WESTERN BIRD BANDER

ANNUAL MEETING ...... TECHNIQUE FOR CAPTURING WHITE-THROATED SWIFTS by Charles T. Collins PROPOSED AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION . FALL BANDING IN THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION . EDITOR'S REPORT ...... USING YOUR HEAD WHEN BANDING by Larry L. Hood The Certificate of Survival emblazoned upon the front page of this issue is Vancouver's own appraisal of the 40.2 inch snowfall greeting W.B.B.A. members when they arrived on 15 January. From this 90int on, things had to get better, and they did indeed. The 71 people in attendance thank President Terry Wahl and his committee chairmen, Rudi Drent and Howard Wilson, for an excellent weekend program.

REPORT FROM THE BI RD BANDING LABORATORY

Chandler S. Robbins, Chief of the Section of Migratory Non-Game Bird Studies, presented this year's report from Laurel. He discussed MTAB-15 and the "End of the Year Banding Report" form which would be sent to banders by mid-February. The new pink report form will become a part of the bander's official file, and several of the questions which must be answered are intriguing: Has the bander used unauthorized auxiliary markers? Does he have access to any bird-banding publications? Has he published any scientific or popular articles relating to his banding activities during the preceeding year?

As pointed out in the MTAB, a decision has been made by the Bird Banding Laboratory to terminate the reporting of station returns, at least in their present form. Funds are not available to process this information, and reports have been accumulating at the B.B.L. since the late 1950's.

At long last, authorization has been granted to banders to salvage dead birds. Mr. Robbins emphasized the fact that these birds must be donated to an appropriate institution, and that detailed reports will have to be sub- mitted to the B.B.L.

WHITHER THE AMATEUR BANDER? During the morning session, Mr. Robbins also moderated a thought-provoking open discussion on the future of the non-professional bander. Some of the highlights were:

1. From the point of view of the Bird Banding Laboratory, emphasis should now be placed upon bird populations and what is happening to them, rather than on the individual bird. For example, studies should be planned in terms of the overall population of a species, banding a sufficient number, and in the age-sex ratio, that will adequately represent that population.

2. The processing of large numbers of small birds cannot be economically justified by the B.B.L. if no results are anticipated. Random banding need not be entirely abandoned, however, if it furnishes clues as to what studies to undertake.

3. The professional and the non-professional bander can and should cooperate. The non-professional needs help from the professional in setting up studies and in analyzing data. On the other hand, the professional needs the data and techniques which the non-professional can provide.

4. Bird Observatories such as Point Reyes, Manomet, and Long Point incorporate the ideas discussed. They combine the talents of the professional and the non-professional, work with bird populations and on specific projects, and usually obtain concrete results which are published.

5. Local discussion groups can be utilized to plan projects, solve problems, mobilize talent, and interpret B.B.L. directives. Such groups probably have a greater chance of surviving if they are informal and unburdened by organizational trimmings - - schedules, officers, by-laws, and programs.

Three publications of help to the amateur bander were distributed by Mr. Robbins at W.B.B.A.'s annual meetings in 1970 and 1971. For those who were not able to obtain them, copies are available upon request from the Migratory Non-Game Bird Studies, Migratory Bird Populations Station, Laurel, Maryland 20810:

The Second Brief Bibliography on Ageing and Sexing for Banders was issued in November 1969 to replace the 1964 bibliography. Titles are arranged in taxonomic order by species.

Project Guide, second revision, December, 1970, points out a variety of studies that banders can and shouId be working on - - either individually or collectively - - and provides a bibliography which illustrates how data has been analyzed from such studies. Some of the subject headings are: Age Ratio Study, Population Studies, Ageing and Sexing, Parasite Collecting, Band Loss, Mortality, Wing Lengths, Weights. Nine pages are devoted to methods for statistically analyzing data.

Suggestions on Gathering and Summarizing Return Data has as its purpose the encouragement of banders to "plan their trapping and netting studies in such a way as to yield the largest amount of useable information on station returns, and to outline some simple methods for summarizing results."

Results from banding waterbirds in Colorado and Utah. Ronald A. Ryder and Gary Robinson, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado,

Failure of breeding in pelicans at Yellowstone National Park. Kenneth L. Diem, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming. [See note under Briefly -_ Ed.]

Raptor banding in Saskatchewan. The prairie bluebird line. C. Stuart Houston, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.

Migration and dispersal of Ring-billed and California Gulls marked in Alberta. C. V. Weseloh, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

Migration patterns of the California Gull. Kenneth L. Diem, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming.

The UBC programme on population ecology of the Glaucous-winged Gull. John Ward and Rudi Drent, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia.

Gull movements and numbers in the San Francisco Bay area. Howard L. Cogswell, California State College, Hayward, California.

Population ecology of the Herring Gull in New England. George Hunt, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

BUSINESS MEETING

The Executive Council recommended the adoption of changes to W.B.B.A.'s Constitution. These would add Student, Sub-permittee, and Institutional membership classifications, and place the immediate Past President and the Editor on the Executive Council. (Notification and ballots appear in this issue.)

Both the Treasurer's and the Editor's reports pointed out the financial problems produced by the rapid rise in printing costs over the past few years. (See Editor's report elsewhere in this issue.) There was a discussion of means by which W.B.B.A.'s financial situation could be improved. It was agreed that President Terry Wahl should send a letter to all members advising them of the situation and asking for their help. Expenses, especially for Western Bird Bander, should be carefully budgeted. Each member should try to persuade a non-member to join. Ways in which to make Western Bird Bander more appealing - - such as with ageing-sexing supplements - - and therefore more attractive to banders, should be explored.

Members voted to reaffirm their support for the proposed journal merger with the other North American bird banding organizations (exclusive of Bird-Banding). Chandler S. Robbins remarked that the Bird Banding Laboratory favors a merger because all banders throughout the country would have access to information from each region. He also stressed the fact that the B.B.L. does not, in any way, want control of the journal. The President was instruct- ed to approach the presidents of the other organizations, to sound out their opinions on the merger.

Enid Austin, Membership Chairman, announced that Mrs. Harold H. Bailey of Goshen, Virginia, had sent a check for $200 to W.B.B.A. Mrs. Bailey's first husband, the late Eugene Law, was the founder and first President of W.B.B.A.

The Nominating Committee (Ronald A. Ryder, Clait E. Braun, Howard L. Cogswell) presented a slate which re- tained the current officers. The slate was accepted.

FIELD TRIP President Wahl's comment in the last issue of Western Bird Bander that "winter birding conditions in the Northwest are considerably wetter and colder than in the Southwest" was a masterpiece of understatement. But, in spite of (or, perhaps, because of) the weather conditions, 92 species were seen on the Fraser River Delta, Reifel's Island Waterfowl Refuge, and at Point Roberts. Arctic Loon, Trumpeter Swan, European Widgeon, Barrow's Gold- eneye, Harlequin Duck, Golden and Bald Eagles, Glaucous Gull, Snowy and Long-eared Owls, Northwestern Crow, and Crested Myna were among those noted. 1) Under the direction of Program Chairman Wilson, President Wahl, and host Drent, 2) a good turn-out at the U.B.C., 3) with interesting speakers, 4) and displays of art work, 5) and models of traps, 6) and a symposium on gulls and their markings, 7) and topped off with a field trip providing "Lifers" for all. OTHER HIGHLIGHTS

An exhibit of bird paintings by Zelia Schultz of Seattle, Washington, and of model traps made by C. H. Channing of Clearlake, Washington, was held at the meeting hall on Saturday. Following the banquet on Saturday evening, David Hancock of Victoria, British Columbia, presented two of his films which portrayed wildlife and wilderness along the coasts of British Columbia and southern California.

Alberta: R. Wayne Nelson, D. V. Weseloh.

Arizona: Eleanor Radke.

British Columbia: William Anderson, Robert Baker, James Biggar, Fran Calvert, Mr. & Mrs. R. Wayne Campbell, Kerry Clark, Stanley Deveraux, Dr. Rudi Drent, AI Grass, Barry Harman, Bryan Henderson, Mr. & Mrs. W. H. Hesse, Russ Janes, Rick Jerema, John Kebbs, W. D. McLaren, W. A. Morris, J. S. Morrison, Ian Robertson, Mr. & Mrs. John Sarles, M. G. Shepard, Ed Sing, Kenneth Summers, John Ward, Brad Watts.

California: Enid Austin, Alan Craig, Dr. Howard Cogswell, Dr. Charles Collins, Alice Fries, Jack Guggolz, Dr. & Mrs. George Hunt, Mike Kemp, Dr. & Mrs. L. Richard Mewaldt, Grace Nixon, Jay Sheppard, Mr. & Mrs. J. G. Wells.

Colorado: Allegra Collister, Dr. & Mrs. Ronald Ryder.

Maryland: Chandler S. Robbins.

Northern Ireland: Peg Pollock.

Oregon: James Anderson, Jack Gray.

Philippines: Miko Luz.

Saskatchewan: Dr. & Mrs. C. Stuart Houston.

Washington: James Duemmel, Ian McGregor, Dennis Paulson, Meribeth Riffey, Zelia Schultz, Carole Sheridan, Edward Stiles, Mr. & Mrs. Terry Wahl, Dr. & Mrs. Howard Wilson, Nora Wood, Francis Woods, Jr.

Wyoming: Dr. Kenneth L. Diem.

Rufous Hummingbird. No. X2212. Banded as an immature by Don Bleitz at Ferndell in Griffith Park, Los An- geles County, California, on 21 July 1968. Recovered at Shady Cove, Oregon on 30 April 1970. The bird hit a window of a home while fighting with another male (reported by Otis Swisher).

Evening Grosbeak. No. 72-178373. Banded as an AHY male by Barbara McKnight at Cedar Crest, New Mexico, on 30 April 1969. Found dead at Lake Almanor, California, on 18 January 1970. The White-throated Swift, Aeronautes saxatalis, is a widespread and easily identified species in many parts of western North America. It is therefore somewhat surprising that relatively little is known about its breeding biology. This is unquestionably due to its hahit of nesting and roosting in nearly inaccessible crevices high on rocky cliffs or steep canyon walls. These sites have been visited by few biologists and then only after extensive efforts often involv- ing sophisticated rock climbing techniques (Hanna, 1907, 1917; Bradbury, 1918). My own experience indicates that even when the roosting or nesting crevice has been reached often little reward can be gained due to the narrowness of the opening through which these swifts dart at top speed; often it is a matter of only 2-3 inches in width! The recent tendency ot these swifts to adopt man-made structures, particularly the openings under Spanish tile roofs (Pitelka, 1944; Yocom, 1966; DeSante and Perrone, 1968) bodes well for the possibility of establishing more accessible study cvlonies in the future. At present we must deal with them in the wild and it is therefore not surprising that little is known about them and that very few have been banded; the records show a grand total of 25 to have been banded through 1962 (Van Vel zen, 1965) and with no returns or recoveries.

During 1968 I began a program of study of this species in Southern California, principally at a colony on the Palos Verdes peninsula, in Los Angeles County. This colony was found in an abandoned quarry where it was utilizing several natural fissures for either nesting or roosting throughout the year. A single flock estimated at times at 125-150 individuals was roosting in a single fissure about 25 feet above an accessible ledge well up on the side of the quarry wall. This situation held great promise for a banding study which would also enable me to obtain information on seasonal weight variations and the sequence of molts and plumages. The extremely crumbly nature of this cliff face precluded the use of any climbing techniques. Raising a mist net up in front of this fissure so as to catch birds as they emerged from the roost seemed a particularly practical solution. To accomplish this the following device was constructed: a large "U"-shaped frame, 3 feet high and 4 feet wide, made of %-inch diameter iron rod and having attached (welded) at the center of the base a 6-inch "handle" of 5/8-inch diameter metal pipe (Figure 1.). This de- vice served as a holder or frame for a miniature mist net, with the uprights serving as the "net poles". The net was constructed from the remains of an old standard mist net (1Y2-inchmesh) cut up for this purpose. The net had four shelves and portions of the original shelf strings were reused for the new net. The handle of the frame could be in- serted into the terminal end of a series of interlocking net poles constructed of 4-foot lengths of aluminum tubing ('Y4-inchoutside diameter, 5/8-inch inside diameter) and raised up by adding sections as needed until the frame and

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~' SPECIES HOW MARKED COLOR ------Red-footed Booby back tags with orange,green, blue, Oceanic Institute, Makapuu Poi nt, numerals pink Waimanalo, Hawaii 96795 Dark-rumped Petrel dye yellow (picric acid) Haleakala N.P., P.O. Box 456, Kuhului, Maui, Hawaii 96732 Great Blue Heron leg band and/or red, yellow, green, Michael Brandman, 11609 Ohio Avenue, tape blue, white, black Los Angeles, California 90025 dye yellow, green, blue, violet Canada Goose neckband red, yellow Monte Vista NWR P.O. Box 511, Monte Vista, Colorado 81144 Canada Goose paint yellow Richard M. Hopper, Colorado Div. Game, Fish & Parks, Game Research Center, _ ~O,-B~ 5~7.yo.':t ~1I~s,~o~ra.s!o §0511_ Golden Eagle red, orange, yellow, Idaho Coop. WRU, University of Idaho, green, blue Moscow, Idaho 83843 Golden Eagle dye on wing and white, black David H. Ellis, 539 W. Front Street, tail Missoula, Montana 59801 Ashy Petrel, Brandt's and leg band Point Reyes Bird Observatory Pelagic Cormorants, Palomarin Ranch, Mesa Rd., Common Murre, Pigeon Bolinas, California 94924 GUillemot, Cassin's Auklet

leg band above orange, yellow, green, Idaho Coop. WRU tibio-tarsal blue (Idaho, Montana, Address above joint Utah, Wyoming) Glaucous-winged, Western, patagial tag green, blue Dr. Howard L. Cogswell, Herring, California, California State College, Hayward, Calif. 94542 _ ~in~biJ..led_Gl!!ls_

Black-legged Kittiwake dye and/or Div. of Wildlife Research, James C. Bartonek, leg streamer Bur. Sport Fisheries & Wilcjlife, Fairbanks, Alaska 99701 red, orange, yellow, J. David Ligon, Dept. of Biology, green, blue, white University of N.M., Albuquerque, N.M. 87106 red, yellow, green, J. David Ligon blue, white, violet Address above Red-winged Blackbird red W. C. Royall, Jr., Unit of Ecology, Section of Birds, (bicolcr subspecies) Denver WRC, Bldg. 16, Federal Center, Denver, Colorado 80225 red, orange, yellow, Amadeo M. Rea, Dept. Biological Science, _ ['"ee!" ':!..'ue-,-w!::ite_ _ !:!ni~er~ty ~f 6ri~n~ T~csQ.n,i\ri~onil 8~72J _ red, yellow, green, J. David Ligon blue, white, violet Add ress above red, orange, yellow, Dr. Robert D. Ohmart, Dept. of Zoology, _ ~u~ w.!:!it~ __ _ 6ri~n

SUMMARY OF KNOWN GULL COLOR-BANDING, TAGGING, AND/OR DYEING PROJECTS WHICH MAY BE RESPONSIBLE FOR SUCH BIRDS SEEN IN WESTERN NORTH AMERICA.

Green or blue wing tags - some with Glaucous-winged Dr. Howard L. Cogswell blue, orange, green, or red strip at Western Department of Biological Sciences bottom; number-letter symbols. Herring California State College Prior to August, 1970 - red, blue, California Hayward, California 94542 orange, or green back tags. Ring-billed ------Orange wing tag with one number plus Dr. Kenneth L. Diem a symbol. Department of Zoology & Physiology University of Wyoming Box 3166, University Station Laramie, Wyoming 82070 ------Red wing tags - some with blue strip Dr. R. Drent (and assistants) at bottom; number-letter symbols. Department of Zoology Also color banding. University of British Columbia Vancouver 8, Canada

Red, green, or orange dye plus up to California Mr. D. Vaughn Weseloh 4 colored leg jesses (2 per leg) of Franklin's Department of Biology black, blue, green, orange, and/or yellow, Ring-billed University of Calgary various combinations. Calgary 44, Alberta, Canada FALL MIGRATION STUDIES IN THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION (FORMERLY OPERATION RECOVERY)

LONGMONT, COLORADO (Allegra Collister): Banding at Lykin's Gulch continues to be sufficiently rewarding to warrant intensive effort during fall migration. Results at this site over a period of 12 years have on the whole been gratifying.

During previous years, waves of migrants have been noted many times following regular passageof weather fronts. Perceptible waves were almost completely lacking in the fall of 1970. On only 4 days were totals of 50 or more birds captured, and birds-per-net-hour indicated one of the poorest seasons on record at this location. During 58 days, from 28 August through 29 October, nets were open for 885 net-hours, and 961 birds were banded, or slightly better than one bird-per-net-hour.

The most abundant species were White-crowned Sparrow, Robin, and Wilson's Warbler. Rarities have been banded each year, and 1970 was no exception. (Status as given here follows "Status and Migration Data of Birds of the Denver Area" by Harold Holt.) Ash-throated Flycatcher, 9 September, very rare migrant; Black- throated Blue Warbler, 28 September, very rare migrant; Black-throated Green Warbler, 6 October, accidental; Chestnut-sided Warbler, 28 September, very rare migrant; Northern Waterthrush (2), 28 August, and (1) 5 September, rare migrant; White-throated Sparrow, 30 September, rare winter visitor.

Significant returns include Black-capped Chickadee, No. 116-14033, banded 31 August 1967, retu rned 29 October 1970; Orange-crowned Warbler, No. 114-77835, banded 4 October 1967, returned 9 October 1970; Yellow-breasted Chat, No. 107-000007, banded 3 September 1967, returned 15 September 1970; Song Sparrow, No. 56-13317, banded 3 October 1967, returned 3 October 1970.

AURORA, COLORADO (Mildred O. Snyder): During 20 days, from 5 September through 16 October, 4 nets were operated for 483 net-hours; and 84 birds were banded for an average of .17 birds-per-net-hour.

This was the first fall banding in our back yard. In 1960 this was the first house built on "prairie land" and all trees and shrubs are planted. We are no longer on the edge of town but almost in the center of the residential area. We have no tall trees, the highest being Hopa Crabapples, 15 feet tall, but neighbors on both sides have maples and Russian Olives.

Since I could be here to tend nets all day, I did leave them up; therefore, the birds-per-net-hour was very low. Some days I caught only one or two birds. The best days were 5 September with 10 birds (Wilson's Warblers, Western Tanagers, and Chipping Sparrows); and 27 September with 9 birds (all Chipping Sparrows). On 21 September, I banded a Black-throated Gray Warbler. There are only a few fall records of this species for Colorado, so this has to be my "rarity" for this year. I had five species of warblers and seven Western Tanagers, which seemed a good number in comparison with what I actually saw going through the yard.

FRANKTOWN, COLORADO (Mildred O. Snyder): In 5 days, from 10 September through 17 October, 6 nets were operated for 188 net-hours; and 152 birds were banded for an average of .81 birds-per-net-hour.

This was the fifth year of banding at this location. Again, snows came to hinder my getting into the area, but not the four consecutive weekends of it as in 1969. But the cold and snow during the middle part of the period seemed to have driven many birds out of the area; then it got very warm and other birds did not seem to come and take their place.

