The Valley the Valley

THE VALLEY THE VALLEY

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Research done by: The Unit for Religion and Development Research, University of Stellenbosch in partnership with Transformation Africa TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...... 3 2 MOTIVATION AND PURPOSE...... 4 3 PROCESS AND METHODOLOGY...... 7 3.1 Consultation with fraternal ...... 7 3.2 Day of planning...... 8 3.3 Launch ...... 8 3.4 Research...... 8 3.4.1 GPS phase ...... 8 3.4.2 Needs analysis...... 8 3.5 Processing of the data ...... 9 3.6 Feedback...... 10 3.7 Website ...... 10 4 RESULTS...... 10 4.1 Demographics of the Valley ...... 10 4.1.1 Average age of residents...... 12 Average income per household...... 13 4.1.2 Education: No schooling for adults 20 years and older ...... 14 4.1.3 Housing: Informal dwellings...... 15 4.1.4 Unemployment ...... 16 4.1.5 Christian affiliation...... 17 4.2 GPS phase...... 18 4.2.1 Places of worship...... 18 4.2.2 Liquor outlets ...... 20 4.2.3 Places of sexual misconduct...... 23 4.2.4 Selling of illegal drugs...... 24 4.3 Needs analysis...... 25 4.3.1 Ocean View...... 25 4.4 Secondary data ...... 38 4.4.1 Census data...... 38 4.4.2 Health data...... 38 4.4.2.1 People who died as a result of assault...... 39 4.4.2.2 The number of HIV/Aids-related deaths...... 40 4.4.3 Crime data: SAPS...... 41 4.4.3.1 Violent crimes/assault...... 41

Copyright URDR, Stellenbosch University 1 4.4.3.2 Sexual crimes/rape...... 42 5 DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION...... 42 6 CONCLUSIONS...... 42 7 REFERENCES ...... 46 8 ANNEXURES ...... 47 8.1 Annexure 1: Variants available from research project ...... 47 8.2 Annexure 2: Demographic Profile of The Valley using Census 1996 and 2001...... 49

Copyright URDR, Stellenbosch University 2 1 PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Transformation Africa, coordinator of the annual Day of Prayer throughout the African Continent, formed a partnership with the Unit for Religion and Development Research (Faculty of Theology at the University of Stellenbosch) to facilitate the Transformation Research Project in the greater Cape Town area. The scope of the project is the Cape Peninsula, from Atlantis to Gordon’s Bay to the west. The first phase of the research project was the pilot project and was done in the Helderberg Basin. The second phase encompasses the duplication of the pilot research process in the rest of the Cape Peninsula. The Peninsula was divided into 22 units of approximately 150,000 people each. The Valley is one of these units of 150,000 people. However, the Valley initially formed part of a bigger research area which also included Hout Bay. For practical reasons, The Valley was done alone.

The report consists of three parts. First, the process of research and the different instruments for the data collection are described. This is followed by an overview of the results of both the primary and secondary research. Lastly, the concluding remarks deal especially with the role of churches in The Valley. Firstly, we would like to thank everybody who contributed to the successful completion of this project. Specifically we would like to thank the following people: The steering committee of the fraternal; Everybody in whatever capacity who helped and prayed; The coordinator of the research in The Valley, Lance MacIntosh; The 20+ fieldworkers who diligently mapped their communities; The sponsors: individuals and Transformation Africa, who made this possible financially. Secondly, we would like to acknowledge the databases received from the following institutions: StatsSA for the demographic data; City Health Directorate, City of Cape Town for the database on the causes of death; Strategic Information Department, City of Cape Town for the GIS data; South African Police Service (SAPS) for the data on the occurrence of crime and violence.

Dr Johannes Erasmus Mr Gerbrand Mans

[email protected] (021) 808-3577 (office) (021) 808-3251 (fax)

Copyright URDR, Stellenbosch University 3 2 MOTIVATION AND PURPOSE Established within the Faculty of Theology at the University of Stellenbosch in 2001, the Unit for Religion and Development Research (URDR) has embarked on a major initiative to research the social development needs of local communities and to empower the faith-based organisations (FBOs) in those communities to enable them to play an active and effective role in alleviating poverty and meeting the needs of the people. Hence, at the end of 2003 the Unit was contracted by Transformation Africa to facilitate a research process in the Cape Peninsula. The work of the Unit is based on the following assumptions and facts: Firstly, the Unit proceeds from the understanding that the solution to the majority of problems related to poverty in South Africa lies in carrying out two steps. The first is that one needs to gather data on the problem, and the problem must have a human face. The second step is networking, empowering and motivating all parties concerned in a society to address the problem. This problem can be solved only with strong input from grassroots level, where local communities are part and parcel of a process of participatory action research. In this process the Unit wants to assist and participate by making faith-based organisations (FBOs) aware of events in their constituencies and giving them access to reliable, user-friendly information necessary for the evaluation and/or planning of their ministries in their communities. Secondly, whilst the Unit recognises the need for stronger community networks, it maintains that the potential of the religious sector in South Africa, through its various FBOs, can play a major role in this regard. In South Africa the Christian churches can rightly claim to be the country’s strongest and most widespread non-governmental organisation (NGO), reaching on average 63% of the Christian population weekly (World Values Survey 2000; Hendriks & Erasmus 2003). Neither the government nor any other NGO can reach and influence the public more regularly and consistently than FBOs can. Moreover, over three-quarters of the population have indicated that they are affiliated with the Christian religion (79.8% - Census 2001). There are approximately 43,000 Christian faith communities (Froise 1999:37) in South Africa and the infrastructure of the church reaches every corner of our country. Its leadership and human and organisational resources are far-reaching. Congregations and other faith-based organisations (FBOs) are value-based institutions with an effective infrastructure, in touch with realities on the ground and able to reach out to every household in their community. Thirdly, the Unit is strongly motivated by the government’s increasing acknowledgement that it cannot on its own achieve its goal of creating a self-reliant society, and that it requires partners to serve as “delivery agents”. The government’s interest in the religious sector as a non-governmental development organisation (NGDO) is based on this sector’s organisational infrastructure, its human resources and its credibility amongst people. A number of recent statements and developments support this positive stance: • Preliminary research conducted by the EFSA Institute for Theological and Interdisciplinary Research found that the total financial contribution by the religious sector towards welfare, relief and development programmes is approximately R1 billion per annum. According to the case studies that were selected, the combined budgets for social and welfare-related religious programmes amounted to almost R330 million. More than R170 million came from the sector’s own resources and approximately R160 million was from government subsidies in South Africa. These figures did not include the substantial amount of approximately R30 million of international donor funding channelled through church-based networks, neither did they include the numerous informal and volunteer services that are rendered in local congregations, mosques, synagogues, etc. (Koegelenberg 2001: 103).

Copyright URDR, Stellenbosch University 4 • The EFSA case studies showed that the significance of the religious sector not only lies in the number of its efforts, but also in the quality. In South Africa religious welfare and development networks probably have not only the largest and best developed networks, but they offer more than mere administrative support: “They are essential in the formation of values and value systems in our broader society. In many cases social programmes deal with the victims of family disintegration, family violence, lack of support for the vulnerable in our society, which are symptoms of the moral crisis in our country” (Koegelenberg 2001:97-98). • During a men’s march against violence on women and children on 1 November 2001, Minister Skweyiya (2001:1) reiterated the government’s position. He made special mention of the religious sector’s role when he emphasised the government’s willingness to form partnerships with business, labour, civil society, the FBOs, NGOs and community-based organisations (CBOs). • A strategic role for the religious sector in social development is clearly implied in the government’s new prioritisation of an ethical and relational dimension in development. In its strategic “Ten Point Plan” the Department of Social Development states as the first point: “We will restore the ethics of care and human development in all welfare programmes. This requires an urgent rebuilding of family, community and social relations in order to promote social integration” (Department of Social Development 2002). In rating South African social institutions the HSRC (2000) found that the public’s view of the church received the highest percentage of trust (74% in 2000). Second to the church was the Electoral Commission at 50%! This signifies that churches enjoy significant credibility. The well-being of communities depends largely on the harnessing of their citizens’ contributions. In many of these communities the majority of the residents are people of faith. It is inevitable that most of these contributions, be they physical, emotional or other resources, come from people of faith. Anyone who wants to mobilise these contributions towards the development of society cannot ignore the pervasiveness of these faith communities. Against this background, the following aims were set for the research in The Valley: To establish the major challenges facing society (e.g. the seven SACLA II “giants”: HIV/Aids, Crime, Violence, Poverty & Unemployment, Racism, Sexism and Family Crisis); To quantify these factors (how extensive and where); To establish the potential impact of the Church on the community. The scope of the project is The Valley (see table of the suburbs and map below). Area Population Glencairn 510 Bayview 151 Glencairn Heights 1,004 Bayview Village 308 Glenmarine 218 Belvedere Noordhoek 164 Habour Heights 118 Boulders 111 Imhoff's Gift 126 Cape Town SP 18 Kalkbay 959 Capri Village 1,297 King Edward Rest 398 Chapmanspeak 745 Kommetjie 2,453 Clovelly 549 Lekkerwater 1,411 Da Gama Park 1,145 Masiphumelele 4,213 Dassenberg 345 Mount Pleasant 290 De Goede Hoop - Murdock Valley 252 Fairie Knowe 370 Noordhaven 307 Fish Hoek SP 6,954 Noordhoek 976 Flat Acres 341 Ocean View 16,168 Froggy Farm 145 Peers Hill 1,166

Copyright URDR, Stellenbosch University 5 Red Hill 651 Simonstown SP 171 Risi View 402 Sun Valley 2,029 San Michael 226 Sunnyacres 3,065 San Michele 469 Sunnydale 1,863 Schusterskraal 725 The Lakes 231 Seaforth 258 Welcome Glen 700 Silver Mine Village 303 Wildvodl Vlei 6 Silverglade 1,223 Winford 126 Simonskloof 125 Total 56,325 Simonstown Habour 540

M A IN FISH HOEK AREA R O C A D H Noordhaven A P N M A S PEA K DR Belvedere Noordhoek IVE Chapmanspeak San Michael San Michele Silver Mine Village Dassenberg

The Lakes E IV Clovelly R D S Fairie Knowe Peers Hill E Sun Valley Y O B Lekkerwater Sunnydale Silverglade Masiphumelele Sunnyacres Kalkbay Noordhoek Risi View Fish Hoek

KO Capri Village MMETJ IE ROAD

B LA CK HIL Kommetjie Ocean View L RO A D D

O R Welcome Glen Glencairn P

A L Rural Area Da Gama Park S Glencairn Heights Cape Town SP

W Glenmarine I TS A N D S R O A D Bayview Bayview Village

Schusterskraal Mount Pleasant King Edward Rest Simonskloof Red Hill Boulders Roads Seaforth Winford Froggy Farm

Murdock Valley

Simonstown Rural

P LA T E A U R O A D

Sources: StatsSA, Census 2001 ² Strategic Information Dept., City of Cape Town

In this section the research process as well as the different instruments for data collection will be described. The results will be discussed in the next section. It is appropriate to make two observations here. Firstly, the research has been conducted within the paradigm of participative action research. Consequently, the researchers do not keep their distance by not involving the community. People on the ground participate in the research, the locus of control moves away from the University to the local community. The purpose of the research is not only to gather objective information, but to change, to transform a community. Secondly, during the empirical research process a multidisciplinary approach has been adopted, thereby utilising expertise from other social sciences. Although the Unit is situated in the Faculty of Theology, other disciplines are consulted, for example, Sociology and Geography. The challenge was to design a methodology that would provide appropriate results in the light of the aims of the research.

3.1 Consultation with fraternal With reference to the graph above, the research process commenced with a consultation session with the local fraternal on 20 th July 2004. During this meeting the vision, scope and possible outcomes of the research were explained. Previous examples of similar research done by the Unit were shown to familiarise the leadership with the research. It was stressed during the consultation that the fraternals must take co-ownership of the research process.

Copyright URDR, Stellenbosch University 7 During this initial gathering a date was set for the next meeting, where the planning of both the research and the follow-up was done. It was suggested that a steering committee representing the geographical and denominational spread of the study area be chosen to facilitate the process.

3.2 Day of planning On 19 th November 2004 the day of planning was held with the steering committee of the fraternal. The coming launch, research and feedback were planned and everyone’s responsibilities clarified.

3.3 Launch On 28 th January 2005 the launch was held in the King of Kings Baptist in Fish Hoek, where church leaders, business leaders and representatives of government were invited to share our vision. The purpose of the launch was to communicate this venture as a service to the community. Approximately 40 people attended the launch.

