Finding Art at Mount Auburn Cemetery
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Sweet Auburn, Fall 2013
Sweet Auburn Magazine of the Friends of Mount Auburn | Fall 2013 The Art of Memory: Monuments Through Time Fall 2013 | 1 President’sSweet Auburn Corner A publication of the President’s Corner Friends of Mount Auburn Cemetery Many of the pleasures of Mount Auburn are ephemeral, 580 Mount Auburn Street from the brightly-plumaged warblers and vibrant flowers Cambridge, MA 02138 of the spring to the spectacular foliage of the fall. But one 617-547-7105 johnston Jennifer by photo www.mountauburn.org feature remains constant throughout the year–the monuments Editorial Committee erected in the landscape to honor the memory of those buried here. These monuments, ranging from inscribed flat memorials Bree D. Harvey, Editor Vice President of Cemetery & Visitor Services to tall and grand works of sculptural art, appear to be solid Jennifer J. Johnston, Managing Editor unmoving stone, but they have lives of their own, both in Webmaster, Media & Imaging Coordinator the stories they tell and in their presence in the landscape David P. Barnett, Contributing Editor around them. Their stories live on through the research Dave Barnett President & CEO, Mount Auburn Cemetery and educational efforts of our historical collections staff Steve Brown / Preservation Craftsperson and volunteers, while their physical presence lives on through the work of our preservation Jessica Bussmann / Education & Volunteer Coordinator staff. In this issue, we explore the meaning and challenges of maintaining these monuments Jane M. Carroll / Vice President of Development of Mount Auburn and introduce you to the staff responsible for preserving them. We also Dennis Collins / Horticultural Curator provide examples of how new monuments continue to enhance the landscape as new memories and traditions are added to the collection that make the Cemetery a visible Candace Currie / Director of Planning & Sustainability representation of remembrance and love for those who have passed. -
Nathaniel Bowditch from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
Nathaniel Bowditch From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Nathaniel Bowditch (1773-1838), American mathematician and actuary Bowditch is often credited as the founder of modern maritime navigation. Born March 26, 1773 Salem, Province of Massachusetts Bay Died March 16, 1838 (aged 64) Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. Occupation Mathematician, ship's captain, and actuary Spouse(s) Elizabeth Boardman Bowditch, Mary Polly Ingersoll Bowditch Nathaniel Bowditch was an early American mathematician remembered for his work on ocean navigation. He is often credited as the founder of modern maritime navigation; his book The New American Practical Navigator, first published in 1802, is still carried on board every commissioned U.S. Naval vessel. In 2001, an elementary and middle school in Salem was named in his honor. Life and work Nathaniel Bowditch, the fourth of seven children, was born in Salem, Province of Massachusetts Bay, to Habakkuk Bowditch, a cooper, and Mary (Ingersoll) Bowditch. At the age of ten, he was made to leave school to work in his father's cooperage, before becoming indentured at twelve for nine years as a bookkeeping apprentice to a ship chandler. In 1786, age fourteen, Bowditch began to study algebra and two years later he taught himself calculus. He also taught himself Latin in 1790 and French in 1792 so he was able to read mathematical works such as Isaac Newton's Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica. He found thousands of errors in John Hamilton Moore's The New Practical Navigator; at eighteen, he copied all the mathematical papers of the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. -
MOUNT AUBURN CEMETERY Page 1 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form
NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK NOMINATION NFS Form 10-900 USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form (Rev. 8-8 OMB No. 1024-0018 MOUNT AUBURN CEMETERY Page 1 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form 1. NAME OF PROPERTY Historic Name: Mount Auburn Cemetery Other Name/Site Number: n/a 2. LOCATION Street & Number: Roughly bounded by Mount Auburn Street, Not for publication:_ Coolidge Avenue, Grove Street, the Sand Banks Cemetery, and Cottage Street City/Town: Watertown and Cambridge Vicinityj_ State: Massachusetts Code: MA County: Middlesex Code: 017 Zip Code: 02472 and 02318 3. CLASSIFICATION Ownership of Property Category of Property Private: X Building(s): _ Public-Local: _ District: X Public-State: _ Site: Public-Federal: Structure: _ Object:_ Number of Resources within Property Contributing Noncontributing 4 4 buildings 1 ___ sites 4 structures 15 ___ objects 26 8 Total Number of Contributing Resources Previously Listed in the National Register: 26 Name of Related Multiple Property Listing: n/a NFS Form 10-900 USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form (Rev. 8-86) OMB No. 1024-0018 MOUNT AUBURN CEMETERY Page 2 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form 4. STATE/FEDERAL AGENCY CERTIFICATION As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, I hereby certify that this ___ nomination ___ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. -
