them are the state, particularly the national and county government part of sleeper cells and who are ‘authentic defec- in providing and anchoring the framework for engage- tors’. These defectors should be supported to re-in- ment between the state and non-state actors is very key tegrate in the society. to the success of ICAP’s implementation. It is therefore envisioned that this ICAP shall give birth to a just society To guide in the implementation of this CAP, an or- where communities co-exist peacefully. ganogram has been developed. This organogram classifies the 12 pillars into 4 sector committees.

22 23 ISIOLO COUNTY ACTION PLAN ON PREVENTION AND COUNTERING VIOLENT EXTREMISM(ICAP P/CVE)

Below is a table of each ward and its proximate size and 2018 - 2022 population according to information available from Isio- lo County Integrated Development Plan (2013-2017) as shown in the two tables below: Chapter One Table 1: Size and Wards of Isiolo County 1.1 Introduction Sub-county Area (Km sq) Ward Isiolo 3,269 Wabera Bulla Pesa Burat Ngaremara Oldonyiro 1.2 About Isiolo County Isiolo County is one of the counties in the upper Merti 12,612 Chari Eastern region of Kenya. Popularly described as the Cherab gateway to the Northern Kenya, Isiolo county borders Marsabit County to the North, Samburu and Garbatula 9,819 Kinna Laikipia Counties to the West, Garissa County to the Garbatulla South East, Wajir County to the North East, Tana Sericho River and Kitui Counties to the South and Meru and Tharaka Nithi Counties to the South West. Total 25,700 10 The county covers approximately an area of Source: Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, 2013 25,336.1 sq.km2. It lies between Latitude of 0.350 and Longitude of 37.583, placing Isiolo at the cen- Table 2: Population per Ward tre of the country. Administratively, the County is divided into three administrative sub-counties Constituency Wards Population namely; Isiolo, Garba-tulla and Merti. These are Isiolo North Wabera 17,431 further divided into 11 divisions, 22 locations and Bulla Pesa 22,722 44 sub-locations. The county has two parliamen- Chari 4,781 tary constituencies, Isiolo North and Isiolo South, Cherab 15,560 divided into 10 electoral wards, namely; Bula Pesa, Ngare Mara 5,520 Wabera, Burat, Oldonyiro, Ngaremara, Chari, Burat 18,774 Cheraab, Garba-tulla, Kina and Sericho. Oldo/Nyiro 15,388 Sub Total 100,176 In its social description, Isiolo is regarded as a cos- Isiolo South Garbatulla 16,401 mopolitan county, making home to the five major Kinna 14,618 ethnic groups namely Borana, Somali, Turkana, Sericho 12,099 Meru and Samburu. It also hosts other Kenyan ethnic groups popularly referred to as the M37 in Sub Total 43,118 the County. The main economic mainstay of the Grand Total 143,294 communities is pastoralism, but a small number also practices agro-pastoralism. Source: IEBC, 2012

24 Isiolo County

Map of Isiolo County

25 ISIOLO COUNTY ACTION PLAN ON PREVENTION AND COUNTERING VIOLENT EXTREMISM(ICAP P/CVE) 2018 - 2022

1.3 The Context of Conflicts in Isiolo The September 2013 attack at the Westgate shopping mall As mentioned earlier, Isiolo is a cosmopolitan coun- brought worldwide attention to Kenya, with Al-Shabaab ty. Conflict in Isiolo is often blamed on the scarcity claiming responsibility and maintaining that it was in re- of natural resources, particularly pasture and water taliation against Kenya’s military operations in Somalia. with resultant competition in access and control of However, this particular incident represents only one of these resources. Other conflict drivers are the pres- the many examples of ‘violent extremism’ (VE) in Kenya ence of small arms and light weapons (SALW) and over the recent years and indeed with escalated intensity the change in environment especially drought that over time. continuous to exert more pressure on the dwindling resources. 1.5 Overview of Violent Extremism and conflict in Isiolo However, the nature of pastoralists’ conflict has Isiolo County has made a number of promising economic changed over time and new dynamics are at play. and political gains in recent years. Nevertheless, the county Factors such as politics surrounding decentralized faces an array of ongoing challenges stemming from in- political system, land and boundary conflicts cou- termittent violent conflict and other sources of human in- pled with land use between agriculture, wildlife con- security, including Violent Extremism and Radicalization. servation and new infrastructural project under the Pressures to decisively address the VE and criminal threats Vision 2030 has continued to fuel conflict in Isiolo. are testing the limits of county’s capabilities and resilience. Isiolo is one of the three resort cities to be developed under the proposed Lamu Port- Southern Sudan- Since late 2011, Kenya has seen an upsurge in violent Ethiopia Transport Corridor (LAPSSET) project; terrorist attacks. It is believed that terrorist attacks have the other two being Lamu and Lake Turkana. This been carried out by Al-Shabaab in retaliation for Opera- project has led to emergence of accelerated bound- tion Linda Nchi, a coordinated military mission between ary disputes between Isiolo and Meru the Somalia and Kenyan military that began in October 2011, when troops from Kenya crossed the border into the 1.4 VE Problem Analysis and Operating Con- conflict zones of southern Somalia. By mid-2014, the cu- text mulative attacks began affecting Kenya’s tourism industry, The 2014 Global Terrorism Index by the Institute as Western nations issued travel warnings to their citizens. for Economics and Peace put Kenya at number 12 out of the 84 countries surveyed. Kenya is leading Isiolo is one of the counties that has been hard hit by the in vulnerability among the East African Community menace of youth recruitment to extremist groups. Some partner states, and is third in Africa, after Nigeria of the youth from the local schools have disappeared from and Somalia. The index further points out that the their schools and they have been traced in Somalia. level of internally organized conflict; violent crime and deaths from conflict are all significantly related 1.6 Assessment of VE in Isiolo to the levels of VE. Isiolo has recently emerged as a crucial recruitment ground for Al Shabab (AS), ISIS and a transit point for recruits going to Somalia and Libya as well as returnees being de-

26 N Green (General Pop) W E Yellow (Radicalized individuals) S Red (Violent Extremism)

CHERAB

CHARI

SERICHO

OLDO/ NYIRO KINNA GARBATULLA NGARE MARA

BURAT

0 35 70 140 Kilometers

ployed in Kenya and possibly neighbouring Uganda and Individual preference (lack of skills, lack of goals, Tanzania. drug and substance abuse, hardships in life, igno- rance, peer pressure, personal choices, depression/ Recent USAID/NIWETU research and opportunity find- stress or desire for adventure or curiosity) was cap- ings suggest that about 200 youth from Isiolo have joined tured at 29.4% by police and youths at 24%. The AS since 2013. This has led to the deployment of special- IPL research found that the youth respondents fear ized units of security agencies - The Anti-Terror Police that the advent of Kete, a new hard drug in the mar- Unit (ATPU) to Isiolo County. ket will drive recruitment up based on the drug ability to completely impair judgment and the opportu- Different reasons have been advanced as to why Isiolo nity it creates for VE groups to lure more youth into young people are joining the group. During a study by IPL the use of drugs. and BRICS, respondents who are majorly youth (120) and Peace Cops Brigade - Network of Police Officers from dif- During the stakeholders’ meetings, the question of ferent units of National Police Service (20) gave unemploy- role and position of women in Isiolo was raised at ment as biggest driver of radicalization at 36.9 and 33.3% three levels. At the first level, there have been con- respectively. cerns that most male members of the society are away from their families. This is explained mainly by polygamy and the nature of pastoralists’ econ-

27 ISIOLO COUNTY ACTION PLAN ON PREVENTION AND COUNTERING VIOLENT EXTREMISM(ICAP P/CVE) 2018 - 2022

Chapter Two

2. The Context of Security and Violent Extremism in Isiolo

omy. The second manifestation of women’s role is around conflict resolutions. It is widely acceptable in Isiolo that besides the welfare and developmental initiatives in the area, women have become active players in peace building initiatives. Yet at the third level, the question of women is narrated with concern of continuous hierarchies. In these hierarchies, women are considered to be of lower value. Such unfortunate conceptions are expressed in practices of compensation where women are regarded as being of lower life value. It is in these mix of meanings and positioning of Women in Isiolo that makes their role cardinal in both the talk and action of CVE. awareness sessions in the three sub-counties regarding the nine pillars of the NSCVE. Other factors advanced are family problems which manifest itself as lack of parental responsibilities, Feedback from the inception meetings and awareness ses- strict parenthood, family breakdown and sometimes sions informed the development of the first draft of ICAP. rejection by family, which is rated at 15.1 % by The ICAP draft was later presented for review and re- youths and Police at 9.8%. Religious factor was put ceived inputs from the principal organs that included the at 23.5% by the police while youth respondents at office of the County Commissioner, County Government, 9.8 %. The youths and police believed that religion National Counterterrorism Centre (NCTC) and other po- contributes to radicalization due to misinterpreta- litical leaders from Isiolo that included the two Member tion of religious texts. of Parliament (MPs) and Members of County Assembly (MCAs). The development of this Action Plan also in- 2.2 Methodology volved a literature review of past work in Kenya and other The development of this CAP is grounded on the global knowledge on VE trends. NCTC’s (2017) Guide for Developing Action Plans An exploratory research was also undertaken. This re- to Prevent and Counter Violent Extremism. The search randomly sampled 70 respondents amongst the process commenced with a stakeholders’ meeting county-based stakeholders who were present during the that targeted 70 participants. It was followed by 14 P/CVE inception meeting and awareness sessions. In this