3.4 Research Two weeks of research, 31 st January – 11 February 2005, followed the launch. During these two weeks two processes ran simultaneously. The fraternal appointed a local coordinator for the research, Lance Macintosh. The coordinator was a key person with regards to organising the research. He liaised with researchers from Stellenbosch, the fraternal and the community. He received training on several occasions on what was expected of him.

3.4.1 GPS phase The purpose was to mark all places of worship and places which have a significant influence on the social wellbeing of people (e.g. shebeens, places where drugs are sold, etc.) in The Valley with GPS (Global Positioning System) technology. The places of worship did not include prayer meeting venues during the week – only venues for churches’ official meetings on Sundays, whether these were held in a separate building, house, classroom in a school, etc. Twenty-six fieldworkers were mobilised from different parts of The Valley. They were expected to have a good knowledge of the area where they live (must have lived there for longer than two years). They were grouped in 13 teams and trained in how to do the fieldwork. Each team then received a map of the area in which they had to conduct their fieldwork. The map helped them to coordinate their investigations and prevented teams from duplicating work, thus saving time. Each team was dropped off in their designated area and literally walked up one street and down the next. The data were downloaded onto a computer and ESRI’s ArcView shape files created from the data. These fieldworkers received certificates for taking part of the project.

3.4.2 Needs analysis Secondly, a needs analysis was conducted in one area, Ocean View, with six groups in each area. The composition of the groups was guided by gender and age as seen below: 8 men 16-24 yrs 8 women 16-24 yrs 8 men 24-44 yrs 8 women 24-44 yrs 8 men 45+ yrs 8 women 45+ yrs The purpose of the needs analysis was to prioritise the social development needs specific to these two areas by using the Priority Index (P-Index) research technique, i.e. a methodology that is strongly based on the principles of PAR and which directly involves individuals and target groups in

Copyright URDR, Stellenbosch University 8 the community in prioritising the community’s needs. Secondly, the purpose was to draw community profiles of every selected community on the basis of the P-Index data. This technique has the following characteristics: (a) simplicity, (b) the ability to reveal and prioritise a community’s actual needs, and (c) reliability regarding the information it elicits, regardless of whether respondents are literate or illiterate. The P-Index distinguishes between the importance of a need and its priority by comparing the respondents’ perception of the importance of a given facility to their current level of satisfaction with that facility. “As a result of this technique, a facility which respondents regard as very important while at the same time being quite satisfied with the current state of affairs, will occupy a lower position on the P-Index than one sharing the same level of importance while being regarded as highly unsatisfactory” (Schutte 2000:10). The second phase of the needs analysis is to draw a community profile (C-Index) using the data of the P-index. The third phase entails measuring the “bonding” of a community by determining three elements, namely: 1. Social support services available for those who need help; 2. Socialisation, i.e. friendship circles existing within the community; 3. A sense of belonging or pride in belonging to the community. The potential for community development thus depends on three issues. Firstly, the extent of bonding in the community; secondly, the extent to which the individual’s basic needs are satisfied; and thirdly, the extent to which the individual’s social needs are satisfied. Schutte identified 13 facilities that are crucial to any community (Schutte 2000:23ff.). These are considered to be the cornerstones necessary for the survival of any community. The first six refer to individual needs for survival, while the remaining seven are social needs related to the interaction of humans: 1. Shelter 8. Income 2. Health care 9. Education 3. Sanitation 10. Recreation 4. Water 11. Religion 5. Food 12. Welfare 6. Energy 13. Transport 7. Safety

3.5 Processing of the data Once the preliminary research had been completed, the data collected were processed and put into a geographical information system (GIS). GIS are computer systems for capturing, storing and manipulating, analysing, displaying and integrating spatial (geographical or locational) and non- spatial (statistical or attribution) information (Maguire 1991). Other secondary sources of information, namely the Censuses of 1996 and 2001, statistics from the SAPS, statistics from the City Health Directorate regarding causes of death, were all integrated in a geo-database and coupled to the GIS for the manipulation, analysing and displaying of the different datasets. The results from the research need to be accessible to the community in order for them to be of value. Accessibility in our context has two aspects. The first is that the data must be available to anyone who wants to use them. The second is that people in the community must be able to understand, relate and make their own interpretations of the data. This will lead to a better understanding of the problems which the local people identified; empower them to do something about these problems; and, very important, know where to channel available resources. How is this level of user-friendly availability and accessibility of data reached?

Copyright URDR, Stellenbosch University 9 All of this is the reason for using GIS as a vehicle in realising this goal. The use of GIS allows the production of meaningful, attention-grabbing maps that visually illustrate important issues (Jones 1997; Queralt & Witte 1998). The software also enables people to gain new insights into issues and enhance communication between them. Hence much attention was given to showing the research results visually with maps. This worked very effectively, because people interact with a map if they are familiar with the area.

3.6 Feedback The feedback session will be held on 4 th March 2005.

3.7 Website This report is accessible to our research partners on the website of the University of Stellenbosch, The link to the website is: www.sun.ac.za/theology/urdr.htm . 4 RESULTS Annexure 1 contains all the variants available from the research.

4.1 Demographics of the Valley An extensive demographic report of The Valley is attached in Annexure 2 . The data are provided by StatsSA and are taken from Census 1996 and Census 2001. There are 19 variants which reflect individual, economic and household realities in The Valley. Each variable is given in four columns: 1996, 2001, change from 1996 to 2001 and provincial (CA – comparative area). If one looks at the report in Annexure 2 one immediately observes the following: 1. The population in study area grew by 9,314 people from 1996 to 2001; 2. The study area consists of mostly White people (46.5%), 32.3% Coloured people and 20.3% Black people speaking English (53.2%), Afrikaans (26.8%) and isiXhosa (17.8%) as their first language. The market share of White people declined with 7.4% while the market share of Black people increased with 7.1%; 3. The average age of the area is 33 years compared to the 28.7 years of the Western Cape Province. This can also be seen with the percentage people older than 50 years living in the area (22.6%); 4. The Anglican (13.1%), Methodist (9.3%) and Catholic (8.9%) denominations are dominant. 17.1% of the people affiliate with no religion; 5. The percentage of unemployed people grew by 7.8% from 1996 to 15.2% in 2001; 6. The average income of households per year of R112,629 is higher compared to the provincial average of R76,000. If inflation is taken into account, the income increased from R88,067 in 1996 to R112,629 in 2001. Hence an increase of R24,562 from 1996 to 2001. 7. 19.5% people live in blocks of flats or town/cluster houses. A further 16.5% live in informal dwellings; 8. 75.6% households have access to piped water in their dwelling. Basic demographic indicators taken from Census 2001 are as follows: Population: 56,324 Population groups: Black – 20.3% Coloured – 32.3%

Copyright URDR, Stellenbosch University 10 White – 46.5% Age 0-19 years – 31.2% 20-34 years – 25.8% 35-49 year – 20.4% 50 and older – 22.6% Average income per household: R112,629 per year Language IsiXhosa – 17.8% Afrikaans – 26.8% English – 53.2% Religious affiliation Christian – 75.2% Islam – 4.5% No religion – 17.1% A few maps are given to paint a demographic picture of The Valley.

M A IN FISH HOEK AREA R O C A D H Noordhaven A P M ANS PEAK D Belvedere Noordhoek RIVE Chapmanspeak San Michael San Michele Silver Mine Village Dassenberg

The Lakes E IV Clovelly R D S Fairie Knowe Peers Hill E Sun Valley Y O B Lekkerwater Sunnydale Silverglade Masiphumelele Sunnyacres Kalkbay Noordhoek Risi View Fish Hoek

KO MMETJ Capri Village IE ROAD

B LA CK Kommetjie Ocean View HIL L RO A D D

O R Welcome Glen Glencairn P

A L Rural Area Da Gama Park S Glencairn Heights Cape Town SP

W Glenmarine I T S A N D S R O A D Bayview Bayview Village

Average age Schusterskraal Mount Pleasant King Edward Rest Simonskloof 0 - 19 Boulders Red Hill Seaforth

21 - 29 Winford Froggy Farm

31 - 39 Murdock Valley

41 - 45 Simonstown Rural 46 and older P LA T E A U Roads R O A D

Sources: StatsSA, Census 2001 ² Strategic Information Dept., City of Cape Town

The map shows the average age of the residents in each of the smaller areas in The Valley. The average age of the whole area is 33 years. Compare this average, for instance, with the average of the Western Cape Province, which is 28.7 years. If one studies the map in conjunction with the legend, it is evident that different age groups are situated together in specific areas. For example the group older than 46 seems to follow a line frtom the north along the sea shore to the south in Simons town. The same with the group 41-45 seem to life in the centre of the study area.

M A IN FISH HOEK AREA R O C A D H Noordhaven A P M ANS PEAK D Belvedere Noordhoek RIVE Chapmanspeak San Michael San Michele Silver Mine Village Dassenberg

The Lakes E IV Clovelly R D S Fairie Knowe Peers Hill E Sun Valley Y O B Lekkerwater Sunnydale Silverglade Masiphumelele Sunnyacres Kalkbay Noordhoek Risi View Fish Hoek

KO MMETJ Capri Village IE ROAD

B LA CK Kommetjie Ocean View HIL L RO A D D

O R Welcome Glen Glencairn P

A L Rural Area Da Gama Park S Glencairn Heights Cape Town SP

W Glenmarine I T S A N D S R O A D Bayview Bayview Village

Avg. income / household / year Schusterskraal Mount Pleasant King Edward Rest Simonskloof 0 - 66105 Boulders Red Hill Seaforth

66106 - 126142 Winford Froggy Farm

126143 - 197786 Murdock Valley

197787 - 290039 Simonstown Rural 290040 - 556340 P LA T E A U Roads R O A D

Sources: StatsSA, Census 2001 ² Strategic Information Dept., City of Cape Town

The areas in red indicate the lowest average income (in rand) per household per year. The average income of the entire area of research is, as already indicated, much higher than the provincial average. The average individual income per month is R3,280. The areas with the highest average income per household are around Dassenberg. On the other hand areas like Ocean View, Masiphumelele, Lekkerwater and Red Hill form the other end of the spectrum with lowest income.

M A IN FISH HOEK AREA R O C A D H Noordhaven A P M ANS PEAK D Belvedere Noordhoek RIVE Chapmanspeak San Michael San Michele Silver Mine Village Dassenberg

The Lakes E IV Clovelly R D S Fairie Knowe Peers Hill E Sun Valley Y O B Lekkerwater Sunnydale Silverglade Masiphumelele Sunnyacres Kalkbay Noordhoek Risi View Fish Hoek

KO MMETJ Capri Village IE ROAD

B LA CK Kommetjie Ocean View HIL L RO A D D

O R Welcome Glen Glencairn P

A L Rural Area Da Gama Park S Glencairn Heights Cape Town SP

W Glenmarine I T S A N D S R O A D Bayview Bayview Village

No schooling Schusterskraal Mount Pleasant King Edward Rest Simonskloof 0% - 2.94% Boulders Red Hill Seaforth

2.95% - 9.17% Winford Froggy Farm

9.18% - 21.92% Murdock Valley

21.93% - 43.14% Simonstown Rural

43.15% - 98.58% P LA T E A U R O A D

Sources: StatsSA, Census 2001 ² Strategic Information Dept., City of Cape Town

The purpose of this map is to show the percentage of adults (20 years and older) who did not have the opportunity to complete any schooling. The percentage for The Valley is 2.7%. This is below the provincial percentage of 5.8%. The areas with the highest average with no schooling for adults are Lekkerwater with a disturbing 40.8%, followed by Noordhoek (6.7%), Sunnyacres (5.5%) and Red Hill (4.7%).

M A IN FISH HOEK AREA R O C A D H Noordhaven A P M ANS PEAK D Belvedere Noordhoek RIVE Chapmanspeak San Michael San Michele Silver Mine Village Dassenberg

The Lakes E IV Clovelly R D S Fairie Knowe Peers Hill E Sun Valley Y O B Lekkerwater Sunnydale Silverglade Masiphumelele Sunnyacres Kalkbay Noordhoek Risi View Fish Hoek

KO MMETJ Capri Village IE ROAD

B LA CK Kommetjie Ocean View HIL L RO A D D

O R Welcome Glen Glencairn P

A L Rural Area Da Gama Park S Glencairn Heights Cape Town SP

W Glenmarine I T S A N D S R O A D Bayview Bayview Village

Informal houses Schusterskraal Mount Pleasant King Edward Rest Simonskloof 0% - 4.42% Boulders Red Hill Seaforth

4.43% - 15.46% Winford Froggy Farm

15.47% - 35% Murdock Valley

35.01% - 71.08% Simonstown Rural 71.09% - 100% P LA T E A U Roads R O A D

Sources: StatsSA, Census 2001 ² Strategic Information Dept., City of Cape Town

The map shows the percentages of households, in each of the smaller areas of The Valley, where the house can be classified in accordance with the Census as an informal dwelling. 1 The total percentage of informal dwellings in The Valley is approximately 16.5%. There are, however, areas where the percentage of informal housing is very high, namely Red Hill (97%), Noordhoek (94.6%), Sunnyacres (94.2%) and Masiphumelele (88.7%).

1 The official definition of Census 2001 for an informal dwelling is a combination of two dwelling types: “Informal dwelling/shack in backyard” and “Informal dwelling/shack, NOT in backyard, e.g. in an informal/squatter settlement” (www.statssa.gov.za).

M A IN FISH HOEK AREA R O C A D H Noordhaven A P M ANS PEAK D Belvedere Noordhoek RIVE Chapmanspeak San Michael San Michele Silver Mine Village Dassenberg

The Lakes E IV Clovelly R D S Fairie Knowe Peers Hill E Sun Valley Y O B Lekkerwater Sunnydale Silverglade Masiphumelele Sunnyacres Kalkbay Noordhoek Risi View Fish Hoek

KO MMETJ Capri Village IE ROAD

B LA CK Kommetjie Ocean View HIL L RO A D D

O R Welcome Glen Glencairn P

A L Rural Area Da Gama Park S Glencairn Heights Cape Town SP

W Glenmarine I T S A N D S R O A D Bayview Bayview Village

Unemployed people Schusterskraal Mount Pleasant King Edward Rest Simonskloof 0% - 7.13% Boulders Red Hill Seaforth

7.14% - 16.67% Winford Froggy Farm

16.68% - 29.34% Murdock Valley

29.35% - 43.90% Simonstown Rural 43.91% - 66.67% P LA T E A U Roads R O A D

Sources: StatsSA, Census 2001 ² Strategic Information Dept., City of Cape Town

An unemployed person, according to Census 2001, is a person between the ages of 15 and 65 who did not have work, could not find work, has taken active steps to find employment and could start within one week, if offered work. The Valley has an unemployment percentage (according to StatsSA’s definition explained above) of 15.2%. It rose from 7.4% (Census 1996) to 15.2% (Census 2001). The areas with the highest percentage unemployment were Masiphumelele (52%), Sunnyacres (49.7%), Lekkerwater (46.2%) and Noordhoek (41.2%).

M A IN FISH HOEK AREA R O C A D H Noordhaven A P M ANS PEAK D Belvedere Noordhoek RIVE Chapmanspeak San Michael San Michele Silver Mine Village Dassenberg

The Lakes E IV Clovelly R D S Fairie Knowe Peers Hill E Sun Valley Y O B Lekkerwater Sunnydale Silverglade Masiphumelele Sunnyacres Kalkbay Noordhoek Risi View Fish Hoek

KO MMETJ Capri Village IE ROAD

B LA CK Kommetjie Ocean View HIL L RO A D D

O R Welcome Glen Glencairn P

A L Rural Area Da Gama Park S Glencairn Heights Cape Town SP

W Glenmarine I T S A N D S R O A D Bayview Bayview Village

Christians Schusterskraal Mount Pleasant King Edward Rest Simonskloof 0% - 39.27% Boulders Red Hill Seaforth

39.28% - 63.55% Winford Froggy Farm

63.56% - 76.72% Murdock Valley

76.73% - 88.13% Simonstown Rural 88.14% - 100% P LA T E A U Roads R O A D

Sources: StatsSA, Census 2001 ² Strategic Information Dept., City of Cape Town

The purpose of this map is to depict the affiliation to Christian denominations in The Valley. All the answers of respondents in Census 2001 were indexed into 67 groups: 62 religious groups and five other categories (e.g. “not stated”). This map shows all people who indicated that they are affiliated with a Christian church or denomination. As was indicated above, 75.2% of the people in The Valley indicated that they are affiliated with the Christian religion. The area with the highest percentage is Cape Town SP with 100%. Keep in mind that this is an area with a population of only 18 people. Bayview (92.1%) and Simonskloof (90.8%) both have a percentage of higher than 90%. The three areas with the lowest percentage affiliation with Christianity are Sunnyacres (51.5%), Simonstown Harbour (52.5%) and Chapmanspeak (53.7%).

Copyright URDR, Stellenbosch University 17 The two areas with the highest percentage no religion are Sunnyacres (46.6%), and Chapmanspeak (43.9%).

4.2 GPS phase

4.2.1 Places of worship A summary of all the places of worship is given below. There are a total of 138 places where people worship. Congregants utilise different venues for this purpose, e.g. houses, formal buildings, schools or other places. 92% of all places of worship are Christian, followed by other religions with 5.1%. Most Christian groups gather in formal church buildings (49.6%) followed by school buildings (23.6%). Table 2: Summary of places of worship Formal church School House building building Other Total % Christian 17 63 30 17 127 92.0 Muslim 0 2 0 2 4 2.9 Hindu 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 Jewish 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 Traditional African Belief 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 Other religions 0 4 0 3 7 5.1 Total 17 69 30 22 138 100 A map showing the 127 places of Christian worship is provided below. If one looks at the distribution more closely one can draw a few conclusions (see also Table 4): • It is not easy to draw conclusions from this study area because of the many small suburbs , each with a different name. There are a total of 48 sub–place names in the study area with an average size of 1,173 people. • For The Valley area as a whole there is one church for every 444 people (see Table 4). Compare this figure with, for example, Helderberg Basin, where there is on average one church for every 660 people, Khayelitsha one church for every 1,201, Southern Suburbs one church for every 1,356 people and Mitchell’s Plain with one church for every 528 people; • There are a number of areas with no churches. Some of these areas have substantial populations; • The areas with the most churches are Ocean View (84), followed by Sunnyacres (15). This, however, does not tell the whole story; • If the ratio of people per church in specific areas is calculated, a different perspective emerges. The areas where the ratio of people per church is the lowest are King Edward Rest (133), Ocean View (192) and Sunnyacres (204);

Copyright URDR, Stellenbosch University 18 M A IN FISH HOEK AREA R O C A D H Noordhaven A P M ANS PEAK D Belvedere Noordhoek RIVE Chapmanspeak San Michael San Michele Silver Mine Village Dassenberg

The Lakes E IV Clovelly R D S Fairie Knowe Peers Hill E Sun Valley Y O B Lekkerwater Sunnydale Silverglade Masiphumelele Sunnyacres Kalkbay Noordhoek Risi View Fish Hoek

KO MMETJ Capri Village IE ROAD

B LA CK Kommetjie Ocean View HIL L RO A D D

O R Welcome Glen Glencairn P

A L Rural Area Da Gama Park S Glencairn Heights Cape Town SP

W Glenmarine I T S A N D S R O A D Bayview Bayview Village

Schusterskraal Mount Pleasant King Edward Rest Simonskloof Boulders Red Hill Seaforth Winford Froggy Farm 127 Christian places of worship

Murdock Valley Places of worship

Roads Simonstown Rural

P LA T E A U R O A D

Sources: URDR, University of Stellenbosch ² Strategic Information Dept., City of Cape Town

Copyright URDR, Stellenbosch University 19 4.2.2 Liquor outlets The number of liquor outlets (166) is more than the Christian places of worship. Table 3 below contains a summary of the different kinds of liquor outlets which were mapped in the study area. 71.7% of the liquor outlets are shebeens. A few observations can be made: The outlets are mainly focused in three area: Ocean View with 86 outlets, followed by Sunnyacres with 20 outlets and Masiphumelele with 15 outlets; If one looks more closely at the number of liquor outlets, it seems as if there is an average of one outlet for every 339 in the study area. Table 3: Summary of liquor outlets Liquor stores 9 Night clubs 2 Shebeens 119 Hotels 0 Pubs/taverns, etc. 28 Other 8 Total 166

Copyright URDR, Stellenbosch University 20 M A IN FISH HOEK AREA R O C A D H Noordhaven A P M ANS PEAK D Belvedere Noordhoek RIVE Chapmanspeak San Michael San Michele Silver Mine Village Dassenberg

The Lakes E IV Clovelly R D S Fairie Knowe Peers Hill E Sun Valley Y O B Lekkerwater Sunnydale Silverglade Masiphumelele Sunnyacres Kalkbay Noordhoek Risi View Fish Hoek

KO MMETJ Capri Village IE ROAD

B LA CK Kommetjie Ocean View HIL L RO A D D

O R Welcome Glen Glencairn P

A L Rural Area Da Gama Park S Glencairn Heights Cape Town SP

W Glenmarine I T S A N D S R O A D Bayview Bayview Village

Schusterskraal Mount Pleasant King Edward Rest Simonskloof Boulders Red Hill Seaforth Winford Froggy Farm 166 Liquor outlets Murdock Valley Liquor outlets

Roads Simonstown Rural

P LA T E A U R O A D

Sources: URDR, University of Stellenbosch ² Strategic Information Dept., City of Cape Town

The table below summarises the discussion regarding churches and liquor outlets in an effort to establish possible connections. The columns contain the area, the population of that area, the population in that area that is affiliated with the Christian religion, the percentage of Christians of the population, number of liquor outlets, number of churches, ratio of people in that area per liquor outlet and lastly ratio of people in that area per church.

Table 4: Summary of places of worship and liquor outlets Persons/ % Liquor Liquor Persons Area Population Christians Christians outlets Churches outlet /church Bayview 151 139 92.1% - - - - Bayview Village 308 246 79.9% - - - - Belvedere Noordhoek 164 124 75.6% - - - - Boulders 111 81 73.0% - - - - Cape Town SP 18 18 100.0% 4 2 5 9

Copyright URDR, Stellenbosch University 21 Capri Village 1,297 917 70.7% - - - - Chapmanspeak 745 400 53.7% - - - - Clovelly 549 317 57.7% - - - - Da Gama Park 1,145 966 84.4% - 2 - 573 Dassenberg 345 233 67.5% - - - - Fairie Knowe 370 317 85.7% 1 - 370 - Fish Hoek SP 6,954 5,750 82.7% - - - - Flat Acres 341 250 73.3% - - - - Froggy Farm 145 112 77.2% - - - - Glencairn 510 345 67.6% 1 1 510 510 Glencairn Heights 1,004 736 73.3% 1 - 1,004 - Glenmarine 218 173 79.4% - 1 - 218 Habour Heights 118 102 86.4% - - - - Imhoff's Gift 126 94 74.6% - - - - Kalkbay 959 559 58.3% - - - - King Edward Rest 398 275 69.1% 9 3 44 133 Kommetjie 2,453 1,755 71.5% 4 4 613 613 Lekkerwater 1,411 964 68.3% - - - - Masiphumelele 4,213 2,535 60.2% 15 3 281 1,404 Mount Pleasant 290 240 82.8% 2 1 145 290 Murdock Valley 252 178 70.6% - - - - Noordhaven 307 250 81.4% 2 - 154 - Noordhoek 976 798 81.8% 3 2 325 488 Ocean View 16,168 13,208 81.7% 86 84 188 192 Peers Hill 1,166 915 78.5% - - - - Red Hill 651 404 62.1% 7 3 93 217 Risi View 402 289 71.9% - - - - San Michael 226 184 81.4% - - - - San Michele 469 315 67.2% - - - - Schusterskraal 725 468 64.6% - - - - Seaforth 258 211 81.8% - - - - Silver Mine Village 303 240 79.2% - - - - Silverglade 1,223 1,068 87.3% 1 1 1,223 1,223 Simonskloof 125 118 94.4% - - - - Simonstown Habour 540 282 52.2% - - - - Simonstown SP 171 117 68.4% - - - - Sun Valley 2,029 1,776 87.5% 1 3 2,029 676 Sunnyacres 3,065 1,583 51.6% 20 15 153 204 Sunnydale 1,863 1,462 78.5% 8 2 233 932 The Lakes 231 188 81.4% - - - - Welcome Glen 700 545 77.9% - - - - Wildevodl Vlei 6 0 0.0% 1 - 6 - Winford 126 101 80.2% - - - - Total 56,325 42,348 75.2% 166 127 339 444

M A IN FISH HOEK AREA R O C A D H Noordhaven A P M ANS PEAK D Belvedere Noordhoek RIVE Chapmanspeak San Michael San Michele Silver Mine Village Dassenberg

The Lakes E IV Clovelly R D S Fairie Knowe Peers Hill E Sun Valley Y O B Lekkerwater Sunnydale Silverglade Masiphumelele Sunnyacres Kalkbay Noordhoek Risi View Fish Hoek

KO MMETJ Capri Village IE ROAD

B LA CK Kommetjie Ocean View HIL L RO A D D

O R Welcome Glen Glencairn P

A L Rural Area Da Gama Park S Glencairn Heights Cape Town SP

W Glenmarine I T S A N D S R O A D Bayview Bayview Village

Schusterskraal Mount Pleasant King Edward Rest Simonskloof Boulders Red Hill Seaforth 4 Places of sexual misconduct Winford Froggy Farm

Place of sexual misconduct Murdock Valley

Roads Simonstown Rural

P LA T E A U R O A D

Sources: URDR, University of Stellenbosch ² Strategic Information Dept., City of Cape Town

Copyright URDR, Stellenbosch University 23 4.2.4 Selling of illegal drugs 42 places were mapped where drugs are sold illegally. All these places were found in Ocean View.

