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The University of Calgary the Hurnan History of the Yellowhead Corridor

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The University of Calgary the Hurnan History of the Yellowhead Corridor The University of Calgary The Hurnan History of the Yellowhead Corridor: Recommendations for a Cultural Interpretive Program for Jasper National Park A Masters Degree Project submitted to the Facuity of Environmental Design in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Environmental Design (Environmental Science). Calgary. Alberta 'Jovember. 1997 O Susan Alexandra Jane de Caen 1997 National Library Bibliothèque nationale 1+1 of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Services services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395, nie Wellington OttawaON K1AON4 OttawaON KIAOM Canada Canada The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive permettant à la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or sell reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de microfiche/fïl.m, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts fi-om it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or othewise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. ABSTRACT The Human History of the Yellowhead Comdor: Recommendations for a Cultural Interpretive Program for Jasper National Park Susan Alexandra Jane de Caen November, 1997 prepared in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree in the Faculty of Environmental Design. The University of Calgary Walter Jamieson Jasper National Park consists of 10,878 square kilornetres of protected lands along the eastern dope of west-central Alberta's Rocky Mountains. This thesis identifies the need for a cultural interpretive program alonp the Yellowhead Corridor within this park and develops recommendations for how this need might be filled. A conceptual frarnework of the topic of interpretation is provided. and this background is used as a bais for assessment of Jasper National Park's interpretive needs. Based on this assessment. the Yellowhead Comdor is identified as the area of the park most in need of interpretive opponunities. The scope of the project extends to incorporate the gateway communities of Hinton. Alberta and Valemount. British Columbia. With the theme defined as the Human History of the Yellowhead Comdor. and interpretive program objectives designed to increasc visitor awareness of the significance of relationships between humas and the natural resources of the Yellowhead Comdor. design and layout recornmendations for a cultural interpretive program for the park are presented. Key Words Al berta Automobile guide British Columbia History Interpretation Jasper National Park Prehistory YeIIowhead Corridor ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many people and institutions provided assistance and suppon that made the completion of this Master's Degree Project possible. My cornmittee served a key role. 1 would like to thank my supervisor Dr. Walter Jamieson for his patience and the encouragement he provided from the start. My extemal committee member. Dr. Dianne Draper. also provided many hours of support, in many cases far beyond the cal1 of duty . 1 am also indebted to Dr. Bill Ross for the many red marks that (or is that which?) he used to point me in the nght direction. I believe. because of their input. my committee allowed me to produce a more professional document. Financial support came from several institutions. Parks Canada provided a generous grant to cover costs incurred through the entire project. Alberta Historical Resources Foundation provided funds to coïer travel to and frorn. and costs incurred while in the Jasper area. In addition. the Faculty of Environmental Design provided a partial GRS. 1 would like to thank Sandy Aumonier for the words of wisdom she had as an EVDS alumnist and the backing she provided in getting this project off the ground. Many thanks go to Rod Wallace. Jim Todgham. and many other Parks Canada ernployees who provided me with the resources. referrals. and feedback necessary to complete this MDP. -4 big thanks goes to Kevin Thorson. who provided many hours of assistance helping me prepare the graphics for the brochure. Finally. he'll be able to tell people exactly what the pictures were for! Last. but definitely not least. 1 would like to thank my parents for their emotional and financial support for the duration of my MDP. Table of Contents Introduction 1 Background 1 Goal 3 Objectives 3 Methods 3 Document Structure 9 C hapter 1 - Interpretation 1O What is Interpretation? 10 Why do we Interpret? 13 How do we Interpret? 15 Surnrnary 26 Chapter 2 - Interpretation in Jasper National Park 28 Purpose 28 Methods 28 1. Assessing Jasper National Park's Interpretive Resources 28 2. Recommendations for Interpretive Location. Scope. Theme. Objectives. Target Audience. and Msdium 34 Discussion 35 1. Assessing Jasper National Park's Interpretive Resources and Identifying an Interpretive Therne 35 2. Recommendations 49 Surnrnary 55 Chapter 3 - Establishinp Interpretiw Opportuniries Along the Yellowhead Corridor - 59 Discussion 63 Chapter 4 - The Interpretive Program IO1 Conclusion 1 03 References 1 06 Appendix A - Questionnaire 120 Appendix B - The Interpretive Program 135 List of Tables Table 1. Non-persona1 and persona1 interpretive media and their pros and cons 19 2. Jasper National Park's interpretive objectives 38 3. Primary audience locations and degree of interpretation available at each 41 1. Characteristics of audience locations lacking interpretation 32 5. The scope. theme. objectives. target audience. and interpretive medium 59 for Jasper National Park's new interpretive program. as defined in Chapter 2 List of Figures Figure 1. Regional setting of Jasper National Park -7 2. Flowchart illustrating relation of assigned taslis to project objectives 4 3. The interpretarion process 15 4. Locations of sites in Jasper National Park mentioned in text 40 5. Roads and stops mentioned in text 6 1 vii Introduction Background Jasper National Park is Canada's largest Rocky Mountain national park, consisting of 10.878 square kilometres of protected lands lying dong the eastem slope of the Rocky Mountains in west-central Alberta. It is bordered on the north by Alberta's Wilmore Wildemess Provincial Park, on the West by British Columbia's Mount Robson and Hamber Provincial Parks, on the south by Banff National Park, and on the east by Alberta's Rocky Mountain Forest Reserve and Bighom Wildland Recreation Area. Not only is Jasper National Park a nature preserve of great proportions. it is also home to cultural resources dating back at least 9.000 years. Gentilcore (1 978) assessed Canadian national parks histoncal themes: with the central criterion being hurnan interaction with the land. He recognized that not only do humans alter the environrnents they choose to occupy. the resources offered them by the land influence their use of these environments. The human history of Jasper National Park exemplifies many interactions between humans and the land. In identifying nationally signiticant thernes and subthemes representative of human interaction with the land. Gentilcore (1978) determined that Jasper National Park provided representation of the following themes and subthemes: Theme Subtheme Native Entry and Senlement Post glacial settlement Post contact native settlement European Entry Exploration and mapping The early fur trade Resource Utilization Farming the land Resource conservation Transpon Developrnent Land transportation (rail and road) Although not recognized by Gentilcore (1978). mining (a subtheme of the resource u:i 1ization theme) is also well-represented in Jasper National Park. Canadian National Parks objectives. defined in the Jasper Park Management Plan (Environment Canada 1988) 1 ) allow for the 'protection and preservation of [natural and cultural] resources"; and 2) enable the "appreciation. understanding. and enjoyment of the parks, their facilities and senices". Together. these objectives recognize culnual resources interpretation as an important Canadian National Parks expenence. Providing the public with interpretive opportunities that supply information on Jasper National Park's cultural history, while hishing insight into past hurnan use of flora. fauna, and non-renewable resources present within the park ha the potential to promote Introduction - --- Figure 1. Regional settiog of Jasper National Park. Map fiom Parks. Western Region. Decernber, 1986. Jasper Cure Concept: Jasper National Park Management Planning Program. Environrnenl Canudu, Calgary, p 6. Introduction 3 public understanding. appreciation. and enjoyment of the park. With this appreciation may corne greater protection and preservation of the park's resources. both natural and cultural, Currently. an interpretive opportunity specifically addressing the dependence of human activities on natural resources does not exist for Jasper National Park. Goal The goal of this Master's Degree Project is to design an interpretive program that has the potential to increase public awareness of the fact that past cultural activities in Jasper National Park were shaped by the availability and types of natural resources offered by the region now incorporated within park boundaries. Objectives The
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