28 participatory research process, the stakeholders sought to 2010 (CoK 2010). Some of the threats to security establish a common understanding of the security situa- highlighted by the residents in Isiolo county include: tion in Isiolo County. tribalism/tribal conflicts; cases of police brutality and extrajudicial killings; skewed nature of issuance This was done through organised participatory primary of guns to Kenya Police Reservists (KPR) without data collection processes. A set of queries were admin- due diligence and proper vetting (most of the time istered to the residents through questionnaires. Further being through political inclination); difficulty in get- information was collected through organised awareness ting national identity cards; high poverty levels es- meetings with various cohorts relevant to the study. The calating the struggle for scarce resources; cattle rus- information was then organised and presented in various tling and the diverse sources of livelihoods among themes informing this Action Plan. the communities living in this region; stereotyping based on ethnicity, religion and political incitement. 2.3 Citizens’ Perception Community perception of security. Definition of insecurity in Isiolo County revolves around the aspects of the negative ethnicity and harassment by the security officers curtailing enjoyment of fundamental freedoms and rights as enshrined in the Constitution of Kenya

29 ISIOLO COUNTY ACTION PLAN ON PREVENTION AND COUNTERING VIOLENT EXTREMISM(ICAP P/CVE) 2018 - 2022

One of the elders narrated how he was picked by ATPU officers after he spoke to his son who is in Somalia.

“I spoke to my son who is in Somalia on phone and the ATPU officers came to arrest me. Fortunately for me, when- ever I speak with him, I report to the police. I also don’t delete text communications from my phone. We talk about ordinary issues and the police have the capacity to obtain a recording of my conversation. Many young people in Isiolo face similar tribulations. When their friends who have gone to Somalia call them or they innocently call without even knowing that their friends have left the country, they are arrested.”

Contributors to insecurity. ` There are various factors that contribute to the pre- vailing insecurity situation in Isiolo County as identified by the residents. They include high unemployment and high poverty levels, which is attributed to the historical marginalization. Others that need to “The issue of violent extremism has become an enterprise. be addressed include ethnicity; political differenc- Young people are arrested and the ATPU officers ask for es and skewed distribution of resources; which are a lot of money. Those who are able to afford the bribes being exploited by violent extremist organisations are released, those who can’t remain behind the bars until in preparing appealing narratives that target vul- their parents are able to buy their freedom,” he added. nerable youths. The high number of youth drop- ping out of schools and high illiteracy levels that is Dealing with insecurity. compounded by lack of skills has made the youth Apart from reporting to and engaging the security forces to resort to drug and substance abuse, making them while dealing with the insecurity, the offices of the local susceptible to unlawful activities. chiefs have played an important role in the fight against insecurity. They have basically anchored the Nyumba Kumi One of the youth told the a youth forum that being Initiative in the region, which has been instrumental in poor in Isiolo seems criminal because when one is bridging the gap that existed between the various ethnic arrested and is unable to pay the huge bribes being groups in the region. Further to this, community dialogue sought by the ATPU officers, he remains in custody forums and education through various religious and in- longer than is legally allowed. ter-clan platforms have provided avenues to deal with the

30 insecurity and to further discourses on peaceful co-exis- Challenges in restoring security in the local area tence among the different ethnic groups in the region. The The relationship between the security officers and County’s residents applaud Sub-county peace committees, the residents of Isiolo County has not been very inter-religious dialogue forum and the various Councils of warm. This has been fuelled by aspects of the police Elders as key institutions for conflicts resolution. harassment with some residents seeing the police as being ‘above the law’. However, the elders complained, during one of their forums, that the government doesn’t involve them unless It also emerged that poor coordination among the other efforts have failed. security agencies is a major challenge and this has contributed to ‘erosion of trust’. Insecurity in Isiolo “Elders do a lot of work in bringing peace especially border is also attributed to the County’s proximity to the and land related ones. However, the government doesn’t other fragile counties and the vast geographical area involve us unless they have tried and failed. If elders were that might provide safe transit of extremists to Isio- involved from the onset on radicalization related issues, we lo. would be telling a different story.” One of the elders said during the elders forum.

31 ISIOLO COUNTY ACTION PLAN ON PREVENTION AND COUNTERING VIOLENT EXTREMISM(ICAP P/CVE) 2018 - 2022 Bulla Pesa; Wabera (Tullu roba, Chechelesi; and Kambi Garba ) and Burat.

The identified causes of radicalization according to the Other challenges are under-funding of the cohesion residents are the high levels of unemployment; the skewed department and ethinicised political space often narrative about religion in the social media; the history of blamed on skewed resource distributions and allo- police harassment and blanket condemnation of particu- cation. lar sections of the population; high poverty levels leading to the youth being lured into terror groups and peer pres- However, there are various initiatives which have sure among the youth in the region leading to high levels been employed by the county and national govern- of drugs and substance abuse. ments that include Nyumba Kumi initiative; distribution of relief food, NSCVE, County Strategic Stereotyping based on religion has also been a major con- Plan for Cohesion, Mashinani peace talks, Chiefs’ tributor to the radicalization as the ripple effect includes Barazas’ and use of platforms presented by the denial of government services like issuance of identifica- Council of Elders. tion cards. High proliferation of street children in Isiolo town was also cited as a time bomb for possible youth radi- Some of the strategies that have been highlighted by calization and increase in crime rate in the county. the residents of Isiolo in dealing with insecurity include development of strategies that lead to disclo- Response to radicalization. sure of information to security agencies and main- There are various responses proposed by the residents of taining confidentiality; building of education centers Isiolo County on how to respond to the problem of the to absorb youths who have dropped out of school; radicalization. Some of these include promoting education development of early warning signs to be employed of the youth, efforts by the state and non-state actors to by both the state and non-state actors while dealing enhance job creation initiatives to reduce level of vulnera- with insecurity; decentralization of resources to the bility, taking advantage of the gains in the Constitution of various villages to address the conflict on allocation Kenya, 2010, enhancing public participation and bring- of resources; funding of the various peace-building ing the youth in County leadership platforms for proper platforms including the community elders platforms engagement. Other responses include capacity building and integration of County and national security for local Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) on how to re- committees for synergized actions. spond to radicalization and the use of existing platforms to build community and police relations. Further to this, Local residents understanding of radicalization the residents highlighted the need to develop counter-nar- The residents of Isiolo County understands rad- ratives and the use of social media in disseminating these icalization and the violent extremism as a global messages because of its popularity amongst the youth. phenomenon fuelled by extreme ideological inclination, manifesting itself through the disappearance Another proposal is the development of the youth poly- of young people to join groups such as Al-Shabaab technics to facilitate the training and skills transfer with a (AS) in Somalia and Islamic State of Iraq and Syria view of enhancing the youth employability and in prepar- (ISIS). While there is denial on the extent of radi- ing them to play a pivotal role in the vision 2030, which calization in Isiolo, there are certain areas identified demands some skilled labour. The residents also proposed as central places where recruitment often take place: the creation of the platforms where the youth can involve