Ricotta Cheese Recipe
Time Travel Tuesday: All About Cookstoves From hearth cooking to the first gas cookers, kitchens have been greatly upgraded over the last 200 years. Hearth cooking or cooking over a fireplace was common prior to the 18th century. There became an increasing need to improve this system to better use the heat from the fire. Count Rumford, American born, invented what is considered the early stove in the 1790s. It was made of brick masonry but was too cumbersome to be used in domestic settings. In the 1850s cast iron became the prominent material for stoves and allowed people to have them in their homes. These stoves were smaller and burned coal and wood. In the 1880s, following the gas lighting industry, gas stoves became popular due to their smaller size and ease of use. A major convenience was that the gas could be saved by turning it off when the stove was not in use. In our 1890 Farm Manager’s House at Billings Farm & Museum, we have a wood-burning cookstove. Before the invention of the gas stove, homes with cast iron wood burning stoves would move them from the kitchen to an outdoor space called the summer kitchen. This would remove a primary heat source from the house and keep it cooler and more comfortable. Who was Fannie Farmer? Fannie Farmer, born in Massachusetts, became famous for her book The Boston Cooking-School Cook Book, also known as the Fannie Farmer Cookbook, which was first published in 1896. She developed the concept of using standardized measuring tools for her recipes to ensure that those who were making them would come out with the same product each time. -
About the Cover: Laplace and His American Translator
MATHEMATICAL PERSPECTIVES BULLETIN (New Series) OF THE AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY Volume 51, Number 1, January 2014, Pages 131–135 S 0273-0979(2013)01436-8 Article electronically published on September 25, 2013 ABOUT THE COVER: LAPLACE AND HIS AMERICAN TRANSLATOR GERALD L. ALEXANDERSON Pierre Simon, Marquis de Laplace (1749–1827), has often been referred to as the “French Newton”. Much of his scientific work was in extending the work of Newton on the movement of the planets. He was, along with Lagrange, one of the two most able mathematicians in France in the 18th century, though identifying him as a mathematician may be misleading, since he did a combination of what we would today call mathematics, physics, and astronomy. Nevertheless, as R. Hahn, Laplace’s biographer, points out, “Laplace’s fundamental message ... was the same: Newton’s principle of gravitation was the basic true law of nature that fully governed the solar system” [2, p. 144]. He came from a family of modest means, farmers in the Calvados district (Nor- mandy). Not surprisingly the family produced cider. He most certainly was not a marquis from birth. The title came much later after he had been made a count in 1806 by Napoleon I during the First Empire and later a marquis in 1821 by Louis XVIII during the Bourbon Restoration. (Lagrange, his long-time rival, was made a count by Napoleon in 1808 but did not make it to the next step—he died before the Bourbons came back into power.) Early in life he had been interested in some number theory problems and dif- ferential equations, but in the period between 1796 and 1812 he published four major books: his Exposition du syst`eme du monde (1796—l’an IV), the Th´eorie de m´ecanique c´eleste (the first two volumes in 1798 or 1799—l’an VII, the third in 1802, and the fourth in 1805; a fifth volume, mainly devoted to commentary, came out considerably later, in 1825). -
History of Probability (Part 5) – Laplace (1749-1827) Pierre-Simon
History of Probability (Part 5) – Laplace (1749-1827) Pierre -Simon Laplace was born in 1749, when the phrase “theory of probability” was gradually replacing “doctrine of chances.” Assigning a number to the probability of an event was seen as more convenient mathematically than calculating in terms of odds. At the same time there was a growing sense that the mathematics of probability was useful and important beyond analysis of games of chance. By the time Laplace was in his twenties he was a major contributor to this shift. He remained a “giant” of theoretical probability for 50 years. His work, which we might call the foundations of classical probability theory , established the way we still teach probability today. Laplace grew up during a period of tremendous discovery and invention in math and science, perhaps the greatest in modern history, often called the age of enlightenment. In France, as the needs of the country were changing, the role of the major religious groups in higher education was diminishing. Their primary charge remained the education of those who would become the leading religious leaders, but other secular institutions of learning were established, where the emphasis was on math and science rather than theology. Laplace’s father wanted him to be a cleric and sent him to the University of Caen, a religiously oriented college. Fortunately, Caen had excellent math professors who taught the still fairly new calculus. When he graduated, Laplace, against his father’s wishes, decided to go to Paris to become a fulltime mathematician rather than a cleric who could do math on the side. -