I did not band one Pine Siskin this year, although they seemed in normal numbers elsewhere. Red Crossbills were also missing, but they are erratic. I added two new species for the five years of fall banding here: Western Wood Pewee and Brewer's Sparrow. My best day was 6 October with 1.04 birds-per-net-hour; there were 9 Audubon's Warblers (the most I have banded in one day here), 6 Mountain Chickadees, and 13 Oregon Juncos.

CEDAR CREST, NEW MEXICO (Barbara McKnight): Fall banding here was poor indeed. Never at any time did I encounter the large numbers of birds I've come to expect at some point in the southward migration. Days went by without my expending any effort because there was nothing to justify it. Nets put up in the usual good spots went empty. It is possible that the Sandia Mountains were wet enough in enough places to pre- clude large collections here at Cedar Crest. At least one species - - Audubon's Warbler - - was late in showing up at this elevation. This species does breed in the Sandia Mountains, at about 8-9,000 feet and spends time at Cedar Crest in the fall. I did not have the usual numbers, and they were a week or more late in arriving.

DISTRIBUTION: Approximately 270 copies of the January, July, and October issues were mailed. This number included six exchanges, five complimentary copies, and ten copies for the Membership Chairman.

The April, or Annual Report, issue was mailed to approximately 350 people. The extra copies were sent to non-members who replied to the Annual Report questionnaire. These non-members were chiefly national wildlife refuge personnel.

Annual Report 14 pages Major Articles 9 Annual Meeting Returns and Recoveries Color-marking Authorizations Book Reviews 2 Point Reyes Bird Observatory 2 Techniques 2/3 "

Additionally, there were numerous miscellaneous reports, such as color-banding projects, Operation Transect, etc. No reprints or paid advertising were included in the 1970 volume.

COST: The 1970 volume was the largest we have published since assuming responsibility in 1966. The total cost was $1120 for printing and $65.70 for postage.

1967 $12.00 per page 1968 13.50 " 1969 16.00 " 1970 17.50 "

The cost per page varies with the content; for example, the Annual Report issue, which contains numerous charts, cost $18.80 per p<..gein 1970.

VALUE/USEFULNESS OF WESTERN BIRD BANDER: Reviews or mention of our articles have appeared in The Auk, Australian Bird Bander, and The Ring.

A reprint of Donald Mott's article on ageing House Finches will appear in another banding publication during 1971. (There is, incidentally, a standing agreement among the editors of E.B.B.A., !.B.B.A., and W.B.B.A. that any articles may be reprinted so long as a credit line is used.)

The Editor of the "Handbook of North American Birds" requested copies of our reports on Russian/American waterfowl recoveries.

Our attention has been called to a number of specific instances in which the Annual Report has been of value.

WE WOULD WELCOME ARTICLES FOR THE 1971 WESTERN BIRD BANDER. THOSE DEALING WITH TECHNIQUES OR WITH AGEING AND SEXING CRITERIA ARE ESPECIALLY NEEDED. Most of us have been admonished at one time or another to "use our heads" when trying to solve a problem or get a job done. This is also good advice when banding, particularly if you are attempting to band a species that is difficult to capture. However, I doubt that many banders have "used their heads" more effectively than Mr. G. G. Merrick, Jr., Route 3, Box 460, Bend, Oregon 97701.

I recently wrote Mr. Merrick concerning the age and sex data he had submitted for two birds - - a California Gull (Lams mli/imlir-us) and a Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus). Mr. Merrick's explanation of how he had determined the age and sex of these two birds was acceptable, but his capture technique was so exceptional I felt it should be shared with other banders.

Mr. Merrick wrote that the California Gull was "caught while stunned after striking me on the head with enough force to knock me down and give me a nasty scalp wound". This bird was captured in a nesting colony and was defending its young when it "encountered" Mr. Merrick.

The capture of the blackbird was described as follows - - "at a small tule lined pond this Red-wing had been observed in 1969 as well as 1970. When [I was] wading his corner of the pond, the Red-wing continually attack- ed, landing on my head and pecking on it. I have worked around thousands of blackbirds and never had one act like this before. Every visit during 1969 and 1970 to his end of the pond had the same result. Reaching up and grabbing at it for two years, I finally caught it in my hand and banded it on June 27, 1970."

Dr. James H. Armitage, Director Elementary School Ed., O.S.U., Corvallis, Oregon 97331 Howard Bailey, 2125 Eaton Avenue, San Carlos, California 94070 Marjorie J. Churchill, 7138 Sandy Mountain Rd., Clearwater Hills, Scottsdale, Arizona 85252 William Clark, 1642 North Andros Place, Tucson, Arizona 85705 Reed W. Ferris, 941 South 13th East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84105 Rudolph Fischer, 2846 Peyton Road, LaVerne, California 91750 R. E. Gehlert, 12155 - 96th, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada George L. Hunt, Jr., P. & E. Biology, U.C.I., Irvine, California 92664 Merlin L. Killpack, 1726 24th Street, Ogden, Utah 84401 Tony Norwood, 1077 Fassler Avenue, Pacifica, California 94044 Helen M. Pratt, 337 Jean Street, Mill Valley, California 94941 Maribeth Riffey, P.O. Box 99, Bellingham, Washington 98225 Valen Tanner, 22211 Prospect Street, Hayward, California 94541 Wayne C. Weber, 239 East 22nd Street, North Vancouver, B.C., Canada Bradford K. Williams, 4865 Hidalgo Avenue, San Diego, California 92117

Alice E. Fries, 28890 Lilac Road, Space 128, Valley Center, California 92082 Mildred O. Snyder, 161 Del Mar Circle, Aurora, Colorado 80010 The Cooper Ornithological Society will hold its annual meeting at San Diego State College, San Diego, California, on 6-9 April 1971. A luncheon get-together for W.B.B.A. members is being scheduled as a part of the program for either Wednesday or Thursday noon.

Kenneth L. Diem has informed us that he has a limited supply of his pamphlet, "Banding Studies of Water Birds on the Molly Islands, Yellowstone Lake, Wyoming." A copy can be obtained from Dr. Diem by writing to him at the Department of Zoology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82070. His paper given at the Annual Meeting, "Failure of breeding in pelicans at Yellowstone National Park", was a sequel to this study.

We note with regret the resignations of Lillian K. Henningsen and Henry Childs, who are no longer banding. Mrs. Henningsen is a past president of W.B.B.A. Mr. Childs was a charter member of N.E.B.B.A. when it was New England Bird Banding Association, and has been active in banding since the early 1920's.

Your attention is called to two items in the July 1970 issue of Bird-Banding. The first, a note by Max C. Thompson, Department of Biology, Southwestern College, Winfield, Kansas, is entitled, "Band wear on Ruddy Turnstones". On this species and on other shorebirds, it was found that aluminum bands were in most instances illegible after one year. Mr. Thompson concludes: "I disagree with Jehl's statement [Bird-Banding 40:47, 1969] that persons studying the Stilt Sandpiper or any other shorebird should use anodized bands. Anodizing wears off rapidly and the bands would then corrode. The above evidence and that provided by Jehl shows that the use of standard aluminum bands on shorebirds is pointless and should be discontinued in favor of Incoloy or some other alloy equally as good."

"Additional notes on the flycatchers of eastern North America" by Allen R. Phillips and Wesley E. Lanyon includes treatment of five western species of fmpidonax and adds Wied's Crested Flycatcher to the keys given in "Identification of the flycatchers of eastern North America, with special emphasis on the genus ffllpidollax" (Phillips, Howe, and Lanyon, Bird-Banding 37: 53-171, 1966).

In cooperation with Point Reyes Bird Observatory, University Extension of the University of California at Berkeley will present Birds Along the Pacific Continental Edge as part of its Natural Environment Studies program. Classeswill be held 26 to 28 February at the University of California Extension Center, 55 Laguna Street, San Francisco, followed by field observations at Limantour Estuary and Bolinas Bay.

Among the topics are: Birds of coastal estuaries - John Smail, Acting Director-Biologist, Point Reyes Bird Observatory, and San Francisco gulls and garbage dumps - Howard Cogswell, Professor of Biological Sciences, California State College at Hayward.

If you have not already done so, PLEASE return your Annual Report form immediately. All records from the Western Region are important in analyzing the year's banding; but the work of compiling the final report will begin in early March, and forms received after that time cannot be included.

"Check-list of the Birds of New Mexico" by J. P. Hubbard has recently been published by the New Mexico Ornithological Society. Described as "an authoritative up-to-date statement of the avifauna of New Mexico", this 108-page booklet is available for $2.50 as Publication No.3 of the New Mexico Ornithological Society, P.O. Box 277, Cedar Crest, New Mexico 87008. l££9S euoz!J'I:f'>jaaJ:Jal\e:J 91717x08 '0 "d U30NVO OUIO NU3~S3~

The Western Bird Bander is published four times a year by the Western Bird-Banding Association. Applications for membership should be sent to the Business Manager. Membership classifications are: Active Member, $4.50 per year; Associate Member, $4.50 per year; Sustaining Member, $9.00 per year; Life Member, $100.00.

President Terence R. Wahl, 3041 Eldridge, Bellingham, Washington 98225 First Vice President Mrs. Allegra Collister, 706 Hover Road, Longmont, Colorado 80501 Second Vice President Dr. Charles T. Collins, Department of Biology, California State College, Long Beach, California 90801 Secretary...... Mrs. Shirley Wells, 30443 La Vista Verde Drive, San Pedro, California 90732 Business Manager Ellis R. Jones, P.O. Box 217, Cave Creek, Arizona 85331 Editor Mrs. Eleanor L. Radke, P.O. Box 446, Cave Creek, Arizona 85331 WESTERN BIRD BANDER

FROM THE PRESIDENT ...... 15 NETTING SUCCESS IN RELATION TO TIME OF DAY AND SUNNY VS. OVERCAST SKIES by Bob Stewart ...... 16 ANNUAL REPORT ...... 18 SUMMARY REPORT OF INDIVIDUAL BANDERS ...... 26 COMMENTARY ON THE ANNUAL REPORT by Daniel M. and Barbara C. McKnight 29 MANOMET BIRD OBSERVATORY 30 MEXICAN BANDS...... 32

At the risk of a charge of extravagance, I'd like to use a small amount of our precious journal space to thank W.B.B .A. members for your help and support this year. In response to our requests for financial help, many extra contributions, many new Sustaining Memberships, and several Life Memberships have come in. We feel this indi- cates the value that members place on the Western Bird Bander.

We'll continue to try to improve your journal and justify the obvious concern you have shown for the W.B.B.A. We're also continuing our efforts toward helping to merge the North American banding publications and then to bring the banders the most comprehensive information possible. "0 Q) <.C C1l

Ol Table 1. Number of birds captured during 36 days in fall 1969 Table 2. Per cent of birds captured before 13: 00 when nets were run from 06:00 to 20:00 hours. during fall migration.

No. before No. after % before 13:00 13:00 13:00 1968 1969

Hermit Thrush 17 0 100 Western Flycatcher 78.0 76.0

Swainson's Thrush 32 0 100 Hermit Thrush 88.0 87.4

Ruby-crowned Kinglet 9 2 82 Swainson's Thrush 90.0 92.7

Warbling Vireo 46 8 85 Golden-crowned Kinglet 62.5 -t Orange-crowned Warbler 7 3 70 Ruby-crowned Kinglet 79.0 78.0 ~ m (/) Townsend's Warbler 21 95 Warbling Vireo 81.5 82.0 --l m Wilson's Warbler 43 9 83 Orange-crowned Warbler 84.0 79.0 :0 Z White-crowned Sparrow* 33 4 43 Townsend's Warbler 74.0 73.4 ~ :0 Golden-crowned Sparrow 20 6 77 Wilson's Warbler 85.0 88.0 0 OJ Fox Sparrow 18 95 White-crowned Sparrow * 67.0 60.0 »z 0 Total 216 34 86.4 Golden-crowned Sparrow 74.0 73.0 m :0 * (pugetensis) Fox Sparrow 79.0 80.0

Total 78.6 77.0

t Only six birds captured

Figure 1. Birds captured per hour of nets run.

Hour 06:00 07:00 08:00 09:00 10:00 11 :00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 » Overcast 2.7 4.0 7.3 3.8 4.0 4.7 3.0 2.1 2.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 1.3 2.0 "0 :l. Sunny 13.4 7.8 6.6 4.0 9.6 5.0 2.0 1.5 1.0 1.0 6.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 4.0 .~ -..Jco ~ At Point Reyes Bird Observatory where nets have traditionally been run during all daylight hours, much discussion of the efficiency of such an effort has been made. Ten of the most abundantly captured migrant species were counted on 36 days during the fall of 1969 when nets were run from dawn to dusk (Table 1). This small sample was run to compare with all days during the fall migrations of 1968 and 1969 (15 August to 15 November) because there were some days during these years when nets were not up until one or two hours after dawn and other days when they were closed before dusk. The per cent of birds for each species captured before 13:00 in the small sample did not differ significantly from the entire 1968-1969 period (Table 2). Thus, confidence was established for using all days during the fall migration periods during 1968-1969.

A striking fact was the similarity for each species in per cent captured before 13:00 during both years (Table 2). However, there were differences among species. For example, only 8.2% of Swainson's Thrushes and 12.4% of Hermit Thrushes were caught in the afternoon, but 38.6% of White-crowned Sparrows (pugetensis) were caught at that time. Of a total of 1,981 captures during the two seasons, 1,535 (77.5%) were taken be- fore 13:00.

Analysis of data from 14 to 30 June 1969 reveals a difference in morning peaks on sunny versus over- cast days (Figure 1). On nine overcast days (high fog and no wind), the morning peak was from 08:00 to 08:59. On seven sunny days (with no wind), the highest capture rate was during the hour immediately after dawn (06:00 to 06:59). There is evidence that birds have a circadian periodicity in relation to locomotor activity. Could light intensity delay this circadian activity and account for the later peak capture on overcast days? Or is the difference between peaks related to the abundant evidence that air temperature and feeding intensity of birds are inversely related? As expected, the hourly temperatures at PRBO are lower on sunny days than on overcast days (Table 3). Could the lower temperature during the night before sunny days be a stimulus for increased feeding activity and thus result in the peak capture in mist nets at that time? One factor which cannot be ruled out on overcast days is the possibility that early morning fog caused droplets to form on the nets and made them more visible to birds. This may account, at least partially, for the later morning peak on overcast days.

Table 3. Hourly temperature on sunny and overcast days from 14 to 30 June 1969.

Time 06:00 07:00 08:00 09:00 10:00 11:00 12:00

Overcast 49.0 49.0 50.0 51.4 53.3 55.0 57.3

Sunny 44.5 44.8 48.9 52.9 56.3 59.5 62.4

Point Reyes Bird Observatory, Mesa Road, Bolinas, California 94924

We have received another memorial letter for the late Carl Richardson, this one from his good friend and fellow bander of 45 years standing, Johnson A. Neff of Englewood, Colorado. They first met when cooperating on a project to determine the effect of woodpeckers on Oregon fruit crops. Together, they discovered the first known nesting colony of Tricolored Blackbirds in Oregon, and Mr. Richardson began his long and valuable study of this species. Yukon Mexico Largest B. C. Washington Montana Nevada Colorado Arizona Individual SPECIES Alaska Alberta Oregon Idaho California Utah Wyoming New Mexico TOTAL Total By Whom Eared Grebe 1 1 1 Moos Western Grebe 1 1 1 Robinson Pied-billed Grebe 1 1 1 Bloom & Aron Leach's Petrel 18 18 16 PRBO Ashy Petrel 212 212 212 PRBO White Pelican 200 101 154 455 200 Tule Lake NWR Brown Pelican 2 813 815 813 Keith Double-crested Cormorant 100 2 102 100 Tule Lake NWR Brandt's Cormorant 108 153 261 153 PRBO Pelagic Cormorant 23 92 8 123 92 Campbell Great Blue Heron 22 23 57 49 9 160 57 Tule Lake NWR Green Heron 3 3 1 each San Miguel, Feltes, Sheppard Snowy Egret 423 423 222 Robinson Black-crowned Night Heron 1 392 393 273 Robinson White-faced Ibis 292 18 310 200 A. Smith - DWRC Whistling Swan 9 348 5 362 348 Barry Trumpeter Swan 6 56 62 56 Red Rock Lakes NWR Canada Goose 657 472 853 834 3,234 1,880 2,662 95 10,687 1,802 California F & G Black Brant 643 96 739 643 Clarence Rhode NWR White-fronted Goose 168 54 1 223 168 Barry Snow Goose 521 58 579 521 Tule Lake NWR Mallard 5 4,358 4,225 1,380 586 10,188 1,000 21,742 4,616 Colorado F & G Mexican Duck 19 19 19 Bosque del Apache NWR Black Duck 1 1 1 Charles M. Russell NWR Gadwall 13 39 2 148 202 142 Monta Vista NWR Pintail 2 4 1,115 200 3,709 3,267 1,259 172 9,728 1,726 Utah Div. F & G Green-winged Teal 1 68 14 1,030 166 331 1,610 1,002 Salton Sea NWR Blue-winged Teal 672 3 675 636 Bowdoin NWR Cinnamon Teal 228 70 298 83 Salton Sea NWR BI.-winged &/or Cinn. Teal 92 60 1 288 441 217 Monta Vista NWR American Widgeon 171 1,083 24 25 260 1,563 1,070 Salton Sea NWR Shoveler 9 3 50 1 2 65 50 Tule Lake NWR Wood Duck 57 38 95 40 Oregon State Game Redhead 28 1 448 352 3 832 218 Monta Vista NWR Ring-necked Duck 2 1 3 6 3 Monta Vista NWR Canvasback 456 296 752 437 California F & G Canvasback X Redhead 1 1 1 Nevada F & G Greater Scaup 4 1 300 1 306 297 California F & G LesserScaup 108 283 93 17 501 143 California F & G Common Goldeneye 7 7 7 Oakland Parks Dept. Barrow's Goldeneye 1 1 1 Nevada F & G Bufflehead 2 7 10 19 10 Nevada F & G Spectacled Eider 4 4 4 Clarence Rhode NWR Surf Scoter 1 1 1 PRBO Ruddy Duck 3 54 1 58 44 Utah Div. F & G Yukon Mexico Largest B. C. Washington Montana Nevada Colorado Arizona Individual SPECIES Alaska Alberta Oregon Idaho California Utah Wyoming New Mexico TOTAL Total By Whom Turkey Vulture 1 1 1 G. J. Murphy White-tailed Kite 85 85 84 Stendell Goshawk 7 2 1 10 7 Alaska F & G Sharp-shinned Hawk 5 3 36 1 6 4 55 24 PRBO Cooper's Hawk 5 24 3 32 18 Swearingen Red-tailed Hawk 12 30 8 40 10 14 114 30 Bloom & Aron Harlan's Hawk 1 1 1 Ryder Red-shouldered Hawk 13 13 10 Bloom & Aron Broad-winged Hawk 2 2 2 E. T. Jones Swainson's Hawk 4 1 76 2 83 55 W. C. Anderson Rough-legged Hawk 3 3 6 3 each Alaska F & G, Hudson Ferruginous Hawk 11 2 7 10 6 36 11 E. T. Jones Golden Eagle 14 14 1 12 26 67 15 Ryder Bald Eagle 2 2 1 each Hawes, Umatilla NWR Marsh Hawk 5 2 4 1 12 5 J. O. Anderson Osprey 5 5 10 5 each Johnson, J.O. Anderson Prairie Falcon 9 1 2 5 48 65 48 Ryder Peregrine Falcon 1 1 2 1 each Swearingen, Drawz Pigeon Hawk 2 2 4 2 each E.T. Jones, C. Channing Sparrow Hawk 12 49 16 267 3 73 5 425 137 Bloom & Aron Blue Grouse 17 17 11 Thorne Ecological Found. Spruce Grouse 2 2 2 Robert Willow Ptarmigan 1 1 1 Foster White-tailed Ptarmigan 210 210 210 Braun SageGrouse 337 337 337 Utah Div. F & G (Masked) Bobwhite 142 142 142 Tomlinson Scaled Quail 2 2 2 Stabler California Quail 60 178 252 490 252 Utah Div. F & G Gambel's Quail 6 25 31 18 Russell Ring-necked Pheasant 1 55 56 55 Utah Div. F & G Chuckar 12 12 12 Utah Div. F & G Sandhill Crane 5 10 15 10 Malheur NWR Virginia Rail 2 2 2 Sheppard Sora Rail 3 3 3 Robert Common Gallinule 8 8 8 Staebler American Coot 15 220 74 309 169 Weinrich Black Oystercatcher 14 1 1 16 14 Campbell Semipalmated Plover 9 1 10 8 Wang Snowy Plover 5 5 3 PRBO Killdeer 2 14 3 9 9 37 9 Swisher Mountain Plover 23 23 20 Ryder Black-bellied Plover 2 2 1 each California F & G, PRBO Common Snipe 27 3 1 31 22 Robert Long-billed Curlew 1 2 3 1 each Cal. F & G,Sheppard,Umatilia Whimbrel 1 1 1 Sheppard Spotted Sandpiper 5 1 2 8 5 Sheridan Willet 16 16 15 California F & G Greater Yellowlegs 12 3 15 12 Campbell Lesser Yellowlegs 58 58 29 each Campbell, W.J. Anderson Sharp-tailed Sandpiper 1 1 1 Campbell Yukon Mexico Largest B.C. Washington Montana Nevada Colorado Arizona Individual SPECIES Alaska Alberta Oregon Idaho California Utah Wyoming New Mexico TOTAL Total By Whom