32 themselves in some activities that can further smoothen in- The stakeholders in Isiolo largely deny that these tegration of returnees within the community. suspected terrorists originated from Isiolo. Howev- er, evidence that emerged during the preparation of 2.4 Why has Isiolo become fertile ground for re- this CAP suggests that the transient nature of Isio- cruitment into Al-Shabaab? lo makes many terror suspects invisible. The stake- The stakeholders largely agreed that although there are holders observed that the vibrant night economy no incidents of terrorist attacks that have been reported in Isiolo and the numerous meeting points and the in Isiolo, incidents of interception of individuals residing picking points for motorcycles serve as a major risk in the county have been numerous. Two factors have been factor that contributes to the county’s vulnerability identified as the main enabler of Isiolo emerging as both especially in the recruitment of the young people the recruitment ground and the passage corridor for those into VE groups. who are sympathetic or those who join terror networks. 2.5 Who Are The Actors Implicated In Radi- On recruitment, the stakeholders pointed out the presence calization and VE In Isiolo? of the local recruiters and vulnerability of the youth and There is evidence of radicalization taking place in pre-existence of radical opinion. The County’s geograph- Isiolo interwoven in two key narratives. The first ical position also enhances its vulnerability, due to the narrative is that of ideology. The second is the feel- county’s close proximity to areas where there have been ing of destitution and lost hope as many residents of persistent terror attacks such as Mandera, Garissa, and Isiolo wallow in poverty. Indeed, during the stake- Wajir. holders meeting, two teachers narrated how the school going boys - more so those in the last years There is also vulnerability associated with the social exclu- of their secondary education - argue that joining sion that has been continuously perpetuated by the state Al-Shabaab provided better prospects of economic especially through the denial of registration documents prosperity than seeking employment. particularly the national identity card, the government un- willingness to develop infrastructure in the area and mean- Under this context, radicalization of the individuals ingful policy and programmes that support the single most is through technology using such platforms as inter- livelihood in the area- pastoralism. Stakeholders also men- net and recorded voice messages from VEO or their tioned another level of vulnerability that relates to identity agents. Marginalization and exclusion of youth in struggles of the youth and the position taken by elders. getting registration documents coupled with the The youth argue that there’s need for elders to condemn harsh government policies and gross violation of political, social and cultural injustices experienced by most human rights by the security agencies especially the residents of Isiolo. Anti-Terror Police Unit (ATPU) is highly seen as a major push factor for radicalization in Isiolo. Isiolo is commonly referred to as the gateway to the north and is also believed to provide safe transit to the extremists. Although blamed for transgressions and violations On February 18th an incident occurred in Merti sub-coun- of Human Rights, law enforcement officers and ty, where the local police intercepted 7 AK47 guns with 30 mainly the ATPU have responded to these allega- fully loaded magazines, 18 IEDs, 36 un-primed grenades tions. They have argued that while they abide by and paraphernalia associated with Al-Shabaab destined law and order, there could have been isolated cases for attacks in the Kenyan Capital, Nairobi. and complaints of Human Rights violations based on particular circumstances. The ATPU in Isiolo

33 ISIOLO COUNTY ACTION PLAN ON PREVENTION AND COUNTERING VIOLENT EXTREMISM(ICAP P/CVE) 2018 - 2022

reported that they had embarked on stakeholder’s partnership that shall ultimately address the current perceptions

Prisons were also cited as fertile ground for radicalization. Individuals already inclined to radicalization tendencies assault members of the public with a view of landing in the remands with the objective of recruiting unsuspecting prisoners into the radical ideology.

There is evidence through various submissions by the stakeholders that there are many returnees in Isi- olo. These returnees are essentially individuals who have been to Somalia and Syria in armed struggle in support of the Al-Shabaab and the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS). The returnees are, however, rarely declared in public as there exist palpable fear of the authorities.

The ATPU in Isiolo was described as not coopera- tive and has disengaged itself from CVE processes though at the initial stages of the process, its officers make Isiolo and other Northern Kenya vulnerable to VE attended meetings. For this reason, most of the re- is its lack of meaningful development and the historically turnees work as undercover agents. It is possible that bad relationship between the communities and the security there are numerous ‘sleeper cells’ of returnees in agencies that are often blamed for militarized security op- Isiolo. Most of the returnees feel isolated and mar- erations that inflicts maximum pain on the civilians. ginalized, without proper programmes and methods of dis-engagement and re-integration. There is the There has also been the rise of the ‘traditional conflicts’ likelihood that the returnees and the possible ‘sleep- that continues to emanate from the exclusion of some er cells’ may continue to serve as a basis for further ethnic groups expressed through unemployment and the radicalization in Isiolo. non-involvement in Isiolo politics and the new devolved system of governance. These, if unchecked, will definitely 2.6 What structural factors supports VE? continue to provide ground for the growth of radicaliza- While we established VE factors are associated with tion. However, it is important to note that this perception the individual choices as well as social networks, is changing due to the devolution, the LAPPSET project there are also numerous structural factors that trig- and vision 2030 flagships projects like the Isiolo-Moyale ger and support VE in Isiolo. The major factors that highway, the Isiolo International airport and the planned

34 resort city.

Stakeholders also highlighted the existing ‘gender contract’ as a barrier to efforts towards P/ CVE. It was noted that most women in Isiolo are involved in informal sector and management of homes. These areas of engagement also happen to be where significant socialization of the youth takes place.

It also happens that the role of women among most communities in Isiolo is considered marginal. During the stakeholders meetings, both men and women descried this marginalization of women’s voices. This state of affair is because of the position and roles that women have been ascribed and subjected to in these societies.

35 ISIOLO COUNTY ACTION PLAN ON PREVENTION AND COUNTERING VIOLENT EXTREMISM(ICAP P/CVE) 2018 - 2022 ferent aspect of human lives i.e. the family security, the food security, the health and the personal security. The United Nations (UN) defines security as the protection of Chapter Three “the vital core of all human lives in ways that enhance human freedoms and human fulfilment.” It is important 3. Theory Of Change to note that both the state and citizens have fundamental roles to play in all these issues.

The need for the public participation in matters of human security, therefore, confirms that security cannot be handled through conventional mechanisms but through a framework that acknowledges both the linkages and the in- In the past, security was defined in terdependencies between development, human rights and relation to states being at war or at peace national security. with each other or state’s capacity to 1. Response Theory defend itself from external aggression Below is a diagrammatic presentation of the Aarhus model. It is noticeable that the model suggests three main steps in the process of preventing the kind of radicalization which creates violent extremists i.e. outreach, capacity building and exit. Outreach reflects no particular threats or signs of radicalization in any religious community or individual, but is important in eliminating the conditions of society, both nationally and locally, that have the potential 3.1 Theory of Change and Response to turn individuals in a more radical direction. The weak early warning system and response to the current trend of violent extremism was attributed to It involves Government, Community leaders and Civil So- the marginalization of women’s voices. It was also ciety and it emphasizes continuous dialogue with commu- noted that women would be key players in the at- nities that are most affected by radicalization. The next tempts towards rehabilitation of the returnees. To phase (orange zone) is where the target groups are radi- ensure that this role of women is safeguarded, it was calized but are not yet violent. This phase desires capacity recommended that a specific pillar be designated to building of influential members of the community like el- respond to Women related issues in the CAP. ders, inter-faith leaders and CSOs so as to help in countering radicalization and VE. The last phase (red phase) The major underpinning for this this County Action is where the individuals are radicalized and violent. This Plan is the National Security strategy in Kenya. In stage requires treatment through government intervention the past, security was defined in relation to states such as the rehabilitation and re-integration programme. being at war or at peace with each other or state’s capacity to defend itself from external aggression. From the comments and suggestions from stakeholders, it Today, the definition of security has changed, as the is possible to conclude that there are numerous political, human person has become the focus. social and economic activities in Isiolo County. Activities Security is therefore diverse and touches on the dif- of radical groups that were once linked to Al-qaeda and

36 more recently Al-Shabaab have resulted on the conversion 2. Structure Of The Arhus Model of a section of the society to take radical opinion that have One model of change based on the Arhus holds that vul- often converted into violent extremism. There is also evi- nerable persons and those who have chosen radical and ex- dence pointing to existence of slipper cells. Thus, if one tremist ideology in Isiolo must go through dis-engagement, takes green suggested in the Arhus model to be the imag- de-radicalization and re-integration that shall enable them ery of harmonious safe and secure society, Isiolo County is to feel a sense of ’power within’ – the appreciation of incrementally moving from Green to Red. meaning of citizenship and cohesion. Then, they move to ’power with’ – coming together around as people of Isiolo and Kenya’s around common and contentious issues before achieving ’power to’ – asserting their rights, outreach, capacity and preventing violent extremism.

TREATMENT (EXIT) VIOLENT DISENGAGEMENT EXTREMISTS

RADICALIZED CAPACITY BUILDING INDIVIDUALS DE-RADICALIZATION

GENERAL OUTREACH POPULATION REINTEGRATION

Figure 3: The Aarhus Model of Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism (adopted from the Danish Intelligence Service (PET).