Nathaniel Bowditch House AND/OR HISTORIC: Nathaniel Bowditch House
THEME: Scientific Discovery and NATIC .L HISTORIC LA1OMARK "nvention Form 10-300 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (Rev. 6-72) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Massachusetts COUNTY: NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Essex .(NATIONAL FISTOHI(J NVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY LANDMAEiiS) ENTRY DATE (Type all entries complete applicable sections) Nathaniel Bowditch House AND/OR HISTORIC: Nathaniel Bowditch House STREET AND NUMBER: 9 North Street CITY OR TOWN: CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT: Salem Sixth COUNTY: Massachusetts 025 Essex 009 CATEGORY ACCESSIBLE OWNERSHIP STATUS (Check One) TO THE PUBLIC District (jg Building Public Public Acquisition: Occupied Yes: £3 Restricted Site Q Structure Private || In Process Unoccupied [~] Unrestricted D Object Both [ | Being Considered Preservation work in progress D No PRESENT USE (Check One or More as Appropriate) [ I Agricultural ffi Government D Pork [ I Transportation [ I Comments [ | Commercial [ | Industrial [ | Private Residence D Other (Specify) [ | Educational n Military [ | Religious PI Entertainment [ | Museum D Scientific OWNER'S NAME: City of Salem, Office of the Mayor STREET AND NUMBER: City Hall, 93 Washington Street CITY OR TOWN: STATE: CODF Salem Massachusetts -QZ1 COURTHOUSE, REGISTRY OF DEEDS, ETC: Essex Registry of Deeds, Southern District STREET AND NUMBER: 32 Federal Street Cl TY OR TOWN: STATE Salem Massachusetts 025 TITLE OF SURVEY: None DATE OF SURVEY: D Federal State [[] County Local DEPOSITORY FOR SURVEY RECORDS: STREET AND NUMBER: CITY OR TOWN: STATE: (Check One) Excellent Sf Good Q] Fair Q Deteriorated Q Ruins D Unexposed CONDITION (Check One; ("Check One) Altered Q] Unaltered Moved Q Original Site DESCRIBE THE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL (if fcnoivn,) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE The Nathaniel Bowditch House was constructed early in the 19th century on Essex Street in Salem, Massachusetts; it was moved to its present location at 9 North Street, Salem, c. -
Nathaniel B, Actuarial 2017
Nathaniel Bowditch: A Great Early U.S. Mathematician and Navigator, Who Earned his Living Through Insurance M. A. (Ken) Clements and Nerida Ellerton Illinois State University Presented at Illinois State University Actuarial Research Event May 5, 2017 We start with a quiz: What were the most Populated U.S. “cities,” in 1700, 1790, and 1800? [Source: Internet (for 1700) and U.S. Census, for 1790, 1800] 1700 Boston, 6 700; New York, 4 900; Philadelphia, 4 400. 1790 1800 Philadelphia 49 000 Philadelphia 62 000 New York 33 000 New York 60 000 Boston 18 000 Baltimore 26 000 Charleston 16 000 Boston 25 000 Baltimore 14 000 Charleston 19 000 Salem, MA 8 000 Salem, MA 9 500 In 1800, Salem had the highest mean per-capita income of any urban center in the United States. Elias Derby, of Salem, was, reputedly, the nation’s richest person (Peabody Essex Museum, undated). He is said to have been North America’s first millionaire. Salem had become famous for something more than its notorious witch trial. It was well known for its lucrative shipping links to India, and its contributions to the spice trade. Elias Hasket Derby (1739-1799) Elias Hasket Derby, at one time (from a painting by James reputedly North America’s richest Frothingham (1786-1864) person, established a school of navigation in Salem for young seamen He hired competent teachers, and many young men availed themselves of this opportunity. [Phillips, J. D. (1947). Salem and the Indies: The story of the great commercial era of the city. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, p. -
A Brief Sketch of the Life of Nathaniel Bowditch
A Brief Sketch of the Life of Nathaniel Bowditch As long as ships shall sail, the needle point to the north, and the stars go through their wonted courses in the heavens, the name of Dr. Bowditch will be revered as one who helped his fellow man in a time of need … Extract from a resolution of the Salem Marine Society following the death of Nathaniel Bowditch Humble Beginnings Just how did a boy born in Salem Massachusetts, who was so poor that one of his chores was to carry a shovel full of hot coals from the big house with the seven gables that sat at the end of his street home to light the fire in the kitchen fireplace, become so revered? The chore of ‘carrying fire’ was a difficult and responsible job for a young boy to have. When the fire went out, hot coals were needed to rekindle the wood and start the flames burning again. The fireplaces in homes of this era were very large and depended on to cook all the food, heat hot water, and keep the house warm. So keeping the fire burning at all times was necessary. Even though Nathaniel was young and not very strong, he carried the hot and heavy shovel of burning coals up Turner Street from what is now known as the House of the Seven Gables to his family home. Nathaniel Bowditch learned at a very young age to be responsible and diligent in his chores. And, although he started off life in a poor and humble family, with very little education, he became highly respected throughout the world for his mathematical and scientific accomplishments. -