Pectoral Sandpiper 28 13 41 28 Norton Baird's Sandpiper 54 54 54 Norton Least Sandpiper 50 253 47 350 108 California F & G Dunlin 86 5 102 193 86 Norton Short-billed Dowitcher 21 21 19 PRBO Long-billed Dowitcher 43 43 33 Campbell Dowitcher (sp.) 7 7 14 7 each California F & G, Campbell Stilt Sandpiper 2 2 2 W. J. Anderson Semipalmated Sandpiper 131 3 134 131 Norton Western Sandpiper 35 99 1,638 1,772 1,166 PRBO Bar-tailed Godwit 8 8 7 Clarence Rhode NWR American Avocet 1 1 113 6 121 113 A. Smith - DWRC Wilson's Phalarope 1 1 2 1 each Sheppard, Merrick Northern Phalarope 1 27 28 25 Bleitz Glaucous-winged Gull 385 4,000 5,100 4 9,489 4,500 Wahl Western Gull 1,390 1,390 1,321 PRBO Herring Gull 16 16 15 Cogswell California Gull 176 720 1,221 197 219 2,533 719 Merrick Ring-billed Gull 462 41 165 106 774 462 Weseloh Franklin's Gull 99 4,001 4,100 4,001 Moos Least Tern 121 121 121 Massey Elegant Tern 42 42 42 DeBord Caspian Tern 10 10 10 DeBord Common Murre 3 3 3 PRBO Pigeon Guillemot 26 180 206 180 PRBO Cassin's Auklet 2,671 2,671 2,671 PRBO Tufted Puffin 1 1 1 PRBO Band-tailed Pigeon 1,799 402 3,292 788 6,281 3,292 Colorado F & G White-winged Dove 1 2,518 2,519 2,493 Arizona F & G Mourning Dove 588 1,837 2,673 3,498 3,050 5,527 17,173 2,553 Arizona F & G Spotted Dove 7 7 3 each Wells, Felt Ground Dove 3 ~ I~ 19 15 ~ S-H. (?l.(s:se/l Inca Dove 42 42 27 Russell Yellow-billed Cuckoo 1 1 1 PRBO Roadrunner 1 4 5 4 Russell Barn Owl 28 4 16 4 5 57 28 Campbell Screech Owl 5 20 2 27 14 Staebler Flammulated Owl 2 2 2 McKnight Great Horned Owl 24 9 7 6 53 99 39 W. C. Anderson Snowy Owl 1 1 1 E. T. Jones Hawk-Owl 16 16 15 E. T. Jones Pygmy Owl 3 1 1 5 1 each 5 banders Elf Owl 1 1 2 1 each Atwood, Russell Burrowing Owl 1 20 1 1 64 87 64 McKnight Great Gray Owl 6 1 7 5 E. T. Jones Long-eared Owl 2 22 2 26 15 J. O. Anderson Short-eared Owl 3 5 4 12 5 C. Channing Saw-whet Owl 1 4 11 16 11 PRBO Whip-poor-will 1 1 1 McKnight Poor-will 11 2 13 7 PRBO Yukon Mexico Largest B. C. Washington Montana Nevada Colorado Arizona Individual SPECIES Alaska Alberta Oregon Idaho California Utah Wyoming New Mexico TOTAL Total By Whom

Common Nighthawk 2 2 1 5 2 Campbell Lesser Nighthawk 2 2 2 PRBO Vaux's Swift 1 1 1 PRBO White-throated Swift 4 4 3 Collins Black-chinned Hummingbird 20 1 21 16 Bleitz

Costa's Hummingbird 13 3 16 13 Wells Anna's Hummingbird 110 5 115 43 Bleitz Anna's X Costa's Humm. 1 1 1 Wells Broad-tailed Hummingbird 1 3 4 3 Collister Rufous Hummingbird 123 2 125 106 PRBO

Allen's Hummingbird 76 76 53 PRBO Belted Kingfisher 1 1 2 1 each Masterson, PRBO Yellow-shafted Flicker 1 5 1 7 3 E. T. Jones Red-shafted Flicker 8 1 58 4 22 10 103 22 Mewaldt Hybrid Flicker 1 1 3 4 9 3 Collister

Gilded Flicker 3 3 2 Russell Gila Woodpecker 29 29 11 Corchran Red-headed Woodpecker 1 1 1 Collister Acorn Woodpecker 1 9 4 14 5 Staebler Yellow-bellied Sapsucker 3 3 1 35 23 2 67 25 PRBO

Williamson's Sapsucker 3 3 3 Ringering Hairy Woodpecker 4 9 2 1 16 8 PRBO Downy Woodpecker 1 1 25 8 1 36 23 PRBO Ladder-backed Woodpecker 5 5 10 2 each Atwood, McKnight Nuttall's Woodpecker 20 20 10 PRBO

White-headed Woodpecker 12 11 23 9 each PRBO, Ringering Eastern Kingbird 1 1 3 2 7 3 Moos Tropical Kingbird 1 1 1 PRBO Western Kingbird 2 9 2 13 9 Ryder Great Crested Flycatcher 1 1 1 PRBO

Weid's Crested Flycatcher 4 4 4 Russell Ash-throated Flycatcher 10 95 1 2 108 58 PRBO Eastern Phoebe 3 3 3 Robert Black Phoebe 2 40 3 45 12 PRBO Say's Phoebe 3 5 3 16 27 16 Ryder

Yellow-bellied Flycatcher 2 2 1 each E. T. Jones, Robert Traill's Flycatcher 5 8 1 118 6 1 139 48 PRBO Least Flycatcher 23 6 29 22 E. T. Jones Hammond's Flycatcher 1 1 11 69 2 84 39 PRBO Dusky Flycatcher 17 2 65 6 90 35 PRBO

Gray Flycatcher 28 1 1 30 24 PRBO Western Flycatcher 1 879 7 6 893 501 PRBO Empidonax (sp.) 31 1 4 7 2 45 31 Swisher Western Wood Pewee 8 3 271 21 2 305 185 PRBO Olive-sided Flycatcher 43 43 37 PRBO

Vermilion Flycatcher 3 3 2 Harrison Horned Lark 2 166 88 7 263 87 Ryder Violet-green Swallow 11 88 40 139 63 San Miguel Tree Swallow 1 56 4 41 30 5 137 56 E. T. Jones Bank Swallow 120 10 49 179 106 Stout Yukon Mexico Largest B. C. Washington Montana Nevada Colorado Arizona Individual SPECIES Alaska Alberta Oregon Idaho California Utah Wyoming New Mexico TOTAL Total By Whom

Rough-winged Swallow 26 1 27 10 San Miguel Barn Swallow 8 50 3 38 18 117 41 Merrick Cliff Swallow 1 29 1,595 2 59 1,686 1,578 Speich Purple Martin 7 7 7 Finley Gray Jay 9 3 12 4 28 10 Swisher Blue Jay 5 33 38 18 Neff Steller's Jay 37 94 199 8 338 72 Collister Scrub Jay 21 127 1 7 18 174 39 Erpino Mexican Jay 15 15 13 Yensen GREEN JAY' 1 1 1 Harrison Black-billed Magpie 3 43 4 10 60 42 Merrick Yellow-billed Magpie 6 6 3 PRBO Common Raven 5 8 15 28 14 Bloom & Aron White-necked Raven 17 4 21 17 W. C. Anderson Common Crow 3 5 12 2 22 12 Woronecki - DWRC Northwestern Crow 18 18 18 Campbell Pinon Jay 35~ 1 45 401 355 Merrick Clark's Nutcracker 15 24 31 70 31 McKnight Black-capped Chickadee 75 16 34 14 2 9 68 8 226 75 Peyton Mountain Chickadee 169 724 1 52 8 954 578 Dahlston Boreal Chickadee 4 2 6 4 Peyton Chestnut-backed Chickadee 4 122 2 128 102 PRBO Plain Ti.tmolJse 11 117 2 130 55 Staebler Bridled Titmouse 1 1 1 McKnight Verdin 37 29 66 32 Robert Common Bushtit 39 265 22 326 163 PRBO White-breasted Nuthatch 7 5 20 18 7 57 10 Lindner Red-breasted Nuthatch 1 10 54 14 6 85 23 PRBO Pygmy Nuthatch 5 61 19 9 94 60 Felt Brown Creeper 3 3 37 3 46 27 PRBO Wrentit 2 131 133 105 PRBO Dipper 2 2 4 2 each Brockner, Swisher House Wren 8 12 12 86 34 8 160 21 PRBO Winter Wren 2 1 15 18 10 PRBO Bewick's Wren 216 296 11 523 195 Kroodsma Cactus Wren 11 73 84 42 Russell Long-billed Marsh Wren 88 3 10 1 102 88 Verner Canon Wren 2 2 2 Staebler Rock Wren 9 9 5 PRBO Mockingbird 184 8 71 263 56 Russell Catbird 9 1 27 37 27 Collister Brown Thrasher 5 5 9 19 9 Collister Bendire's Thrasher 21 21 12 Russell Curve-billed Thrasher 149 149 50 Russell California Thrasher 14 14 4 each San Miguel, Mewaldt Crissal Thrasher 2 3 5 3 Russell SageThrasher 1 1 2 3 7 1 each 7 banders Robin 13 16 139 52 289 291 12 812 215 Collister Rufous-backed Robin 1 1 1 Collister Varied Thrush" 3 23 26 21 PRBO Yukon Mexico Largest B. C. Washington Montana Nevada Colorado Arizona Individual SPECIES Alaska Alberta Oregon Idaho California Utah Wyoming New Mexico TOTAL Total By Whom

Hermit Thrush 1 11 28 1,146 10 23 1,219 542 Mewaldt Swainson's Thrush 3 16 2 14 809 26 6 876 409 PRBO Gray-cheeked Thrush 3 3 2 Robert Veery 6 6 6 Collister Western Bluebird 16 32 10 5 63 11 Felt Mountain Bluebird 5 224 6 2 237 136 Martin Townsend's Solitaire 4 2 1 1 8 4 Ringering Blue-gray Gnatcatcher 2 30 1 33 9 PRBO Black-tailed Gnatcatcher 5 6 11 4 Collister Golden-crowned Kinglet 1 9 81 1 92 78 PRBO Ruby-crowned Kinglet 4 19 2 515 4 36 580 276 PRBO Water Pipit 1 29 2 32 27 Staebler Sprague's Pipit 1 1 1 E. T. Jones Cedar Waxwing 9 14 1 162 5 9 210 139 Stoner Phainopepla 5 57 62 36 Russell Northern Shrike 23 4 27 19 Wahl Loggerhead Shrike 13 1 49 39 8 110 39 Ryder Starling 16 1,219 13 1,076 70 1,157 4 3,555 1,181 Larson - DWRC Crested Myna 3 3 3 Campbell Hutton's Vireo 1 82 2 85 49 PRBO Bell's Vireo 3 3 6 2 San Miguel Solitary Vireo 2 1 1 76 7 5 92 40 PRBO Red-eyed Vireo 5 7 1 2 15 4 each E. T. Jones, Burk Philadelphia Vireo 1 1 1 E. T. Jones Warbling Vireo 2 4 607 6 28 6 653 347 PRBO Black-and-white Warbler 2 1 3 2 E. T. Jones Prothonotary Warbler 1 1 1 San Miguel TennesseeWarbler 147 5 3 155 115 E. T. Jones Orange-crowned Warbler 8 73 39 3 1,177 53 26 1,379 592 PRBO Nashville Warbler 3 244 2 249 100 PRBO Virginia's Warbler 2 1 72 11 86 55 Lindner Lucy's Warbler 4 4 2 each Anthony, Russell Yellow Warbler 19 57 11 10 570 5 47 10 719 283 PRBO Magnolia Warbler 1 3 1 5 3 PRBO Cape May Warbler 1 1 1 Robert Black-throated Blue Warbler 2 2 4 2 Collister Myrtle Warbler 6 52 3 79 2 142 58 PRBO Audubon's Warbler 104 116 953 19 55 1,247 397 PRBO Black-throated Gray Warbler 15 55 1 71 24 PRBO Townsend's Warbler 6 1 168 1 176 106 PRBO Black-throated Green Warbler 1 1 1 Collister Hermit Warbler 16 6 42 64 16 Ringering Chestnut-sided Warbler 1 1 1 Collister Bay-breasted Warbler 1 1 1 PRBO Blackpoll Warbler 1 20 2 2 25 11 Robert Palm Warbler 84 1 85 83 Robert Ovenbird 6 5 3 14 4 PRBO Northern Waterthrush 10 2 3 7 22 9 West Connecticut Warbler 2 2 2 E. T. Jones Mourning Warbler 2 2 2 E. T. Jones Yukon Mexico Largest B. C. Washington Montana Nevada Colorado Arizona Individual SPECIES Alaska Alberta Oregon Idaho California Utah Wyoming New Mexico TOTAL Total By Whom

MacGillivray's Warbler 7 39 268 37 20 371 150 PRBo Yellowthroat 4 4 5 103 17 2 135 39 PRBo Yellow-breasted Chat 9 72 34 25 140 34 Collister Hooded Warbler 1 1 1 Collister Wilson's Warbler 1 15 9 6 2,219 191 34 2,475 988 PRBo Red-faced Warbler 1 1 1 McKnight American Redstart 18 10 9 5 42 18 E. T. Jones Painted Redstart 1 1 1 McKnight House Sparrow 47 21 1,145 29 10 1,252 686 Roberts Bobolink 1 1 1 PRBo Western Meadowlark 2 1 23 52 78 43 Ryder Yellow-headed Blackbird 55 75 116 320 58 52 676 225 Royall - DWRC Red-winged Blackbird 11 389 1,367 238 221 2,050 24 4,300 3,508 Royall- DWRC Tricolored Blackbird 15 8,636 8,651 8,631 Woronecki - DWRC Orchard Oriole 7 7 7 Collister Hooded Oriole 20 9 29 8 Tainter Scott's Oriole 1 1 2 1 each Tainter, Staebler Baltimore Oriole 16 2 18 16 E. T. Jones Bullock's Oriole 1 6 148 3 11 12 181 89 PRBo Rusty Blackbird 2 2 2 Robert Brewer's Blackbird 793 15 230 120 4 1,162 677 orians Common Grackle 2 45 47 27 Neff Boat-tailed Grackle 2 1 3 2 Birindelli Brown-headed Cowbird 52 2,569 33 13 2,667 1,391 Woronecki - DWRC Bronzed Cowb'ird 1 1 1 Radke Western Tanager 33 280 8 37 27 385 107 PRBo Scarlet Tanager 1 1 1 Robert Summer Tanager 1 1 1 San Miguel Cardinal 74 74 26 Corchran Pyrrhuloxia 30 30 10 each Harrison, Russell Rose-breasted Grosbeak 4 5 1 10 5 PRBo Black-headed Grosbeak 27 2 275 14 95 66 479 121 PRBo Blue Grosbeak 13 1 8 22 10 PRBo Indigo Bunting 4 4 4 PRBo Lazuli Bunting 36 2 210 21 36 305 113 PRBo IndigoXLazuli Bunting 1 1 1 Collister Painted Bunting 1 1 1 Russell Evening Grosbeak 1 85 12 258 14 370 193 Ryder Purple Finch 19 76 351 446 236 PRBo Cassin's Finch 82 2 15 88 187 50 Ringering House Finch 3 1,189 100 2,244 63 1,200 569 5,368 560 Neff Gray-crowned Rosy Finch 1 1 1 Brown - Crater Lake Common Redpoll 11 11 11 West Pine Siskin 5 15 51 941 1 18 63 1,094 543 Feltes American Goldfinch 5 40 3 446 1 21 1 517 189 PRBo Lesser Goldfi nch 118 446 40 58 662 160 San Miguel Lawrence's Goldfinch 36 17 53 12 San Miguel Red Crossbill 5 11 1 1 1 19 4 Merrick White-winged Crossbill 2 2 2 West Green-tailed Towhee 29 31 31 143 234 102 Russell Yukon Mexico Largest B. C. Washington Montana Nevada Colorado Arizona Individual SPECIES Alaska Alberta Oregon Idaho California Utah Wyoming New Mexico TOTAL Total By Whom Rufous-sided Towhee 124 298 5 52 28 507 151 PRBO Brown Towhee 3 275 43 321 64 Mewaldt Abert's Towhee 11 25 36 14 Collister Lark Bunting 1 177 273 451 183 Tainter Savannah Sparrow 270 8 3 204 14 499 262 Campbell Grasshopper Sparrow 5 4 9 5 PRBO Vesper Sparrow 4 7 3 1 15 3 each Staebler, Collister, Weitz, Lark Sparrow 3 290 5 2 300 249 Mewaldt Rufous-winged Sparrow 56 56 56 Ohmart Rufous-crowned Sparrow 23 23 10 Mewaldt Cassin'sSparrow 30 30 29 Ohmart Black-throated Sparrow 2 9 44 55 18 Tainter SageSparrow 195 1 196 194 Staebler White-winged Junco 22 22 17 Whitney Slate-colored Junco 76 49 4 1 1 1 25 1 158 70 Peyton Oregon Junco 10 948 42 1,979 170 483 487 4,119 699 PRBO Gray-headed Junco 4 316 300 620 136 Snider Mexican Junco 77 77 77 Moore Hybrid Junco 6 6 6 Ferris Junco (sp.) 2 8 10 7 Whitney Tree Sparrow 1 25 26 13 Collister Chipping Sparrow 7 249 51 293 1 134 28 763 192 Ringering Clay-colored Sparrow 5 7 7 19 7 PRBO Brewer's Sparrow 415 10 21 80 526 415 Merrick Black-chinned Sparrow 1 5 6 2 each San Miguel, Atwood Harris' Sparrow 1 1 1 3 6 2 Collister White-crowned Sparrow 76 8 400 4 4,448 282 1,231 6,449 919 PRBO Golden-crowned Sparrow 245 2,378 2,623 1,029 Mewaldt White-throated Sparrow 8 1 13 3 25 9 PRBO Fox Sparrow 31 2 191 5 533 2 764 258 PRBO Lincoln's Sparrow 127 20 2 237 82 136 604 133 Robert Swamp Sparrow 93 93 93 Robert Song Sparrow 4 122 13 504 3 4 50 700 348 PRBO McCown's Longspur 30 30 19 Ryder Chestnut-collared Longspur 3 3 3 Collister Lapland Longspur 1 6 1 8 6 Campbell