37 ISIOLO COUNTY ACTION PLAN ON PREVENTION AND COUNTERING VIOLENT EXTREMISM(ICAP P/CVE) 2018 - 2022

Pe simagnim erercienis ea doluptatur repra pos quistiae officto molorrorem qui atessed itatece ptatiis sam aut atet odi ad et as quibus doluptius apis doluptatus

3. Prognosis Theory second model of theory of change that highlights that suc- The two theories that explain what we observe in Isi- cessful change from violent extremist to a peaceful and olo are based, one, on the works of some renowned secure society of Isiolo shall come about through rebal- scholars while the other is based on the framing of anced alliances of dissimilar actors -¬ state, market and the consultants who have aided in developing this plural society. If inhabitants of Isiolo can come together strategy. Writer and author Henry Mintzberg has around the issue of preventing and Countering Violent talked about rebalancing the society. While the three Extremism CVE, they are likely to benefit from rebalanc- aspects of society namely Civil Society, government ing their society and gain the galvanizing effect that helps and market are strong in Isiolo, there are complaints to overcome fear and drain the pool of recruitment for of imbalance and their actions rarely generate inclu- Violent extremist. sive society. The diagram below is based on the work of Henry Mintzberg and describes what should be done to rebalance the society in Isiolo County. During the stakeholders meeting, it became apparent that there are dissimilar actors who are very influential in the social, political and economic life in Isiolo. These actors are also critical players on security. Yet, the influence from these actors has been used largely to pull the society in Isiolo in different directions. The ultimate result has been the use of radicalization that often turn out to be violent extremism to either ‘safeguard’ the interest of the various actors or at another end to ‘protect’ violent extremists, defectors and their collaborators in Isiolo.

Using the Henry Mintzberg’s model of ‘rebalancing the society’, it is possible to re-organize Isiolo as an own ‘drivers of change’. This is the basis of the

38 4. Imbalance and Balance Diagram

ENGAGING RESPONSIBLE PREDATORY DEMOCRACY CAPITALISM ENTERPRISE

STATE

DESPOTISM

EXCLUSIVE POPULISM

PLURAL INCLUSION

During the stakeholders meeting, it became apparent that state, market and plural society. If inhabitants of Isio- there are dissimilar actors who are very influential in the lo can come together around the issue of preventing and social, political and economic life in Isiolo. These actors Countering Violent Extremism, they are likely to benefit are also critical players on security. Yet, the influence from from rebalancing their society and gain the galvanizing these actors has been used largely to pull the society in effect that helps to overcome fear and drain the pool of Isiolo in different directions. The ultimate result has been recruitment for Violent Extremist. the use of radicalization that often turn out to be violent extremism to either ‘safeguard’ the interest of the various actors or at another end to ‘protect’ violent extremists, defectors and their collaborators in Isiolo. Using the Henry Mintzberg’s model of ‘rebalancing the society’, it is possible to re-organize Isiolo as an own ‘drivers of change’. This is the basis of the second model of theory of change that highlights that successful change from violent extremist to a peaceful and secure society of Isiolo shall come about through rebalanced alliances of dissimilar actors

39 ISIOLO COUNTY ACTION PLAN ON PREVENTION AND COUNTERING VIOLENT EXTREMISM(ICAP P/CVE) 2018 - 2022

3.2 Strength Weaknesses Opportunities and Threats Analysis

Strengths Weaknesses ⋅ High population and active youths ⋅ Dismissive and ‘I don’t care’ attitude among certain sections of the so- who are open to new ideas. ciety who do not care about what’s going on in the county. ⋅ Vibrant women groups that pro- ⋅ Lack of entrepreneurship training and business mentorship to young vide spaces for women participa- men and women. tion in P/CVE activities. ⋅ Low levels of education which hamper access to post-secondary educa- ⋅ Political forums often organized by tion hence minimizes chances of youth to fit in the job market elected leadership and advocacy ⋅ Youth prefer white collar jobs to self-employment. groups which provide the opportu- ⋅ Those involved in self-employment are not considered as employed by nities for the public to engage lead- the society. ers on transparency and account- ⋅ Poor networking. There are minimal opportunities for youth and wom- ability issues. en to network and pursue new opportunities. ⋅ Strong inter-faith groups which ⋅ Lack of proper channels of communication/information on issues such have reduced instances of in- as youth fund, women fund, Uwezo fund and other potential opportu- ter-faith conflicts. nities. ⋅ Festivals such as cultural events, ⋅ Youth are not involved in arts and culture, this is left to old women and weddings and religious holidays men. bring people together and this can ⋅ Lack of training and capacity building on different issues which affect be used to advocate for CVE livelihoods of the people such as business management skills which lead ⋅ Vibrant business activities where to businesses failures. the profit maximization goals pro- ⋅ Outdated educational systems promote ethnic segregation and exclu- vide an opportunity for community sivity. cohesion. ⋅ Lack of the economic and social support such as career guidance and ⋅ Intermarriages between different the job placement centers. ethnic groups solidifies inter-com- ⋅ Mass migration due to increased insecurity. munity cohesion ⋅ Poor infrastructure and communication networks. ⋅ Councils of elders from the vari- ⋅ Ethnic divisions and retrogressive cultural practices. ous communities which solidify el- ⋅ Poor relations between security agents and community members. ders to confront issues affecting the ⋅ High number of street children who are easy targets by VE groups community together. ⋅ Drug and alcohol abuse in the county which increases chances of their recruitment into VE groups. ⋅ Political affiliation creates divisions in community. ⋅ High poverty levels. ⋅ Civilians shielding those accused of involvement into VE activities.

40 Opportunities Threats ⋅ Funds such as youths and wom- ⋅ The interest accrued on loans discourages youth from taking loans en enterprise funds for organized ⋅ Some Funds have interest which is against Muslim faith, hence Muslim youths and or groups youth avoid them ⋅ Vision 2030 with massive oppor- ⋅ Idleness: When youth are idle they can be cornered to join VE groups. tunities for investment and subse- ⋅ Frequent conflicts over land/boundary and Natural resources quent employment creation ⋅ Lack of police patrols which may contribute to more youths being rad- ⋅ Various organization willing to icalized. support P/CVE work ⋅ Poor border security and lack of frequent police stops and checks, and ⋅ Adoption and uptake of technolo- the porous borders make counties vulnerable to VE gy such as social media. ⋅ Poor police training on handling VE cases increases VE threats ⋅ Willing learning institutions that ⋅ Prisons contribute to VE as it is used as breeding ground for recruit- can be involved in educating the ment youth against CVE ⋅ Low bail charges lessens seriousness of VE acts and encourage repeat ⋅ Rich culture, arts, drama festi- offenders vals are avenues to promote CVE ⋅ Unclear bail policies in relation to sentencing of VE criminals awareness and youth involvement ⋅ Difficulties in acquiring National ID cards for the youth threatens some in CVE to be easy targets of VE recruitment ⋅ The LAPPSET project ⋅ Alienation of elders in leadership and conflict resolution ⋅ Learning institutions can work to- ⋅ Political dishonesty gether with religious scholars to ed- ⋅ Failing Government institutions ucate on religious matters and de- ⋅ Education systems do not equip students with skill sets which makes mystify misinterpreted Islamic texts them dependent on employment that is hard to come by ⋅ Sponsorship and fundraising support of religious institutions that work towards youth de- radicaliza- tion ⋅ Nyumba Kumi initiative should be implemented and embraced by community ⋅ Border counties can network to control movement along county borders to increase security (inter-county collaboration on P/ CVE) ⋅ Customization of national laws and policies to suit county’s challenges ⋅ Promote civic education and participation as provided for under the Constitution of Kenya 2010

41 ISIOLO COUNTY ACTION PLAN ON PREVENTION AND COUNTERING VIOLENT EXTREMISM(ICAP P/CVE) 2018 - 2022

Chapter Four

4.1 Strategies

4.1.1 Strategic Pillars and Prioritization

The Basis of the Isiolo Action Plan This Action Plan has been developed as part of a national process to implement the National Strategy for Counter- ing Violent Extremism (NSCVE). The NSCVE has identified nine pillars as the core spheres where VE recruitment takes place and as such the areas where a counter- response is required. The nine pillars proposed in the NSCVE are: (1) Faith-based and Ideological factors, (2) Art and Culture, (3) Education, (4) psychosocial factors, (5) Legal and policy framework, (6) Media and online platforms, (7) Training and capacity building, (8) Political factors and (9) security. This CAP, starts by understanding the extent to which the nine pillars suggested by the NCTC apply to the local history and situation in Isiolo. These pillars are considered as a priori agreement.