M A IN FISH HOEK AREA R O C A D H Noordhaven A P M ANS PEAK D Belvedere Noordhoek RIVE Chapmanspeak San Michael San Michele Silver Mine Village Dassenberg

The Lakes E IV Clovelly R D S Fairie Knowe Peers Hill E Sun Valley Y O B Lekkerwater Sunnydale Silverglade Masiphumelele Sunnyacres Kalkbay Noordhoek Risi View Fish Hoek

KO MMETJ Capri Village IE ROAD

B LA CK Kommetjie Ocean View HIL L RO A D D

O R Welcome Glen Glencairn P

A L Rural Area Da Gama Park S Glencairn Heights Cape Town SP

W Glenmarine I T S A N D S R O A D Bayview Bayview Village

Schusterskraal Mount Pleasant King Edward Rest Simonskloof Boulders Red Hill Seaforth Winford Froggy Farm 42 Places selling drugs Murdock Valley Illegal drugs

Roads Simonstown Rural

P LA T E A U R O A D

Sources: URDR, University of Stellenbosch ² Strategic Information Dept., City of Cape Town

Copyright URDR, Stellenbosch University 24 4.3 Needs analysis A full report of each needs analysis held in the one area, Ocean View, is available at our office. However, a summary of the P-Index, C-Index and Bonding will be given for each area below.

4.3.1 Ocean View P-Index Table 2: Full spectrum P-Index

Item -10-9-8-7-6-5-4-3-2-1-0+1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+10 P

1 Human Values (25-34 M) 10.00

2 Poverty (25-34 M) 10.00

3 Free Schooling (25-34 F) 10.00

4 Youth Centre (25-34 F) 10.00

5 Garbage Bins (+35 F) 10.00

6 Game Shop (16-24 F) 9.36

7 Crime/Gangs/Drugs (4) 9.28

8 Food (+35 F) 9.13

9 Social/Welfare Workers (2) 8.63

10 Housing (5) 8.53

11 Rehab. Centre (16-24M) 8.40

12 Poor Police Service (6) 8.22

13 Sport Facilities (2) 8.08

14 More High Schools (+50 M) 8.00

15 Post Office (+50 M) 8.00

16 Social Services (+50 M) 7.75

17 Day Hospital/Clinic (5) 7.49

18 Neighborhood Watch (16-24 M) 7.20

19 Unemployment (6) 7.18

20 Robot (16-24 F) 7.13

21 Technical School (16-24M ) 7.00

22 Playground (2) 6.94

23 Crèche/Preschool (16-24 F) 6.50

25 Ambulance (2) 5.56

26 Streetlights (2) 4.92

Supporting Reasons: P-Index 1. Poverty (25-34 M) P = 10.00 - “Every family is so poor. If they buy two breads they have to decide whose going to eat and whose going to look on. There is no food.” - “Whatever RDP job opportunities are announced they are not for the people of Ocean View itself.” - “People are starting to break in, stealing geysers and copper pipes to go and sell so that they can have their daily bread.” - “People don’t even want to open their doors to their neighbours anymore. They say ‘yesterday I gave you this and today you want something else’. People don’t want to lend no more. It’s beginning to take its toll. People are beginning to lose their dignity and our human value.” - “We don’t want to be rich; we just want to get out of poverty.” - “Drugs and alcohol result from poverty. They have enough money to buy one bread, but then still some of the children will go hungry, so they rather drink out their money.” - “It’s OK if we go to bed without food, but we must at least feed our children.” 2. Human Values (25-34 M) P = 10.00 - “As a result of unemployment the elements of being human in itself, those human values are gone and we do anything! When we have nothing, people do whatever it takes to provide for our families. We are robbed of our dignities. We are so tired of playing a role of somebody else. We just want to be us and we want the world to know that we are in need, we are hungry, and we need something to be done to save our dignity.” - “The people of Ocean View have overlooked. We want to make our voices heard, people must know that there is a place Ocean View and people are living there.” - “Nothing happens here because we don’t stand together. It happens at other places, but we can’t stand together.” 3. Free Schooling (25-34 F) P = 10.00 - “My child is in Sub B, and I can’t afford to pay the school fees. The R170 I get for him isn’t enough.” - ”No one is working at home. How can I be expected to pay school fees? I can’t afford it.” - “I can’t afford the school fees. And I also think that the schools should give the children free books. Only at Marine the books are free, but at Kleinberg and other schools we must buy the books. Some parents have 3 or 4 children at school. It’s just too expensive.” - “It’s embarrassing sending a letter to school with your child because you can’t pay the school fees. And in the meetings, they read out the names of those parents who didn’t pay the school fees.” 4. Youth Centre (25-34 F) P = 10.00

Copyright URDR, Stellenbosch University 26 - “There are no facilities for our teenagers. There is the Multi-Purpose Centre, but that’s only for the holidays and then programmes include young children also.” - “I think we need a Youth Centre and then the facilitators need to be people from outside of Ocean View, otherwise they won’t respect them.” 5. Garbage Bins (+35 F) P = 10.00 - “The garbage trucks come once a week to fetch the rubbish. But look how unfair they are: Mountain View also has homes and families, but they didn’t give us garbage bins. Everyone else got except us. Even the squatters got. That’s why I say, Mountain View is so separate from the rest of Ocean View, as we are not part of the same place.” 6. Game Shop P = 9.36 - “If there were more activities for young people to keep them busy, then the drug problem would become less.” 7. Crime/Gangs/Drugs P = 9.26 - “Crime has increased. The prisons are full of young and older men from Ocean View. These men could not handle the pressure of having to provide for their families. People are expected to do skilful work, but for labour wages. So they were forced to break in and entry, armed robbery and violence.” - “We are beginning to turn on one another because we have no work. This used to be a community, but now there is no understanding between us because you have and I don’t have. But now we want to say that we had enough. The government must do something or else more families are going to die, more children are going to go astray.” - “Our children are suffering: they get abused, raped. Husbands and wives fight in their homes because they are unemployed. And you are forced to go and steal to provide for your family. It isn’t right. I mean: ten years ago the government made all kinds of promises for a new beginning, but we see nothing happening. We are going astray, breaking each other down, and killing one another because there isn’t enough work for all of us.” - “Our wives leave us for other men who have jobs, who can provide for them and our children.” - “Children see the gangs as the fastest way to earn money. The gangsters have fine jewelry and the children want that.” - “You can’t walk freely, you get robbed. And if you go to the police, they break down your house.” - “The gangs are becoming so powerful. People are too scared to walk around or even to talk about it.” - “The gangsters operate from the people’s houses. They do just what they want to.” - “There must be someone to help the people who use drugs.” - “People are armed, so its not safe to walk around in Ocean View. There are gangsters.” - “The police are corrupt. They get paid for things by the merchant or the big guys and there is no protection especially for the young kids that are going to school, they are turning out into gangsters and the police are overlooking these things.” - “We go to the council to see if we can get them to fix the windows, but we don’t have money. My husband is on the welfare and there isn’t always cents. My child does “tik”, but I don’t blame those who sell it because they are not sent there to buy it.”

Copyright URDR, Stellenbosch University 27 - “They say there are no vans available when you report a crime, but in the mornings when their wives need to go to work then there is a van available, and there is a van available when they drive around with their girls.” - “The ‘tikkers’ come from all three merchants to ‘tik’ in my yard. I called the police, but they didn’t come. Then they chased Tata and minutes later he was stabbed. He died in hospital. The police could have prevented his murder if they had come on time.” 8. Food P = 9.13 - “Most of us have a shortage of food. Sometimes you need to go to Money Lenders just to get by. If they lend you a R20,00 you must pay back a R40,00. Its 100% interest.” - “The government says education is power, but how can a kid get educated when there’s no food to eat in the mornings.” 9. Social/Welfare Workers P = 8.63 - “They need to be taught because they know nothing.” - “The social workers come round once a month and then there’s a hundred people waiting for them.” 10. Housing P = 8.53 - “It would be good if there was a Night Shelter where people could stay temporarily when they need to. The Police Station doesn’t want to do it. In Mountain View the need is greater.” - “We in Ocean View are lazy. We don’t want to stand together. Those people whose houses burnt down worked together and they have houses now, but we just give up so easily, even before anything gets done.” - “Housing is bad, but the people also don’t want to pay for their houses. They buy plots and sell them to other people that don’t have money.” - “The toilets are filthy and we have to use a bucket and everybody knows your business.” - “Mountain View is a place that neglected/isolated from the rest of Ocean View. And saying you came from Mountain View is like a slap in the face. We don’t have a supermarket there and have to come into the ‘skim’ to get stuff. And it’s dangerous for the children who get raped on the way to the shop. ” - “The houses are attached, we are so close together, It looks like horse stables.” - “It’s difficult to get a house if you’re not married.” - “The houses are too small. I mean the children are going up. You can’t have a married couple sharing a room with a youngster. In Mountain View it’s even worse. The people there live in terrible conditions, likes shacks. They don’t have running water in the house. They must use communal showers and toilets. It is very unhygienic! ” - “The toilets are so filthy; we can’t let our children use them. We let them pee in a bucket in the house and then we throw it outside. And people from outside came and dump their rubbish her at our place. That not right! Taps are broken; we must get water far from our homes.” - “The housing in Mountain View is not fully developed. The housing is like a long block, like a train we don’t have privacy. Out communal toilets outside are filthy, we have lights, but we don’t have running water inside. There are gutters that run out in front of our doors. There are also lots of merchants in Mountain View that “let down” the children.”

Copyright URDR, Stellenbosch University 28 11. Rehabilitation Centre (16-24 M) P = 8.40 - “I used to be a ‘28’ and I was addicted to drugs, but I left that lifestyle. Now I work in the community, giving drug counseling to the youngsters. You can’t just give them jobs and hope that they will atop doing drugs. Yes, many of them don’t have work, but they also need help to stop the drugs.” - “If we could establish an organization, then more sponsors and funding would be pumped into our community.” 12. Poor Police Service P = 8.22 - “I’ve seen how women sell their bodies at the police station.” - “A lot of people were killed over this past festive season.” - “I went to the police station about, but they can’t help us; reason being that three quarters of the police staff there speak Xhosa.” - “They are corrupt. They work with the gangsters. When a clean up is planned, every ‘smokkel huis’ is tipped off. Certain gangsters have committed crimes, but no follow ups have been done because they are working together. I have reports of police officers that have purchased drugs from gangsters. I also have photos which we took of police officers accepting bribe money from gangsters. So, the entire police system is corrupt.” - “Police work while they drugged. They use dagga.” - “They come out for unnecessary things. They will arrest a drunken woman on the side of the road, but they won’t come when someone is being killed.” - “And they are negligent. Cases aren’t followed up. My sister was stabbed 2 years ago and up until day we know nothing more about the case or what is going to happen now.” - “If my boyfriend and I argue and he hits, when I go to the ‘boere’ (police) they tell me that there are no vans. But I can’t sleep at home. And they can’t even get me a safe place to stay till morning.” - “The police are corrupt.” 13. Sport Facilities P = 8.08 - “There’s no safe place to play, like a soccer field.” - “If there were more activities for young people to keep them busy, then the drug problem would become less.” - “You can’t play just anywhere. They sell drugs on the ‘landjie’.” - “The high school has a rugby field, but they have never played on that rugby field.” - “There was a soccer club. But you must pay fees. At the end of the day no one has paid their subscription, there’s no money in the kitty.” - “Most of Ocean View kids play soccer. But their interest has dwindled and now most of them are busy with drugs.” - “Facilities are broken down because there is no one to take care of it.” - “People break into the Multi-Purpose Centre to steal stuff.” 14. More High Schools (+50 M) P = 8.00 - “The schools are overcrowded.” 15. Post Office (+ 50 M) P = 8.00

Copyright URDR, Stellenbosch University 29 - “We need a Post Office and also more shops. The shops need to stay open for longer hours, they close too early.” 16. Social Services (+50 M) P = 7.75 - “If Social Services delivered services then things would come right.” - “The dogs that walk around in this place need to be fetched because it’s very dangerous dogs.” 17. Day Hospital/Clinic P = 7.49 - “We know that there is only a day hospital. But we have seen how many have lost their lives because there is no medical facility accessible at night. If there was one both day and night in Ocean View, lives could have been saved.” - “Many of us don’t have cars to drive to Fish Hoek to get to a medical facility.” - “Many things happen here at night. We often hear gun shots. The paramedics take their own time to get to us.” - “There is only one doctor, which is not enough. It’s hard to get an appointment to see the doctor.” - “The sisters are beginning to stand in for doctors and things are going to go wrong.” - “Even in the case of an emergency, you have to wait to be helped.” - “We need the clinic to be open 24 hours also, because we don’t have transport to take the children to hospital if they get sick at night.” - “The day hospital is also corrupt. You need to make an appointment to get to see the doctor can take up to 3 months before you can get an appointment. Sometimes there are cancellations, but they don’t want to give it us.” - “If you take a packet of biscuits to the receptionist then you can see the doctor without having an appointment, while we must wait very long before we can see the doctor.” 18. Neighbourhood Watch (16-24 M) P = 7.20 - “The police don’t patrol often enough.” 19. Unemployment P = 7.18 - “There are not enough opportunities for people living in Ocean View. People come from outside to work around here.” - “Many matriculants can’t find work. Only about half of them get jobs at the mall, at Pick ‘n Pay.” - “Its frustrating working as a shelf-packer when you know you’ve gone to school and you can do much better.” - “Because there is so little work, you take whatever comes your way. Most of the time it’s contract work for a few months. But when the contract is over you’re back where you started, just sitting at home.” - “If the Council or someone could create job opportunities for the people living here, then less youngsters will be on the streets.” - “There isn’t enough work for everyone. In one house there is a family of 12 and only one person works. The school fees can’t be paid, because there’s no money. The children are now touched by negative elements.”