374 Species, 5 Hybrids 2,443 8,133 24,319 15,788 71,690 13,081 33,295 15,535 184,284

Largest Individual SPECIES TOTAL Total By Whom Sooty Storm Petrel 38 38 Hawaiian Islands NWR Red-tailed Tropicbird 290 290 Robbins Hawaiian Duck 42 42 Hawaii F & G Fairy Tern 14 14 Robbins Apapane 10 10 Banko Amakihi 3 3 Banko Total 397 SUMMARY REPORT OF INDIVIDUAL BANDERS (1970) (198 Responding Banders) (25 Sub-Permittees)

Abeles, Ernest R. 5440 Blanco Ave., Woodland Hills, California 91364 6 Alaska Dept. of Fish & Game Subport Building, Juneau, Alaska 99801 3 Anderson, JamesO. Rt. 1, Box 632, Beaverton, Oregon 97005 10 Anderson, William C. Otero Jr. College, La Junta, Colorado 81050 6 Anderson, W. J. 3896 West 24th Avenue, Vancouver, B.C. 7 Anthony, Larry W. Pueblo Heights Mobile Park #30, Globe, Arizona 85501 7 Arbovirus Field Station (Don Roberts) P.O. Box 1564, Bakersfield, California 93302 2 441 Arbovirus Field Station (Dr. Albert Beck) 35-C Nimshew Stage, Chico, California 95926 13 1,579 Arizona Coop. WRU University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 1 170 Arizona Game and Fish Department Rm. 109, 1688 West Adams, Phoenix, Arizona 85007 3 5,664 Atwood, Jon Box 11523, UCSB, Santa Barbara, California 93107 32 333 Banko, Winston Bureau of Sport Fisheriesand Wildlife,Box 35, Hawaii Nat'l Park, Hawaii 96718 2 13 Barry, T. W. 14322 Ravine Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada 3 612 Bear River Refuge Box 459, Brigham City, Utah 84302 4 363 Beaver, Donald L. 2636 BenvenueAvenue, Berkeley, California 94704 7 57 Beidleman, Dr. Richard G. Department of Biology, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80903 5 37 Benedict, Dr. R. D. 2835 Willamette, Eugene,Oregon 97405 3 18 Benton Lake NWR Box 2624, Great Falls, Montana 59401 1 546 Birindelli, Diane 1308 Ocean Park Blvd., #2, Santa Monica, California 90405 16 347 Bitter Lake NWR Box 7, Roswell, New Mexico 88201 6 2,083 Bleitz, Don 5334 Hollywood Blvd., Hollywood, California 90027 18 167 Bosque del Apache NWR Box 278, San Antonio, New Mexico 87832 3 509 Bowdoin NWR Box 4, Malta, Montana 59538 5 1,348 Braun, Dr. Clait E. P.O. Box 567, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521 2 216 Brockner, Sylvia Box 140, Evergreen,Colorado 80439 21 137 Broyles, L. L. Box 334, Brigham City, Utah 84302 1 8 Bureau of Sport Fisheriesand Wildlife Building 16, Federal Center, Denver, Colorado 80225 2 10 Burk, Kathryn 2738 West CasasDrive, Tucson, Arizona 85704 55 948 California Fish and Game 1416 Ninth Street, Sacramento, California 95814 23 6,545 CamasNWR Refuge Manager, Hamer, Idaho 83425 2 1,049 Camenzino, Frank J. Box 233, Moose, Wyoming 83012 3 14 Campbell, R. Wayne 301-621 Gilbert Road, Richmond, B.C., Canada 44 4,992 Capulin Mountain National Monument Capulin, New Mexico 88414 1 2 Carrier, W. D. 813 Williams Place,Ojai, California 93023 2 2 Channing, C. Howard Box 206, Clear Lake, Washington 98235 8 42 Channing, Dr. Edward C. 2621 EI Camino, Turlock, California 95381 1 359 Charles M. Russell NWR Box 110, Lewistown, Montana 59457 3 1,128 Clarence Rhode NWR Dr. E. S. Lensing, Mgr., Box 346, Bethel, Alaska 99559 9 815 Cogswell, Dr. Howard L. 1548 East Avenue, Hayward, California 94541 40 634 Collier, Gerald Department of Zoology, San Diego State College, San Diego, California 92115 8 357 Collins, Dr. Charles T. Department of Biology, California State at Long Beach, Long Beach,Calif. 90801 12 49 (Bloom, Peter; Arcn, James) 12 232 (Massey,Barbara) 1 121 (Johnson, Wayne) 2 13 Collister, Allegra 706 Hover Road, Longmont, Colorado 80501 133 2,434 (Whitney, M.A. & G.M.) Box 257, Lyons, Colorado 80501 11 174 Colorado Department of Fish and Game Box 567, Fort Collins, Colorado 80501 11 11,571 Columbia NWR P.O. Drawer B, Othello, Washington 99344 1 615

Corchran, Charles E. 8080 E. Wrightstown Road, Tucson, Arizona 85715 509 Coughran, Ginger 747 Stafford Place,San Diego, California 92107 869 Dahlsten, D. L. 1050 San Pablo, Albany, California 94706 593 Davis, Dr. John Hastings Reservation, Carmel Valley, California 93924 720 (Verbeek, A. M.) 12 (Tvrdik, G. M.) 6 DeBord, Larry W. 42321 Thornton Avenue, Hemet, California 92343 52 Deer Flat NWR Rt. 1, Box 335, Nampa, Idaho 83651 76 Denver Wildlife ResearchCenter Building 16, Federal Center, Denver, Colorado 80225 19,283 (DeGrazio & Besser) Venezuela 100 (Keith, James0.) Baja California 813 (Larson, Ken H.) Washington, Oregon 2,158 (Pillmore, Richard E.) 91 (Royall, Willis C.) Arizona, Nevada 4,396 (Smith, Allen) Utah 313 (Woronecki, Paul) California 10,912 DeSante, D. F. Department of Biological Sciences,Stanford University, California 94305 508 Costa Rica 63 De Wolfe, Dr. Barbara 1361 Holiday Hill Road, Goleta, California 93017 242 Drawz, Clifford A. 6605 S.E. 93rd Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97266 33 ADDRESS Species No.

Elems, Stan W. Box 4021, Kearny Station, Modesto, California 95352 9 111 Eley, Thomas J. Quarters 2903-E MCB, Quantico, Virginia 22134 8 22 Ellis, David H. 539 West Front, Missoula, Montana 59801 2 9 Elmore, Marjorie M. 1728 Hudson Drive, San Jose, California 95124 5 21 Erickson, Dr. Mary M. 3505 Foothill Road, Santa Barbara, California 93105 3 3 Erpino, Dr. Michael J. Department of Biology, Chico State College, Chico, California 95926 2 98 Felt, Arthur C. 5837 South Newlin Avenue, Whittier, California 90601 31 294 Feltes, Charles H. 437 Myrtle Avenue, Modesto, California 95350 31 1,598 Ferris, Reed W. 941 South 13th East Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84105 8 196 Fischer, Rudolph 2846 Peyton Road, LaVerne, California 91750 1 1

Finlay, J. C. Site 9, Route 7, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada 3 14 Fisler, G. F. Dept. of Biology, San Fernando Valley State College, Northridge, Calif. 91324 2 10 Fish Springs NWR Dugway, Utah 84022 1 8 Flavin, John W. c/o General Delivery, Englewood, Colorado 80110 4 19 Foster, William L. Box 598, Nome, Alaska 99762 8 23 Frost, Herbert H. Department of Zoology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84601 2 96 Gehlert, R. E. 12155 96th Street, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada 4 8 Gillespie, Mabel Box 575, Oak Bluffs, Massachusetts02557 8 74 Gimby, R. A. Rm. 2205, Federal Building, 125 South State Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84111 1 11 Gerstenberg, Ron H. Reedley College, Reedley, California 93654 14 73 Harper, Thomas J. Box 16000, Fed. Station, Las Vegas, Nevada 89101 1 985 Harrison, William I. Box 866, Nogales, Arizona 85621 28 152 Havasu Lake NWR Box A, Needles, California 92363 2 5 Hawaii Division of Fish and Game 530 South Hotel Street, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 1 42 Hawaiian Islands NWR Box 157, Kailua, Hawaii 96734 1 38 Hawes, William D. 459 Federal Office Building, Seattle, Washington 98104 1 1 Hawthorne, Vernon M. Box 938, University of California, Truckee, California 95734 3 72 Hein, Dr. Dale Dept. of Fish & Wildlife, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, Colorado 80521 1 164 Hough, Mr. & Mrs. John N. 1515 Mariposa Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 80302 11 184 Huber, Lawerence N. 6832 E. 38th Street, Tucson, Arizona 85710 12 92 Hudson, Dr. George E. Dept. of Zoology, Box 75, Rt. 1, Pullman, Washington 99163 12 82 Hurlbert, Elgin B. Box 123, Pacific Grove, California 93950 8 50 Hutton Lake NWR Walden, Colorado 80480 2 134 Johnson, Donald R. 1132 East E Street, Moscow, Idaho 83843 2 7 Jones, Edgar T. 6115 141st Street, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada 66 576 Jones, Ellis R. Box 217, Cave Creek, Arizona 85331 10 218 Jones, Loring M. 1546 Borah Avenue, Moscow, Idaho 83843 11 145 Kaminsky, Muriel 1213 Robertson Way, Sacramento, California 95818 6 78 Kebbe, Chester E. 5414 N.E. Emerson Street, Portland, Oregon 97218 15 173 Killpack, Merlin L. 1726 24th Street, Ogden, Utah 84401 26 195 Kinsey, Eric C. 17 Southwood Avenue, Ross,California 94957 7 21 Klasson, Barbara Jo Box 70 K,Ponderosa Way, Whitmore, California 96096 12 65 Kootenai NWR Star Rt. 1, Bonners Ferry, Idaho 83805 1 38 Kroodsma, Donald E. 1403 Alta Vista Drive, Corvalis, Oregon 97330 6 232 Lacy, Charles H. 218 10526 Jasper Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada 4 493

Lindner, Mary Rt. 1, Box 10, Hesperus, Colorado 81326 553 Linsdale, Maryann R. 657 Kirkwood Avenue, Salinas, California 93901 92 Lyon, Dr. L. Jack Box 120, Missoula, Montana 59801 1 McKnight, Barbara Box 10, Cedar Crest, New -Mexico 87005 314 McNary NWR Box 19, Burbank, Washington 99323 1,455 Malheur NWR Box 113, Burns, Oregon 97720 952 Manning, D. C. 6860 Greenfield Way, Salt Lake City, Utah 84121 25 Martin, Sid 1110 Wilder Avenue, Helena, Montana 59601 149 Masterson, Norman Rt. 2, Box 77, LaGrande, Oregon 97850 1 Medicine Lake NWR Medicine Lake, Montana 59247 33 Merrick, George G. Rt. 3, Box 320, Bend, Oregon 97701 2,661 Mewaldt, Dr. L. Richard(j)VIOl1dl';''1Y 4150 Golf Drive, San Jose, California 95127 4,327 Minidoka NWR I.4b SI111 :Jo.J~ Rt. 4, Minidoka Dam, Rupert, Idaho 83350 665 Montana Coop. WRU ' )University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59801 118 Montana Fish & Game Shtfe CJtI~~e.Game Management Division, Helena, Montana 59601 1,839 Monte Vista NWR Box 511, Monte Vista, Colorado 81144 5,649 Moos, Louis M. 712 South 13th Avenue, Bozeman, Montana 59715 4,751 Morton, Martin L. Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041 445 Mozejko, Dr. Albert 3332 17th Place, Forest Grove, Oregon 97116 192 Murphy, Gordon J. 4530 Donald Street, Eugene, Oregon 97405 12 (Payne, D. E.) Rt. 7, Box 159A, Eugene, Oregon 97405 269 Murphy, Dr. Joseph R.· Department of ZOQlogy, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84601 12 National Bison Range Range Manager, Moise, Montana 59824 266 Neff, Johnson A. 3965 South Bannock Street, Englewood, Colorado 80110 682 Nevada Fish & Game Commission Box 10678, Reno, Nevada 89510 2,931

New Mexico State University David E. Babb, Box 1, University Park, New Mexico 88001 1,956 Oakland Park Department Room 224, City Hall, Oakland, California 94612 211 Okamoto, Walter S. 951 South 8th, #1, Salt Lake City, Utah 84105 44 Orbesen, Thomas L. Rt. 1, Box 66, Aztec, New Mexico 87410 402 Oregon State Game Commission Box 3503, 1634 S.W. Alder Street, Portland, Oregon 97201 2,818 Orians, Dr. Gordon H. Dept. of Zoology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105 1 677 Peterson, Donald 1705 EvergreenStreet, Burbank, California 91505 4 12 Peterson, Liven A., Jr. 2015 Sunrise Rim Road, Boise, Idaho 83705 3 858 Peyton, Leonard J. Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, Box 550, College, Alaska 99735 14 252 (Peyton, Sidney) 1498 Old Telegraph Road, Fillmore, California 93015 8 35 Point Reyes Bird Observatory Palomarin Ranch, Mesa Road, Bolinas, California 94924 17,834 Radke, Eleanor Box 446, Cave Creek, Arizona 85331 86 Ravalli NWR Box 547, Stevensville, Montana 59870 1,043 Rea, Amadeo M. Center for Man & Environment, Prescott College, Prescott, Arizona 86301 1 Red Rock Lakes NWR Lima, Montana 59739 61 Ringering, Orley D. 820 East Berkeley, Gladstone, Oregon 97027 943 Robbins, Chandler S. 7900 Brooklyn Bridge Road, Laurel, Maryland 20810 304 Roberts, Don R. Box 1546, Bakersfield, California 93302 1,574 Robert, Henry c/o Marianne Shepard, Box 141, Glen Ellen, California 95442 898 Robinson, G. W. Cooperative Wildlife ResearchUnit, Fort Collins, Colorado 80321 681

Rodgers, Dr. Thomas L. 942 Hazel Street, Chico, California 95926 34 Rogers,Thomas H. E. 10820 Maxwell, Spokane, Washington 99206 11 Ross, Eunic

Sacramento NWR Rt. 1, Box 311, Willows, California 95988 39 San Luis NWR Box 2176, Los Banos, California 93635 20 San Miguel, Michael 610 Greenbank Avenue, Duarte, California 91010 2,810 (Atwood, Jon) 511 Santa Maria, Arcadia, California 91006 964 Scheible, Richard J. 2352 Sacramento Street, Berkeley, California 94702 6 Schultz, Zelia M. 3560 South Brandon Street, Seattle, Washington 98118 542 Sheppard, Jay M. 4002 Howard Avenue #9, Los Alamitos, California 90720 50 Sheridan, Carol A. 9620 Barnes Lane, Tacoma, Washington 98444 703 Skay, C. M. 1355 Belford, Reno, Nevada89502 1,047 Smith, H. C. 8613 157th Street, Edmonton 52, Alberta, Canada 17

Snider, Patricia R. 4432-A Alabama Street, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544 255 Snyder, Mildred O. 161 Del Mar Circle, Aurora, Colorado 80010 442 Speich, Steven Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz. 85721 1,608 Stabler, Dr. Robert M. Colorado College, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80903 41 Staebler, Dr. Arthur E. 32580 Lodge Road, Tollhouse, California 93667 1,346 Stendell, Rey C. Museum Vert. Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 94 Stevenson, Thelma V. 1601 N. College, Space98, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521 12 Stillwater WMA Eason Building, Box 592, Fallon, Nevada 89406 101 Stoner, Emerson A. 285 East L Street, Benicia, California 94510 1,080 Stout, Dr. Harold B. Box 517, Brewster, Washington 98812 143 Swearingen, W. L., Jr. 663 Augustine Lane, Lafayette, California 94549 32 Swisher, Otis D. 1002 South Oakdale, Medford, Oregon 97501 1,334 (Powers, Leon) 64 Tainter, Fern R. P.O. Box 1122, San Luis Obispo, California 93401 550 Tanner, Valen T. 22211 Prospect Street, Hayward, California 94541 35 Thorne Ecological Foundation 1229 University Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 80302 102 Travis, Mr. & Mrs. James R. 417 Estante Way, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544 509 Trost, C. H. Department of Biology, Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho 83201 44 Tule Lake NWR Rt. 1, Box 74, Tulelake, California 96134 4,812 Turnbull NWR Rt. 3, Box 107, Cheney, Washington 99004 317

Umatilla NWR Box 239, Umatilla, Oregon 97882 3 4 University of California, Santa Barbara Department of Biological Sciences,Santa Barbara, California 93106 2 47 Utah Division of Fish & Game 1596 West North Temple, Salt Lake City, Utah 84116 13 5,772 Verner, Dr. Jared Department of Biology, CWSC,Ellensburg, Washington 98926 2 94 Wahl, Terence R. 3041 Eldridge, Bellingham, Washington 98225 34 4,785 Wang, Arthur Box 2916, Carmel, California 93921 5 48 Ward, Michael E. 2335 Ironwood Avenue, Morro Bay, California 93442 28 185 Washington Department of Game Mt. Vernon District Office, 1100 E. College Way, Mt. Vernon, Wash.98273 12 1,658 Weinrich, Alva E. Room 4008, 650 Capitol Mall, Sacramento, California 95814 11 793 Weitzel, Floyd E. Lane Community College, Eugene, Oregon 97405 14 179

Wells, Shirley 30443 La Vista Verde, San Pedro, California 90732 74 1,973 Weseloh, D. Vaughn Department of Biology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada 3 737 West, Dr. George C. University of Alaska, College, Alaska 99701 17 124 (Norton, David) 4 299 Weston, Dr. Henry G. Department of Biological Sciences,San JoseState College, San Jose, Calif. 95114 1 7 White, Jennifer M. Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Berkeley, California 94720 9 77 Wight, Howard M. Dept. of Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 1 850 Willapa NWR Ilwaco, Washington 98624 1 40 William L. Finley NWR Rt. 2, Box 208, Corvallis, Oregon 97330 3 305 Winkler, Dr. Howard A. Box 1549, Durango, Colorado 81301 9 110 Wirtz, William O. Department of Zoology, Pomona College, Claremont, California 91711 46 Wisner, H. P. Biology Department, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403 18 Wright, Michael E. Box 285, Chico, California 95926 29 Wyoming Game & Fish Commission Box 567, Torrington, Wyoming 82240 2,983

Report received too late to include in annual report: Graham, Hatch U.S. Forest Service, 144 N. Mountain View, San Bernardino, California 92408

Also, 39 banders reported no birds banded during 1970.

