Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission Biologist Report Allegheny Reservoir Warren County Spring 2014 Gill Net, Trap Net and Boat Electrofishing Surveys ______
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Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission Biologist Report Allegheny Reservoir Warren County Spring 2014 Gill Net, Trap Net and Boat Electrofishing Surveys ________________________________________________________________________________ One of several large female Walleyes (29 inch, 7.5 pounds) captured in Allegheny Reservoir, spring 2014. Kinzua Dam (one of the largest dams constructed east of the Mississippi River), known locally as “Kinzua”, impounds the 12,085 acre Allegheny Reservoir that covers 28.2 miles of the upper Allegheny River. The impoundment is owned and operated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (ACOE). Constructed in 1964, the purpose of Allegheny Reservoir’s large storage volume was to augment and regulate flow to improve downstream use; reservoir management yield the following benefits: (1) flood control, (2) enhanced recreational water quality, (3) accounting for registered water withdrawals (e.g., consumptive uses such as public water supply and non-consumptive uses such as cooling water), (4) maintenance of navigation for commercial traffic on both the Allegheny and upper Ohio Rivers, and (5) other benefits. Associated with the Reservoir is a smaller (110 acres, 73 feet deep) upper reservoir that was constructed for hydroelectric power generation at the 435-megawatt Seneca Pumped Storage Generating Station facility. Thus the reservoirs capacity also accommodates power generation. 1 The reservoir maintains a summer pool elevation of 1394 feet has a maximum depth of 130 feet and experiences an annual winter draw-down of 25 feet. The reservoir’s hydrography is characterized as steep-sided and vast; it spans three counties including Warren and McKean in Pennsylvania and Cattaraugus in New York. Pennsylvania’s portion of the reservoir, at 7,783 acres, is completely surrounded by the Allegheny National Forest (ANF). New York’s portion (4,297 acres) lies within Allegany State Park and Allegany Indian Reservation of the Seneca Nation. The 513,237 acres that comprise the ANF provides excellent opportunities for recreational activities, including boating, fishing, hunting, swimming, hiking, camping, cross-country skiing, snowmobiling, mountain biking, and riding ATV’s. The reservoir is popular among recreational boaters and jet skiers who take advantage of the lake’s unlimited horsepower regulations. Also contained within the project area are nine public boat launch sites, a 335-boat-space mooring facility, approximately 1,800 vehicle parking spaces and 414 trailer parking spaces. Over 99% of the reservoir’s shoreline is open to fishing with approximately 50 access points for shore fishermen. For those who like to fish large waters during the winter months, ice fishing is also permitted. The following web link http://visitanf.com/allegheny- reservoir/ is a good source to learn more about the various recreational opportunities surrounding the Allegheny Reservoir. The Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission (PFBC) stocks the reservoir annually with warm-water species that include Walleye fry; Muskellunge, and Channel Catfish fingerlings. As part of the put- grow-take stocking program, the reservoir also receives annual stockings of Brown Trout and Rainbow Trout fingerlings. Brook Trout fingerlings are also stocked in the reservoir but only when there is a surplus of fish available to be stocked. All fish harvest is guided by Statewide Regulations for Commonwealth Inland Waters. In order to improve angler opportunities for catching sport fish the PFBC, Kinzua Fish & Wildlife Foundation, New York Department of Environmental Conservation (NYDEC) and Seneca Nation of Indians (SNI) have placed fish habitat structures throughout the reservoir. The PFBC’s Habitat Management Division advertises the specific locations by providing latitude and longitude coordinates of all fish habitat structures placed within the Allegheny Reservoir. The purpose of this report is to provide information about the Reservoir, describing in particular sport fish monitoring conducted by the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission in 2014. What follows is an accounting of our assessment findings designed to assess the current status of fish populations. Survey gear types utilized in 2014 included: six panel experimental gill nets, Pennsylvania-style trap nets, and night-time boat electrofishing (NTBEF). Additionally, we wanted to evaluate the success of our stocking programs to determine if we were meeting the minimum criteria for producing high quality fisheries based on the Walleye, Muskellunge and Channel Catfish statewide management plans. Captured fish were measured for total length and a sub-sample (10 fish from each 1 inch size grouping) was weighed to the nearest gram. Additionally, otoliths (Walleye, Yellow Perch), pelvic fin rays (Northern Pike & Muskellunge), anal fin rays (Yellow Perch) and scale samples (all game and panfish) were collected in order to accurately measure age and compute growth statistics. Relative abundance, or catch rate, of fish collected, was expressed as catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE); or number of targeted fish collected per unit of time gear was deployed or “fishing”. Spring NTBEF Walleye Sampling: Our first survey utilizing night boat electrofishing targeted Walleye in the early spring and occurred over three consecutive nights on March 8th, 9th, & 10th at three locations: Willow Bay (historical site), Upper Kinzua Arm, and Kinzua Dam Area. A total of 9 runs (~30 min. each) totaling 6.57 hours of effort revealed a good Walleye population with 56 total fish captured yielding an overall catch rate 2 (CPUE) of 8.52 fish per hour; catch rate by location was also computed (Table 1). Captured Walleye ranged from 4 – 25 inches in length with 38% of legal size (≥ 15 inches). The largest Walleye, captured in Willow Bay, measured 25 inches and weighed over 5 pounds. Interestingly, 20 of the 31 Walleye captured at the Kinzua Dam Breast location were yearlings (<200 mm). Table 1. Nighttime boat electrofishing Walleye catch summary statistics at three sites on the Allegheny Reservoir. Upper Kinzua 2014 Sampling Results Arm Willow Bay Kinzua Dam Date of Survey April 8th, 2014 April 9th, 2014 April 10th, 2014 Time electrofished (hrs.) 2.25 2.42 1.90 Total Walleye captured 4 21 31 Number of Walleye captured ≥ 15 inches 3 18 0 Total CPUE (# fish collected per hour) 1.77 8.68 16.32 CPUE ≥ 15 inches (# fish collected per hour) 1.33 7.44 0 Largest Walleye collected 18 inches 25 inches 13 inches *Other species captured included: Northern Pike, Yellow Perch, Largemouth Bass, Rock Bass, Silver Redhorse, Golden Redhorse, Bluegill, White Sucker, Quillback, Golden Shiner and Common Carp. PFBC Fisheries Biologist Brian Ensign & ACOE Fisheries Biologist Carl Nim with two legal size Walleye captured during NTBEF in Willow Bay, spring 2014. 3 Spring Gill Netting: During the week of April 14th, 2014 personnel from the PFBC, SNI, ACOE and U.S. Forest Service (USFS) conducted a week long gill net survey of the Allegheny Reservoir. A total of 36 six-panel experimental gill nets were set in water depths ranging from 4 to 15 feet over 24 hour intervals at historical sites that encompassed 802.93 total hours of fishing effort. A total of 736 fish were caught representing 20 different species (Table 2). Since 1977, experimental gill nets have been the preferred sampling gear used to characterize the fish populations due to the reservoir’s depth and steep sidedness. The last gill net survey was conducted in 2009. Table 2. Species, abundance, size range, and CPUE of fish collected in gill nets at Allegheny Reservoir during the week of April 14th, 2014. Number Size Range CPUE Species Collected (inches) (fish / 100 hours) Walleye 275 9 – 29 34.25 Northern Pike 67 12 – 38 8.34 Muskellunge 3 34 – 42 0.37 Channel Catfish 2 25 – 28 0.25 Smallmouth Bass 19 12 – 20 2.37 Yellow perch 48 7 – 12 5.98 Rock Bass 20 5 – 9 2.49 White Bass 19 10 – 14 2.37 White Crappie 14 8 – 12 1.74 White Perch 6 8 – 11 0.75 Silver Redhorse 113 9 – 24 14.07 Golden Redhorse 26 7 – 19 3.24 Smallmouth Redhorse 46 8 – 20 5.73 White Sucker 35 10 – 21 4.36 Northern Hog Sucker 2 11 – 13 0.25 Quillback 1 21 0.12 Common Carp 16 8 – 25 1.99 Rainbow Trout - Hatchery 12 9 -12 1.49 Brown Trout - Hatchery 10 10 - 19 1.25 Brook Trout - Hatchery 2 10 - 11 0.25 TOTAL 736 The highlight of the 2014 gill net survey included the capture of 275 Walleye, a substantial increase over the previous survey. Walleye (37%) were the most frequently caught and abundant species in 4 gill nets. The timing of our survey yielded representative measures of relative abundance as most species captured were engaged in movement associated with spawning. Experimental gill net gear, a passive gear, relies upon fish movement for effective capture. Walleye captured ranged in size from 9 - 29 inches with 166 (60%) being of legal size (≥ 15 inches; Figure 1). A number of fish between 12 to 17 inches were observed, an encouraging sign for anglers, as the reservoir’s Walleye population is currently providing good numbers of harvestable size fish. However, the high catch of sublegal Walleye suggests that fishing should continue to be good in the future. Our overall Walleye catch was the 5th highest on record and more than twice the amount compared to the previous 2009 survey. Furthermore, this year’s catch rate of 34.25 fish/100 gill net hours was the 4th highest on record and well above the long-term mean of 27.45 fish/100 gill net hours for the 1991-2014 periods (Figure 2). 70 60 Walleye 50 40 30 Number of of Number individuals 20 10 0 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 29 Length (inches) Figure 1. Length frequency distribution of Walleye captured by gill nets in Allegheny Reservoir, spring 2014. 5 60.0 Walleye ≥ 20 in.