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Mla 8 Format Your Paper, Cite Your Sources, and List Your References

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Mla 8 Format Your Paper, Cite Your Sources, and List Your References MLA 8 FORMAT YOUR PAPER, CITE YOUR SOURCES, AND LIST YOUR REFERENCES MUCH EASIER, BUT QUITE DIFFERENT FROM MLA 7! The days of figuring out which citation pattern or template fits your source are over (with MLA 8). Now, you just need to identify the basic pieces of a source’s information, realize that there may be more than one way to cite your source, and make your list of sources (Works Cited page) as easy for your reader to use as possible. Major changes from MLA7 to MLA8 include: • the establishment of core elements for simpler citation formatting, including the concept of information containers • the removal of medium type (ex: Print/Web) from citations • the removal of publication location when citing books • changes to the ways that more than two authors/editors are listed In your Works Cited page, your citations for each source should include core elements and any optional elements, as needed. Below are the “CORE ELEMENTS”, and the order in which they should appear in each citation. If you don’t have one of the core elements, skip it and move to the next element. CORE ELEMENTS EXAMPLES: HOW IT CAN VARY OTHER AUTHOR • Heilig, Heidi. 2 authors: Heilig, Heidi, and Sophie Hildegarde. “Author” can mean lots of things: editor, actor, online • creator (username), translator, corporate author, etc. @erinthelibrarian 3+ authors: Heilig, Heidi, et al. • Smith, Derrik, editor. instead of an “author”. Just pop that title after the • United Nations. No author? Skip that element and move to Title. name (ex: Smith, Derrik, editor) or list the username (@erinthelibrarian). TITLE OF SOURCE • Grapes of Wrath. Italicize titles. Use upper and lower case letters (no “all caps”) • “Chapter 7: Social Media.” If your source is part of a larger source (ex: you’re Capitalize major title words (leave lower case: a, an, of, • “Election 2017.” Time Magazine, citing a chapter of a book, an article from a the, or, at, etc.) • “Winter is Coming.” Game of periodical, an episode from a tv show), put the Thrones, smaller part in quotes and italicize the larger part. TITLE OF CONTAINER Similar to the above examples: Time Sometimes your source will be nested in multiple Ex: “Forever Prison” is an episode of Frontline, Magazine, Game of Thrones, YouTube… containers (example: an episode of a published by PBS. So: CORE ELEMENTS EXAMPLES: HOW IT CAN VARY OTHER these are all containers (larger sources) documentary that is on a particular online “Forever Prison” and Frontline are the containers, PBS that contain smaller things (your channel). Cite as many of these containers as you (Public Broadcasting Service) is the Publisher. particular source). can in your citation. OTHER Usually directors, editors, introducers, CONTRIBUTORS translators, etc. • Adapted by Jim Smith, • Directed by George Lucas, • Translated by Ivy Bizwald, VERSION • Expanded ed., • Unabridged version, • Director’s cut, • Version 1.8 NUMBER • Vol. 2 Some journals use a volume/issue numbering If your source uses a different numbering system than • Vol. 2, no. 7 system; some just use numbers. shown here, include the number along with something • No. 78 in front of it that clues the reader in to what it means. • Season 1, episode 1, PUBLISHER • Oxford UP [abbrev. for University Publisher is omitted entirely when appropriate: Press] • If the publisher and author/editor are the • U of California, Berkeley same • The source is a periodical and has that container listed in the citation • A website that provides access, but doesn’t actually create the content (ie: YouTube, which is the Container, not the Publisher) PUBLICATION DATE • 2012 Sometimes you’ll only find a year, sometimes • Use “day mo. Year” for dates that include those • 20 Dec. 2012 you’ll find a month, day and year. Cite what you three elements. • Nov.-Dec. 2012 find, and/or what makes the most sense to help • Look for the most recent publication date. • 2012-2014 your reader track down your exact source. • Copyright and publication date are not always the • Winter 2012 same thing. LOCATION • In a book: page numbers (p. 97 or The “location” depends on whether your source is If you’re including a URL, omit the “http/https://” from pp. 97-100) print, electronic, “live” (in person), etc. your citation. • Online: URL (web address) or DOI • Object: physical location (SF Museum of Modern Art) • Live presentation: venue/city (The Fillmore, San Francisco) CITATION EXAMPLES The following citation patterns and examples are for commonly cited sources. For citation patterns or sources not covered here, ask a librarian for help or consult the MLA Handbook (8th edition). Note: Each citation must be double spaced and include a hanging indent (read more about indents on page 6.) SOURCE TYPE PRINT BOOK TEMPLATE PRINT BOOK EXAMPLE ELECTRONIC SCC LIBRARY BOOK ELECTRONIC SCC LIBRARY BOOK TEMPLATE EXAMPLE Entire Book Author last name, first