Because of the significance and wide-scale impact of VE, the process of developing the CAP was characterized by extensive public participation. The participation process was undertaken through stakeholders’ forums as well as numerous public awareness sessions held between Monday 5th and Friday 16th February 2018. Participation and engagement with the public in this process were as envisaged in the Constitution of Kenya, 2010.

During the public participation process, factors and drivers of VE unique to Isiolo were identified. These factors were later analyzed and summarized through three major pillars that have now been added to the earlier nine pillars. The additional pillars are (1) National/ County government relationship, (2) Women and (3) Access to Justice. The addition of these three pillars placed the total number for the Isiolo County Action Plan (ICAP) at twelve (12).

At the end of the above processes, the stakeholders developed a “hierarchy of purpose.” In doing this, the central question that the stakeholders used to developed priorities was:

Given the stated purpose and vision, which pillars matter most as a strategy for understanding driving factors and responding to VE in Isiolo now and in the future?

Below is a summary of the twelve pillars in alphabetical order. This summary includes a description of how the pillar manifests itself in Isiolo County, the issues of concern around the pillar and the recommendations for action. At the end of the section, the pillars have been listed again in the order of priorities identified by the Isiolo stakeholders.

42 1. Access to Justice The observations made during stakeholders’ meeting alongside submissions made by many other stakeholders speak of Isiolo residents as an aggrieved population. There have been numerous complaints of violations dating back to the infamous Shifta war, botched security operations and in the most recent the harassment and the arbitrary arrest by ATPU under the disguise of combating the radicalization and violent extremism. These central issues tend to aggrieve residents and form a basis for further radicalization and disenchantment among many citizens. Beyond historical violation, stakeholders have little trust in judicial processes and the law enforcement.

Issue Recommendation 1.1 Complaints regarding arbitrary arrest of the youth 1.1 Active engagement of the Court Users Committee and the religious leaders under the disguise that they 1.2 Closer working relationship between the county se- are VE suspects. A section of the security agencies are curity team and the youth organizations accused of seeking bribes from the arrested youths 1.3 Innovate strategies for the job creation for the youth and leaders. including the entrepreneurship training and the start- 1.2 Complaints of difficulty in accessing the birth cer- up support. tificates, the national identity cards and the passports 1.3 Concerns that youths from Isiolo are not considered for employment by both the County and the national government

2. Art and Culture Culture is an enabler for co-existence and cohesion and it should be positively adopted in highly cosmopolitan counties like Isiolo. Young people can be encouraged to positively use theatre, music, drawings, fine arts sports and other forms of recreation to counter-violent extremism otherwise they can use the same artistic skills to further spread VE . The participants during the youth forum encouraged engagement of youth in sports so that they are not exposed to radical narratives besides keeping them busy during short and long holidays. Lyrics of songs which discourage violent extremism can be composed. Major Kasongo, Medize, Dallas Bushy among others were identified as talented musicians who can compose lyrics of CVE songs.

Issue Recommendation 2.1 Cultural diversity in Isiolo county as presented by the 2.1 Improve collaboration with the various youth groups richness of cultures of the various communities has and other cultural groups to spread P/CVE aware- not been fully tapped to promote peace and security. ness through theatre, music, dance and fine arts. 2.2 Elders who are key actors in community cohesion 2.2 Support the role of elders in the community cohe- are not involved in the conflict prevention and timely sion and the conflict prevention. involvement by the government who only approaches them after all other efforts have failed.

43 ISIOLO COUNTY ACTION PLAN ON PREVENTION AND COUNTERING VIOLENT EXTREMISM(ICAP P/CVE) 2018 - 2022

3. Education While referring to the education pillar, communities mentioned Isiolo Boys radicalization incident and focus on CVE initiatives in learning institutions. CVE sensitization should be incorporated in Peace Clubs and other student-led peace and security initiatives. More attention is given to the formal education process at the expense of the informal learning process where young people learn their languages and the culture. There is need to include teachers and non-teaching staff in the CVE activities because they stand a better chance to identify early warning signs of the VE among students. Furthermore, historical facts that are taught in schools do not promote inclusivity such as the talk that there are 42 tribes in Kenya which excludes some ethnic groups leading to the marginalization and the negative profiling in the society. Close cooperation and bonding between the teachers, students and parents is important. Motivational talks and CVE symposiums in schools also need to be encouraged and supported.

Issue Recommendation 3.1 Incidences of radicalization have been reported / 3.1 Development of a CVE curriculum to be used across suspected in learning institutions in Isiolo. However, all learning institutions. the school administrators and the teachers have not 3.2 Awareness creation on CVE in the schools. been actively involved in the CVE activities. 3.3 Improve on the education facilities in Isiolo. 3.2 Education facilities in Isiolo are very poor and this 3.4 Support the sponsorship programs for the youth to has contributed to the poor performance in the pri- attain the higher education. mary and secondary schools hence reducing the num- 3.5 Encourage mentorship and the student leadership ber of the students proceeding to institutions of the in learning institutions through linkages and opening higher learning. communication channels in the schools. 3.6 Promote patriotism in the learning institutions. 3.7 Support talent identification and promotion through better financing for the recreation facilities and the sporting events. 3.8 Encourage effective delivery of the religious education that focuses on our responsibilities as the people of faith.

44 4. Faith Based Factors and Ideologies It was agreed across the board that VE has no religious basis. The religious leaders need to be more pro-active especially in developing true/counter narratives. They should also use their days of worship as platforms for the CVE sensitizations. A special recognition was given to Imam of Masjid Ansar, Sheikh Abdullahi (popularly known as Sheikh ‘Simba’) for his contribution to CVE through positive CVE messages. Interfaith strained relationships especially in Merti sub- county limits CVE processes among religious leaders (an urgent intervention is needed to restore interfaith relationship in Merti)

Issue Recommendation 4.1 Some clerics in Isiolo have been arrested for alleged 4.1Encourage continued engagement of faith-based involved in radicalization. This has caused misun- leaders in promoting true narratives to P/CVE. derstandings between the security agencies and the 4.2 Promote the inter-faith activities in the county. faith-based leadership. However, presence of strong 4.3 The religious organizations to develop self-regulation inter-faith activities in the county has often responded frameworks. timely and addressed these misunderstandings.

5. Legal and Policy Framework Most participants didn’t have prior knowledge on laws, policies and measures regarding VE. Most of them got to know of NCTC and NSCVE during the awareness sessions. The laws and policies which are discriminative can further marginalize and encourage spread of radicalization and VE. ICAP is considered as a policy guide and the organizations are urged to implement CVE activities in line with the ICAP. The County Government of the Isiolo County is urged to own the ICAP process, allocate budget towards its implementation by integrating it into the County Integrated Development Plan (CIDP) and Annual Development Plan (ADP) as well as overseeing its implementation.

Issue Recommendation 5.1 Some of the laws, policies and measures have had 5.1 Promote the public participation during develop- negative effects among the communities that feel they ments, implementation and reviews of laws, policies are being marginalized. and measures. 5.2 Laws that hinder citizen freedoms, religious practices and expression act as catalyst to radicalization .

6. Media and Online Platforms Violent extremists have widely used the social media to recruit and spread the propaganda messages. CVE actors should equally invest and use the social media as a tool of preventing violent extremism. Local radio stations should be used for disseminating and giving counter narratives. The CVE message packaging should improve so that it is appealing to the youth. There is need to further develop Information, Education and communication (IEC) materials with short punchy messages on stickers, T-shirts’, lessos, umbrellas and other platforms.

45 ISIOLO COUNTY ACTION PLAN ON PREVENTION AND COUNTERING VIOLENT EXTREMISM(ICAP P/CVE) 2018 - 2022

Issue Recommendation 6.1 The media have not been adequately prepared to 6.1Advocate for CT and CVE desks in media houses. report on radicalization and VE. 6.2 Develop a curriculum for training journalists on CT 6.2 The social media has often been used as a virtual and CVE. space to spread radicalization and VE propaganda. 6.3 Regular consultation and briefing meetings with the media.

7. National and County Government Relations During the stakeholders’ fora, participants appealed for closer working relationship between the county and national government for successful implementation of the ICAP. Issue Recommendation 7.1 Irregular interactions between county and national 7.1 Regular engagement between the county and the na- government. tional government through the County Engagement 7.2 Relationship between county and national govern- Forum (CEF) and County Policing Authority (CPA). ment dependent on the relationship between the 7.2 There is need for regular consultation and engage- governor and the county commissioner/the national ment on CVE programme and trend updates. government. 7.3 Concerns that the county government and the county assembly are not active participants in the CVE activities in the county.

