Garcinia Subelliptica Merr.) Trees: an Ethnobotanical Approach
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(Garcinia Subelliptica Merr.) Trees: an Ethnobotanical Approach Bixia Chen1,2 and Hikaru Akamine1*
Chen and Akamine Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine (2021) 17:11 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-021-00434-3 RESEARCH Open Access Distribution and utilization of homestead windbreak Fukugi (Garcinia subelliptica Merr.) trees: an ethnobotanical approach Bixia Chen1,2 and Hikaru Akamine1* Abstract Background: Garcinia subelliptica (Fukugi in Japanese) is an evergreen tropical tree, first identified in Batanes, the Philippines, which has been planted as a homestead windbreak and in coastal forests extensively on the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. This article focuses on the traditional uses and cultural values of Fukugi trees and provides ethnobotanical information for the conservation scheme of this important tree species. Methods: A combination of ecological and ethnobotanical approaches was applied in this study. Extensive field surveys were conducted to collect dimensions of relatively large trees, and in-depth interviews with the village leaders and knowledgeable persons were conducted to collect ethnobotanical data. Results: Fukugi trees have been primarily planted as homestead or farmland windbreaks. Timber was harvested during difficult times, for example, after WWII, and used for recreational purposes for children or farmers. The fruits were also eaten on some remote islands. Old-growth Fukugi trees are widely found in sacred sites, within cities, and as symbolic trees. The older generations respect Fukugi trees; however, the cultural significance valued by older generation seems to be lacking in the younger generation. We argue that Fukugi is a cultural keystone species in Okinawa, which underpins Ryukyu culture and has transformed islands into a pleasant land, a unique place, and shared identity for the community. Conclusions: Fukugi windbreaks provide significant ecosystem services, such as biodiversity in the forest, reducing soil erosion, and spiritual and cultural values. -
Commissioned Research Report on the Senkaku Islands-Related Documents
FY2015 Cabinet Secretariat Commissioned Research Project Commissioned Research Report on the Senkaku Islands-related Documents March 2016 Okinawa Peace Assistance Center Commissioned Research Report on the Senkaku Islands-related Documents Table of Contents Preface ………………………………………… 3 Project Outline ………………………………… 4 1Project Objectives and Summary ………… 4 2 Periodization ……………………………… 4 3 Project Scheme and Processes …………… 5 4 ResearchedResearched InstitutionsInstitutions …………………… 5 5 ResearchResearch ResultsResults …………………………… 6 6 ExemplarExemplar Documents …………………… 7 Closing Remarks ………………………………22………………………………22 2 Preface Project Outline 1.Project Objectives and Summary Outline Project The people of the Ryukyus paved the way for active travel across the great ocean (the East China Sea), the In FY 2015, the Okinawa Peace Assistance Center (OPAC) conducted a research project on the Senkaku Islands-related waters connecting both ends of the Chinese continent and the islands of Ryukyu, for approximately 500 years documents, commissioned by the Cabinet Secretariat Office of Policy Planning and Coordination on Territory and Sover- of the Ryukyu Kingdom. What they called the sea, unfortunately, never appears in the existing records. De- eignty. parting Naha, and going through the seas near the Kerama islands or Kume Island, the long voyage to Fujian With the purpose of contributing to further study and deepen understandings on the subject, this project aims to make a which lies far across the sea was countlessly repeated; the sea familiar to the people may not have needed a reference list and to compile digitized images of the Senkaku Islands-related documents and materials archived in Japan. given name, it just existed right there. The time frame of the research is primarily focused on the times before the territorial incorporation of the Senkaku Islands The most frequent travelers of the sea were definitely, the people of Ryukyu. -
539 Radiocarbon Ages and Isotope Fractionations Of
RADIOCARBON, Vol 46, Nr 2, 2004, p 539–550 © 2004 by the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona RADIOCARBON AGES AND ISOTOPE FRACTIONATIONS OF BEACHROCK SAMPLES COLLECTED FROM THE NANSEI ISLANDS, SOUTHWESTERN JAPAN Kunio Omoto Department of Geography, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, 24-40, 3 Chome, Sakurajosui, Setagaya- ku, Tokyo 156-8550, Japan. Email: [email protected]. ABSTRACT. A total of 294 beachrock samples were collected from 116 sites on 15 islands in the Nansei Islands chain, southwestern Japan, and were radiocarbon dated. The beachrocks began to form at about 6900 BP and some are still under development in the islands. Values of isotope fractionations of different materials making up the beachrocks ranged between +9.4‰ and –5.7‰. Isotope fractionations outside the range of 0 ± 2‰ suggest that these beachrocks were strongly influenced by underground water and running freshwater when they were cemented. The sea level during the late Holocene has remained the same for at least the past 5000 yr, except for several uplifted coasts. INTRODUCTION Beachrocks are observed frequently on the tropical and subtropical sandy beaches where the soft beach sediments, including fossil shells, fragments of corals, and other biocarbonates, are well cemented within the intertidal zone by calcium carbonate (Figure 1). Therefore, they are not only good indicators of the past sea level, but they also provide good sample material for radiocarbon dating. The beachrocks occur in thin beds dipping seaward at less than 15 degrees. Figure 1 Beachrock observed at Tuha, Ohgimi Village, Okinawa Prefecture, central part of the Nansei Islands The Nansei Islands (Ryukyu Retto) are a chain of islands consisting of more than 300 smaller islands between Kyusyu and Taiwan, extending about 1200 km parallel to the eastern edge of the Asian plate. -
NATURE in OKINAWA
沖縄の自然ガイド 森と海の不思議な生き物たち 沖縄の自然ガイド 森と海の不思議な生き物たち NNATURATUR E E in in NATUR E in KINAWA KINAWAKINAWA O OO 沖縄県文化環境部自然保護課 Okinawa Prefectural Government, Department of Culture and Enviromental Affairs, Nature Conservation Division TEL.098-866-2243 FAX.098-866-2240 豊かな自然、貴重な生き物たち色とりどりの魚が群れ泳ぐサンゴ礁の海、マングローブが広がる河口、- - - 数多くの固有種がすむ亜熱帯原生林 日本列島の南端に連なる亜熱帯の島々・沖縄 。 OKINAWA Treasure House of Wildlife ここには、世界的にも貴重な生き物たちがすむ豊かな自然があります。 CC ONTENTS ONTENTS 亜熱帯の島々 2 SubtropicalSubtropical IslandsIslands 亜熱帯コレクション 8 OkinawaOkinawa,s NatureNature Collection 沖縄の動植物 18 The FloraFlora and FaunaFauna of OkinawaOkinawa 亜熱帯照葉樹林の生き物たち 20 Living CreaturesCreatures in the SubtropicalSubtropical Broad-LeavedBroad-Leaved EvergreenEvergreen ForestsForests (1)固有種の宝庫―やんばる (1)A TreasureTreasure HouseHouse of IndigenousIndigenous SpeciesSpecies ― YambaruYambaru (2)ヤマネコの森―西表島 (2)The WildcatWildcat ForestForest ― IriomoteIriomote IslandIsland サンゴ礁の海の生き物たち 26 Living Coral ReefsReefs マングローブは命の揺りかご 30 MangroveMangrove SwampsSwamps as CradlesCradles of Life 黒潮の海の生き物たち 34 The KuroshioKuroshio and MarineMarine Life ℃ mm 30 28.6 28.3 300 那覇の平年降水量 27.3 26.6 27.1 Precipitation of Normal year in Naha 265 25.2 24.7 東京の平年降水量 25 23.8 250 23.2 Precipitation of Normal year in Tokyo 21.2 21.7 21.6 228 20 18.7 18.6 18.4 200 185 187 180 180 174 16.5 16.5 17.6 170 165 14.1 148 15 150 138 141 126 12.6 125 122 112 115 106 100 10 8.5 7.9 100 89 亜熱帯の島々 那覇の平年平均気温 77 5.2 5.6 Average Temperature of Normal year in Naha 60 45 46 5 東京の平年平均気温 50 Average Temperature of Normal year in Tokyo 0 Subtropical Islands 123456789101112月 0 123456789101112月 那覇と東京の平年平均気温 那覇と東京の平年降水量 Average Temperature of Normal year in Naha and Tokyo Precipitation of Normal year in Naha and Tokyo 日本最南端の県 Japan's Southernmost Prefecture ジア大陸の東方、太平洋と東シナ 分が濃いからです。 he Ryukyu Islands are located at the earth generated by various developments.