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Classification & Variation Student Pack
Classification & Variation Student Pack This pack is aimed for students who require in depth information for course work and also for teachers to aid in their visit to Colchester Zoo. Contents Contents Page Classification 1 Classification Hierarchy 3 Classification Hierarchy Example 4 The Domains 5 The Kingdoms 6 Phylum 7 Invertebrate Phyla 8 Chordata 10 Chordata Sub-phyla 11 Classes 12 Mammals 14 Mammalian Orders 15 Species 16 Naming Species 17 Hybrids 18 Primate Classification Example 19 Variation 22 Classification There are around 8.7 million known organisms on earth; 7.7 million are animals, 611,000 are fungi, 63,000 are protoctists, 300,000 are plants and the number of bacteria is unknown. With all of these forms of life, a way to deal with this vast array of life in a logical and useful manner is important. By having a way to group and categorise life, it allows scientists to discover where life has come from and how one species fits in with another in an attempt to encode the evolutionary history of life. This is what is called binomial classification. There are a number of ways life can be classified and a variety of methods to classify it. Biological classification is used to group living organisms, but even with this system only 1 million of the 7.7 million animals and only 43,000 of the 611,000 fungi have been classified. Methods of Classification Classical taxonomy: Looks at descent from a common ancestor, i.e. fossil evidence. It also looks at embryonic development, as well as physical characteristics. -
Magazine Fall 2018
Fall 2018 IN THIS ISSUE: Our Mission: Double Cross Foster To preserve and protect Mexican wolves, Pages 6, 7, 8 red wolves and other wild canid species, Red Wolf Update Page 9 with purpose and passion, through Citizen Conservation in Action carefully managed breeding, reintroduction Page 10 and inspiring education programs. The Week of the Wolf Presented by Emerson Page 11 EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR’S MESSAGE 2018 Events Nov. 17 Dear Friends of the Endangered Wolf Center, Members’ Day I’ve spent the summer enjoying what the Nov. 24 Endangered Wolf Center has to offer to our guests Holiday Boutique and community. Hearing the laughter of our camp kids while walking the grounds, seeing the tour guests “oh and ah” over our resident animals and, more personally, hearing the wonder and 2019 Events excitement in my daughter’s voice during the car Feb. 15 ride home from her first wolf camp experience. Trivia Night Through our Center and thanks to your support, March 31 so many lives are being touched – and endangered Volunteer Appreciation Dinner wildlife is being saved. TBD Imagine if you could help save an entire species. Polo Classic I’d like to invite you to be a Wildlife Hero. Through your support, you can Oct. 12 help us save not one, but two endangered species as we increase our focus on Wolf Fest our history-making rewilding efforts. Nov. 16 • Rewilding Efforts: As you can imagine, rewilding is not without great Members’ Day challenges. Successful reintroductions are accomplished through a combination of ongoing breeding of genetically valuable wolves; the Nov. -
Camelids: New Players in the International Animal Production Context
Tropical Animal Health and Production (2020) 52:903–913 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-019-02197-2 REVIEWS Camelids: new players in the international animal production context Mousa Zarrin1 & José L. Riveros2 & Amir Ahmadpour1,3 & André M. de Almeida4 & Gaukhar Konuspayeva5 & Einar Vargas- Bello-Pérez6 & Bernard Faye7 & Lorenzo E. Hernández-Castellano8 Received: 30 October 2019 /Accepted: 22 December 2019 /Published online: 2 January 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020 Abstract The Camelidae family comprises the Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus), the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius), and four species of South American camelids: llama (Lama glama),alpaca(Lama pacos)guanaco(Lama guanicoe), and vicuña (Vicugna vicugna). The main characteristic of these species is their ability to cope with either hard climatic conditions like those found in arid regions (Bactrian and dromedary camels) or high-altitude landscapes like those found in South America (South American camelids). Because of such interesting physiological and adaptive traits, the interest for these animals as livestock species has increased considerably over the last years. In general, the main animal products obtained from these animals are meat, milk, and hair fiber, although they are also used for races and work among other activities. In the near future, climate change will likely decrease agricultural areas for animal production worldwide, particularly in the tropics and subtropics where competition with crops for human consumption is a major problem already. In such conditions, extensive animal production could be limited in some extent to semi-arid rangelands, subjected to periodical draughts and erratic patterns of rainfall, severely affecting conventional livestock production, namely cattle and sheep. -
Boselaphus Tragocamelus</I>