8. Political It was noted that a section of the politicians use threat of VE to intimidate mainly the youths who are opposed to have their political ideologies. There was lack of political goodwill especially from the politicians in CVE programmes and this may hurt successful implementation of the ICAP. The political parties’ manifestos, By- laws and other policies should be able to assist in CVE. Politicians have weakened the institution of elders by using the divide and rule tactics and making elders split on some issues especially during the election and in subsequently emerging discourses such as CVE processes. Political leaders only listen to religious leaders, they (religious leaders) can proac- tively engage political leaders so that they join the hands and support CVE initiatives.

46 Issues Recommendations 8.1 The presence of high political temperatures especial- 8.1 Actively involve elected leaders in CVE activities in ly during the electioneering period can provide VEO the country particularly during the implementation with the opportunity to engage in violent extremist of the ICAP. activities. 8.2 The elected political leaders to honour their pledge 8.2 Some politicians misuse the youth during elections especially that which focuses on the youth empower- but abandon them after the elections hence making ment. them vulnerable to VE recruiter and other criminal gangs. 8.3 The Co-chairs in the ICAP implementation to en- 8.3 Politicians are not actively involved in CVE initiatives gage all the political leaders at all political levels.

9. Psychosocial Factors Different VE actors especially the returnees, reforming extremists, families (especially the children and women) and people who interact with these groups face different traumatic experiences and are in need of psychosocial support. Professionals in this field have not been fully engaged in the CVE activities yet cases of trauma resulting from the radicalization and VE have been reported. There is need for more programmes targeting the various faces of the health sector in P/CVE activities

Issue Recommendation 9.1 Lack of the psychosocial support (PSS) facilities to 9.1 Provide for mobilization of psychosocial support fa- handle cases of those affected by the radicalization cilities and personnel to support those affected by the such as the returnees and the families affected by VE radicalization and VE. A clear trauma healing policy trauma should be developed to make the psychosocial support available within accessible health facilities

47 ISIOLO COUNTY ACTION PLAN ON PREVENTION AND COUNTERING VIOLENT EXTREMISM(ICAP P/CVE) 2018 - 2022

10. Security Police handling of VE through such actions as arbitrary arrests, harassment, false accusations, profiling and deten- tion without trial pushes more youths into radicalization. It is also important that the security agencies need to focus on the perennial conflict which might provide VEOs with the opportunity to further their agenda by exposing the youth to their ideologies and arms which hardens and provides skilled armed users and ready targets. . Exposure to violence and loss of livelihoods (pastoralist families) may become a recipe for radicalization – youth find joining VE groups as a way out. There is also an urgent need to include ATPU in CVE discussions and strengthening of community and security agencies through Nyumba Kumi and Community Policing. There is a disconnect between Countering Violent Extremism (CVE) and Countering Terrorism (CT). Excessive use of force by the state in handling VE limits the adoption and use of Alternative Disputes Resolution (ADR) processes.

Issues Recommendation 10.1 Mistrust between security agencies and the com- 10.1 Engage county security agencies especially the munity due to alleged harassment of VE suspects ATPU in implementation of the ICAP. such as Imams, Sheikhs and the youth especially by 10.2 Build trust between the security agencies and the the ATPU. community through regular engagement forums 10.2 Regular inter-clan conflicts especially on the bor- and information sharing. All the land and boundary der/land issues. disputes should be resolved amicably. 10.3 Conflicts between pastoralists and agriculturalists 10.3 Activate model that operationalize the resource over pastures and water. sharing . 10.4 Other criminal justice actors such as the Depart- 10.4 Operationalize the County Policing Authority. ment of Public Prosecution, the judiciary, probation 10.5 Engage the community elders and the faith leaders department and the prisons have not been actively in addressing community conflicts. involved in CVE. They have also not undergone the 10.6 Address issues around the pastoralists and encour- relevant trainings on counter terrorism and CVE age co-existence between them and the agriculture in spite of the fact that they handle VE suspects. practicing communities. 10.5 Hostility between communities may give VE groups 10.7Actively involve the justice actors such as the De- a gateway to propagate their narratives. partment of Public Prosecution, the judiciary, the probation department and the prisons in CVE capacity building and implementation of the CVE activities.

48 11. Training and Capacity building Current CVE training and capacity building is mainly being done by the civil society. The government, both at the national and the county level has not rolled out any visible training, including capacity building trainings. The inclusion of CVE in the CIDP may help address this gap. CVE training should target all the major stakeholders including the security agencies who are not well grounded in CVE issues. All citizens especially the CVE actors should benefit from the regular training and capacity building to strengthen their skills to participate in CVE activities. Scholars and those with the religious authority should be supported to develop counter narratives. Sensitive and responsible journalism training for media houses should be done to empower the media to improve its reporting of CT and CVE as part of its citizen training and capacity building agenda.

Issue Recommendation 11.1 Low level of awareness regarding P/CVE by many 11.1 All stakeholders should be targeted for the tai- communities affected by radicalization and VE lor made training and the capacity building pro- 11.2 Various departments of government and the crimi- grammes. nal justice system lack adequate capacity to handle VE cases.

12. Women Women and youths were identified as major resources in Isiolo County and should play prominent roles in implementing the ICAP. There is need to support the women and women led organizations that have shown keen interest in CVE. Targeted trauma healing sessions for women should be organized because of the level of vulnerability especially when their sons and daughters join VEOs. There is also need to popularize UNSCR 1325 and 2242 that promotes women in peace and security. Strengthening EWAVE center and establishment of social support networks (VE affected families network) could also contribute towards implementing this pillar.

Issue Recommendation 12.1 Collective Women socio-economic Initiatives: 12. 2 Work with Women CVE Champions: There is a There are numerous women groups, initiatives large group of women who have been victims of and networks all which work in distinct spaces. VE; it could be useful to work in developing one of Bringing them together provides an opportunity to them or the office of the County Women represen- ‘voice’ issues that concerns them. Each of the three tatives to lead the three target sub-counties. So far, sub-counties should have regular convening’s- per- visible champions of CVE are largely men thus in- haps once after six months for three years for this creasing the perception and imagery of masculinity category of actors. of VE in Kenya.

49 ISIOLO COUNTY ACTION PLAN ON PREVENTION AND COUNTERING VIOLENT EXTREMISM(ICAP P/CVE) 2018 - 2022

4.2 Strategic Pillars Ranking

No Pillar Rating 1 Education 2 Access to justice 3 Faith and Ideology 4 Women 5 Psychosocial 6 Security 7 County and National Government relationship 8 Art and Culture 9 Political pillar 10 Media and Online 11 Training and Capacity building 12 Law and Policy

In order of priority, education, access to justice, faith and ideology are issues that need urgent ac- 4.3 Isiolo CAP-P/CVE- Engagement Organogram tion as there is a strong positive correlation between This Action Plan has been developed by the stakeholders countering violent extremism and the highlighted in Isiolo County as their commitment to the Prevention pillars. Education institutions were vouched for as and Countering Violent Extremism. Its implementation the breeding grounds for violent extremism while shall be steered through the County CVE Engagement Fo- access to justice presents itself in the context of re- rum which is guided by the NCTC and CCEF should have lationships between the police and residents of this not more than 15 members. region. Further to this, faith and ideology evidenced as a variable that contributes immensely to violent The CCEF shall be co-chaired by the County Commis- extremism. In essence, therefore, there is need to tri- sioner and the Governor of the County of Isiolo. Working angulate the pillars as there is evidenced correlation with them at the County CVE Engagement Forum shall when addressing aspects of violent extremism. be representatives of the various stakeholders and the department of the national government with the mandate to deliver or provide policy guidance on the various pillars. The diagram below provides the graphic summary of this structure

Leader Members Education

Leader Members Women Rule of Law

Leader Members Policy Legal and

al Leader Members pyscosoci

and Gov Leader Members

County National Access to Information

Leader Members

Justice } Access to

Link

and Leader Members Media Online Secretariat

{Isiolo Peace Leader Members Security

The Country Engagement Forum Leader Members Political CC} {Governor} {CSOs} {FBOs } {Judiciary and GoK departments }} {

Inclusive

Development

Leader Members building Trainning &Capacity

Leader Members Culture Art and

and Inclusive Leader Members Idiology Citizenship Faith based

4.4 The Isiolo County P/CVE Action Plan

51 ISIOLO COUNTY ACTION PLAN ON PREVENTION AND COUNTERING VIOLENT EXTREMISM(ICAP P/CVE) 2018 - 2022

4.5 Pillar clusters To aid in the implementation and organising the CVE Engagement Forum, four clusters have been developed. These clusters shall also serve as the categories for monitoring results. In essence, the clusters have used language and expressions that are less abstract and as such indicative of the focus yearned for. The clusters are shown below:

ICAP Working Groups

Cluster Pillars No. of Pillars Inclusive Citizenship Faith based and ideological 3

Rule Of Law Legal , policy and security 3 Access to justice

Inclusive Development County and National Government 3 Liaison Women Political

Access To Information Education, training and capacity building and online media 3

4.6 Mandate of the County CVE Engagement tegration especially between the persons of differ- Forum ent faiths and language groups. The main role of the County CVE Engagement 4. To promote the networking and the cooperation Forum is to steer the implementation of strate- between the state (National and County) and gies in the Isiolo C/PVE Action Plan. The more non-state actors specific tasks are to guide in the implementation of the activities that shall fulfil the follow- More specifically there should be an effort to reduce ing objectives of the Isiolo CAP: duplication, focus on the priority pillars and secure 1. To build resilience towards the violent ex- higher impact. Such efforts should contribute to the tremism. following intents of the NSCVE: 2. To promote human dignity, the security and • Countering violent extremist ideologies, violent access to justice for all. cultism and separatism. 3. To enhance the county cohesion and the in-

52 • Promoting patriotism for Kenya’s nationhood, and expertise against radicalization within and strengthened citizenship. the security and the government agencies. • Enhancing the government (national and county) • Relevant MDAs should ensure the effective support to the local communities that are targeted utilization of law enforcement to deter and by the violent extremists. prosecute the recruiters and to protect the • Developing radicalization early warning and ear- communities and the citizens from intimi- ly intervention measures with due regard to risk dation by violent extremists. assessment and the security of the individual and • There should be continuous research on the their immediate environment. evolution and manifestation of violent ex- • With due regard for security imperatives, coordi- tremist ideologies, organizational models, nated action and existing mandates, seek to sup- and radicalization methodologies. port the rehabilitation and reintegration efforts • Prevention and countering of violent ex- for individuals who disengage from violent extremism to offer clear pathways and guide- tremism. lines for stakeholders’ engagement. • Developing expertise in non-coercive approaches

53 ISIOLO COUNTY ACTION PLAN ON PREVENTION AND COUNTERING VIOLENT EXTREMISM(ICAP P/CVE) 2018 - 2022

4.6 Learning 4.8 Evaluation Monthly CCEF meetings will be used as avenues for An independent mid-term evaluation will be done continuous learning and the sharing of information. during the 2.5th year of implementing the ICAP. A This will also be done through the monthly monitor- final independent evaluation will be conducted not ing reports and the stakeholders’ activity reports. To later than 6 months after the expiry of the five years achieve this effectively, the CCEF shall ensure that of the ICAP. The final evaluation report will form the the capacity of partners is built to document lessons next ICAP. learnt and share information. 4.9 Conclusion Learning will be done at various levels such as peer to The Isiolo County Action Plan is a very important peer (among stakeholders), CCEF and the stakehold- first step towards eradicating radicalization and vio- ers, CCEF, partners and development partners, from lent extremism in Isiolo County. However, this docu- NCTC and other CVE actors locally and internation- ment alone will not have much impact in the absence ally. Exchange visits and information sharing will be of concerted multi-stakeholder approach to address key learning strategies. Inter-county learning will also challenges such as lack of access to education and be encouraged. skills enhancement opportunities, unemployment especially among the youth, increasing number of street 4.7 Reporting children in Isiolo town, inter-border and pastoralist Stakeholders and monitoring reports will be done related conflicts among others. monthly. Review reports will be done annually while the evaluation reports will be done mid and end term. Implementing the ICAP will also require adopting ‘no To improve the quality of reporting, baseline and tar- one left out’ strategy. Each sector of the population of get indicators will be established and compared with Isiolo must feel involved. Specific programmes need actual indicators annually. Various reports will be to be tailored to address challenges affecting the vul- shared with the national and county governments and nerable groups of people such as the PLWDs, return- key stakeholders both locally and internationally. ees, children, youth and women. Women particularly occupy a very unique position regarding the VE and CVE, often finding themselves at the center of perpet- uating VE as well as preventing and countering VE.

54 55 2021 2020 2019 Implementation Schedule 2018 Amount Kshs 100,000,000 - Participant Lists. Participant Reports. Progress Spot Check/Feed back. and Pictures Videos Means of Verification • • • • - - No. ofNo. Stakeholders engaged in coordination and synergy created No of engagement fo rums conducted ofNo. supporters from donors and County Gov ernment ofNo. warning early alerts issued and response activated. Indicator • • • • - - - - Faith Based Organi Faith and traditional zations Institutions (Elders) Civil Society Organiza tions Learning Institutions Media Commit District Peace tees and Community Committees/ Policing Ambas Nyumba Kumi sadors Stakeholders • • • • • - - - 1.1 Training workshops workshops 1.1 Training of 30 Trainer for Trainers sub in the three (TOT) each counties (10 from sub-county) culminating into pool of county TOTs. 1.2 Conduct 20 Communi and Sensiti ty Awareness in every (two forums zation by in the ten wards Ward) 2019 June 1.3 Conduct 10 CVE Symposiums Knowledge College and Secondary, for in each Students University of the 10 wards. 1.4 Conduct 10 CVE and awareness knowledge 10 primarysession for of in each schools the 10 wards. 1.5 Conduct 3 CVE and aware knowledge 90 out ofness sessions for of in each youths schools the 3 sub-counties(30 from sub-county) each Strategic Objective 1: To help Isiolo community to understand and build resilience against the violent extremism. resilience and build to understand help Isiolo community 1: To Objective Strategic Activity • • • • • Annex 1: Implementation Matrix in the Isiolo County and the principles of governance enhance partnership in the implementation of constitutional values goal of this ICAP is to The overall violent extremism. and counter prevent to order 56 - 100,000,000 - Participant Lists. Participant Reports. Progress Spot Check/Feed back. and Pictures Videos • • • • - Integration of policing with & Nyumba Kumi initiatives community No of organized forums and the public between police as strategy for rela a cordial building tionship. ofNo. sport tournaments police between organized in the 3 and youths sub-counties. ofNo. joint symposiums organized or workshops security agencies between and the public • • • • - - - - Criminal Justice Institu Criminal Justice Police tions-The Kenya Department ofService, Public. County Government, Government National and elected leaders. The Judi Prosecution, The department ciary, of and the probation Prisons Services. Kenya Business Community Pro and Professionals, fessional Associations. Civil Society Organiza tions • • • • • - - - - - 2.1 By 2020 ensure that that 2.1 By 2020 ensure all OCS and their depu trained in ties in Isiolo are speaking citizens protecting out against violent extrem policing, ism; community engagement and positive in supporting the their role P/CVE aims in their daily work. and all chiefs 2.2 Train on their role sub-chiefs with the com working P/CVE to attain munity goals. quarterly 2.3 Organize Open Police Community of in each Days the 3 po lice divisions. 2.4 Conduct 6 (2 in each sub-county) Capacity for Building Workshops Struc Policing Community tures all MCAs and 2.5 Sensitize political leaders on the role of political leadership in P/CVE. 2.6 Conduct bi-annual and reflection CEF review meeting. Strategic Objective 2: To strengthen the trust between the communities in Isiolo and the security services as a way of in Isiolo and the security services as a way the communities the trust between strengthen part a productive building 2: To Objective Strategic the violent extremism. and resisting in preventing nership • • • • • •

57 2,000,000 - Participant Lists. Participant Reports. Progress Spot Check/Feed back. and Pictures. Videos Newspaper articles. • • • • • - - - Consensus and approval Consensus and approval of Narratives Counter- and its dissemination ofNo. cultural institu tions and faith based for targeted organizations ofdissemination non-vi olent narratives. ofNo. cultural events the between organized ethnic different groups ofNo. dia inter-faith organized. logue forum • • • • - - The mainstream media The mainstream reporters in Isiolo Local journalists from radio sta community tions. Bloggers and other in ternet news sources News Agency Kenya County Government media team. • • • • • ------3.1 Undertake bi-annual 3.1 Undertake bi-annual media training and sensi aim to that events tization the agreement ofachieve reporters and editors in promote Isiolo to actively and inter-reli inter-ethnic gious harmony. 3.2 Monthly Local Radio engagement of Clerics in and dissemi sensitization ofnation Counter Narra tives. 3.4 Integration of sensi with the forum tization cultural events. least at that 3.5 Ensure articles and 4 stories 2(two) month. every aired least one at 3.6 Organize to year every cultural event participants and sensitize audiences on inter-ethnic harmoand inter-religious and the need to reject ny aims and violent extremist messages. 3.7 Undertake annual of (or indexing) survey the show that attitudes to the CEF and progress the leadership of Isiolo County. Strategic Objective 3: To enhance county cohesion and integration especially between persons of enhance county cohesion and integration persons especially between faiths and language 3: To different groups. Objective Strategic • • • • • •