Copyright URDR, Stellenbosch University 30 - “It’s mostly fish factories that offer employment opportunities to people in Ocean View. However, we were told that the scheme Fish Eagle Park would create more jobs for us. But it’s still to far away – only about 10% of Ocean View’s people working there.” - “Outsiders are working here in Ocean View.” - “It’s difficult to find work outside of Ocean View because we don’t have the money to travel so far out.” - “If the government or firms could arrange transport for us, then we would be able to work outside of Ocean View.” - “There was work in abundance during apartheid system. We could move from one job to the other, even though we were shackled and caged by the apartheid system, but we didn’t have these problems that we are facing now.” - “There is work, but they pay you too little money.” - “They need to go from house to house to find out what kind of work the people want to do. They don’t do proper enquiries.” - “People who don’t have much schooling find it so hard to find work.” - “Unemployment is a problem; the young people are on the street because they can’t find work even if they have passed matric. Unemployment causes crime, because young people end up doing “tik”. I call the police, but they don’t come.” - “I live with my two small children and my daughter. I don’t have food in my house. My daughter works alone. I often have to borrow from people.” 20. Robot (16-24 F) P = 7.13 - “They drive like it’s a freeway.” 21. Technical School (16-24 M) P = 7.00 - “I’m good at woodwork, but I never had the opportunity to go and study that kind of thing because there is no money.” - “We need another high school, but one where you can learn things like arts and culture. You know; if you didn’t get much schooling and you want to learn practical stuff that can help you to find a job. Like Batavia School.” 22. Playground P = 6.94 - “There needs to be a playground where the kids can play, but with supervision.” - “The one we have is old and doesn’t look nice anymore. They rather choose to play in the bush.” 23. Crèche/Preschool (16-24 F) P = 6.50 - “Mountain View’s mothers have to take their children to a crèche outside, because the crèche teacher at the place we have here aren’t able to prepare our kids for school. They are mostly volunteers.” 24. Roads (16-24 F) P = 6.00 - “The roads are self-made. The cars drive just like they want to.” - “The drains get blocked and overflow. It’s dirty and full of germs.” 25. Ambulance P = 5.56

Copyright URDR, Stellenbosch University 31 - “There is only one ambulance for this area. And then you still need phone for it at the neighbours because a lot of people don’t have telephones. And sometimes the neighbours don’t want to allow you to phone from their homes.” - “The service is bad. When you call for an ambulance, you’re told that there isn’t one available and that you should call the police. And by the time the police come, the person is dead.” 26. Streetlights P = 4.92 - “Ocean View gets very dark. It’s not safe.” - “We need lights because people are getting raped and killed at night. It’s not safe, because it is acquaintances that often cause you harm.” C-Index

C-Index: Ocean View Housing 11 Transport Health Care 9

7 Safety Sanitation 53.51 2.8 3 2.27 4.24 1.49 1 Welfare Water 5.18 1.93 -1

4.76 4.62 Recreation Food supply 3.69 5.33 6.53 4.13

Religion Energy

Education Income

Supporting Reasons: C-Index 1. Shelter C-Index = 3.51 Housing (P-Index = 8.53) “The houses are too small. I mean the children are going up. You can’t have a married couple sharing a room with a youngster. In Mountain View it’s even worse. The people there live in terrible conditions, likes shacks.” “The houses are attached; we are so close together, It looks like horse stables.” “It’s difficult to get a house if you’re not married.” “Housing is bad, but the people also don’t want to pay for their houses. They buy plots and sell them to other people that don’t have money.” Poor Police Services (P-Index = 8.22)

Copyright URDR, Stellenbosch University 32 “If my boyfriend and I argue and he hits, when I go to the ‘boere’ (police) they tell me that there are no vans. But I can’t sleep at home. And they can’t even get me a safe place to stay till morning.” 2. Health Care C-Index = 2.27 Day Hospital (P-Index = 7.49) “The day hospital is also corrupt. You need to make an appointment to get to see the doctor can take up to 3 months before you can get an appointment. Sometimes there are cancellations, but they don’t want to give it us.” “The sisters are beginning to stand in for doctors and things are going to go wrong.” “If you take a packet of biscuits to the receptionist then you can see the doctor without having an appointment, while we must wait very long before we can see the doctor.” 3. Sanitation C-Index = 4.24 Housing (P- Index = 8.53) “The toilets are so filthy; we can’t let our children use them. We let them pee in a bucket in the house and then we throw it outside. And people from outside come and dump their rubbish her at our place. That not right! Taps are broken; we must get water far from our homes.” Garbage Bins (P-Index = 10) “The garbage trucks come once a week to fetch the rubbish. But look how unfair they are: Mountain View also has homes and families, but they didn’t give us garbage bins. Everyone else got except us. Even the squatters got. That’s why I say, Mountain View is so separate from the rest of Ocean View; we are not part of the same place.” 4. Water C-Index = 5.18 Housing (P-Index = 8.53) “They don’t have running water in the house. They must use communal showers and toilets. It is very unhygienic! ” 5. Food C-Index = 4.62 Food (P-Index = 9.13) “Most of us have a shortage of food. Sometimes you need to go to Money Lenders just to get by. If they lend you a R20,00 you must pay back a R40,00. Its 100% interest.” “The government says education is power, but how can a kid get educated when there’s no food to eat in the mornings.” Poverty (P-Index = 10) “Every family is so poor. If they buy two breads they have to decide whose going to eat and whose going to look on. There is no food.” 6. Energy C-Index = 5.33 Streetlights (P-Index = 4.92) “Ocean View gets very dark. It’s not safe.” 7. Safety C-Index = 1.49 Streetlights (P-Index = 4.92) “We need lights because people are getting raped and killed at night. It’s not safe, because it is acquaintances that often cause you harm.” Robot (P-Index = 6)

Copyright URDR, Stellenbosch University 33 “They drive like it’s a freeway.” Neighbourhood Watch (P-Index = 7.2) “The police don’t patrol often enough.” Human Values (P-Index = 10) “As a result of unemployment the elements of being human in itself, those human values are gone and we do anything! When we have nothing, people do whatever it takes to provide for our families. We rob and are robbed of our dignities. We are so tired of playing a role of somebody else. We just want to be us and we want the world to know that we are in need, we are hungry, and we need something to be done to save our dignity.” Crime/Gangs/Drugs (P-Index = 10) “People are armed, so it’s not safe to walk around in Ocean View. There are gangsters.” “The police are corrupt. They get paid for things by the merchant or the big guys and there is no protection especially for the young kids that are going to school, they are turning out into gangsters and the police are overlooking these things.” “Crime has increased. The prisons are full of young and older men from Ocean View. These men could not handle the pressure of having to provide for their families. People are expected to do skillful work, but for laborer wages. So they were forced to break in and entry, armed robbery and violence.” “The gangs are becoming so powerful. People are too scared to walk around or even to talk about it.” “The gangsters operate from the people’s houses. They do just what they want to.” Poor Police Service (P-Index = 8.22) “I went to the police station about, but they can’t help us; reason being that three quarters of the police staff there speak Xhosa.” “They are corrupt. They work with the gangsters. When a clean up is planned, every ‘smokkel huis’ is tipped off. Certain gangsters have committed crimes, but no follow ups have been done because they are working together. I have reports of police officers that have purchased drugs from gangsters. I also have photos which we took of police officers accepting bribe money from gangsters. So, the entire police system is corrupt.” Shelter/Housing (P-Index = 8.53) “It would be good if there was a Night Shelter where people could stay temporarily when they need to. The Police Station doesn’t want to do it. In Mountain View the need is greater.” Sport Facilities (P-Index = 8.08) “There’s no safe place to play, like a soccer field.” “You can’t play just anywhere. They sell drugs on the ‘landjie’.” “People break into the Multi-Purpose Centre to steal stuff.” Day Hospital (P-Index = 7.49) “Many things happen here at night. We often hear gun shots. The paramedics take their own time to get to us.” 8. Income C-Index = 4.13

Copyright URDR, Stellenbosch University 34 Unemployment (P-Index = 7.18) “Unemployment is a problem; the young people are on the street because they can’t find work even if they have passed matric. Unemployment causes crime, because young people end up doing ‘tik’.” “There is work, but they pay you too little money.” “Because there is so little work, you take whatever comes your way. Most of the time it’s contract work for a few months. But when the contract is over you’re back where you started, just sitting at home.” Free Schooling (P-Index = 10) ”No one is working at home. How can I be expected to pay school fees? I can’t afford it.” “I can’t afford the school fees. And I also think that the schools should give the children free books. Only at Marine the books are free, but at Kleinberg and other schools we must buy the books. Some parents have 3 or 4 children at school. It’s just too expensive.” “It’s embarrassing sending a letter to school with your child because you can’t pay the school fees. And in the meetings, they read out the names of those parents who didn’t pay the school fees.” Poverty (P-Index = 10) “People are starting to break in, stealing geysers and copper pipes to go and sell so that they can have their daily bread.” Crime/Gangs/Drugs (P-Index = 10) “Children see the gangs as the fastest way to earn money. The gangsters have fine jewelry and the children want that.” Food (P-Index = 9.13) “Most of us have a shortage of food. Sometimes you need to go to Money Lenders just to get by. If they lend you a R20,00 you must pay back a R40,00. Its 100% interest. 9. Education C-Index = 3.69 Crèche/Preschool (P-Index = 6.5) “Mountain View’s mothers have to take their children to a crèche outside, because the crèche teachers at the place we have here aren’t able to prepare our kids for school. They are mostly volunteers.” Technical School (P-Index = 7) “We need another high school, but one where you can learn things like arts and culture. You know; if you didn’t get much schooling and you want to learn practical stuff that can help you to find a job. Like Batavia School.” More High Schools (P-Index = 8) “The schools are overcrowded.” Unemployment (P-Index = 7.18) “Its frustrating working as a shelf-packer when you know you’ve gone to school and you can do much better.” 10. Recreation C-Index = 4.76 Youth Centre (P-Index = 10)

Copyright URDR, Stellenbosch University 35 “There are no facilities for our teenagers. There is the Multi-Purpose Centre, but that’s only for the holidays and then programmes include young children also.” Game Shop (P-Index = 9.36) “If there were more activities for young people to keep them busy, then the drug problem would become less.” Sport Facilities (P-Index = 8.08) “Facilities are broken down because there is no one to take care of it.” Playground (P-index = 6.94) “The one we have is old and doesn’t look nice anymore. They rather choose to play in the bush.” 11. Religion C-Index = 6.53 12. Welfare C-Index = 1.93 Poverty (P-Index = 10) “People don’t even want to open their doors to their neighbours anymore. They say ‘yesterday I gave you this and today you want something else’. People don’t want to lend no more. It’s beginning to take its toll. People are beginning to lose their dignity and our human value.” “We don’t want to be rich; we just want to get out of poverty.” “Drugs and alcohol result from poverty. They have enough money to buy one bread, but then still some of the children will go hungry, so they rather drink out their money.” Social Workers (P-Index = 8.63) “They need to be taught because they know nothing.” “The social workers come round once a month and then there’s a hundred people waiting for them.” Rehabilitation Centre (P-Index = 8.4) “I used to be a ‘28’ and I was addicted to drugs, but I left that lifestyle. Now I work in the community, giving drug counseling to the youngsters. You can’t just give them jobs and hope that they will atop doing drugs. Yes, many of them don’t have work, but they also need help to stop the drugs.” “If we could establish an organization, then more sponsors and funding would be pumped into our community.” Social Services (P-Index = 7.75) “If Social Services delivered services then things would come right.” 13. Transport C-Index = 2.80 Roads (P-Index = 6) “The drains get blocked and overflow. It’s dirty and full of germs.” Ambulance (P-Index = 5.56) “There is only one ambulance for this area. And then you still need phone for it at the neighbours because a lot of people don’t have telephones. And sometimes the neighbours don’t want to allow you to phone from their homes.” Post Office (P-Index = 8)