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln USGS Staff -- Published Research US Geological Survey 2008 Boselaphus tragocamelus (Artiodactyla: Bovidae) David M. Leslie Jr. U.S. Geological Survey, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub Leslie, David M. Jr., "Boselaphus tragocamelus (Artiodactyla: Bovidae)" (2008). USGS Staff -- Published Research. 723. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub/723 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the US Geological Survey at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in USGS Staff -- Published Research by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. MAMMALIAN SPECIES 813:1–16 Boselaphus tragocamelus (Artiodactyla: Bovidae) DAVID M. LESLIE,JR. United States Geological Survey, Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit and Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-3051, USA; [email protected] Abstract: Boselaphus tragocamelus (Pallas, 1766) is a bovid commonly called the nilgai or blue bull and is Asia’s largest antelope. A sexually dimorphic ungulate of large stature and unique coloration, it is the only species in the genus Boselaphus. It is endemic to peninsular India and small parts of Pakistan and Nepal, has been extirpated from Bangladesh, and has been introduced in the United States (Texas), Mexico, South Africa, and Italy. It prefers open grassland and savannas and locally is a significant agricultural pest in India. It is not of special conservation concern and is well represented in zoos and private collections throughout the world. DOI: 10.1644/813.1. -
Cuticle and Cortical Cell Morphology of Alpaca and Other Rare Animal Fibres
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Chota The Journal of The Textile Institute ISSN: 0040-5000 (Print) 1754-2340 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tjti20 Cuticle and cortical cell morphology of alpaca and other rare animal fibres B. A. McGregor & E. C. Quispe Peña To cite this article: B. A. McGregor & E. C. Quispe Peña (2017): Cuticle and cortical cell morphology of alpaca and other rare animal fibres, The Journal of The Textile Institute, DOI: 10.1080/00405000.2017.1368112 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2017.1368112 Published online: 18 Sep 2017. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 7 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tjti20 Download by: [181.64.24.124] Date: 25 September 2017, At: 13:39 THE JOURNAL OF THE TEXTILE INSTITUTE, 2017 https://doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2017.1368112 Cuticle and cortical cell morphology of alpaca and other rare animal fibres B. A. McGregora and E. C. Quispe Peñab aInstitute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; bNational University Autonoma de Chota, Chota, Peru ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY The null hypothesis of the experiments reported is that the cuticle and cortical morphology of rare Received 6 March 2017 animal fibres are similar. The investigation also examined if the productivity and age of alpacas were Accepted 11 August 2017 associated with cuticle morphology and if seasonal nutritional conditions were related to cuticle scale KEYWORDS frequency. -
Exotic Big Game: a Controversial Resource Stephen Demarals, David A
RANGELANDS12(2), April 1990 121 operation was substantially higher because of the addi- allocating15% of the fixed vehiclecosts to the enterprise, tional driving associated with guiding hunters and may the break-even charge is $77.90 per hunter day. In com- also involve picking up hunters in town. Providing guid- paring the break-even chargeswith the estimated fee of ing services requiresadditional labor and includesa cost $111.93, it appears this option is also profitable. for the operator to becomelicensed as an outfitter and Discussion and Conclusions This is a in if the guide. requirement Wyoming hunting Additional income was the reason cited enterpriseused landsnot owned by the operator, includ- primary by lands, or if are hired the operators for beginning a recreation enterprise. While ing public guides by operator. ranch recreationhas the to earna realiz- The budget for Example 2 is shown in Table 2. In this potential profit, the breakeven is hunter ing that potential dependson each operator'ssituation. example charge $24.81 per day. evaluate his the break-even with the estimated fee Eachoperator must particularsituation and Comparing charge consider suchas with the of $36.32 that this of any subjectivefactors, dealing per day (Table 1) suggests type when a ranch recreation is also public, assessing the potential of operation profitable. When landowners and are able to Example 3 describes an agricultural operation that pro- enterprise. recognize realize a situation and other vides 14,400 acres for deer and The profitable through hunting antelope hunting. recreation activitieson their land, wildlife habitat will be hunting enterprise operates for 28 days with thirty-five viewed as an asset and not a customershunting an average of four days per hunteror liability. -
Red List of Bangladesh Volume 2: Mammals