58 5,000,000 Participant Lists. Participant Reports. Progress Spot Check/Feedback. and Pictures. Videos No of joint meetings held and the state between actors. non-state No of joint capacity sessions strengthening the state held between actors. and non-State No of joint interventions the state in CVE between actors. and non-state • • • - - - National and county National Government. CSOs/NGOs working on VE. UN AGENCIES The Judi Prosecution, The department ciary, of and the probation Prisons Services. Kenya Business Community. and and Professionals Associa Professional tions. Civil Society Organisa tions. and County National Government All CVE partners in Isiolo. • • • • • • • • - - 4.1 Organize CVE part 4.1 Organize ner mapping with support in a NCTC-NCTC from operation bid to facilitate framework. alization 4.2Conduct bi-annual capacity strengthening the state sessions between actors. and non-state 4.3.By 2019, gain training CAP entry into the NCTC monitoring and evaluation will support the tool that M&E of and help the CEF, and support rally resources to CAP actors in Isiolo. Strategic Objective 4: To promote networking and cooperation between state (National and County) non-state actor and cooperation between networking promote 4: To Objective Strategic • • •

59 Total Total % 100 100 100 100 Business Community % 5 5 5 5 Institutions % 5 5 5 5 CSOs % 30 30 30 30 Development Development Partners % 40 40 40 40 County Government % 10 10 10 10 National Government % 10 10 10 10 Pillar to understand and build help Isiolo community 1: To Objective against violent extremism. resilience the the trust between strengthen 2: To Objective Strategic of in Isiolo and the security services as a way communities and resisting partnership in preventing a productive building violent extremism. enhance county cohesion and 3: To Objective Strategic personsintegration of especially between faiths and different language groups. and cooperation networking promote 4: To Objective Strategic actors. and County) non-state (National state between No 1. 2. 3. 4. Annex 2: Fundraising Strategies 60 Budget 100,000,000 100,000,000 2,000,000 5,000,000 207,000,000 Strategic Objectives Strategic against violent extremism. resilience to understand and build help Isiolo community 1: To Objective of in Isiolo and the security services as a way the communities the trust between strengthen partnership a productive building 2: To Objective Strategic violent extremism. and resisting in preventing persons enhance county cohesion and integration of especially between 3: To Objective Strategic faiths and language different groups. actors. and County) non-state (National state between and cooperation networking promote 4: To Objective Strategic Total No. 1. 2. 3. 4. Annex 3: Budget Summary 61 - - Assumptions and Risks Means of Verification Actual Indicators Target

Baseline Indicator Output No. Annex 4 : Annual Reviews Annex 4 : of state The annual of reviews Annual of the implementation the CEF. the ICAP will be conducted by Isiolo Coun annual to the proposed shall be presented the ICAP report of on implementation shall include: Progress report The review achieve key ICAP activities, the review. will be used to summarize matrix The following ty CVE conference. to the lessons learnt. and respond challenges issues, the emerging to address and recommendations challenges lessons learnt, issues, key ments reported, emerging 1 Outcome Area 62 Comments Status Not started Not started Not started Not started ------Resources Required Resources venue, Facilitators, participants meals, participants reim PA-sys bursable, tem, mobilization and stationery. venue, Facilitators, participants meals, participants reim PA-sys bursable, tem, mobilization and stationery. venue, Facilitators, participants meals, participants reim PA-sys bursable, tem, mobilization and stationery. Completion Dates Nov-18 Jan-18 October 2018 and 2018 March ------Lead Based Orga Faith and tra nizations ditional institutions (Elders) Civil Society Orga nizations District TOTs, Committees Peace and Community Com Policing mittees/Nyumba Ambassadors Kumi County Commis sioner , governor and CCEF mem bers - - - Isiolo County CVE Engagement Forum (ICCEF) Isiolo County CVE Engagement Forum Activities Key 1.1 Training 30 for workshops ofTrainer Train in the ers (TOT) sub counties three each (10 from sub-county) culmi into pool ofnating county TOTs. Conduct 10 CVE and knowledge sessions awareness 10 primary for of in each schools the 10 wards. 2.6 conduct bi-an CEF review nual and reflection meeting. - - Success Indicator of No. Stakehold ers engaged in and coordination synergy created. ofNo. warn early ing alerts issued and responses activated. ofNo. CCEF meeting s held. - - Isiolo County Action Plan To Counter Violent Extremism Counter Violent Isiolo County Action Plan To Plan (October 2018-September 2019) 1 Operation Year Agency: Implimentation Goal Objective Strategic help Isiolo 1: To to un community derstand and build against resilience violent extremism. Objective Strategic strengthen 2: To the trust between the communities in Isiolo and the security services as ofa way a building partner productive ship in preventing violent and resisting extremism. Annex 5: Operations Schedule 63 Not started Not started Not started Not started Not started ------Facilitators, venue, venue, Facilitators, participants meals, participants reim PA-sys bursable, tem, mobilization and stationery Radio airtime, present guests, ers and transport to reimbursements guests venue, Facilitators, participants meals, participants reim PA-sys bursable, tem, mobilization and stationery Mobilization, reimbursements to journalists and contributors mobiliza Venue, for tion, allowances performers, meals, media, PA-System, materials publicity March 2018 and March 2018 August Monthly Quarterly Monthly Dec-19 - - - - The mainstream The mainstream media reporters Local in Isiolo, journalists from radio community Bloggers stations, and other internet Ken news sources, news agency and ya County Govern ment media team Local journalists community from radio stations Based Orga Faith and tra nizations ditional institutions (Elders) Local journalists community from radio stations leaders Traditional ------3.1 Undertake media bi-annual training and sensi that events tization the aim to achieve agreement of re porters and editors in Isiolo to actively inter-eth promote nic and inter-reli gious harmony. 3.2 Monthly Local Radio engagements of clerics in sensiti and dissem zation ofination Counter Narratives. 3.4 Integration of forum sensitization with the cultural events at that 3.5 Ensure articles least 2 (two) and 4 stories aired month. every at 3.6 Organize least one cultural year every event partici to sensitize pants and audienc es on inter-ethnic and inter-religious harmony and the vio need to reject aims lent extremist and messages. ------Consensus and ap ofproval Counter Narratives. ofNo. cultural in stitutions and faith based organisations dissem for targeted ofination non-vio lent narratives. ofNo. cultural be organized event the different tween ethnic groups ofNo. articles pub lished and stories aired ofNo. cultural held per year events - Strategic Objec Strategic enhance 3: To tive county cohesion and integration especially between persons of different faiths and language groups

Not started Not started Not started Not started - - - - - Consultant, re assistants, search collection data meals venues, tools, and transport reim during bursement and preparatory meetings validation mobiliza Venue, for tion, allowances performers, meals, media, PA-System, materials publicity mobiliza Venue, for tion, allowances performers, meals, media, PA-System, materials publicity mobiliza Venue, for tion, allowances performers, meals, media, PA-System, materials publicity Jan-20 Feb-19 2019 and June December 2019 Feb-19 ------CCEF and consul tants and coun National ty Government, CSOs/NGOs on VE and working UN agencies the Ju Prosecution, the depart diciary, ment of probation, Prisons the Kenya business Services, and community and professionals associ professional ations Civil Society Orga National nizations, and county Gov ernment and All CVE partners in Isiolo - - - - - 3.7 Undertake (or survey annual ofindexing) atti the show tudes that CEF the to progress and the leadership of Isiolo County. 4.1 Conduct map ping of activities avail and budget and state for able actors in non-state the County 4.2Conduct capac bi-annual ity strengthening sessions between and non-state state actors. 4.3. By 2019, gain training entry into CAP the NCTC monitoring and tool that evaluation will support the M&E of the CEF, and help rally re and support sources to CAP actors in Isiolo. - - - - No. ofNo. done surveys No of joint meet ings held between and non- the state actors. state No of joint capac ity strengthening sessions held be and the state tween actors. non-State No of joint inter in CVE ventions the state between and non-state actors. - - Strategic Objec Strategic promote 4: To tive and co networking between operation and (National state County) and non- actors. state

List Of ICAP Partners