Copyright URDR, Stellenbosch University 36 “We need a Post Office and also more shops. The shops need to stay open for longer hours, they close too early.” Day Hospital (P-Index = 7.49) “Many of us don’t have cars to drive to Fish Hoek to get to a medical facility.” “We need the clinic to be open 24 hours also, because we don’t have transport to take the children to hospital if they get sick at night.” Unemployment (P-Index = 7.18) “If the government or firms could arrange transport for us, then we would be able to work outside of Ocean View.” “It’s difficult to find work outside of Ocean View because we don’t have the money to travel so far out.” Bonding: Average of responses on question 1 = 5.2 Average of responses on question 2 = 7.14 Average of responses on question 3 = 4.24 Total = 16.58 “Amount” of Bonding = 5.5 (possible minimum of 1 and a maximum of 11 ) Conclusions 1. Classification of Needs/Problems: o Needs identified across the age-gender spectrum include: - Unemployment - Poor Police Services - Housing - Crime/Gangs/Drugs o Needs identified by only one focus group includes: Need / Problem Age Group Gender

Rehabilitation Centre 16 – 24 years Male

Neighbourhood Watch 16 – 24 years Male

Technical School 16 – 24 years Male

Human Values 25 – 34 years Male

Poverty 25 – 34 years Male

Social Services + 35 years Male

Post Office + 35 years Male

Game Shop 16 – 24 years Female

Robot 16 – 24 years Female

Roads 16 – 24 years Female

Crèche 16 – 24 years Female

Youth Centre 25 – 34 years Female

Food + 35 years Female

Garbage Bins + 35 years Female

2. Summary from investigation o Religion No mention was made by any of the focus groups regarding needs and/or problems they may have with the church. o Threatened economic sustainability Work is scarce and people seek alternative means to generate income. These means may include theft, robbery and drug trafficking, which in turn results in other social ills. The isolated location of Mountain View and the inaccessibility of a shop for its residents contribute to the resource deficit. o Transport Given the limited financial resources, people cannot afford to travel outside of Ocean View. This not only has implications on job finding, but it also makes health services (ambulance, hospital) inaccessible. o Safety All focus groups have mentioned that they do not feel safe in Ocean View. Gangsterism and drug trafficking is rife and concentrated predominantly amongst the youth. Violent crimes such as rape, murder, assault and domestic violence prevail and the intent of fellow residents is put in question. There is a lack of trust and confidence in public servants (Police, Health Care Workers and Social Workers)

4.4 Secondary data Three secondary sources of data were added as layers of information into the GIS, namely census data, a database from the City of Cape Town Health directorate and crime statistics from SAPS.

4.4.1 Census data Examples of the demographics of The Valley taken from census data were given above.

4.4.2 Health data The results of the analysis of the database showing the causes of death of the CMA population will be given.

The map shows the percentage of people in The Valley who died in 2001 as a result of physical assault. The percentages are shown for each of the smaller areas of The Valley. If one studies the map in conjunction with the legend, only one area, Ocean View, has a slightly higher percentage of people who died due to assault. Ocean View is however in the second lowest group of this cause of death, and the rest are all in the lowest group, indicating a relative low rate of violence in the area in relation to the rest of the CMA.

M A IN FISH HOEK AREA R O C A D H Noordhaven A P M ANS PEAK D Belvedere Noordhoek RIVE Chapmanspeak San Michael San Michele Silver Mine Village Dassenberg

The Lakes E IV Clovelly R D S Fairie Knowe Peers Hill E Sun Valley Y O B Lekkerwater Sunnydale Silverglade Masiphumelele Sunnyacres Kalkbay Noordhoek Risi View Fish Hoek

KO MMETJ Capri Village IE ROAD

B LA CK Kommetjie Ocean View HIL L RO A D D

O R Welcome Glen Glencairn P

A L Rural Area Da Gama Park S Glencairn Heights Cape Town SP

W Glenmarine I T S A N D S R O A D Bayview Bayview Village

Aids related deaths Schusterskraal Mount Pleasant King Edward Rest Simonskloof 0% - 3.17% Boulders Red Hill Seaforth

3.18% - 9.64% Winford Froggy Farm

9.65% - 17.54% Murdock Valley

17.55% - 31.48% Simonstown Rural 31.49% - 55.59% P LA T E A U Roads R O A D

Sources: City Health Directorate, City of Cape Town ² Strategic Information Dept., City of Cape Town

4.4.2.2 The number of HIV/Aids-related deaths

M A IN FISH HOEK AREA R O C A D H Noordhaven A P N M A S PEA K DR Belvedere Noordhoek IVE Chapmanspeak San Michael San Michele Silver Mine Village Dassenberg

The Lakes E IV Clovelly R D S Fairie Knowe Peers Hill E Sun Valley Y O B Lekkerwater Sunnydale Silverglade Masiphumelele Sunnyacres Kalkbay Noordhoek Risi View Fish Hoek

KO MMETJ Capri Village IE ROAD

BL AC KH Kommetjie Ocean View IL L RO A D D

O R Welcome Glen Glencairn P

A L Rural Area Da Gama Park S Glencairn Heights Cape Town SP

W Glenmarine I T S A N D S R O A D Bayview Bayview Village

Aids related deaths Schusterskraal Mount Pleasant King Edward Rest Simonskloof 0% - 3.17% Boulders Red Hill Seaforth

3.18% - 9.64% Winford Froggy Farm

9.65% - 17.54% Murdock Valley

17.55% - 31.48% Simonstown Rural 31.49% - 55.59% P LA T E A U Roads R O A D

Sources: City Health Directorate, City of Cape Town ² Strategic Information Dept., City of Cape Town

The percentage of people in The Valley who died in 2001 as a result of some or other disease together with HIV/Aids is shown on this map. Ocean View is the only area that falls in the legend category of 3.18% to 9.64%.

Copyright URDR, Stellenbosch University 40 4.4.3 Crime data: SAPS a. Sexual crimes (rape, attempted rape). b. Assault (indecent assault, common assault, assault with grievous bodily harm). The next two maps show the boundaries of the police stations in the city of Cape Town. The graduated colours on the maps indicate the intensity to which a certain kind of crime occurs within the service area of a specific police station in relation to the overall occurrence of the same kind of crime in the rest of the City of Cape Town. In other words the darker the colour for a specific area, the higher the incidence of the crime for that area in relation to the rest of the City. The percentages which each colour represents can be seen in the legend of the map. The police stations which service areas that are partially or completely included in the study area are Fish Hoek, Simontown and Ocean View. The boundaries of the study area are indicated in red on the map.

4.4.3.1 Violent crimes/assault

I FISHHOUT HOEK BAY AREA N TABLE VIEW KIRSTENHOF C

% Cases of violent crimes DURBANVILLE B G KRAAIFONTEIN OY E E O C S H D R A PM IVE R G A DR I 0.12% - 0.72% NS PEAK V E

D WEG MUIZENBERG R I E V S E P BOTHASIG A A 0.73% - 1.59% K MILNERTON O U PAROW FISH HOEK

D BELLVILLE A 1.60% - 3.11% O BRACKENFELL R IN GOODWOOD A M

D ROA 3.12% - 5.32% KENSINGTON JIE ET SEA POINT M M K O MAITLAND BELLVILLE SOUTH BL ACK ELSIES RIVER H H IL RAVENSMEAD U L 5.33% - 9.02% WOODSTOCK PINELANDS S OCEAN VIEW RO K A IS D S CAPE TOWN CENTRAL LANGA O N Roads R MOWBRAY O BISHOP LAVIS AD RONDEBOSCH W DELFT I Fish hoek area ATHLONE T S CAMPS BAY A RAVENSMEAD N KUILSRIVIER DS RO MANENBERG R CLAREMONT O A A L D D L GUGULETU I H D

LANSDOWNE E

R NYANGA M WYNBERG A IN RO A D

HOUT BAY DIEPRIVIER PHILIPPI M

KHAYELITSHA I SIMON'S TOWN N

MITCHELLS PLAIN R O A GRASSY PARK MACASSAR D

STEENBERG P L KIRSTENHOF A T E A STRANDFONTEIN SOMERSET WEST U R O AD MUIZENBERG

FISH HOEK STRAND

OCEAN VIEW GORDONS BAY FALSE BAY ²

SIMON'S TOWN POLICE STATIONS IN THE CMA

Sources: South African Police Service Strategic Information Dept. , City of Cape Town

It is evident from the graduated colours that the station of Ocean View has the highest incidence of violent crimes compared to the rest of the study area.

I FISHHOUT HOEK BAY AREA N TABLE VIEW KIRSTENHOF C

% Cases of rape DURBANVILLE B G KRAAIFONTEIN OY E E O C S H D R A PM IVE R G A DR I N K E 0.10% - 0.67% S PEA V

D WEG MUIZENBERG R I E V S E P BOTHASIG A A 0.68% - 1.73% K MILNERTON O U PAROW FISH HOEK

D BELLVILLE A 1.74% - 3.64% O BRACKENFELL R IN GOODWOOD A M

D ROA 3.65% - 6.16% KENSINGTON JIE ET SEA POINT M M K O MAITLAND BELLVILLE SOUTH BL ACK ELSIES RIVER H H IL RAVENSMEAD U L WOODSTOCK PINELANDS S OCEAN VIEW RO 6.17% - 14.23% K A IS D S CAPE TOWN CENTRAL LANGA O N Roads R MOWBRAY O BISHOP LAVIS AD RONDEBOSCH W DELFT I ATHLONE T Fish hoek area S CAMPS BAY A RAVENSMEAD N KUILSRIVIER DS RO MANENBERG R CLAREMONT O A A L D D L GUGULETU I H D

LANSDOWNE E

R NYANGA M WYNBERG A IN RO A D

HOUT BAY DIEPRIVIER PHILIPPI M

KHAYELITSHA I SIMON'S TOWN N

MITCHELLS PLAIN R O A GRASSY PARK MACASSAR D

STEENBERG P L KIRSTENHOF A T E A STRANDFONTEIN SOMERSET WEST U R O AD MUIZENBERG

FISH HOEK STRAND

OCEAN VIEW GORDONS BAY FALSE BAY ²

SIMON'S TOWN POLICE STATIONS IN THE CMA

Sources: South African Police Service Strategic Information Dept. , City of Cape Town

On this map we see the same phenomenon as on the previous map, which depicts the occurrences of violent crimes. Again it is evident from the graduated colours that the station of Ocean View has the highest incidence of sexual crimes/rape compared to the rest of the study area. 5 DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION The feedback of the results will be presented on 4 th March 2005. The Unit also developed a website where the research partners can view the results of the research (www.sun.ac.za/theology/urdr.htm ). 6 CONCLUSIONS In conclusion we want, firstly, to summarise the results and, secondly, direct concluding remarks to the church leaders. Summarising the demographics of The Valley, it seems that the following can be said: • The population in study area grew by 9,314 people from 1996 to 2001; • The study area consists of mostly White people (46.5%), 32.3% Coloured people and 20.3% Black people speaking English (53.2%), Afrikaans (26.8%) and isiXhosa (17.8%) as their first language. The market share of White people declined with 7.4% while the market share of Black people increased with 7.1%; • The average age of the area is 33 years compared to the 28.7 years of the Western Cape Province. This can also be seen with the percentage people older than 50 years living in the area (22.6%);