Names in parentheses indicate Sub-permittees.

The annual total of birds banded in 1970 in the W.B.B.A. area was 184,681, down about 5,000 from the 1969 total of 189,987. The downward trend from 1968 continues with a 2.7% decrease of total birds banded from 1969. The 226 active banders reporting in 1969 had banded an average of 895 birds each; in 1970 the average for 213 active banders reporting was 867. A difference in average number of species banded (13.6 in 1969, 14.8 in 1970) is not significant.

Active banders recording less than 100 individuals banded represented 38.5% of the total of active banders re- porting, in both 1969 and 1970. In 1970, 39 banders reported no birds banded.

Allegra Collister 133 Michael San Miguel...... 91 Stephen M. Russell 83 (Includes 4 sub-permittees)

Numbers High: R. Wayne Campbell 4,992 Terence Wahl...... 4,785 Louis Moos 4,751

Point Reyes Bird Observatory banded 17,834 birds in 1970, representing a total of 165 species. Operations such as this, which maintain a continuing effort, make a substantial contribution to the knowledge of.a local area, as well as serving as a training ground.

Mallard 21,742 Mourning Dove 17,173 Canada Goose 10,687 Pintail 9,728 Glaucous-winged Gull 9,489 Tricolored Blackbird 8,651 White-crowned Sparrow 6,449 Band-tailed Pigeon 6,281 House Finch 5,368

As in past years, ducks and geeseaccounted for 27.8% of all birds banded in W.B.B.A. territory in 1970. Doves and pigeons, representing 12.6% of birds banded, have replaced Starlings and blackbirds (9.6%) in the rank order of 1969. Decreasing totals of birds banded in the W.B.B.A. territory in recent years (excluding the Pacific Project) may well be partially the result of increased emphasis on "project" versus "shotgun" banding. Still, the banding of "casuals" encountered in the course of a project can generate some of those rare data points that represent our con- crete knowledge of the movements of birds. For example, refer to the July 1970 issue of Western Bird Bander, page 45, and note the recoveries of Martin's Red-shafted Flicker or Stoner's Robin. There is much to be learned, particularly in the inland regions of W.B.B.A. territory, by population and distribution type banding studies.

TABLE 1: BANDING SUMMARY, 1960 - 1970

1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 Number of active reports 170 185 207 200 218 227 212 192 193 226 213 Species banded 376 353 361 368 387 384 402 409 415 406 380 Birds banded 135.077 129,490 164,962 199,584 503,833 637,539 823,594 364,732 223,968 218,974 184,681 Average speciesper bander 16.1 15.3 14.8 15.2 16.2 16.3 15.5 15.9 15.7 13.6 14.8 Average birds per bander 793 699 792 998 2,311 2,808 3,940 1,901 1,160 895 867 Reports of lessthan 100 birds 71 80 78 75 67 70 81 71 64 87 82 ALASKA 12,982 19,062 9,823 12,637 14,050 9,152 15,654 4,742 4,015 1,189 2,443 YUKON, B.C., ALBERTA 2,111 1,782 9,371 8,220 13,066 9,660 11,217 6,292 9,851 12,256 8,133 WASHINGTON, OREGON 25,882 24,787 23,113 26,879 26,644 31,152 25,714 24,715 28,202 29,137 24,319 IDAHO, MONTANA 14,113 17,369 17,772 16,400 23,359 23,894 30,800 18,391 19,133 17,770 15,788 CALIFORNIA 44,240 35,088 46,201 53,040 49,798 51,710 62,466 48,168 66,327 76,121 71,690 NEVADA,UTAH 4,635 7,831 11,667 13,752 23,128 17,736 19,589 19,137 13,260 12,595 13,081 WYOMING, COLORADO 8,196 12,731 24,148 27,243 53,229 44,505 39,418 31,215 36,159 30,864 33,295 ARIZONA, NEW MEXICO* 9,932 10,565 8,624 9,424 6,169 19,858 14,919 15,027 14,987 9,022 15,535* MEXICO* 83 2 12 21 39 123 456 32 * HAWAII, PACIFIC ISLANDS 12,904 275 14,241 31,977 294,419 429,833 603,807 201,663 31,580 29,988 397

* Combined in 1970 Box 10, Cedar Crest, New Mexico 87008

[At our request, Kathleen S. Anderson, Director of the first permanent bird observatory on the East Coast, sent the following summary of the activities and facilities there. Ed.]

The Manomet Bird Observatory, located 40 miles southeast of Boston on a seacliff overlooking Cape Cod Bay, Massachusetts, began full-time operation in August, 1969. Begun as an Operation Recovery Station in the fall of 1966, it became the first permanent observatory on the Atlantic Coast of North America.

Prime objectives of the Manomet Bird Observatory are: 1) the accumulation of controlled banding data for populations and migrations of such species of birds as seems best adapted to serve as indicators of environmental changes, 2) individual research projects of staff members, qualified volunteers, and accredited visitors, and 3) sponsoring or contributing to educational programs which promote the study of natural history and environmental biology.

In the 18 months since MBO opened, more than 18,000 birds have been banded and fully processed, making a total of over 22,500 birds of 143 species since 1966. There have been 50 recoveries, the most distant being a Semi-palmated Sandpiper recovered in the British West Indies off the coast of Venezuela. MBO, in turn, has recap- tured 12 birds banded in other places.

In addition to a continuous banding program, the Observatory is studying the migration of waterfowl and shorebirds along the coast and is initiating several studies of breeding passerines. A major effort this year will be the transferral of all past and future banding records to a data-processing system. Elementary, secondary, and college classesregularly schedule field trips to the Observatory and MBO volun- teers visit classrooms to talk about birds, usually with living examples. MBO staff lectures frequently and the Observatory has sponsored several public programs. Teacher workshops have been provided both at MBO and at schools. This spring, evening courses in Bird Biology and Bird Identification for Beginners will be offered at MBO. In 1970 alone, the educational programs reached more than 8,000 people.

The Manomet Bird Observatory is supported by a membership that has grown to 825 and by grants and do- nations from foundations and other organizations. Facilities, including 'an excellent library, laboratory, and living quarters, are available to qualified researchers and volunteers upon prior arrangement with the Director. Those seeking more information about the program and membership in the Manomet Bird Observatory should write to the Director, Manomet Bird Observatory, Manomet, Massachusetts 02345.

SPECIES HOW MARKED ------Brown Pelican leg streamer red (s.Calif.); orange, Richard E. Pillmore, D.W.R.C., green, blue, white Building 16, Federal Center, (Baja California) Denver, Colorado 80225 dye yellow, green (s.Calif.) patagial tag red, yellow, green (Baja California) Cackling Goose web tag Dr. Calvin J. Lensink, paint &/or dye red, orange, yellow, Clarence Rhode N.W.R., green, blue, white, P.O. Box 346, black, pink, purple Bethel, Alaska 99559 leg band red, orange, green, blue, white, pink Canada Goose leg band yellow Richard E. Pillmore (address above) Canada Goose leg band blue Willapa N.W.R., Ilwaco, Washington 98624 Canada Goose neckband orange Fred E. Wright, Nevada Dept. Fish & Game, dye yellow P.O. Box 10678, Reno, Nevada 89510 ------Mallard nasaI saddIe red, white, black John E. Nagel, Utah Division Fish & Game, 1596 W. North Temple, Salt Lake City, Utah 84116 leg band &/or leg red, orange, yellow, Dr. Mary M. Erickson, Dept. Biological Sciences, streamer &/or green, blue, white, University of California, wing streamer black, pink, violet Santa Barbara, California 93106 leg band green, blue Wallace H. Noerenberg, Alaska Dept. Fish & Game, Subpart Bldg., Juneau, Alaska 99801 Osprey patagiaI tag yellow (Baja California) Richard E. Pillmore (atldress above) Glaucous-winged, dye brown Dr. George L. Hunt, Jr., Western, Herring, School of Biological Sciences, California, University of California, Ring-billed, Mew, Irvine, California 92664 Bonaparte's Gulls

Heerman's Gull leg band yellow (Baja California) Richard E. Pillmore (address above) Scrub Jay leg band red, green, blue, Reed W. Ferris, 941 S. 13th East Street, white, black Salt Lake City, Utah 84105 leg band red, green, blue, Reed W. Ferris white, black (addressabove) leg band red, yellow, green, Dr. Oakleigh Thorne II, Thorne Eco!. Found., white 1229 University Ave., Boulder, Colo. 80302 leg band red, green, blue, Reed W. Ferris white, black (addressabove) leg band red, green, blue, Reed W. Ferris white, black (addressabove)

Also, Dr. Ralph J. Raitt (Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, N.M. 88001) is authorized to use red, yellow, green, blue, white, and/or black leg bands on the following: Scaled Quail, Roadrunner, Western Kingbird, Ash-throated Fly- catcher, Horned Lark, Verdin, Cactus Wren, Mockingbird, Crissal Thrasher, Black-tailed Gnatcatcher, Loggerhead Shrike, Scott's Oriole, Eastern Meadowlark, Western Meadowlark, Brown-headed Cowbird, Pyrrhuloxia, and Black-throated Sparrow. FAUNA SILL-': 69 A. S£ROAN#Z8 MEXICO D.t:: 18450

These bands were placed on birds captured in Mexico as part of an active banding program undertaken in recent years by the Mexican Government.

The band on the left was found on a Heermann's Gull (Larus heermanniJ, collected on 14 September 1966 near Long Beach, California. The other band was sent to us by the Mexican Government when we requested a sketch or a sample of their bands.

Another Heermann's Gull, found dead in Baja California on 21 August 1970, wore a band with the numbers 2226/68 and bore the letters "Mex.D.F." and "B.C." (Baja California).

The Bird Banding Laboratory in Laurel, Maryland, is interested in any recaptures of birds wearing Mexican bands. Persons finding such bands will receive an acknowledgment.

Daniel W. Anderson, B.S.F.W., P.O. Box C, Davis, California 95616 William C. Anderson, Otero Junior College, La Junta, Colorado 81050 Mrs. Joseph Burk, 2738 W. Casas Drive, Tucson, Arizona 85704 Robert R. Copper, 1697 N. Madison, Pasadena, California 91104 Charles E. Corchran, 8080 Wrightstown Road, Tucson, Arizona 85715 S. C. Devereux, 5191 Robertson Road, R.R. 1, Delta, B.C., Canada Clifford A. Drawz, 6605 S.E. 93rd Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97266 John W. Flavin, 170-A South Pratt Parkway, Longmont, Colorado 80501 Maynard A. Fosberg, Route 4, Box 448, Moscow, Idaho 83843 Hatch Graham, U.S. Forest Service, 144 N. Mountain View, San Bernadino, California 92408 Nick G. and Shirley M. Johannesma, 2052 Hatch Road, Novato, California 94947 Wayne D. Johnson, 247 Santa Ana, Long Beach, California 90815 T. James Lewis, Box 321, Bolinas, California 94924 Robin E. Lewis, 13484 Myren Drive, Saratoga, California 95070 John S. Luther, 7481 Woodrow, Oakland, California 94611 James M. Micuda, Route 1, Box 709, Dallas, Oregon 97338 Robert A. Montgomery. 1208 S. Dundee Avenue, Dundee, Illinois 60118 Albert Mozejko, 3332 17th Place, Forest Grove, Oregon 97116 Leon Powers, 20 Elm Street, Medford, Oregon 97501 Robert Rodrigues, 26122 Parkside, Hayward, California 94542 Rey C. Stendell, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 AMENDMENTS In the January issue of Western Bird Bander, members were asked to vote on proposed revisions to W.B.B.A.'s constitution. These amendments would add Student/Sub-permittee and Institutional Memberships, and would place the Editor and the immediate past president on the Executive Council. The amendments were approved by 93 of 94 responding members and therefore stand as presented.

PHOTOGRAPHS For the second year in succession, we have forgotten to credit the Annual Meeting photographers for their contributions to Western Bird Bander. May we now offer our sincere apologies and belated thanks to Grace Nixon for the 1970 photographs and to R. Wayne Campbell for 1971.

SKULLING The March-April 1971 issue of EBBA News (publication of the Eastern Bird Banding Association) has an article by R. P. Yunick, "A Word of Caution About Skull-Aging Aids." Dr. Yunick discusses Kodak's wetting agent, "Photo-Flo"; the alcohols; detergents and soap. His conclusion: "Despite its slower wetting ability, water appears to be the soundest approach to wetting down a bird's plumage for purposes of skull aging. Alcohols present possible risks as irritants; ethylene glycol and various detergents and soaps present possible risks as persistent migratory wetting agents; and until data are at hand to refute the risk potentials, I do not recommend the use of these surfactants as skull-aging aids."

SEXING RAPTORS A method for sexing raptors during the breeding season is published as a General Note in The Auk 88:173-174, 1971. The authors, Frances Hamerstrom and John L. Skinner, describe a procedure for prolapsing the vent which was successful in sexing 8 out of 18 birds handled.

NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CHAPTER The Northern California Chapter of W.B.B.A. officially disbanded on 20 March 1971. Its president, Robert M. Stewart, informed us that records and minutes will be filed at Point Reyes Bird Observatory, and cash on hand will be given to W.B.B.A.

ANNUAL REPORT Again this year, Michael San Miguel has spent many tedious hours in compiling the Annual ,Report. We are greatly indebted to him and to his two assistants, Shirley Wells and Jay Sheppard. Thanks, too, to the many banders who responded promptly and carefully to the questionnaire and who made the Annual Report possible.

Although the Report is itemized by state, some banders may wish a further breakdown for some particular species. Mr. San Miguel will be happy to provide this information if you will write to him at 610 Greenbank, Duarte, California 91010.

PRESENTATION TO IAN McGREGGOR At the papers session of the recent Annual Meeting, the gull-banders of the Vancouver area presented Ian McGreggor with a new zoom-lens telescope. Since 1966, Mr. McGreggor has made over 5,000 telescope readings of gull bands. l££98 euoz!J\t '>jaaJJ al\eJ 91717x08 '0 'd B30NVH OBIH NB3~S3~

The Western Bird Bander is published four times a year by the Western Bird-Banding Association. Applications for membership should be sent to the Business Manager. Membership classifications are: Active Member, $4.50 per year; Associate Member, $4.50 per year; Student and/or Sub-permittee, $3.50 per year; Sustaining Member, $9.00 per year; Life Member, $100.00.

President Terence R. Wahl, 3041 Eldridge, Bellingham, Washington 98225 First Vice President Mrs. Allegra Collister, 706 Hover Road, Longmont, Colorado 80501 Second Vice President Dr. Charles T. Collins, Department of Biology, California State College, Long Beach, California 90801 Secretary...... Mrs. Shirley Wells, 30443 La Vista Verde Drive, San Pedro, California 90732 Business Manager Ellis R. Jones, P.O. Box 217, Cave Creek, Arizona 85331 Editor Mrs. Eleanor L. Radke, P.O. Box 446, Cave Creek, Arizona 85331 WESTERN BIRD BANDER

EARL BAYSINGER AND BIRD-BANDING by Terry Wahl ...... 35 A PROPOSED AGE-SEX MANUAL FOR WESTERN BIRDS by Amadeo M. Rea 36

ANALYSIS OF BODY WEIGHTS OF SPRING MIGRANTS IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA by Charles T. Collins and Richard A. Bradley ..... 38 KEY TO AGE AND SEX DETERMINATION OF VERDINS by George T. Austin and Amadeo M. Rea . . . . . 41 BLACK-CAPPED VIREO IN ARIZONA 42

On 1 May, Earl Baysinger moved from the Bird Banding Laboratory to bigger (and better?) things. W.B.B.A. is sorry to see him leave, and yet of course we wish him well in his new job. We also thank Larry Hood for his work as Acting Director and wish George M. Jonkel well as incoming Director of the B.B.L.

Earl's co-operation with banders, his interest in helping us to further our programs, and giving to members of the banding associations a perspective of the whole scope of banding have been important. We have had an era when banding was recognized not as a "sport" or a "right" but an accepted responsibility assumed by qualified students.

This is not intended to sound like a eulogy. Indeed, we certainly still have Earl among us banders (hope- fully not among "the rest of us"). We have gained an enthusiastic bander in the ranks of the so-called non-pro- fessionals, who is dedicated to up-grading North American bird-banding.

It was Earl Baysinger who dropped a few bombshells and shook up a generation of banders (starting at a W.B.B.A. annual meeting). We hope his successor will also have the broad picture of banding and its place in ornithology, - - not simply a tool for game-bird management but a technique relating to a vast field of ever-more important zoological and environmental research.

It may be timely right now, with the change at the Bird Banding Laboratory, for banders to perform a little introspection, personally and as regards their banding associations. We banders have to show a serious pur- pose. Trapping, netting, and banding operations may be "fun". Thank heavens for that. But the fun must be viewed as incidental to meaningful results. In this age of ever-tightening budgets, let's make sure our expenditures of bands and data-bank time are intended to count for something. How many of us are simply keeping a life-list of birds banded? If you're Point Reyes Bird Observatory, that's part of the incidental fun; but if that's all we're doing with our back-yard banding, that's bad news!

Co-operative banding projects between amateurs and professionals could be really purposeful. The benefits that biologists could give by way of direction, suggestions, and review of small-scale projects could turn meaning- less efforts into worthwhile information. And drawing together skilled banders on large-scale study efforts, such as the California transect migration studies now going on, is a way to make field work really useful.

Many professionals realize the need for co-operative efforts, but the banding associations, with their large proportion of amateurs seem not yet really to have faced this need. And it is from within the associations that the future direction of amateur banding will have to come, or we face the likelihood that amateur banding will go "down the tube". We must up-grade our purposes, techniques, and results. We must have increased co-opera- tion among banders of all levels of skill and professionalism to bring about meaningful projects.

As banders, let's each make sure our individual place in the banding program is what it should be. Let's have fun but keep in mind we're still living down the old "hobby image" of bird-banding that's bad for public relations and politically bad for banding's many legitimate uses. Let's also keep in mind that banding isn't an end in itself or a way of life - - it's an extremely useful study tool. (Do you set out to band and then try to justify the activity, or do you decide to use banding to provide information that you have determined you need?)