Red List of Bangladesh Volume 2: Mammals Lead Assessor Mohammed Mostafa Feeroz Technical Reviewer Md. Kamrul Hasan Chief Technical Reviewer Mohammad Ali Reza Khan Technical Assistants Selina Sultana Md. Ahsanul Islam Farzana Islam Tanvir Ahmed Shovon GIS Analyst Sanjoy Roy Technical Coordinator Mohammad Shahad Mahabub Chowdhury IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature Bangladesh Country Office 2015 i The designation of geographical entitles in this book and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature concerning the legal status of any country, territory, administration, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The biodiversity database and views expressed in this publication are not necessarily reflect those of IUCN, Bangladesh Forest Department and The World Bank. This publication has been made possible because of the funding received from The World Bank through Bangladesh Forest Department to implement the subproject entitled ‘Updating Species Red List of Bangladesh’ under the ‘Strengthening Regional Cooperation for Wildlife Protection (SRCWP)’ Project. Published by: IUCN Bangladesh Country Office Copyright: © 2015 Bangladesh Forest Department and IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holders, provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holders. Citation: Of this volume IUCN Bangladesh. 2015. Red List of Bangladesh Volume 2: Mammals. IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Bangladesh Country Office, Dhaka, Bangladesh, pp. -
Letter Bill 0..2
HB2554 *LRB10110502SLF55608b* 101ST GENERAL ASSEMBLY State of Illinois 2019 and 2020 HB2554 by Rep. Camille Y. Lilly SYNOPSIS AS INTRODUCED: 720 ILCS 5/48-11 Amends the Criminal Code of 2012. Provides that a person commits unlawful use of an exotic animal in a traveling animal act when he or she knowingly allows for the participation of an exotic animal (rather than an elephant) in a traveling animal act. This offense is a Class A misdemeanor. Defines "exotic animal". LRB101 10502 SLF 55608 b CORRECTIONAL BUDGET AND IMPACT NOTE ACT MAY APPLY A BILL FOR HB2554 LRB101 10502 SLF 55608 b 1 AN ACT concerning criminal law. 2 Be it enacted by the People of the State of Illinois, 3 represented in the General Assembly: 4 Section 5. The Criminal Code of 2012 is amended by changing 5 Section 48-11 as follows: 6 (720 ILCS 5/48-11) 7 Sec. 48-11. Unlawful use of an exotic animal elephant in a 8 traveling animal act. 9 (a) Definitions. As used in this Section: 10 "Exotic animal" means any animal that is native to a 11 foreign country or of foreign origin or character, is not 12 native to the United States, or was introduced from abroad 13 including, but not limited to, lions, tigers, leopards, 14 elephants, camels, antelope, anteaters, kangaroos, and water 15 buffalo and species of foreign domestic cattle, such as Ankole, 16 Gayal, and Yak or a wild animal. 17 "Mobile or traveling animal housing facility" means a 18 transporting vehicle such as a truck, trailer, or railway car 19 used to transport or house animals while traveling to an 20 exhibition or other performance. -
Connochaetes Gnou – Black Wildebeest
Connochaetes gnou – Black Wildebeest Blue Wildebeest (C. taurinus) (Grobler et al. 2005 and ongoing work at the University of the Free State and the National Zoological Gardens), which is most likely due to the historic bottlenecks experienced by C. gnou in the late 1800s. The evolution of a distinct southern endemic Black Wildebeest in the Pleistocene was associated with, and possibly driven by, a shift towards a more specialised kind of territorial breeding behaviour, which can only function in open habitat. Thus, the evolution of the Black Wildebeest was directly associated with the emergence of Highveld-type open grasslands in the central interior of South Africa (Ackermann et al. 2010). Andre Botha Assessment Rationale Regional Red List status (2016) Least Concern*† This is an endemic species occurring in open grasslands in the central interior of the assessment region. There are National Red List status (2004) Least Concern at least an estimated 16,260 individuals (counts Reasons for change No change conducted between 2012 and 2015) on protected areas across the Free State, Gauteng, North West, Northern Global Red List status (2008) Least Concern Cape, Eastern Cape, Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal TOPS listing (NEMBA) (2007) Protected (KZN) provinces (mostly within the natural distribution range). This yields a total mature population size of 9,765– CITES listing None 11,382 (using a 60–70% mature population structure). This Endemic Yes is an underestimate as there are many more subpopulations on wildlife ranches for which comprehensive data are *Watch-list Threat †Conservation Dependent unavailable. Most subpopulations in protected areas are stable or increasing. -
Notes on the Distribution, Status, and Research Priorities of Little-Known Small Carnivores in Brazil
