Tamaricaria, Elegans Royle Preoccupation of the Epithet

BLUMEA 24 (1978) 151-155

Tamaricaria, a new genus of Tamaricaceae

M. Qaiser & S.I. Ali

Botany Department, University of Karachi

Summary

A new monotypic genus Tamaricaria Qaiser & Ali of Tamaricaceae is described with a new combination i.e. Tamaricaria elegans (Royle) Qaiser & Ali.

established the and differentiated the Desvaux (1825) genus Myricaria it by presence of

monadelphous stamens and the seeds mostly bearing a stipitate coma, while in Tamarix

stamens always free and the seeds have a sessile coma at the are apex. Ehrenberg (1827) and also accepted the two genera Tamarix Myricaria on the basis of the characters given

by Desvaux. De Candolle (1828) followedhis predecessors and emphasized monadelphous

stamens as key character for Myricaria. Royle (1835) described 2 new species of Myricaria

from Kashmir (i.e. M. elegans and M. bracteata). Bentham & Hooker/. (1862) emphasized the character of for this monadelphous stamens genus and described a new species M.

with a sessile the of both prostrata coma. Maximowicz (1889) accepted presence types of seeds seeds with without the (i.e. and stipitate coma) in Myricaria. Hence, presence of

stamens is the character which be used for monadelphous only can distinguishing Myricaria from Tamarix.

A critical examination of the material available in different herbaria, revealed that the

known does fit the plant presently as Myricaria elegans Royle not in genus Myricaria due to the of free presence stamens.

Baum transferred it (1966) Myricaria elegans Royle to Tamarix, giving a new name, Tamarix ladachensis because of the preoccupation ofthe epithet elegans under Tamarix. He himself mentioned the miique characters i.e. 'this is the only species of Tamarix with flat

leaves and beaked seeds'. Bobrov (1967) transferred it back to Myricaria and restored its old name Myricaria elegans Royle.

The electron of the indicates that these scanning microscopy pollen grains are also very different from thoseof their Myricaria in sculpturing pattern.The sculpturing is reticulate

in the taxon while in other it present (plate I, a-c), Myricaria species (studied so far) is areolate and not perforated. Thus, Myricaria elegans Royle resembles Tamarix in having and free stamens reticulate pollen grains but differs from it in having normal leaves, sessile

and In leaves stigma, seeds with stipitate coma. Tamarix the are always reduced to scale like the The structures, styles are conspicous, and the seeds lack stipitate coma. pollen

of this similar to those of but differ grains species are Tamarix in sculpturing pattern in

size. In the the are than m in while all present taxon, pollen grains more 27fx diameter, in of the less than the species Tamarix pollen are in diameter grains 23 fim (Qaiser, 1976). the Myricaria elegans Royle not only differs from both genus Tamarix and the other members of Myricaria morphologically, but is also quite different in its chemical con-

1) Part of the thesis, approved by the University ofKarachi, for the award of Ph.D. degree. BLUMEA VOL. No. 1978 152 24, I,

Tamaricaria b. c. d. f. Figure I. elegans. a. twig; flower; bract; petal; e. androecium; seed; g. ovary. M. S. I. Ali: Tamaricaceae Qaiser & Tamaricaria,a new genus of 153

The of unidentified aminoacid 'C' makes distinct from both stituents. presence it very is in is in genera. Ellagic acid, which present Tamarix, absent this taxon. Likewise, antho- other of this cyanadin, which is present in species Myricaria, is not present in species. The all presence of an unidentified phenolic acid, which is absent from the other members of

it Tamaricaceae, gives a unique position. (Qaiser, 1976).

of the discussed above & Ali In view points a new genus Tamaricaria Qaiser is being described here to accomodate this taxon. As the name indicates it occupies an intermediate position between the two genera Tamarix and Myricaria by sharing the common characters ofboth.

TAMARICARIA Qaiser & Ali, gen. nov.

Myricaria Desv. sect. Parallelantherae Ndz. in E. &P., Nat. Pfl. Fam. 3, 6 (1895) 296. — Myricaria Desv.

series Bot. Zhurn. Elegantae Bobrov, 52 (1967) 930, p.p.

Frulex Folia vel procerus. non squamata, alterna, exstipulata, sessilia, elliptico-lanceolata oblongo-ovata. Bracteae Spicae laterales, raro terminales. lanceolatae ovatae. Calyces quinquelobi,lobis triangulato-ovatis.

Petala 5, libera, inserta infra discum obsoletum. Stamina io, filamentis liberis non monadelphis, alterne longioribus et brevioribus, antherae sagittatae, persistentes. Stigma 3-lobum, capitatum,scssiliuni; ovarium pyramidatum, placenta basali, ovulis pluribus. Semina plura, rostrata, comata ad basin.

Tall shrub. Leaves not reduced or scale like, alternate, exstipulate, sessile, elliptic- lanceolate to oblong-ovate. Calyx 5-lobed, lobes triangular-ovate. Petals 5, free, inserted below almost and the obsolete disc. Stamens 10, alternately long short, free, never monadelphous; anthers sagittate, persistent. Stigma 3-lobed, capitate, sessile; ovary pyramidal with basal ovules Seeds placentas, numerous. many, beaked at apex, base comose.