Copyright URDR, Stellenbosch University 42 • The Anglican (13.1%), Methodist (9.3%) and Catholic (8.9%) denominations are dominant. 17.1% of the people affiliate with no religion; • The percentage of unemployed people grew by 7.8% from 1996 to 15.2% in 2001; • The average income of households per year of R112,629 is higher compared to the provincial average of R76,000. • 19.5% people live in blocks of flats or town/cluster houses. A further 16.5% live in informal dwellings; • 75.6% households have access to piped water in their dwelling. Examination of the GPS phase produces very interesting results. There are a total of 127 Christian places of worship. Most of these churches worship in formal church buildings (49.6%). How do we interpret this - positively or negatively? The answer is: probably a little of both. It can be viewed as a sign of disunity in the Christian community. Some churches certainly do have a history of disruption. The 127 churches are witness to this reality. This is most unfortunate. But one can also view the distribution of churches positively in the sense of their potential impact in The Valley area. Churches are probably the only organisations in the study area that have contact with virtually every household in the community. The distribution definitely adds to the churches’ potential to influence the community. It is difficult to draw conclusions from this study area because of the many small suburbs , each with a different name. There are a total of 48 sub–place names in the study area with an average size of 1,173 people. The ratio is one church for every 444 people. This ratio is relatively small given that the ratio for 14 of the 22 study areas in the Peninsula combined is 952 people per church. Generally speaking, the ratio is smaller in poorer communities. There are possible reasons for this. More affluent people are able to travel to churches further away from them. Concomitantly churches in richer areas possibly have the infrastructure (full-time pastors, telephones, fax lines, e- mail and buildings to serve more people. On the other hand, people in poorer areas mostly have to walk to the church of their preference. There are a number of areas with no churches. However, all the liquor outlets have a heavy impact on the community. There are a total of 166 liquor outlets. What is just as distressing is that there is one outlet for every 339 people. This ratio is again relatively small given that the ratio for 14 of the 22 study areas in the Peninsula combined is 721 people per liquor outlet. Alcohol facilitates other crimes which impact on the community, e.g. violent crimes, especially domestic violence, etc. The number of places where drugs are sold is also high (42 places). What is more disturbing is that they are all found in one area, Ocean View. When one reads this statistic together with the needs analysis report of how the community feels the burden of drugs, gangsterism and crime, a bleak picture emerges. The needs analysis report from Ocean View tells a story of poverty, of persons being caught up in the cycle of gangs, crime/violence, drugs and poor housing. The cluster of crime, lack of security, gangs and drugs recurs as the main problems that need to be addressed. The people are very poor, and do not have resources to improve their circumstances. They are scared of the gangs and the crime, violence and drug abuse which forms part of this culture. The bonding in the community is not particularly strong. Summarizing the report on Ocean View the following stands out. o Threatened economic sustainability Work is scarce and people seek alternative means to generate income. These means may include theft, robbery and drug trafficking, which in turn results in other social ills. The isolated location of Mountain View and the inaccessibility of a shop for its residents contribute to the resource deficit.

Copyright URDR, Stellenbosch University 43 o Transport Given the limited financial resources, people cannot afford to travel outside of Ocean View. This not only has implications on job finding, but it also makes health services (ambulance, hospital) inaccessible. o Safety All focus groups have mentioned that they do not feel safe in Ocean View. Gangsterism and drug trafficking is rife and concentrated predominantly amongst the youth. Violent crimes such as rape, murder, assault and domestic violence prevail and the intent of fellow residents is put in question. There is a lack of trust and confidence in public servants (Police, Health Care Workers and Social Workers).

Concluding remarks on the church as a role-player in development Since the mid-1980s South Africa has gone through far-reaching transformations. The two most prominent ones were getting rid of the yoke of apartheid and the entering into a new democratic dispensation with the first democratic elections held in 1994. The South African population is currently celebrating the 10 th anniversary of these elections. Since 1994 the country has also developed and accepted one of the most liberal constitutions in the world. South Africa is now governed according to a constitution in which human rights are spelled out. The country as whole and local communities are still grappling with the realities of living in a post-apartheid democracy.

It is evident, however, that daunting challenges still face South Africa after the miracle of its peaceful transition. Overwhelming poverty and poverty-related problems, such as the HIV/Aids pandemic, face Africa. South Africa is comprised of both a rich and a poor world. Previously, the apartheid laws marked boundaries between these two worlds. Now, new boundaries are developing along, inter alia, political power and class-related lines. Social transformation, implying the way society and culture change in response to such factors as economic growth, war or political upheavals, is particularly relevant to the continuing transformation of communities in post-apartheid South Africa. Firstly, the paradigm of church leaders must be challenged. Many pastors only live, think and plan within the paradigm of their own local organization. Sometimes, they are guilty of ambitiously building their own kingdoms in their churches. Leaders must focus more on the kingdom of God and the community. Instead of keeping believers inside the church, members should be empowered and mobilised to live “out there.” Thus, when reflecting on community transformation, they should consider strategies that operate at several levels. Churches need to form partnerships with the community, other churches and other role-players. Transformation will not happen at only one level. Secondly, let’s examine the church from a development perspective. Since 1994 South Africans have been living in a secular, pluralist, democratic society . Such a society has various public institutions, organizations and initiatives that fill the public space. Free from government intervention, individuals can organize themselves into autonomous organizations. The church is an example of such an organization, competing with government and business for room in the public space. The church is also a volunteer organization and thus forms part of the dynamics of volunteer organizations, over against the government sector, which has the ability to demand resources by means of threat, power and coercion. The business sector operates with economic power by selling products and services, while volunteer organizations specialise in the power of consensus . People commit to a volunteer organization to the extent that they identify with its vision and values . They

Copyright URDR, Stellenbosch University 44 remain committed to the point that they are able to realise their ideals through the organization. The power of these organizations resides in their values, vision, independence and services that they render to improve the community’s quality of life. On the other hand, such organizations are very sensitive as regards their membership. Therefore, the more vital their vision and values, the greater the number of members! Thus, as a volunteer organization, the church competes for public space by communicating and living a vision and values for the community. A second developmental perspective on the church is its role as agent for development. Traditionally, the church has always been involved in ministries of charity. These services focus on people’s immediate needs, for example, food, housing and medical services, especially during and after wars and natural disasters. In fact, the church probably has the best organized networks locally and internationally for delivering these services. However, if churches accept the challenge to play a role in developing sustainable communities, they should also implement strategies other than merely providing relief. Churches must develop strategies to increase people’s capacities to promote meeting their own needs through self-reliant action (community development). Churches should also adopt strategies that attempt to develop sustainable systems: churches that work with major national role-players to reorient policies and working modes in a sustained process of using and raising resources in such a way that the challenges can be dealt with effectively . Lastly, churches should develop people’s movements: decentralized action to involve people in a movement at grassroots level, where there is less focus on money and resources, and more on motivating social energy in movements. The values underlying these activities are threefold. Firstly, development should be people-centred, that is people must be able to participate in their own development, which must meet basic felt needs. It often happens that churches start ministries in response to perceived needs, not the people’s real needs. Their felt needs are a need to belong, to be significant and important, and a need for a reasonable amount of security. Secondly, development must be sustainable and, thirdly, there should be empowerment of both the helpers and those who are being helped. In conclusion, the Christian religion has the potential to influence the community. The sets of information presented on the Christian religion definitely indicate that the Christian religion does have the potential to promote change. The success of initiatives will depend on: 1. The values/ideas which they employ; the symbols and images they use. Religious ideas about poverty, women and family, the environment, the local community, safety and security, peace, reconciliation, social justice, equity, etc. will have an influence; 2. Leadership - leadership that expresses the desired change and lives it, leadership that walks the talk. These leaders must be prophets who declare the path, affirm the values and act as symbol senders. Alternatively, leadership can be a networking organization; 3. Their capacity to be inclusive and effect unification will create the space for change; 4. The initiative must integrate deep spiritual transformation with social transformation; 5. The potential of the Christian religious group. The internal dynamics of religious communities in The Valley might also influence this potential; 6. The dialectic relationship of the Christian grouping with the larger society. In other words how is the church influencing society and how is society influencing the church? Are the churches very negative towards society, withdrawing their influence and remaining aloof, or do they assertively seek ways to influence society, based on their values, for the better?

Copyright URDR, Stellenbosch University 45 7 REFERENCES Department of Social Development 2002 . Strategic Plan 2002/2003-2004-2005. Pretoria: Government Publications. Froise, M & J. Hendriks. 1999. South African Christian Handbook 1999-2000 . Welkom: Christian Info. Hendriks, HJ & Erasmus J.C. 2003. Religious affiliation in South Africa early in the new millennium: Markinor’s World Value Survey. Journal of Theology for Southern Africa 117, Nov 2003. pp 80-96. HSRC 2000. Media release from the Human Sciences Research Council, 14 November 2000. http://www.hsrc.ac.za/media/2000/11/20001114-1.html Jones, C 1997. Geographical information systems and computer cartography . Addisson- Wesley: Longman. Koegelenberg, R A. 2001. Social development partnerships between religious communities and the state. Journal of Theology for Southern Africa 110, 97-109. Maguire, DJ. 1995. An overview and definition of GIS in Maguire DJ & Goodchild DF & Rhind DW (Eds), Geographical information systems : Principles and applications. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Queralt, M & Witte, AD. 1998. A map for you? Geographical information systems in the social service. Social Work 43, 5: 455-467. Schutte, DeW., 2000. People first – determining priorities for community development , Parow East: Ebony Books. Skweyiya, Z. 2001. Minister Skweyiya’s statement on the men’s march against violence on women and children’s march against violence on women and children. http://www.polity.org.za/html/govdocs/speeches/2001/

8.1 Annexure 1: Variants available from research project 1. GPS 1.1 Places of worship (House, formal church building, school building, other) Christian Muslim Hindu Jewish Traditional African Belief 1.2 Liquor outlets Liquor stores Night clubs Shebeens Hotels Pub/Tavern Other 1.3 Sexual misconduct 1.4 Selling of illegal drugs 2. Needs analysis Report from one area: Ocean View 3. South African Police Service Data Rape Attempted rape Common assault Assault with grievous bodily harm Indecent assault Sexual and/or violent crimes in general 4. Causes of death data – City of Cape Town Health Department TB Aids & TB Aids Drug overdose Maternal deaths (mothers who died during pregnancy or during labour) Transport related deaths

Copyright URDR, Stellenbosch University 47 Assault [Each variant is separately available for women and men. The average age of death in an area is also available] 5. Censuses of 1996 and 2001 (StatsSA) Personal: Gender Populations groups Age groups (0-9; 10-19; 20-34; 35-49; 50+) First language Marital status (20+ years) Religious groups Education (20+ years) Economic: Employment status (15-65 years) Occupation (employed) Industry (employed) Income per household Household: Number of rooms per dwelling Type of dwelling Access to water supply Access to fuel for lighting Gender of head of household Age of head of household Relationship to head of household Year moved to this address (migration)

A comparative analysis describing the demographics of your area!

This report is compiled by: UNIT FOR RELIGION AND DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH

Contact details: Dr. Johannes Erasmus Gerbrand Mans Tel. (021) 808-2614 Tel. (021) 808-2614 Sel. 082 7711 542 Sel. 083 2567 067 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected]

Page

1. General description on report contents 3

2. Description on index-diagrams 4

3. Demographic profile of your area 5

A. Personal variables 5

A.1. Index diagrams on personal variables see attached at back or IndexPersonal.pdf

B. Economic variables 8

B.1. Index diagrams on economic variables see attached at back or IndexEconomic.pdf

C. Household variables 9

C.1. Index diagrams on household variables see attached at back or IndexHouseHold.pdf

What is the report about?

The main content of the report is to provide you with comparative information about your area in relation to a comparative area (CA) or town / city or province for more insight into it's demographic profile.

What information are being looked at?

A. Personal variables: Gender Population groups Age groups First language Marital status (20 years and older) Religious groups Educational qualifications (20 years and older)

B. Economic variables: Employment status (20 years and older) Occupation (employed people) Industry (employed people) Income per household

C. Household variables: Number of rooms per dwelling Type of dwelling Access to water supply Access to fuel for lighting Gender of head of household Age of head of household Relationship to head of household

What are being compared? The comparisons are between: - the way your area changed from 1996 to 2001 according to the 1996 and 2001 census data; - the way your area differs from your CA or town/city according to the 2001 census data

What is an index-diagram? An index-diagram is a graphic representation of the comparison of one group to another, the groups being your area compared to the CA.

How do I interpret an index-diagram? (refer to figure 1) - A diagram consists of axes: * each axis represents a different characteristic (in figure 1, each axis represents the marital status of people)

- Two values are plotted on each axis, these are index values: * the blue line is what the index value of your area would be if there is no difference between it and the CA * the red line is the actual index value of your area

- The comparative indices are calculated in the following way: * an index value of 100 of your area (red line) indicates that it does not differ from the CA. An index value of 150 indicates that your area is 1.5 times the CA average. A value of 50 indicates that your area is estimated to be only one-half of the CA average

* the actual index value of your area (red line) is calculated by taking for example the percentage of people who are married in your area and dividing it by the percentage of people who are married in the whole of the CA and multiplying it by 100, (25% / 10%) * 100 = 250. Therefore 2.5 times the national average

* as has been sad earlier; if there is no difference between the your area’s average and that of the CA, (25% / 25%) * 100 = 100, the index value will always be 100. Therefore, the blue line always runs through the axis where the value is 100.