Notes on the distribution, status, and research priorities of little-known small carnivores in Brazil Tadeu G. de OLIVEIRA Abstract Ten species of small carnivores occur in Brazil, including four procyonids, four mustelids (excluding otters), and two mephitids. On the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species eight are assessed as Least Concern and two as Data Deficient. The state of knowledge of small carnivores is low compared to other carnivores: they are among the least known of all mammals in Brazil. The current delineation of Bassaricyon and Galictis congeners appears suspect and not based on credible information. Research needs include understanding dis- tributions, ecology and significant evolutionary units, with emphasis on theAmazon Weasel Mustela africana. Keywords: Amazon weasel, Data Deficient, Olingo, Crab-eating Raccoon, Hog-nosed Skunk Notas sobre la distribución, estado y prioridades de investigación de los pequeños carnívoros de Brasil Resumen En Brasil ocurren diez especies de pequeños carnívoros, incluyendo cuatro prociónidos, cuatro mustélidos (excluyendo nutrias) y dos mephitidos. De acuerdo a la Lista Roja de Especies Amenazadas de la UICN, ocho especies son evaluadas como de Baja Preocupación (LC) y dos son consideradas Deficientes de Datos (DD). El estado de conocimiento de los pequeños carnívoros es bajo comparado con otros carnívoros y se encuentran entre los mamíferos menos conocidos de Brasil. La delineación congenérica actual de Bassaricyon y Galictis parece sospechosa y no basada en información confiable. Las necesidades de investigación incluyen el entendimiento de las distribuciones, ecología y unidades evolutivas significativas, con énfasis en la ComadrejaAmazónica Mustela africana. Palabras clave: Comadreja Amazónica, Deficiente de Datos, Mapache Cangrejero, Olingo, Zorrillo Introduction 1999), but recently has been recognised (e.g. -
The 2008 IUCN Red Listings of the World's Small Carnivores
The 2008 IUCN red listings of the world’s small carnivores Jan SCHIPPER¹*, Michael HOFFMANN¹, J. W. DUCKWORTH² and James CONROY³ Abstract The global conservation status of all the world’s mammals was assessed for the 2008 IUCN Red List. Of the 165 species of small carni- vores recognised during the process, two are Extinct (EX), one is Critically Endangered (CR), ten are Endangered (EN), 22 Vulnerable (VU), ten Near Threatened (NT), 15 Data Deficient (DD) and 105 Least Concern. Thus, 22% of the species for which a category was assigned other than DD were assessed as threatened (i.e. CR, EN or VU), as against 25% for mammals as a whole. Among otters, seven (58%) of the 12 species for which a category was assigned were identified as threatened. This reflects their attachment to rivers and other waterbodies, and heavy trade-driven hunting. The IUCN Red List species accounts are living documents to be updated annually, and further information to refine listings is welcome. Keywords: conservation status, Critically Endangered, Data Deficient, Endangered, Extinct, global threat listing, Least Concern, Near Threatened, Vulnerable Introduction dae (skunks and stink-badgers; 12), Mustelidae (weasels, martens, otters, badgers and allies; 59), Nandiniidae (African Palm-civet The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is the most authorita- Nandinia binotata; one), Prionodontidae ([Asian] linsangs; two), tive resource currently available on the conservation status of the Procyonidae (raccoons, coatis and allies; 14), and Viverridae (civ- world’s biodiversity. In recent years, the overall number of spe- ets, including oyans [= ‘African linsangs’]; 33). The data reported cies included on the IUCN Red List has grown rapidly, largely as on herein are freely and publicly available via the 2008 IUCN Red a result of ongoing global assessment initiatives that have helped List website (www.iucnredlist.org/mammals). -
Fire Frequency Drives Habitat Selection by a Diverse Herbivore Guild Impacting Top – Down Control of Plant Communities in an African Savanna
Oikos 000: 001–011, 2016 doi: 10.1111/oik.02987 © 2016 Th e Authors. Oikos © 2016 Nordic Society Oikos Subject Editor: Joseph Bump. Editor-in-Chief: Dries Bonte. Accepted 15 February 2016 Fire frequency drives habitat selection by a diverse herbivore guild impacting top – down control of plant communities in an African savanna Deron E. Burkepile , Dave I. Thompson , Richard W. S. Fynn , Sally E. Koerner , Stephanie Eby , Navashni Govender , Nicole Hagenah , Nathan P. Lemoine , Katherine J. Matchett , Kevin R. Wilcox , Scott L. Collins , Kevin P. Kirkman , Alan K. Knapp and Melinda D. Smith D. E. Burkepile ([email protected]), Dept of Biology, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA, and: Dept of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, Univ. of California - Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA. – D. I. Th ompson, South African Environmental Observation Network, Ndlovu Node, Scientifi c Services, Kruger National Park, Private Bag X1021, Phalaborwa 1389, South Africa, and: School of Geography, Archaeology, and Environmental Studies, Univ. of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3 WITS 2050, South Africa. – R. W. S. Fynn, Okavango Research Institute, Private Bag 285, Maun, Botswana. – S. E. Koerner, S. Eby, K. R. Wilcox, N. P. Lemoine, A. K. Knapp and M. D. Smith, Dept of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA. – N. Govender, Scientifi c Services, Kruger National Park, Private Bag X402, Skukuza 1350, South Africa. – N. Hagenah, K. J. Matchett and K. P. Kirkman, School of Life Sciences, Univ. of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa.