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Nature, Wealth, and Power 2.0: Leveraging Natural and Social

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Nature, Wealth, and Power 2.0: Leveraging Natural and Social NATURE, WEALTH, AND POWER2.0 LEVERAGING NATURAL AND SOCIAL CAPITAL FOR RESILIENT DEVELOPMENT OCTOBER 2013 Front cover Photo Credits: • Bangladesh – Fishing for Living (Sirajul Hossain): USAID/Bangladesh’s Integrated Protected Area Co- Management project restored opportunities for the sustainable use of wetland resources in Hail Haor, Srimongol. • Brazil – Xingu Dancers (Michael Colby, USAID): Men and women from the indigenous eastern Amazon Xingu peoples celebrate the opening of the Katoomba XIV Meeting on using payments for ecosystem services markets to avoid deforestation in Cuiabá, Brazil. • Sahel – Agroforestry in the Sahel (Jeff Povolny, Engility-IRG): A young agricultural crop coming up under a stand of Faidherbia albida, a nitrogen-fixing tree. • Nepal – Carbon monitoring by Nepal community (Ann Koontz, Relief International): Women and men from a Nepalese Community Forest User Group (CFUG) conduct science-based monitoring to support sustainable management of their forests and forest enterprises. • Namibia – Livestock rearing in Namibia (WWF Namibia): Practicing Community-based Rangeland and Livestock Management (CBRLM). NATURE, WEALTH, AND POWER2.0 Leveraging Natural and Social Capital for Resilient Development OCTOBER 2013 DISCLAIMER The author’s views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS ...................................................................................................................iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .....................................................................................................vi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................vii INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 1 NWP in Action: NEPAL – Country Level Transformation from the Grass Roots .....................................7 NATURE PRINCIPLES AND ACTIONS............................................................................... 9 N1. Safeguard Natural Capital’s Productive Capacities .......................................................................9 N2. Encourage Restoration of Degraded or “Low-Potential” Lands and other Natural Capital ............................................................................................................... 12 N3. Promote Sustainable Practices and Systems that Increase Natural Capital’s Productivity ........................................................................................................ 13 N4. Promote Climate- and Socioeconomically-Resilient Rural Production Systems .......................................................................................................................... 14 N5. Strengthen the Use of Monitoring, Science, and Technology in Agriculture and Resource Management ........................................................................................ 17 NWP in Action: The SAHEL – Landscape Level Improvements ............................................................. 19 WEALTH PRINCIPLES AND ACTIONS ............................................................................ 22 W1. Strengthen Natural Capital Accounting, Valuation, and Analytic Tools to Improve Decisions ............................................................................................. 22 W2. Invest Revenues from Resource Extraction into Creation of New Assets and Incomes ............................................................................................................ 24 W3. Create Frameworks and Incentives to Improve Alignment of Public and Private Interests ......................................................................................................... 25 W4. Strengthen Markets and the Role of Rural Producers in Competitive but Non-Extractive Natural Resource Value Chains .......................................... 27 W5. Plan for the Equitable and Efficient Distribution of Costs and Meaningful Benefits ........................................................................................................................... 30 NWP in Action: BRAZIL – Rights, Conservation, and Development through Carbon Credits .................................................................................................................. 32 ii NATURE, WEALTH, AND POWER 2.0 POWER PRINCIPLES AND ACTIONS .............................................................................. 34 P1. Strengthen Inclusive Rural Land and Natural Resource Tenure Systems, and Procedural Rights ....................................................................................... 34 P2. Decentralize Powers and Responsibilities to Representative and Accountable Authorities ........................................................................................................... 37 P3. Improve Broadly Based Representation and Continuous Rural Input on Resource Decisions ............................................................................................... 38 P4. Promote Simpler Standards ............................................................................................................ 39 P5. Integrate and Empower Women and Marginalized Groups to Participate in Management, Decisions, and Benefits ............................................................ 40 P6. Promote Checks and Balances, as well as Equitable Institutional Relationships ................................................................................................................ 41 P7. Strengthen Public and Private Institutions for Delivery of Technical and Intermediary Services ............................................................................................. 43 NWP in Action: NAMIBIA – Resilient Natural Resource-Based Development ..................................... 45 SYSTEMS PRINCIPLES AND ACTIONS ........................................................................... 47 S1. Promote Systems Approaches ....................................................................................................... 47 S2. Do No Harm ..................................................................................................................................... 49 S3. Enhance Resilience of the Ecological (N), Economic (W), and Sociopolitical (P) Subsystems ................................................................................................. 50 S4. Use Adaptive Management and Experiential Learning ............................................................... 52 S5. Build Capacity and Strengthen Institutions at All Levels ........................................................... 53 NWP in Action: BANGLADESH – Managing Wetlands, Fisheries, and Forests for Inclusive Development ................................................................................................ 54 CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................................... 57 BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................................... 60 ANNEX 1. MASTER LIST OF PRINCIPLES AND ACTIONS .......................................... 77 ANNEX 2. TOWARD AN NWP TOOLBOX....................................................................... 81 ANNEX 3. DETAILED CASE STUDIES ............................................................................. 87 ANNEX 3.1 COUNTRY LEVEL TRANSFORMATION FROM THE GRASS ROOTS IN NEPAL ......................................................................................... 89 ANNEX 3.2 LANDSCAPE LEVEL IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SAHEL ......................................................................................................................... 103 ANNEX 3.3 RESILIENT NATURAL RESOURCE–BASED DEVELOPMENT IN NAMIBIA ........................................................................................ 113 ANNEX 3.4 CO-MANAGEMENT OF FORESTS AND WETLANDS FOR MORE INCLUSIVE DEVELOPMENT IN BANGLADESH ................................... 125 NATURE, WEALTH, AND POWER 2.0 iii ABBREVIATIONS CBFM Community-based Forest Management CBNRM Community-based Natural Resources Management CBRLM Community-based Rangeland and Livestock Management CBO Community-Based Organization CBT Commodity-based Trade CBWaM Community-based Water Management CBWiM Community-based Wildlife Management CFUG Community Forest User Group CMO Co-management Organization COMACO Community Markets for Conservation (Zambia) CSO Civil Society Organization FAO UN Food and Agriculture Organization FDP Fertilizer Deep Placement FECOFUN Federation of Community Forestry Users FMNR Farmer-managed Natural Regeneration (of indigenous trees) GHG Greenhouse Gas GoB Government of Bangladesh ICRAF International Center for Research in Agroforestry, aka World Agroforestry Center IIED International Institute for Environment and Development ISFM Integrated Soil Fertility Management MCA Millennium Challenge Account M&E Monitoring and Evaluation NACSO Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organizations NGO Non-Governmental Organization NRM Natural Resource Management NWP Nature, Wealth, and Power NWP1 2002 NWP Paper NWP2 This Document PES Payment for Ecosystem Services iv NATURE, WEALTH, AND POWER 2.0 REDD Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation SCI System of
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