The best use of banding will result when well-informed banders, thoroughly versed on the uses, techniques, literature, and cognizance of other bander's studies, are applying this knowledge to their own current research. And that's what the proposed publications merger is all about. As directed by our members, W.B.B.A. is working on early negotiations of the publications merger. This will be an essential step in elevating our standards through getting information to and between banders. (We are introducing improvements on our own, right now, of course; see the Ageing and Sexing inserts starting with this issue of Western Bird Bander.) Individual banders can help get the publications merger on the way by talking with officers of the various organizations, other banders, Banding Laboratory staff members, and anyone else with pertinent influence.

For some time now, various members of W.B.B.A. have been working out age and sex determination characters for birds of the West. These have appeared at intervals in this journal and apparently have been useful to banders. It is my hope, through our combined efforts, to complete criteria for.!!J birds west of the 100· meridian (species covered in Peterson's "A Field Guide to Western Birds" published in 1961).

A format is supplied below. Banders who handle sufficient numbers of a species to acquire some expertise are requested to work their data into this format. People with access to natural history museums should supplement their information with measurements and other data from study specimens. Accounts will be edited, printed by photo-offset, and inserted looseleaf into issues of Western Bird Bander as an added bonus. Each sheet will bear a date and the compiler's name. We would hope to have several species inserts per issue.

As these sheets are used by banders, unclear, difficult, or erroneous portions can be improved and that particu- lar species sheet reissued. When most species have been covered and field-tested, I plan to edit these for the final version of the manual, acknowledging all contributors. Line drawings are often helpful to show age, sex, or diagnostic species characters. More detailed treatment and photographs may be put into longer articles appearing in Western Bird Bander proper, as we have done in the past. But everything necessary for quick reference should be on the inserts.

Age-sex characters have been worked out for most of the game birds of the United States. Criteria for the following non-game species have appeared in earlier issues of Western Bird Bander: Red-shafted Flicker, the Yellow-bellied Sapsucker complex, all U.S. kingbirds, Magpie, Common and Fish Crows, White-necked and Common Ravens, Verdins, Bushtits, House Finches, and species recognition of the Empidonax flycatchers. It has come to my attention that the following species sheets are in preparation: Turkey Vulture, Goshawk, Sharp-shinned Hawk, Cooper's Hawk, Peregrine Falcon, Sparrow Hawk, Clapper Rail, Bonaparte's Gull, most owls, Yellow-shafted Flicker, Acorn Woodpecker, Pinon and Mexican Jays, Bendire's Thrasher, Orange-crowned Warbler! Yellow-breasted Chat, Red-winged Blackbird, Bullock's Oriole, Boat-tailed Grackle, Brown-headed Cowbird, Summer Tanager, Cardinal, Pyrrhuloxia, Black-headed Grosbeak. That still leaves plenty of species to be covered! The following format is intended to be suggestive rather :than exhaustive, to provide a catalyst for organization. Probably no species sheet will include all these points. However, these are criteria I have drawn up from conferences with Charles Collins, Eleanor Radke, and Jay Sheppard.

Common and Scientific Name. (Mayr and Short, 1970*, is recommended for generic and specific names, pending appearance of the Sixth Edition of the A.O.U. Check-List.)

Specific Characters. Include key characters that will distinguish the species from any other (in any plumage) that might be confused with it. Wing formula, tail pattern, measurements, and diagnostic coloration are helpful. Specify how any measurements are made, and indicate sample size.

Age Characters. Usually, age must be determined before sex can be ascertained. Is skull pneumatization (erroneous- ly called "ossification") of value, and if so, for how long? Presence, color, and duration of rictal (oral) flanges. Color of soft parts: iris, tarsus, soles, bill (maxilla/mandible), mouth and tongue. Plumage color and pattern. Shape of tips of primaries, rectrices, upper or under wing coverts, alula, and crissum. Differential wear and fading of these. Molt and retained feathers. Bursa of Fabricus.

Sex Characters. Plumage pattern and color. Measurements (wing, tail, bill length, tarsus). Weight. Soft parts colors. Incubation patch or cloacal protuberance (in one or both sexes?).

Subspecies. Include here only subspecies (races) recognizable in the field, without aid of comparative specimens. Subspecies may be determined by size (Brown-headed Cowbird, Bullock's Oriole, Summer Tanager), pattern (White- crowned Sparrow, sapsuckers), or color (Horned Lark, some jays, Solitary Vireo). Subspecies groups are often use- ful (Northern Flickers, Dark-eyed Juncos, Fox Sparrows, Song Sparrows, Hermit Thrushes). These groups were sometimes considered "species" (albeit artificial) in the past.

References. Include here only references that the serious bander is likely to have available, to which he can turn for more detailed treatment of the species, should your outline prove inadequate for some specimen in hand. It does little good to cite Ridgway, for few banders are fortunate enough to have his scholarly series! But frequently, more detailed analyses (than possible in the simplified key) can be found in The Auk, The Condor, The Wilson Bulletin, Western Bird Bdnde r, and Bird-Banding. *Mayr, E. and L.L. Short, 1970. Species taxa of North American birds: a contribution to comparative systematics. Publ. Nuttall Ornith. Club 9: 1-127. Under the leadership of the Point Reyes Bird Observatory, a program of intensive bird banding was con- ducted during the period of spring migration in 1970. This "Operation Transect" involved a total of eighteen mist-netting stations throughout California which were manned full time during the first ten days in May (Stewart, 1970). Collectively, these stations succeeded in banding 6,124 individuals representing 120 species. This summary involves the data from only one station, located at the Nature Conservancy Sanctuary in Morongo Valley, San Bernardino County, California (34' 03' N; 116034' WI. This sanctuary is in a small canyon filled with a dense growth of riparian woodland surrounded by very dry Sonoran desert conditions. The various mi- grants are attracted to the abundant food and water which acts as a sort of "bird magnet" in the desert. A total of 1,184 individual birds were banded in the 9 days from 2 May to 10 May 1970. Each day, the nets were operated from dawn to dusk, representing a total of 140 net-hours per day. The entire net surface area was approximately 2,880 square feet.

Even with the large numbers of birds banded during this project, the return and recovery rates are so low that the actual band-derived information is likely to be insignificant or anecdotal at best. However, the addition- al data on age, sex, weight, wing length, fat stores, and molt which are collected at the time of banding can be a rich source of information useful in many areas of ornithological interest. Prior to the use of mist nets, such data on large samples of small passerine birds was only available from the catastrophic destruction of migrants at lighthouses, radio and television towers, and airport ceilometers (Tordoff and Mengel, 1956; Graber and Graber, 1962; Johnston and Haines, 1957; Connell, Odum, and Kale, 1960).

In light of the paucity of such information on spring migrants, body weight data are of particular interest. Also, this parameter can be measured quite accurately and with little observer induced variation. Even though some members of a single species may show considerable individual variation, large samples such as those involved here allow more detailed analysis and statistical treatment of differences between species or between age or sex categories of the same species. Previous studies of weight variation of mist-netted birds include those by Woodford and Lovesy, 1958; Murray and Jehl, 1964; and Mueller and Berger, 1966.

METHODS

All birds were captured in standard nylon mist nets. A crew of two to several banders checked the nets on the average of once every 45 minutes. More frequent checks were made in the cool of the early morning to re- lease captured hummingbirds and also during the hottest parts of the day to avoid undue stress on captured birds. With the exception of the hummingbirds, all birds were fitted with a Fish and Wildlife Service aluminum band, measured, and then released from the banding station located in the canyon. At the time of banding, all birds were aged and sexed when possible and examined for signs of molt, amount of subcutaneous fat in the furcular region, and weighed. Body weights were obtained by means of Pesola spring balances and estimated to the near- est tenth of a gram.

RESULTS AND STATISTICAL TREATMENT

The body weight data for 38 species handled in Morongo Valley are summarized in Table 1. For each species or sex where more than four individuals were handled we present, in addition to the mean weight of the sample and range of weights, a value for twice the standard error of the mean. For large samples, the range of values encompassed by the mean plus two standard errors and the mean minus two standard errors approximates the 95 percent confidence interval. If two samples have non-overlapping confidence intervals, they can be con- sidered to be statistically significantly different at the 0.05 level, even though the total range of values for the two samples may overlap greatly (Simpson, Roe, and Lewontin, 1960:353). This is true in the comparison of the weights of male and female Wilson's Warblers (Table 1.). The range of weights for both sexes is very similar (5.7 to 8.9 and 5.4 to 8.6 grams) but the approximated 95 percent confidence intervals (mean plus and minus twice the standard error of the mean) for males is 6.96 to 7.10 grams while for females it is 6.72 to 6.84 grams and thus non-overlapping. The Student's Hest confirms that this difference is highly significant. In other cases where the confidence intervals overlap, or the sample sizes are small, the samples should be tested more rigorous- ly to determine if they are in fact significantly different. In this report all samples were tested by means of Student's Hest for differences significantly different at the 0.05 level. Such differences are indicated in Table 1. (x ±2S_) x

Spotted Sandpiper 1 36.8 Ladder-backed Woodpecker 1 41.0 Nuttall's Woodpecker 1 38.5 Ash-throated Flycatcher 2 24.7 (23.4 --25.9) Hammond's Flycatcher 8 9.46 ± 0.54 ( 8.9 --10.9) Dusky Flycatcher 7 10.10 ± 0.76 ( 8.6 --11.1) Western Flycatcher 19 10.03 ± 0.39 ( 8.1 --11.5) Western Wood Pewee 15 12.83 ± 0.75 (12.4 --15.2) Verdin 1 6.8 Common Bushtit 2 5.9 ( 5.7 -- 6.0) Bewick's Wren 3 9.3 ( 8.4 -- 9.0) Hermit Thrush 5 22.8 ± 1.50 (20.2 --24.1) Swainson's Thrush 143 29.02 ± 0.49 (23.1 --39.2) Ruby-crowned Kinglet 2 5.9 ( 5.8 -- 6.0) Bell's Vireo 2 8.8 ( 8.7 -- 8.9) Solitary Vireo 16 14.44 ± 0.43 (12.9 --15.9) Warbling Vireo 64 11.95 ± 0.29 ( 9.2 --14.9) Orange-crowned Warbler 32 8.22 ± 0.28 ( 6.5 -- 9.5) Nashville Warbler 15 8.02 ± 0.32 ( 6.8 -- 9.0) Yellow Warbler (Males) 54 8.96 ± 0.21 ( 8.0 --10.7)] * (Females) 34 8.41 ± 0.17 ( 7.5 -- 9.8) Audubon's Warbler 6 10.43 ± 0.55 ( 9.4 --11.1) Black-throated Gray Warbler 2 7.9 ( 7.9 -- 7.9) Townsend's Warbler (Males) 10 9.13 ± 0.54 ( 7.8 --10.2) ] * (Females) 6 8.45 ± 0.35 ( 8.0 -- 9.0) Hermit Warbler 3 8.3 ( 7.6 -- 9.0) MacGillivray's Warbler (Males) 9 10.33 ± 0.63 ( 9.2 --11.8) (Females) 4 9.70 ± 0.50 ( 9.2 --10.3) Yellowthroat 4 9.5 ( 8.3 --10.8) Yellow-breasted Chat 14 25.21 ± 1.36 (21.3 --29.0) Wilson's Warbler (Males) 274 7.03 ± 0.06 ( 5.7 -- 8.9)] * (Females) 241 6.78 ± 0.06 ( 5.4 -- 8.6) Hooded Oriole (Female) 1 24.5 Western Tanager (SY Males) 7 26.94 ± 0.88 (24.7 --28.5) (ASY Males) 16 28.92 ± 1.52 (24.0 --34.5) (AHY Females) 4 27.45 (26.0 --29.5) Summer Tanager (Females) 2 33.0 (32.0 --34.0) Black-headed Grosbeak (Males) 6 42.47 ± 2.99 (35.0 --44.3) (Females) 6 40.38 ± 1.64 (38.5 --43.2) Lazuli Bunting 8 13.78 ± 0.70 (12.0 --15.2) Pine Siskin 35 12.95 ± 0.51 (10.5 --18.4) Lesser Goldfinch (Males) 32 9.09 ± 0.23 ( 8.1 --10.9) (Females) 20 9.21 ± 0.21 ( 8.2 --10.0) Lawrence's Goldfinch 8 10.43 ± 0.42 ( 9.3 --11.2) White-crowned Sparrow 2 24.1 (21.2 --27.0) Lincoln's Sparrow 6 17.18 ± 1.10 (15.6 --18.8)

*Samples indicated by brackets] were determined to be significantly different at the 0.05 level by means of Student's t-test. The use of Student's t-test for the comparison of two sample means and the calculation of this statistic is ex- plained in most standard text books on statistics (for example, Simpson, Roe, and Lewontin, 1960: 172-178).

For several species the sample sizes were large enough to permit an analysis of day to day differences in weight as well as differences correlated with the time of the day. These differences will be considered in greater detail in a subsequent issue of Western Bird Bander.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We are particularly indebted to the several people who gave so much of their time and energy to operate this station during the banding period: Michael San Miguel, Jay M. Sheppard, Shirley Wells, Barbara W. Massey and family, Russell Scalf, David Bradley, Abagail King, and Peppy Van Essen. Without their cooperation this study would not have been possible. We are also grateful to the Nature Conservancy for permission to operate this banding station in their Big Morongo Valley Sanctuary.

Connell, C.E., E.P. Odum and H. Kale. 1960. Fat-free weights of birds. The Auk, 77:1-9. Graber, R.R. and J.W. Graber. 1962. Weight characteristics of birds killed in nocturnal migration. The Wilson Bulletin, 74:74:88. Johnston, D.W. and T.P. Haines. 1957. Analysis of massbird mortality in October, 1954. The Auk, 74:447-458. Mueller, H.C., and D.O. Berger. 1966. Analyses of weight and fat variations in transient Swainson's Thrushes. Bird-Banding, 37: 83-112. Murray, B.G., Jr. and J.R. Jehl, Jr. 1964. Weights of autumn migrants from coastal New Jersey. Bird-Banding, 35:253-263. Simpson, G.G., A. Roe and R.C. Lewontin. 1960. Quantitative Zoology. Harcourt, Brace and World, Inc. 44 pgs. Stewart, R. 1970. Operation transect. Western Bird Bander, 45:40-41. Tordoff, H.B. and R.M. Mengel. 1956. Studies of birds killed in nocturnal migration. Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 10:1-44. Woodford, J. and F.T. Lovesy. 1958. Weights and measurements of wood warblers at Pelee Island. Bird-Banding, 29: 109-11O.

Scientific names of species mentioned in the text: Spotted Sandpiper (Actitus macularia); Ladder-backed Woodpecker (Dendrocopos scalaris); Nuttall's Woodpecker (Dendrocopos nuttallii); Ash-throated Flycatcher (Myiarchus cinerascens); Hammond's Flycatcher (Empidonax hammondii); Dusky Flycatcher (Empidonax oberholseri); Western Flycatcher (Empidonax difficilis); Western Wood Pewee (Contopus sordidulus); Verdin (Auriparus flaviceps); Common Bushtit (Psaltriparus minimus); Bewick's Wren (Thryomanes bewickii); Hermit Thrush (Hylocichla guttata); Swainson's Thrush (Hylocichla ustulata); Ruby-crowned Kinglet (Regulus calendula); Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii); Solitary Vireo (Vireo solitarius); Warbling Vireo (Vireo gilvus); Orange-crowned Warbler (Vermivora celata); Nashville Warbler (Vermivora ruficapi/Ia); Yellow Warbler (Dendroica petechia); Audubon's Warbler (Dendroica auduboni); Black- throated Gray Warbler (Dendroica nigrescens); Townsend's Warbler (Dendroica townsendi); Hermit Warbler (Dendroica occidentalis); MacGillivray's Warbler (Oporornis tolmiei); Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas); Yellow-breasted Chat (Icteria virens); Wilson's Warbler (Wi/sonia pusilla); Hooded Oriole (Icterus cucullatus); Western Tanager (Piranga ludoviciana); Summer Tanager (Piranga rubra); Black- headed Grosbeak (Pheucticus melanocephalus); Lazuli Bunting (Passerina amoena) Pine Siskin (Spinus pinus); LesserGoldfinch (Spinus psaltria); Lawrence's Goldfinch (Spinus lawrencei); White-crowned Sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys); Lincoln's Sparrow (Melospiza lincolnii).

(Pesola scale used with black polyethylene bag.) During examination of about 130 Verdin (Auriparus flavicepsJ skins from Arizona, we have found reliable characters for distinguishing age and sex as follows:

1. Head mostly gray or mixed gray (old feathers) and yellow (new feathers)

3. All primaries and greater upper primary coverts of uniform color.

3'. Several inner primaries and all greater upper primary coverts retained (i.e., brownish, contrasting with gray outer primaries) .

4. Lesser primary coverts rich brown red (towards Chestnut in Palmer 1962*)

The above key will separate nearly all birds. The incomplete first prebasic molt (from two to five inner primaries retained and all greater primary coverts) is the basis for separating first year immatures (HY or SY) from adults (AHY or ASY). The retained inner primaries are more worn and faded (browner) than the newer (grayer) distal primaries. Any yellow-headed bird with inner primaries older than any primary distal to them is a bird of the year (HY or SY). Retained primary coverts are rounded, tipped with light brown, and contrast with the outer primaries.

Theoretically, SY birds are distinguishable until the complete second prebasic molt, although actually all primaries may become too worn to distinguish old from new ones into the second summer.

In addition to the difference in color of lesser coverts, the proximal (inner) web of these feathers in males is either entirely red or at least broadly tipped with red; in females the proximal web is gray or narrowly tipped with red. The sample of juvenal (HY) birds of known sex is small and their sex characters are open to refinement.

Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 and Center for Man and Environment, Prescott College, Prescott, Arizona 86301 A Black-capped Vireo, banded in Arizona by Charles E. Corchran, was a first record for the state. Mr. Corchran wrote the following details of the banding:

"The Black-capped Vireo (Vireo atricapilla), an AHY male, band number 113-01006, was banded 04-08-70 at Tanque Verde Guest Ranch, Route 8, Tucson, ·Arizona, at 9: 15 a.m. The Ranch is located north of the Saguaro National Monument at the foothills of the Rincon Mountains. Co- ordinates for this location are 321-1108. This vireo had a wing measurement of 58mm., a total length of 112mm., and weighed 8.7 grams. A good quantity of fat on abdomen and breast was noted. The typical small vireo bill, glossy black head, wrnte eye-ring with white patch extending to upper mandible, plus dark olive-green back and two buffy wing bars, made identification no problem.

"This bird was captured in a mist net, set in a small grove of mesquite, palo verde, and creosote bushes. A free-flowing bird bath was located near this desert growth and the vireo came first to the water and from there flew into the net. After being banded, it returned twice to the water within thirty minutes and then disappeared. I deeply regret I have no photograph of this beauti- ful small vireo."

(Signed) Charles E. Corchran Box 242 Lake Hubert, Minnesota 56459

(We, too, regret the absence of a photograph. A photograph, in addition to a detailed description taken at the time of capture, enhances the value of such records. The Black-capped Vireo nests as far west as Big Bend National Park in Texas and winters on the west coast of Mexico. Ed.)