Salem Maritime National Historic Site Transportation System Existing Conditions
National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Salem Maritime National Historic Site Salem, Massachusetts Salem Maritime National Historic Site Transportation System Existing Conditions PMIS No. 99923 November 2010 Report notes This report was prepared by the U.S. Department of Transportation John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The Project Team was led by Michael Dyer, of the Infrastructure and Facility Engineering Division, and included Alex Linthicum of the Transportation Systems Planning and Assessment Division. This effort was undertaken in fulfillment of PMIS 99923. The project statement of work was included in the August 2008 interagency agreement between the Northeast Region of the National Park Service and the Volpe Center (F4505087777). Table of Contents 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................... 1 2 Project overview ................................................................................................................................................. 1 3 Overview of Salem ............................................................................................................................................. 2 4 Park location and attractions ........................................................................................................................... 5 5 Visitation ............................................................................................................................................................ -
Nathaniel Bowditch (1773–1838): Christian Self-Government & Self-Education in the Field of Mathematics by Darold Booton, Jr
The Foundation for American Christian Education Forming Christian Character in Children . Since 1965! Principle Approach Education Nathaniel Bowditch (1773–1838): Christian self-Government & self-eduCation in the field of mathematiCs by Darold Booton, Jr. INTRODUCTION Verna M. Hall observed that, “Each religion has a form of government, and Christianity astonished the world by establishing self-government. With the landing of the Pilgrims in 1620, Christian self- government became the foundation stone of the United States of America . .” 1 Along with a form of government, each religion, or view of God and man, has an associated type of education. From the same soil in which the seed of local self-government was planted sprang America’s distinctive type of education—self-education. Americans often learned to read with nothing more than the Bible, the works of William Shakespeare, and the New England Primer or Webster’s “blue-backed” speller; for these were the books that were carried across the continent as families took up the responsibility to educate their children. Webster’s American Spelling Book appeared in 1783—the year in which the American Revolution ended. It was a declaration of independence from European ideas of education and it provided the principles for spelling, pronunciation and grammar to be learned in school or out of school . The “blue-backed” speller might be found in log cabins, on flatboats travelling the rivers and canals and on the prairie-schooners—the covered wagons creaking west. And with the spelling lessons were many short stories teaching moral precepts, many Biblical admonitions, and examples of Christian character. -
Exhibition About Early American Cookbooks
2010 Recipes for Life – Early American Cookbooks and the Women who wrote them Marie Johansen Info 669 Special Collections, Professor Reed 6/12/2010 CONTENTS Preface .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Label 1: ‘American Cookery’ ............................................................................................................................................... 6 Label 2: ‘The American Frugal Housewife’ ................................................................................................................... 8 Label 3: ‘The good housekeeper’ ..................................................................................................................................... 10 Label 4: ‘The ladies’ new book of cookery’ ................................................................................................................. 12 Label 5: ‘The American woman’s home’ ...................................................................................................................... 14 Label 6: ‘Common Sense in the Household’ ................................................................................................................ 17 Label 7: ‘The Practical Housekeeper’