When looking at the diagram and the way the red line deviates from the blue one, one gets a good idea of the differences there are between your area and the CA with the index value on each axis showing the degree of deviation.

Figure 1: Outset of an index-diagram

TOTAL POPULATION 1996: 47,432 2001: 56,324 DIF: 8,892 HOUSEHOLDS 1996: 14,707 2001: 18,207 DIF: 3,500

The comparative area (CA) in this report is: Western Cape A. Personal Variables Gender 1996 2001 '96 to '01 CA '01 Male 49.17% 48.59% -0.58% 48.49% Female 50.83% 51.41% 0.58% 51.51% Population group 1996 2001 '96 to '01 CA '01 African/Black 13.08% 20.30% 7.22% 26.68% Coloured 32.08% 32.32% 0.23% 53.79% Indian/Asian 0.76% 0.88% 0.12% 1.00% White 54.08% 46.50% -7.58% 18.52% Age group 1996 2001 '96 to '01 CA '01 00 - 09 yrs 15.98% 15.28% -0.70% 18.00% 10 - 19 yrs 15.32% 15.93% 0.61% 19.20% 20 - 34 yrs 25.85% 25.81% -0.03% 27.60% 35 - 49 yrs 19.93% 20.37% 0.44% 20.04% 50 yrs + 22.92% 22.60% -0.32% 15.16% First language 1996 2001 '96 to '01 CA '01 IsiNdebele 0.04% 0.10% 0.06% 0.05% IsiXhosa 10.91% 17.77% 6.86% 23.68% IsiZulu 0.19% 0.54% 0.34% 0.22% Sepedi 0.05% 0.12% 0.07% 0.05% Sesotho 0.23% 0.44% 0.21% 0.71% Setswana 0.11% 0.22% 0.11% 0.13% Siswati 0.01% 0.03% 0.02% 0.04% Tshivenda 0.01% 0.14% 0.12% 0.03% Xitsonga 0.02% 0.05% 0.03% 0.05% Afrikaans 30.11% 26.76% -3.34% 55.26% English 57.37% 53.22% -4.16% 19.34% Language other 0.95% 0.63% -0.32% 0.44%

Copyright: URDR, Stellenbosch University 54 Marital status 1996 2001 '96 to '01 CA '01 Never married 46.83% 17.77% 18.69% 0.92% 21.44% Married civil/Religious 37.22% 62.13% 49.25% -12.88% 43.45% 2.06% Married traditional 2.95% 3.85% 0.90% 4.41% 3.29% Living together 2.79% 7.03% 4.24% 7.58% 4.89% Widower/widow 7.29% 6.74% -0.55% 5.94% Divorced 4.39% 7.08% 5.93% -1.15% 4.48%

Religious groups 1996 2001 '96 to '01 CA '01 Zion Christian churches 0.50% 1.55% 1.05% 2.47% Dutch Reformed churches 9.19% 6.18% -3.02% 15.33% Catholic churches 11.03% 9.18% -1.85% 5.55% Methodist churches 9.52% 9.34% -0.18% 6.86% Pentecostal/Charismatic churches 6.59% 7.81% 1.23% 9.23% Anglican churches 17.03% 13.10% -3.93% 8.57% Apostolic Faith Mission 1.23% 0.12% -1.11% 0.63% Lutheran churches 0.80% 0.66% -0.14% 1.84% Presbyterian churches 2.99% 2.41% -0.58% 1.38% Bandla Lama Nazaretha 0.12% 0.04% -0.08% 0.16% Baptist churches 2.92% 2.79% -0.13% 1.28% Congregational churches 0.51% 1.15% 0.64% 1.49% Orthodox churches 0.24% 0.24% 0.00% 0.07% Other Apostolic churches 10.22% 7.99% -2.23% 13.03% Other Zionist churches 1.62% 1.15% -0.47% 2.55% Ethiopian type churches 0.35% 0.66% 0.31% 1.40% Other Reformed churches 0.22% 0.09% -0.13% 0.23% Other African Independent churches 0.18% 0.42% 0.23% 1.02% Other Christian churches 5.48% 12.03% 6.54% 10.21% Islam 5.35% 4.54% -0.82% 6.56% Hinduism 0.27% 0.22% -0.05% 0.16% Judaism 0.30% 0.25% -0.05% 0.37% African traditional belief 0.00% 0.01% 0.00% 0.02% Other non-christian churches 1.25% 1.05% -0.19% 0.52% No religion 12.19% 17.07% 4.89% 9.21%

Copyright: URDR, Stellenbosch University 55 Educational qualifications 1996 2001 '96 to '01 CA '01 No Schooling 3.50% 2.76% -0.74% 5.80% Grade 0 - 7 14.36% 14.44% 0.08% 23.20% Grade 8 - 11 31.04% 30.05% -0.99% 36.09% Matric only 30.37% 32.64% 2.27% 23.58% Post school qualification 20.73% 20.11% -0.62% 11.33%

A.1. Index-diagrams on personal variables

Gender

Female

Male

0 50 100 150 200

African/Black Population group 300

250

200

150

100

White 0 Coloured

Indian/Asian

35 - 49 yrs 20 - 34 yrs

IsiNdebele Language 500

English 450 IsiXhosa 400 350 300 250 Afrikaans IsiZulu 200 150 100 50 0

Xitsonga Sepedi

Tshivenda Sesotho

Siswati Setswana

Never married Marital status 140

120

100

80 Divorced Married Civil/religious 60

Widow er/w idow Married Traditional

Living together

Ot her non-christ ian churches

African traditional belief

Judaism

Hinduism

Islam

Other Christ ian churches

Ot her Af rican independent churches

Ot her Ref ormed churches

Ethiopian type churches

Ot her Zionist churches

Ot her Apostolic churches

Ort hodox churches

Congregat ional churches

Bapt ist churches

Bandla Lama Nazaret ha

Presbyt erian churches

Lut heran churches

Apost olicf ait hmission

Anglican churches

Pentecostal/Charismatic churches

Met hodist churches

Cat holic churches

Dut ch Ref ormed churches

Zion Christ ian churchers

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

No Schooling Education 180 160 140 120 100 80 Post school qualification 60 Grade 0 - 7 40 20 0

M atric only Grade 8 - 11

Employment status 1996 2001 '96 to '01 CA '01 Employed 53.60% 55.66% 2.06% 48.44% Unemployed 7.38% 15.18% 7.79% 17.15% Not economically active 39.02% 29.16% -9.86% 34.40%

Occupation 1996 2001 '96 to '01 CA '01 Legislators/Senior officials/Managers 10.23% 9.94% -0.28% 6.45% Professionals 14.83% 12.12% -2.70% 7.77% Technicians/Associate professionals 12.66% 12.82% 0.16% 9.65% Clerks 11.94% 12.76% 0.82% 12.39% Service workers/Sales workers 11.70% 14.29% 2.59% 10.97% Skilled agriculture and fishery workers 3.15% 2.70% -0.45% 2.73% Craft related trades 13.87% 11.29% -2.58% 11.39% Plant/Machine operators 3.23% 3.17% -0.06% 7.49% Elementary occupation 18.40% 20.91% 2.50% 31.17%

Industry 1996 2001 '96 to '01 CA '01

Agriculture/Forestry/Fishing 2.80% 4.71% 1.92% 15.30% Mining 1.04% 0.89% -0.15% 0.37% Manufacturing 13.16% 9.87% -3.30% 15.39% Electricity/Gas/Water supply 0.70% 0.26% -0.44% 0.56% Construction 8.99% 7.95% -1.05% 7.62% Whole sale/Retail trade 15.51% 20.60% 5.09% 18.03% Transport/Storage/Communication 4.18% 3.78% -0.40% 4.82% Financial/Insurance/Real estate/Business 14.59% 14.80% 0.21% 11.62% Community/Social services 30.42% 29.92% -0.50% 19.30% Private households 8.62% 7.23% -1.38% 6.99%

Average income per household for one year

1996 2001 '96 to '01 CA '01 R 88,601.19 R 112,629.94 R 24,028.75 R 75,932.31 PLEASE NOTE: 1996 INCOME INFLATED WITH CONSUMER PRICE INDEX

Employed 14 0 Employment

12 0

10 0

8 0

6 0

4 0

2 0

Not Economical Act Unemployed

Industry

Agriculture Forestry Fishing 250

Community Social services 200 M ining 150 100

Financial Insurance Real estate Business 50 M anufacturing 0

Transport Storage Communication Electricity Gas Water supply

Whole sale Retail trade Construction

Legislators Senior officials M anagers 160 Occupation 140 Occupation Elementary occupation Professionals 120

100

40 Plant M achine operators Technicians Associate professionals 20

Craft related trades Clerks

Skilled Agriculture and Fishery workers Service workers Sales workers

Copyright: URDR, Stellenbosch University 60 3. Household Variables Number of rooms per dwelling 1996 2001 '96 to '01 CA '01 1- 2 14.00% 17.87% 3.87% 27.47% 3 - 5 58.19% 57.34% -0.85% 53.30% 6 and more 27.81% 24.79% -3.03% 19.23% Type of dwelling 1996 2001 '96 to '01 CA '01

House on separate stand 60.84% 58.40% -2.44% 65.06% Traditional dwelling 0.31% 2.80% 2.50% 2.27% Flat in block of flats 14.25% 10.65% -3.60% 7.59% Town/cluster/semi-detached house 8.10% 8.85% 0.75% 5.68% House/flat/room in backyard 1.94% 1.37% -0.56% 2.17% Informal dwelling/shack in backyard 3.91% 7.39% 3.48% 4.00% Informal dwelling/shack elsewhere 8.63% 9.08% 0.45% 12.14% Room/flatlet on shared property 1.66% 0.61% -1.05% 0.74% Caravan/tent 0.36% 0.80% 0.44% 0.31% Other 0.01% 0.05% 0.04% 0.03% Watersupply access for household 1996 2001 '96 to '01 CA '01

Piped water in dwelling 86.81% 75.57% -11.24% 68.31% Piped water on site 7.01% 16.90% 9.89% 18.85% Public tap 5.73% 6.91% 1.19% 11.36% Borehole / rainwater tank / well 0.06% 0.00% -0.06% 0.25% Dam / river / stream / spring 0.14% 0.09% -0.14% 0.32% Other 0.26% 0.09% -0.17% 0.91%

Access to fuel for lighting 1996 2001 '96 to '01 CA '01

Electricity direct from authority 91.24% 94.85% 3.61% 90.30% Electricity from other source 0.27% 0.13% -0.14% 0.11% Gas 0.32% 0.28% -0.04% 0.27% Paraffin 5.00% 3.77% -1.23% 5.32% Candles 3.17% 0.92% -2.25% 3.89%

Male 72.39% 63.82% -8.57% 66.37% Female 27.66% 36.85% 9.20% 34.64% Age of head of household 1996 2001 '96 to '01 CA '01 15 - 19 yrs 0.31% 0.64% 0.33% 0.89% 20 - 29 yrs 11.60% 12.82% 1.22% 15.34% 30 - 59 yrs 59.82% 58.47% -1.34% 65.88% 60 + yrs 28.28% 28.07% -0.21% 17.89%

Relationship to head of household 1996 2001 '96 to '01 CA '01 Head of household 33.37% 32.93% -0.44% 27.69% Husband/wife/partner 21.49% 19.65% -1.84% 16.03% Son/daughter 34.82% 33.86% -0.96% 38.00% Brother/sister 2.37% 3.28% 0.91% 3.22% Father/mother 0.95% 1.43% 0.49% 1.26% Grandchild 3.88% 3.89% 0.01% 7.31% Other-relative 3.12% 4.95% 1.83% 6.48%

Year moved to town Your Area Neighbouring Area

earlier than '96 77.46% 82.21% 1996 0.97% 0.65% 1997 3.44% 2.28% 1998 4.03% 3.00% 1999 4.62% 3.80% 2000 5.11% 4.02%

2001 5.34% 4.69%

1-2 Rooms per dwelling 140

120

100

6 and more 3-5

Type of dwelling

House on separate stand 300

Caravan/tent 250 Traditional dwelling 200

150

100

Room/flatlet on shared property 50 Flat in block of flats

Informal dwelling/shack elsewhere Town/cluster/semi-detached house

Informal dwelling/shack in backyard House/flat/room in backyard

Piped wat er in dwelling Water supply 120

100

Dam river st ream spring 40 Piped wat er on sit e

Borehole rainwat er tank well Public tap

100

Candles 40 Electricity from other source

Paraffin Gas

15 - 19 yrs 160 Household head age

140

120

100

60+yrs 0 20 - 29 yrs

30 - 59 yrs

Head of household 140 Relationship to head

120

100 Other-relative Husband/wife/partner 80

Gandchild Son/daughter

Father/mother Brother/sister