William Anderson, 1091 Eyremount Drive, West Vancouver, B.C., Canada J. Richard Hilton, Box 293, Pacific Palisades, California 90272 Mary P. Lindner, Route 1, Box 10, Hesperus, Colorado 81326 Carroll B. Littlefield, Route 1, Friona, Texas 79035 Dorothy Luther, 4515 Marcy Lane, No. 239, Indianapolis, Indiana 46205 Office of Library Services, Accession Services Division, Acquisition Branch, Washington, D.C. 20240 Ashley J. Owen, 720 Galey Walk, Apt. 106, Goleta, California 93017 Thomas H. Rogers, E. 10820 Maxwell, Spokane, Washington 99206 Stanford University Library, Serials Division, Stanford, California 94305 Charles P. Stone, 12355 West Texas Drive, Lakewood, Colorado 80228 Michael E. Wright, P.O. Box 285, Chico, California 95926

Mrs. Frederic Luther of Indianapolis, Indiana, is making a study of repeats, returns, and recoveries of Pileated Woodpeckers. Anyone having such information is requested to send it to Mrs. Luther at 4515 Marcy Lane, Indianapolis, Indiana 46205. Brown Pelican. No. 519-68174. Banded by Denver Wildlife Research Center personnel in Baja California on 30 June 1970. Recovered in Ajo, Arizona, on 12 October 1970. Red-footed Booby. No. 757-85507. Banded by the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife on Manana Island, Oahu, Hawaii, in August 1969. Recovered on Mejit Island in the Marshall Islands in April 1970, a dis- tance of approximately 2,100 miles.

Ferruginous Hawk. No. 597-94488. Banded by John W. Flavin at White Butte, South Dakota, on 6 July 1967. Recovered at EI Salvador, Zacatecas, Mexico, on 24 April 1968. Dunlin. No. 67-193801*. Banded by David W. Norton at Barrow, Alaska, on 19 June 1969. Recovered at Starodubsk, Dolinskii District, U.S.S.R. (47"27'N - 142°49'E) on 17 October 1969.

Dunlin. No. 72-191708*. Banded by David W. Norton at Barrow, Alaska, on 15 July 1968. Recovered at lazarev Cape, Nikolaev District, U.S.S.R. (52° 13'N - 141°28'E) on 28 October 1969.

California Gull. No. 605-14374. Banded by louis M. Moos at Ocean lake, Wyoming, on 11 June 1964. Re- covered at Calgary, Alberta, Canada, on 3 June 1970.

Great Horned Owl. No. 508-54745. Banded by John W. Flavin at Sanger, California, on 27 March 1965. Re- covered in Sanger, California on 25 March 1970.

Clark's Nutcracker. No. 623-33454. Trapped and banded by Genevieve Delong at Hallowell Park, Rocky Mountain N.P., Colorado, on 9 August 1962. Netted by Allegra Collister at Bear lake, R.M.N.P., Colorado, on 27 August 1970.

Starling. No. 723-31014. Banded by W.C. Royall, Jr., at Grimes, California on 26 November 1963. Recovered at Chilliwack, B.C., Canada, on 4 March 1970.

Starling. No. 763-26165. Banded by W.C. Royall, Jr., at Pittsburg, California, on 27 October 1964. Recovered 9 miles north of Conrad, Montana, on 5 March 1970.

laysan Albatross. No. 39-716433. Banded as a breeding bird on Midway Island on 7 December 1939 and was probably 7 years old at that time. The bird was therefore at least 38 years old when recaptured on Midway Island on 10 December 1970 by Vernon Kleen of Southern Illinois University. Reported by Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, Kailua, Hawaii. Sparrow Hawk. No. 653-42761. Banded by Jay M. Sheppard as a U-F at Wilmington, California, on 19 Decem- ber 1965. Returned 6 December 1970. (No previous returns) Dunlin. No. 74-153059*. Banded by David W. Norton at Barrow, Alaska, on 20 July 1969. Returned 4 June 1970. This bird was an experimental chick, subjected to low temperatures as an embryo, survived treat- ment, and returned to breed in 1970. (0) Poorwill. No. 72-178395. Banded by Barbara McKnight at Eagle Peak, Tularosa Mountains, Catron County, New Mexico, on 31 May 1969. Returned 24 May 1970. (0) Yellow·bellied Sapsucker. No. 65-151927. Banded by Denver Wildlife Research Center personnel 8 miles north of Florissant, Colorado, on 3 June 1969. Returned on 9 August 1970. (0) Orange-crowned Warbler. No. 114-77835. Banded by Allegra Collister at longmont, Colorado, on 4 October 1967. Returned 9 October 1970. (0)

Yellow·breasted Chat. No. 107-000007. Banded by Allegra Collister at longmont, Colorado, on 3 September 1967. Returned on 15 September 1970. (0) White-crowned Sparrow. No. 31·178905. Banded by Emerson A. Stoner at Benecia, California, on 2 December 1964. Returned on 15 December 1970. (?) Golden-crowned Sparrow. No. 31-179464. Banded by Walton A. Smith at Gray lodge Wildlife Area near Gridley, California, on 21 December 1961. Returned 16 December 1970. (0) Leach's & Fork-tailed red, yellow, green, Willapa N.W.R., Petrel, Black Oyster- blue, white Mr. G.A. Devan, catcher, Common Murre, Ilwaco, Washington 98624 Ancient Murrelet, Cassin's Auklet, Rhinoceros Auklet, Tufted Puffi n Great Blue Heron radio transmitter Dr. Mary M. Erickson, wing tag Dept. BioI. Sc., Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106 Dale Witt, Montana Dept. Fish & Game, Box 482, Fairfield, Montana 59436 Dr. Stanley Harris, Humboldt St. College, Div. Nat. Res., Arcata, California 95521 red, orange, green, blue Philip D. Creighton, Dept. of Zoology, C.S.U., white, black, purple Fort Collins, Colorado 80521

red, yellow, green, blue Dr. L. Richard Mewaldt, Avian Bioi. Lab., white, black San Jose St. Coli., San Jose, Calif. 95114 red, orange, yellow, green, J. David Ligon, Dept. Biology, U.N.M., blue, white, violet Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106 yellow John W. Anderson, 2509 Sierra Blvd., Sacramento, California 95825 Donald E. Kroodsma, 1403 Alta Vista Dr., N.W., Corvallis, Oregon 97330 leg band Donald E. Kroodsma (address above)

leg band red, orange, yellow, green, Bruce E. Deuel, Route 13, Box 605, blue, white, purple Tucson, Arizona 85705 red, yellow, green, white, Shirley Wells, 30443 La Vista Verde, black San Pedro, California 90732 Dr. Richard O. Hayes, Arboviral DiseaseSec., USPHS, P.O. Box 551, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521 leg band red, silver (Wyoming) W;C. Royall, Jr., D.W.R.C., leg streamer yellow, orange (Wyoming); Bldg. 16, Federal Center, green, blue (Oregon) Denver, Colorado 80225 dye red, orange, yellow, green Philip D. Creighton leg band red, orange, green, blue, (addressabove) white, black, purple

Lark Sparrow, leg band red, yellow, green, blue, Dr. L. Richard Mewaldt Oregon Junco, white, black (address above) White-crowned Sparrow, Golden-crowned Sparrow Black-chinned Sparrow leg band red, orange, yellow, green, J. David Ligon blue, white, violet (address above) McCown's & leg band red, orange, green, blue, Philip D. Creighton Chestnut-sided white, black, purple (address above) Longspurs

The following changes should be made to the 1970 Annual Report as published in the April 1971 issue of Western Bird Bander:

(a) Those bandings credited to L. Richard Mewaldt were done by the personnel of the Avian Biology Lab- oratory, San Jose State College.

(b) The 16 Ground Doves reported as banded in Colorado-Wyoming were instead banded in Arizona. The high individual total of 15 should have been credited to S.M. Russell. George M. Jonkel, formerly in the land acquisition program of the Fish and Wildlife Service in South Dakota, will succeed Earl B. Baysinger as Director of the B.B.L. Mr. Jonkel's Master's Degree from the University of Montana was awarded for Chukar studies. He has been a bander for several years, is a member of the A.O.U., and has been active in a raptor preservation association.

Over 200 Greater Sandhill Cranes (Crus canadensis) have been banded and color-marked during 1969 and 1970 on their breeding grounds in Idaho, Montana, Utah, and Wyoming.

A 1Y:," X 3" Herculite tag was placed on one leg, above the tibio-tarsal joint, while a larger 3" x 3" tag was placed on the other leg. The small tag may be a solid red, orange, yellow, green, blue, or white. The larger tag may be a solid color or a bicolor combination of red/white, blue/white, blue/yellow, green/white, yellow/white, red/blue, or red/orange.

Please report size (large or small) and color of tag on each leg, date, location, and number of cranes in the flock. Observations should be sent to (1) Idaho Cooperative Wild- life Research Unit, c/o Rod Drewien or Elwood Bizeau, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83843; or (2) Grays Lake National Wildlife Refuge, c/o Russell Hoffman, Refuge Manager, Soda Springs, Idaho 83276.

This season Point Reyes Bird Observatory started color-banding Western Gulls and Pelagic and Brandt's Cormorant chicks. Each year's chicks will be given a specific color. This year's chicks have yellow bands on the left leg. In 1972, chicks will have blue bands; 1973, white; and 1974, green bands.

When these birds return to the Islands as adults they will then be birds of known age for the study of age- specific behavior and productivity. Hopefully these birds will also be sighted, and reported, away from the Islands. Those data will show the pattern and timing of dispersal away from the Islands relative to age.

We would appreciate receiving reports of sightings of these birds giving species, date, and place. In the past we have had band recoveries of Farallon birds all along the Pacific Coast from Seattle to San Diego, including many in the San Francisco Bay Area. Sightings of color-banded birds will help to fill the gaps in these data. L££9S euozp'v' '>taaJ~ al\~ 9vv xOS'O"d U30NVO aUlD NH3~S~£

The Western Bird Bander is published fqur times a year by the Western Bird-Banding Association. Applications for membership should be sent to the Business Manager. Membership classifications are: Active Member, $4.50 per year; Associate Member, $4.50 per year; Sustaining Member, $9.00 per year; Life Member, $100.00.

President Terence R. Wahl, 3041 Eldridge, Bellingham, Washington 98225 First Vice President Mrs. Allegra Collister, 706 Hover Road, Longmont, Colorado 80501 Second Vice President Dr. Charles T. Collins, Department of Biology, California State College, Long Beach, California 90801 Secretary...... Mrs. Shirley Wells, 30443 La Vista Verde Drive, San Pedro, California 90732 Business Manager Ellis R. Jones, P.O. Box 217, Cave Creek, Arizona 85331 Editor Mrs. Eleanor L. Radke, P.O. Box 446, Cave Creek, Arizona 85331 WESTERN BIRD BANDER

FROM THE PRESIDENT ...... 47 ANALYSIS OF BODY WEIGHTS OF SPRING MIGRANTS IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA: PART II by Charles T. Collins and Richard A. Bradley ...... 48 APPLICATION OF AN ANALYSIS OF WING LENGTH IN SWAINSON'S THRUSH by Robert M. Stewart...... 52 THE FIRST RETURN AND RECOVERY OF WHITE-THROATED SWIFTS by Charles T. Collins . . 54 RETURNS AND RECOVERIES ...... 55

The officers of the Western Bird Banding Association have voted to accept the offer of Jim Anderson to host the 1972 annual meeting at Sun River, near Bend, Oregon, on 10-11 June. The setting, season, and program possibilities look both pleasurable and exciting. Put the date on your calendar - - we'll have advance details in the next issue of Western Bird Bander. It's only October now, but that Eastern Oregon sunshine feels good already. (Well, at least the weather should be better than during our '71 meeting!)

Another item of business is the enclosure with this issue of 1972 membership renewal notices. Your response early this year with renewals and further financial assistance was very gratifying and kept Western Bird Bander going out in quality fashion. We are solvent and figure to remain so with prompt membership renewals. Please attend to this as soon as possible - - WBBA saves further expense if we don't have to write follow-up requests. You can assist your association, too, by promoting memberships for all banders, sub-permittees, and libraries. Thanks for your help.

Fifteen Ospreys and five Great Blue Herons, fledged in the Coeur d'Alene and Pend Oreille watersheds of Idaho during 1971, were banded and color-marked with yellow plastic jesses attached to the left leg. Persons sighting birds so marked are requested to notify Donald R. Johnson, Department of Biology, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83843. ANALYSIS OF BODY WEIGHTS OF SPRING MIGRANTS IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA: PART II Charles T. Collins and Richard A. Bradley

From 2 May to 10 May 1970 a program of intensive banding of spring migrants was conducted in Morongo Valley, San Bernardino County, California. During this period a total of 1,184 birds was banded, weighed, and measured. A description of the site and methods as well as a summary of the body weight data collected during this period were presented in part one of this paper (Collins and Bradley, 1971). This portion of the paper pre- sents a more detailed statistical treatment of the weight data for the several species for which there were large enough sample sizes. Particular attention is given to daily weight fluctuations as well as day to day differences.

Wilson's Warbler (Wilsonia pusilla). This warbler was the most abundant migrant trapped, making up 525 (44%) of the 1,184 total individuals banded. It was shown earlier (Collins and Bradley, 1971: Table 1) that, although the total range of body weights of the two sexes overlap, the mean weight of the males is significantly larger than that of the females, as indicated by Student's t-test (see part one for explanation of statistical tests used).

These same data were then separated according to time of capture into four daily time periods for each sex. These were: period 1,06:00 to 09:00 (Pacific Daylight time); period 2, 09:00 to 12:00; period 3, 12:00 to 15:00; and period 4, 15:00 to 18:00. As sunrise and sunset were approximately 05:52 and 19:33 respectively, few if any birds were caught prior to 06 :00 or after 18:00. As shown in Figure 1, both male and female Wilson's Warblers tended to be heavier in the late afternoon (period 4) than in the morning. The males especially showed a significant increase in body weight from periods 1 and 2 to periods 3 and 4. In the females, where the increase during this time was not as striking, the difference between period 1 and period 4 is also significant. There are two possible explanations. First of all, it could represent a difference between the weight of nocturnal migrants arriving at the study site early each day and other individuals, temporarily resident in the study area, largely captured later in the day. This hypothesis seems rather artificial, particularly since the small sample of Wilson's Warblers recaptured on subsequent days shows a similar increase in weight during the day. A much more reasonable explanation is that the population of Wilson's Warblers as a whole does fluctuate in mean body weight, losing weight during the night and gradually gaining it back during the day. It is important to remember that the actual change in weight is only a matter of a few tenths of a gram. When metabolic data become available, it would be interesting to compare the calculated nightly weight loss with the expected rate of fat utilization during these hours. It should be noted, how- ever, that in a resident species, the Lesser Goldfinch (Spinus psaltria), no such daily increase in body weight was found.

The body weight data for both sexes of Wilson's Warbler were divided into daily samples to show the extent of day to day variation. The results of this analysis are shown in Table 2. The daily variations appear to be great until one considers- the small sample sizes involved. It is possible that these daily variations could represent a sampling error or a nonrandom distribution of birds with respect to the time of capture during the day. However, a comparison of the magnitude and direction of daily changes of the males with that for the females shows a strong similarity. Thus, it is more likely that the daily fluctuations are real and represent differences in food supply, weather conditions, or other related factors. More study is necessary before the relative importance of these individual fac- tors can be determined.

Yellow Warbler (Dendroica petechia). A total of 91 Yellow Warblers was banded for which there is weight data for only 88. The data for this species also show a significant difference between the sexes, with males being heavier than the females (Collins and Bradley 1971: Table 1). When the data are separated by time periods as for Wilson's Warblers (Figure 1), there seems to be a slight increase from periods 1 and 2 to periods 3 and 4, but it is not statistically significant. The data were also very unevenly distributed with 58% of the birds being captured on only two of the nine days and only a few, or none, on the remaining days. The available data on day to day variations in body weight in this species are present- ed in Table 2.

Warbling Vireo (Vireo gilvus). Of the 66 Warbling Vireos banded, 44 (67%) were captured on 4 May. This uneven distribution of the data made analysis of daily fluctuations unrealistic. However, when the data are separated into the four daily time peri- A 9 B 9

8 8

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48 34 86 34 6 6 67 106 101 39

5 5

2 3 4 2 3 4 time time

0 c 11 11

10 10

wi wi E 9 E Gl Gl 9

13 8 8 21 15 14

7 7 2 3 4 2 3 4 lime time

E F 15 40

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Figure 1. Daily variations in body weight: A. Wilson's Warbler, males; B. Wilson's Warbler, females; C. Yellow Warbler, males; D. Yellow Warbler, females; E. Warbling Vireo; F. Swain- son's Thrush. The vertical line represents the sample range and the horizontal line the sample mean. The open square indicates two standard errors on either side of the mean. The sub- script indicates the number of individuals in each sample. For an explanation of the time periods, see the text. 2 May 3 May 4 May 5 May 6 May 7 May 8 May 9 May 10 May

Wilson's 7.16 ± 0.38a 7.25 ± 0.20 7.00 ± 0.12 6.99 ± 0.15 7.01 ± 0.14 6.83 ± 0.18 6.82 ± 0.19 7.37 ± 0.26 7.27 ± 0.32 Warbler 6.3 - 7.9b 6.5 - 8.0 6.0 - 8.7 5.8 - 8.9 6.0 - 7.9 6.4 - 7.5 6.0 - 7.4 5.7 - 8.3 6.6 - 7.8 (Males) 9c 18 82 63 36 19 18 21 9

Wilson's - 7.00 ± 0.18 6.71 ± 0.08 6.67 ± 0.12 6.83 ± 0.10 6.63 ± 0.23 6.69 ± 0.19 7.10 ± 0.28 6.93 ± 0.23 Warbler - 6.8 - 7.6 6.1 - 7.1 5.4 - 7.7 6.2 - 7.7 5.5 - 7.1 5.8 - 7.8 6.2 - 8.6 6.0 - 7.9 (Females) - 9 40 59 54 15 25 22 15

Yellow - - 9.25 ± 0.44 8.65 ± 0.31 8.76 ± 0.77 8.83 ± 0.33 8.87 ± 0.82 9.3 - Warbler - - 8.1 - 10.5 7.5 - 10.6 7.7 - 9.7 8.5 - 9.0 8.1 - 9.5 8.9 - 9.7 - (Males) - - 10 22 5 3 3 2 -

Yellow - - 8.60 ± 0.35 8.41 ± 0.30 8.50 ± 0.64 8.10 ± 0.58 8.4 - 8.65 ± 0.45 Warbler - - 8.0 - 9.2 7.7 - 9.8 7.9 - 9.4 8.0 - 9.0 - - 8.0 - 9.0 (Females) - - 6 14 4 5 1 - 4

Swainson's 25.57 ± 1.96 - 29.64 ± 1.11 30.95 ± 0.83 28.49 ± 1.31 27.29 ± 1.52 28.55 ± 1.18 27.93 ± 1.23 27.88 ± 1.17 Thrush 23.6 - 29.9 - 26.8 - 33.0 24.5 - 39.2 24.1 - 32.0 24.5 - 30.0 23.1 - 34.2 24.3 - 32.5 24.0 - 33.0 6 - 12 44 15 8 24 18 16

a. Mean weight in grams ± twice standard error of mean. b. Range of values in sample. c. Number of individuals in sample. ods (Figure 1), the birds weighed during periods 3 and 4 were significantly heavier than those captured during peri- od 1. Again, as for the Wilson's Warblers, the data suggest that the birds gradually gain weight during the day.