Mushanga, Tibamanya Mwene. Author last name, first name. Mushanga, Tibamanya Mwene. Crime name. Book Title: Crime and Deviance: An Book Title: With Subtitle if and Deviance: An Introduction to With Subtitle if Introduction to Criminology. Present. Publisher Name, Criminology. Law Africa, 2011. Present. Publisher Law Africa, 2011. Year. Database Name, EBSCOhost ebook collection, Name, Year. WWW.resourceURL.com. www.search.ebscohost.com/ ssid45603%xx56. Book Chapter Last name, first name. Mushanga, Tibamanya Mwene. Last name, First name. “Chapter Mushanga, Tibamanya Mwene. “Political “Chapter Title.” Book “Political Crimes.” Crime and Title.” Book Title: With Crimes.” Crime and Deviance: An Title: With Subtitle if Deviance: An Introduction to Subtitle if Present, Publisher Introduction to Criminology, Law Present, Publisher Criminology, Law Africa, Name, Year, pp.#-# (if Africa, 2011, pp.27-35. EBSCOhost Name, Year, pp.#-#. 2011, pp.27-35. present). Database Name, ebook collection, www.search. WWW.resourceURL.com. ebscohost.com/ssid45603%xx4 Edited Book Editor last name, first Calhoun, Craig, editor. Sociology Editor last name, first name, editor. Calhoun, Craig, editor. Sociology in name, editor. Book in America: A History. U of Book Title: With Subtitle if America: A History. U of Chicago P, Title: With Subtitle if Chicago P, 2008. Present. Publisher Name, Year. 2008. ProQuest eBookCentral, Present. Publisher Database Name, www.ebookcentral.com/doi87w8 Name, Year. WWW.resourceURL.com. w. Anthology Author Last name, first DeVault, Marjorie L. Author Last name, first name. DeVault, Marjorie L. “Knowledge from Section in an name. “Chapter “Knowledge from the “Chapter Title.” Book Title: the Field.” Sociology in America: Edited Book Title.” Book Title: Field.” Sociology in With Subtitle if Present, edited A History, edited by Craig With Subtitle if America: A History, edited by Editor’s Name, Publisher Calhoun. U of Chicago P, 2008, Present, edited by by Craig Calhoun. U of Name, Year, pp.#-#. Database pp.155-82. ProQuest Editor’s Chicago P, 2008, pp.155- Name, eBookCentral, Name, Publisher 82. WWW.resourceURL.com. www.ebookcentral.com/lib/sola Name, Year, pp.#-#. no/detail.action?docID=102659. CITING BOOKS (EBOOKS OR PRINT) What type of book you use and what part of the book you use will determine which template you use to cite it. There are three major types of books: physical books, electronic library books, and books from the internet. How do you tell the difference? o If you physically have a book in your hands, it is considered a PRINT book and you use the Print Book Template. o If you went to the library website and found a book that you read online, it is an electronic library book and you use the Electronic Library Book Template. o If you searched on the open internet (such as Google) and located your book without the use of a library database, then this is a book from the internet and you would use the Electronic Book from the Internet Template {See Citing Internet Resources (not from Library Databases) further down}. CITING ARTICLES (MAGAZINES, NEWSPAPERS, JOURNALS, ETC.) To cite articles taken from physical publications that you’ve found on the library shelves (less common), simply use the library database citation template provided below but omit the database name and URL. For example, if you went to the library and found the magazine Consumer Reports on the shelf and wanted to cite an article, you would cite it: Jensen, Cheryl. "The Three Seconds that Save Lives." Consumer Reports, Aug. 2016, pp.61-66. SOURCE TYPE LIBRARY DATABASE TEMPLATE LIBRARY DATABASE EXAMPLE WEBSITE TEMPLATE WEBSITE EXAMPLE Magazine Last name, First name. “Article Jensen, Cheryl. "The Three Last name, First name. “Article Jensen, Cheryl. "Fastening Seat Belts: Article Title.” Magazine Title, Seconds that Save Title.” Magazine Title, The 3 Seconds that Save Mon. Year, pp.#- #. Database Lives." Consumer Mon. Year, Lives." Consumer Reports, Aug. Name, ww.resourceURL.com. Reports, Aug. 2016, pp.61- www.resourceURL.com. 2016, . Academic Search 66 www.consumerreports.org/car- Complete. www.search. safety/fastening-seat-belts-3- ebsco.com.aspxdirect= seconds-that-save-lives/. true&AuthType=ip,cpid. Newspaper Last name, First name. “Article Powell, Michael. “Billions to Fight Last name, First name. “Article Powell, Michael. “Billions to Fight Article Title.” Newspaper Title, Day Foreclosure, But New Loans Title.” Newspaper Title, Foreclosure, but Few New Loans.” Mon. Year, pp.#-#. Database for Just a Few.” New York Day Mon. Year, New York Times, 29 Dec. 2009, Name, www.resourceURL.com Times, 29 Dec. 2009, A1. www.resourceURL.com. www.nytimes.com/2009/12/30/ny ProQuest , region/foreclose.html. www.search.proquest.com/d ocview/434243221/fulltext. Journal Article Last name, First name. “Article Magalas, Laura, and Thomas G. Last name, First name. “Article Magalas, Laura, and Thomas G. Ryan. “A Title.” Journal Title, vol.#, no.#, Ryan. “A New Rendition of an Title.” Journal Title, vol.#, New Rendition of an Old Classic: Mon Year, pp.#-#.
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