Swainson's Thrush (Hylocichla ustulata). This species is the second most commonly caught migrant at the Morongo Valley station. A total of 143 in- dividuals was weighed, but their daily numbers were much less consistant than those for Wilson's Warblers. In fact no individuals were banded on 3 May; while 44, or nearly one third of the Swainson's Thrushes in the total sample, were netted on 5 May. Since we were unable to determine the sex externally, no comparison between males and females could be made. Following the pattern of analysis of the Wilson's Warblers, the data were sepa- rated into four daily time catagories. As was also true of the migrant Yellow Warblers and resident Lesser Gold- finches, there was no significant change in body weight between thrushes captured in the morning and those cap- tured during the other parts of the day (Figure 1). The weight data was then grouped according to the day of cap- ture, but the sample sizes were so small on some days that no definite conclusions can be drawn (Table 2). A large number of Swainson's Thrushes were recaptured from one to several times durmg the banding opera- tions. This made it possible for us to compare our results with those of Mueller and Berger (1966) based on fall migrants in Wisconsin. These workers found that, "recaptured Swainson's Thrushes ... showed little change in weight on the day of banding, a decrease on the day after banding, and an increase on the second day after banding which brought the birds back to approximately their weight at the time of banding." The results of the current study are shown in Table 3. Although the sample sizes are too small for any statistical analysis, they do seem

TABLE 3. CHANGE IN BODY WEIGHT OF RECAPTURED SWAINSON'S THRUSHES

Original Same Day 1 Day 2 Days 3 Days 4 Days 5 Days Capture Recapture Later Later Later Later Later

Mean 26.93 27.50 26.30 28.37 29.75 28.83 30.15 Weight (gm.)

Sample 22 8 14 8 4 4 2 Size

consistant with Mueller and Berger's findings. The difference between the weight at the time of the original capture and one day later is -0.63 grams; Mueller and Berger found a similar difference of -0.67 grams. This situation will be considered in more detail in future studies when additional data are available.

SUMMARY In this study, weight data are analyzed for four common spring migrants. The data for two of the species showed a statistically significant increase in weight of birds capt.ured in the late afternoon as compared with those captured in the early morning. In Wilson's Warblers this trend was shown to be greater in males than in females. Day to day differences were also noted and believed to be related to unidentified minor changes in environmental conditions during the study period. Migrant Yellow Warblers and Swainson's Thrushes and resident Lesser Gold- finches did not show a significant change in weight during the day. Recapture data for Swainson's Thrushes in- dicated a temporary weight loss immediately after capture, followed by a recovery and subsequent weight gain similar to that noticed in a previous study of this species during fall migration.

Collins, C.T. and R.A. Bradley 1971. Analysis of body weights of spring migrants in Southern Californlb. Western Bird Bander, 46: 38-40. Mueller, H.C. and D.O. Berger 1966. Analyses of weight and fat variations in transient Swainson's Thrushes. Bird Banding 37: 83-112. INTRODUCTION The Swainson's Thrush (Hylocichla ustalata ustalata) breeds from southeastern Alaska through coastal British Columbia, western Washington, and western Oregon to southern and western California west of the Cascades and Sierra Nevada (American Ornithologists' Union. 1957. Check-list of North American Birds.). During migration the sexes of H.u. ustalata cannot be readily distinguished. However, by comparing the mean wing lengths of Swainson's Thrushes taken from museum skins and those taken in the field, I suggest that individuals caught in mist nets in California during the period 1-13 May 1970 were predominantly males.

METHODS The wing chord (unflattened) of 100 male and 51 female Swainson's Thrushes, from the collection at the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology of the University of California at Berkeley, was measured with dial calipers to the nearest one-tenth of a millimeter. The results were then rounded to the nearest whole millimeter. Mean wing lengths were calculated for Swainson's Thrushes captured in northern and southern California during the spring 1970 Operation Transect.

RESULTS

As expected, there is a significant difference between the mean wing lengths of male and female Swainson's Thrushes (Fig. 1). In order to find out if there was any difference in mean wing length of males in various parts of the breeding range, I calculated separately the mean for birds taken in June or July in Alaska, British Columbia, Oregon, and California. There was virtually no difference in mean wing lengths of males in these breeding areas (Table 1).

The mean wing lengths of all Swainson's Thrushes captured in mist nets at selected stations during the 1970 spring transect are shown in Table 2. The mean wing length calculated from this field data was 95.9 mm, which is virtually the same as that calculated from museum skins (96.0 mm). This strongly suggests that the individual Swainson's Thrushes captured in early May 1970 from the Mexican Border to Sacramento were pre- dominantly males.

In May of 1971, nets were run daily at the Wool Ranch in Milpitas. The mean wing length of Swainson's Thrushes from 1-11 May was 94.8 mm suggesting that, as in 1970, individuals caught during that time were pre- dominantly males (Table 3). From 22-31 May, the mean wing length was 92.4 mm, suggesting that most of these individuals were females.

Until a better method is found to distinguish the sexes of Swainson's Thrushes, the use of mean wing length suggests that males migrate before females in California during the spring.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Thanks to the following persons for data taken in the field: Jon Atwood, Leo Best, Gerry and David Blume, William Clow, Virginia Coughran, L10yda Cowley, David DeSante, David O'Keefe, Richard Scheible, Tom Taylor, and Peter Ward. Special thanks to L. Richard Mewaldt and his students at the Wool Ranch who allowed me to use their wing length data taken in 1970 and 1971. 101 Table 1. Mean Wing Length (mm) Male Swainson's Thrushes

100 Area Number Mean

Alaska 12 96.7 British Columbia 21 95.8 99 Oregon 20 96.1 California 17 96.4

98

Table 2. Mean Wing Length (mm) 97 of Swainson's Thrushes (J) a: Captu red 4-13 May 1970. w I- w 96 Southern California Number Mean :E ...J ...J San Diego 35 95.6 :E 95 Duarte 24 97.2 z Brock Ranch 49 94.6 - -- :J: I- Total 108 95.5 C) 94 z W Northern California ...J C) Wool Ranch (Milpitas) 92 95.9 93 z Sacramento 12 98.0 3: Knight's Ferry 28 97.2 S.F. Watershed 22 95.8 92 - -- Total 154 96.3 - -- Grand Total 262 95.9 91

90 Table 3. Mean Wing Length (mm) of Swainson's Thrushes at Wool Ranch in 1971. 89 Date Number Mean Figure 1. Wing Length of Swainson's Thrush. May 1-11 49 94.8 Horizontal line represents the mean; wide May 12-21 57 93.3 verticle bar represents the 95% confidence May 22-31 91 92.4 limits of the sample. THE FIRST RETURN AND RECOVERY OF WHITE-THROATED SWIFTS

Charles T. Collins

Even with the development of a new technique for capturing them (Collins, Western Bird Bander, 46 (1971): 6-7), less than 100 individuals of the White-throated Swift (Aeronautes saxatalis) have been banded to date. In con- sidering this, it is perhaps not unexpected that the Bird Banding laboratory has listed no returns or recoveries for this species. It was therefore with some surprise that I received a recovery notification from the Bird Banding labor- atory and a bit later was able to retrap a previously banded individual. The details are given below.

The swift that was recovered was one of four banded on 2 July 1969 at my main study area on the southwest side of the Palos Verdes Peninsula, los Angeles County, California. At that time it was undergoing molt of the primaries and was classified as AHY-U. According to the recovery form this bird (#612-85938) was recovered in San Pedro, los Angeles County, California (about 5 miles northeast of the site of banding) on 16 June 1970. The encoded information on the form also indicated that the bird had been "caught by hand" and that the band had been removed and the bird was presumably alive. It had been reported by a state or federal employee, and a San Pedro local address was given. Some careful sleuthing by Shirley Wells who lives in San Pedro clarified this a bit. The bird had been "found" in the backyard of a private residence in San Pedro and turned in to the local animal shelter (the address given on the recovery form) where the band was removed and the bird apparently released. The band was sent to the Pasadenaoffice of the U.S.F. & W. Service, which forwarded it to the Bird Banding laboratory. We could obtain no further details as to how the bird was first obtained, whether it was sick or injured, and if so how it was able to be released. Although the round-about circumstances of its recovery are impressive, the distance traveled is not, being well within the presumed daily feeding range of birds from the study colony.

During the banding operations in the summer of 1969, several swifts were handled more than once, but in each case the time interval involved was only a few days to a few weeks. However, on 28 February 1971 in Painted Can- yon, a desert canyon a few miles northeast of the Salton Sea,1 trapped a single swift emerging from a roosting cleft in the rocky canyon wall. This bird (#612-85986), in worn plumage but showing no signs of molt, was one of three that had been banded at the same locality on 8 March 1970. This bird weighed 30.5 grams when initially captured in 1970 and 31.5 grams when recaptured in 1971. On both occasions it was captured in the morning when emerging from a nocturnal roosting site. On both occasions it was recorded as having two abnormal white feathers in the anterior part of the crown on the left side. Such albinistic feathers have been noticed in many other species of swifts. The band, a specially trimmed down size 2, showed substantial signs of abrasion due to contact with the rock surface of the roosting and nesting sites. The bands from swifts captured after periods of several years may prove to be all but illegible due to such wear.

Further banding of these swifts will presumably result in additional return and recovery information and hope- fully they will contribute more significant information to the study of these fascinating birds.

An adult White-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis) was trapped and banded at the feeding station of Inez Baker in longmont, Colorado, on 28 January 1962. More than nine years later, on 31 March 1971, this bird (#63-68470) was found dead in longmont following a severe storm, approximately one mile from the place of banding.

It appears that the bird was at least ten years old, quite possibly a record for this species, and certainly an unusual age for a small wild bird.

The White-breasted Nuthatch is resident in Colorado, nesting commonly in the mountains to 10,000' eleva- tion and less commonly on the plains (Bailey and Niedrach, Birds of Colorado, 1965). This may have been a wintering individual that had made the short altitudinal migration from the mountains, or it may have nested each year in the longmont area. Violet-green Swallow. No. 74-23793. Banded at Point Reyes Bird Observatory, California, on 24 June 1967. Returned on 15 July 1970. (No previous returns.) Gray Jay. No. 813-42696. Banded by Richard McP. Brown at Crater Lake National Park, Oregon, on 22 Jan- uary 1968. Returned on 27 May 1970. White-breasted Nuthatch. No. 105-175801. Banded by Sid Martin at Helena, Montana, on 13 June 1967. Found in bluebird box 14 June 1968, 7 eggs; 13 June 1969, 7 eggs; 12 June 1970, 6 eggs. Mountain Bluebird. No. 31-134298. Banded by Jay M. Sheppard as AHY-F in Maricopa, California, on 8 Feb- ruary 1969. Returned 6 February 1970 and 6 February 1971. Black-headed Grosbeak. No. 61-181078. Banded by Merlin L. Killpack at Ogden, Utah, on 11 March 1966. Re- turned on 12 JuIy 1970 (3). Song Sparrow. No. 31-110148. Banded by George E. Hudson, 8 miles northwest of Pullman, Washington, on 17 August 1962. Recaptured on 4 March 1970 (0).

White Pelican. No. 519-48786. Banded by George G. Merrick at Crump Lake, Oregon, on 21 June 1969. Re- covered at Tlapa, Guerrero, Mexico, on 16 October 1969. Canada Goose. No. 528-79381. Banded 5 miles east of Alaganik, Alaska, on 24 July 1960. Recovered at Baskett Slough N.W.R., Dallas, Oregon, on 19 February 1970. Canada Goose. No. 528-79594. Banded 5 miles east of Alaganik, Alaska, on 22 July 1960. Recovered at Baskett Slough N.W.R., Dallas, Oregon, on 17 January 1970. Red-tailed Hawk. No. 667-95016. Banded by George G. Merrick at Bend, Oregon, on 11 May 1968. Recovered 6 miles east of Bend on 30 April 1970. Yellow-bellied Sapsucker. No. 107-105664. Banded at Point Reyes Bird Observatory, California, on 2 October 1968. Recovered at Springfield, Oregon, on 3 June 1970.

Robin. No. 722-97374. Banded by Emerson Stoner at Beneda, California, on 18 January 1969. Recovered at Mayne Island, B.C., on 29 July 1970.

Warbling Vireo. No. 117-18775. Banded at Point Reyes Bird Observatory, California, on 5 May 1969. Shot at Mocorito, Sinaloa, Mexico, on 17 January 1970.

Yellow-headed Blackbird. No. 712-95523. Banded at Ruby Lake N.W.R., Nevada, on 27 April 1968. Recovered at Picacho, Arizona, on 26 February 1970.

Common Grackle. No. 663-67868. Banded by Allegra Collister at Longmont, Colorado on 22 June 1963. Re- covered by Phil Branch at Longmont on 3 December 1970.

Brown-headed Cowbird. No. 662-58288. Banded by W.C. Royall, Jr., at Phoenix, Arizona, on 8 February 1966. Recovered at La Verkin, Utah, on 1 June 1970.

VERBAIL POLE TRAPS. For the harmless capture of hawks and owls. $7.00 each, postpaid. Extra bow with each order of 3. Only 12 available; no longer manufactured.

FIBERGLAS PARABOLAS. 18" diameter. For use with tape recorders to record bird songs. Instructions in- cluded upon request. $25.00 each, postpaid. Colors include clear, green, gold, and gray; pleasegive two choices. radio transmitter Louis M. Moos, paint and/or dye on red, yellow, green, 712 South 13th Avenue, lower wing plumage black Bozeman, Montana 59715 leg band green, white, black Dr. Stephen M. Russell, Dept. Bioi. Sc., Univ. of Ariz., Tucson, Az. 85721 Sooty Tern & red, yellow, orange, Dr. Andrew J. Berger, Dept. Zool., Univ. of Brown Noddy green Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 Long-eared & green, white, black Dr. Stephen M. Russell Short-eared Owls (address above) Band-tailed Pigeon red, orange, green, Ariz. Coop. W.R.U., Univ. of Ariz., white Tucson, Arizona 85721 Chestnut-backed red, yellow, green, Dr. Howard L. Cogswell, Chickadee & blue, pink 1548 East Avenue, Plain Titmouse Hayward, California 94541

Otis D. Swisher of Medford, Oregon, included with his Annual Report questionnaire the reports of the first bandings of Black Phoebes (Sayornis nigricans), the first Blue-gray Gnatcatchers (Polisptila caerulea), the first Black-chinned Sparrow (Spizella atrogularis), and the first Harris' Sparrow (Zonotrichia querula) for Oregon.

Mr. Swisher commented: The Black Phoebes were one pair of two known pairs which nested on bridges over the Applegate River, 15 miles west of Medford. These were the only known Oregon nesting sites in 1970.

The two Blue-gray Gnatcatchers, a male and a female, were banded on Roxy Ann Butte, three miles east of Medford. They later paired with other birds to make a part of four known pairs which nested on, or at the base of, this butte.

The female Black-chinned Sparrow, in breeding condition, was also banded at Roxy Ann Butte. She was one of a pair that eventually fledged at least one young, - - 200 miles, or more, north of the usual breeding range.

Although several Harris' Sparrows have been collected in the past, this bird (an immature) was the only known Oregon banding. This species is seen at feeders in various parts of the state on rare occasions.

John W. Anderson, 2716 Northglen St., Sacramento, California 95833 Howard Bailey, 2125 Eaton Ave., San Carlos, California 94070 Richard Bradley, 2209 Via Pacheco, Palos Verdes Estates, California 90274 Dr. Michael J. Erpino, Department of Biology, Chico State College, Chico, California 95926 Donald R. Johnson, 1132 East "E" St., Moscow, Idaho 83843 Robert M. McKenzie, Jr., Department of Biology, California State College, Long Beach, California 90801 Brian J. Walton, 381Y2 Piney Way, Morro Bay, California 93442 Arthur Wiseman, 2073 Harrison Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio 45214 Jerry Wooding, Colorado Rocky Mountain School, Carbondale, Colorado 81623 PHOTODUPLICATE FILE

After we had published a note telling about the Rare Bird Photographic Files at Point Reyes Bird Observa- tory and at the University of Arizona, R. Wayne Campbell wrote to us pointing out that the Vertebrate Museum of the University of British Columbia a.lso maintains such a file. Mr. Campbell, who is Curator of the museum, wrote that their Photoduplicate File will handle 35 mm slides and prints not exceeding 4 x 6 inches. Photos of rare British Columbia birds or other vertebrates should be sent to Mr. Campbell at the Vertebrate Museum, Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver 8, B.C. They should be accompanied by the following information: species (English and Latin names), date, exact locality, photographer, address, re- marks. Each contributor will receive an annual report of photographic records obtained. The file records will be available to anyone wishing to use them.

Donald Payne of Eugene, Oregon, sent us data on a band found (along with the foot, tarsus, and some ten- dons) at a lake near timberline on Middle Sister Mountain, Oregon. The Bird Banding Laboratory reported that band no. 496-55888 was placed on a fledgling American Widgeon approximately seven miles west of Courval, Sasketchewan, on 6 August 1951. The band was recovered eighteen years later on 3 August 1969.

Two more dates remain on the 1971 schedule of banding trips to the Red Rock Banding Area near Tucson. Volunteers are welcome. On 20 November, the group will depart from the old Biological Sciences Building on the University of Arizona campus at 5:00 A.M. Departure time on 11 December will be 5:30 A.M. Banding usually continues into early or mid-afternoon. For further information and to confirm trips, call E. Linwood Smith in Tucson on 884-1026.

ARTHUR C. FELT

We have recently learned of the death of Arthur C. Felt of Whittier, California. Mr. Felt had been an active member of W.B.B.A. since the mid-1950's, contributing notes to Western Bird Bander and presenting papers at annual meetings. He will be especially remembered for his enthusiasm and for his encouragement and help to those learning about banding.

A recent issue of California Birds (Vol. 2, No.2, 1971) contains an article by F. Gary Stiles, "On the Field Identification of California Hummingbirds." The article includes a table of bill, wing, tail, and weight measurements of adult California hummingbirds in fresh plumage. California Birds is published by the California Field Ornithologists, P.O. Box 369, Del Mar, California 92014. L££9S euozp'v' '>\aaJJ al\eJ 9t't' xOS '0 'd U3UNVO UUIO NU3~S3~

The Western Bird Bander is published four times a year by the Western Bird-Banding Association. Applications for membership should be sent to the Business Manager. Membership classifications are: Active Member, $4.50 per year; Associate Member, $4.50 per year; Student and/or Sub-permittee, $3.50 per year; Sustaining Member, $9.00 per year; Life Member, $100.00.

President Terence R. Wahl, 3041 Eldridge, Bellingham, Washington 98225 First Vice President Mrs. Allegra Collister, 706 Hover Road, Longmont, Colorado 80501 Second Vice President Dr. Charles T. Collins, Department of Biology, California State College, Long Beach, California 90801 Secretary...... Mrs. Shirley Wells, 30443 La Vista Verde Drive, San Pedro, California 90732 Business Manager Ellis R. Jones, P.O. Box 217, Cave Creek, Arizona 85331 Editor Mrs. Eleanor L. Radke, P.O. Box 446, Cave Creek, Arizona 85331