Asian A monotypic genus, basically a Central element, distributed in the Western Himalayas, Northern Tibet, South and West Kashgharia (Yarkand).

worth that & Fl. Ind. It is mentioning Arnott (in Wight Arnott, Pen. Or. 1, 1834:40) the created a genus Trichaurus Arn., enumerating partially same morphological characters as of Tamaricaria Qaiser & Ali, particularly ofbeaked seeds (in seeds with stipitate coma).

Unfortunately, the species which he transferred under Trichaurus i.e. Trichaurus ericoides

(Rottl. & Willd.) Arn. (Basionym: Tamarix ericoides Rottl. & Willd.; Lectotype: Ges.

Naturf. Freunde Berlin Neue Schriften 4,1803:214, t. 4) and the specimen which Arnott had quoted from Peninsula India Orientalis Wight 95 J (E! & P!), being devoid ofbeaked with seeds, agree Tamarix. It is not unlikely that Arnott might have based his description on some foreign element, which had beaked seed. Decaisne (1843) followed Arnott and of under Trichaurus described one species Tamarix i.e. T. aucherianus Decaisne and transferred under this of these have the charac- Tamarix pycnocarpa DC. genus. But none taxa Tamarix. ters of beaked seeds, therefore these species were finally transferred to the genus

Tamaricaria elegans (Royle) Qaiser & Ali, comb. nov. — Fig. 1

Bot. 6 Brit. Myricaria elegans Royle, Illustr. Himal. 1, (1835) 214; Dyer in Hook./., Fl. Ind. 1 (1874) 250;

For. & ed. Bot. Zhurn. Parker, Fl. Punj. Haz. 3 (1956) 26; Bobrov, USSR. 52 (1967) 931.

ll with brown blackish brown Shrub, 3—4 m ta reddish to bark, branches spreading-

8— straight, glabrous. Leaves 15 mm long, 3 —4 mm broad, entire, subobtuse, with attenuate base. Racemes io—25 cm long, I—1.5 cm broad, sterile for a considerable length. Bracts herbaceous, acute-acuminate, 3 —4 mm long, 1.5—2 mm broad, pedicel with flowers. fused about halfof their lobes 2.5—3 mm long 5—7 mmlong Sepals length, ovate to triangulate-ovate, 2.5—3(—3.5) mm long, 1.0—2.5 mm broad. Petals obovate to obovate-oblong, rarely slightly notched on one side, 5 —7 mm long, 3 —4 mm broad.

somewhat dilated the shorter filaments Stamens 10, at base, 3 mm, longer 4 mm long; BLUMEA No. 154 VOL. 24, I, 1978

anthers 1.5 mm long. Stigma very minutely 3-lobed, sessile; ovary triquetrous-pyramidal,

—8 broad. Seeds beak 7 mm long. Capsule 8—10 mm long, 2—3 mm beaked, comosc from the apex.

Holotype: Lippa in Kunawar, Royle s.n. (LIV!).

Chitral Dist.: _ S. A. Bowes — Naltar near stream, 11,000 Yarkhun, _ Lyon 967 (BM). Gilgit: valley, Gilgit, ± ft, R. R. Stewart 26464 (BM; RAW); common along Naltar Nallah,A. Gliafoor & Z. L. Butt 781 (KUH).—

R. C Kashmir: Kashmir, Strachey 20/2 (K); Khordong George at 12,000' down to Shyok Valley, Clifford 22 left side of Nubra (K); Dras Valley, Kashmir, c. 9,200 ft., B. B. Osmaston 112 (K); Valley, Schlagintweit 2243 left side of the North of ok (G); Shyok River, across pass, Digger, Schlagintweit 6954 (G); Rongdu, Shy Valley, ± 10,970 ft., R. C. F. Schomburg 29 (BM); Kashmir, F. Ludlow 8344 (BM); near Lippa, Bashar State,

— Hushe F. J. H. Lace 1127 (E). Baltistan: Valley, Ludlow 353 (BM, K); Royle (G); Hushe River valley,

N. & 3 miles of Kandu, Grady Webster Nasir 3953 (G, K, RAW); SatpuraLake, c. 4.5 miles South of Skardu,

Webster & Nasir Kandu to Nasir & Webster ± 10,000 ft, 3843 (G, RAW); Hushu, 3943 (RAW); Upper M. A. Y. Nasir & Z. Satpura Nallah, Baltistan, ± 10,000 ft, Siddiqui, Ali 4146(K, RAW); Marpu Nullah,

II—12,000 ft,J. F. Duthie 11834 (BM); Satpura Nullah, above Skardu ±9,000', R. R. Stewart 20308

R. Biafo (RAW); Barpu Glaciers, Oblaition Valley, right bank, 9 —11,000' S. Russel 1143 (BM); Glaciers, R. R. Stewart Karakorum Bashir Hans Hartmann 960 (RAW); ibid, 21039 (RAW); Pass, Raja s.n. 1902; R. R. Stewart 20600 R. (RAW); Thallela, Baltistan, (RAW); Hispar Valley, Karakorum, 9—11,000 ft, S.

Russel 1183 (BM, E); Karakorum, C. B. Clarke 30106 (BM); ibid, C. B. Clarke 10/77 (K); near Sat Village,

W. M. Ka Conway 14 (K); ibid, Yarkand Expedition,Henderson s.n., 1872 (K); Ladakh, Karabu, 8—10,000 ft.

C. C. Burtt 13 (E).

Distribution: India, Pakistan, Tibet, China, & Russia.

Flowering period: June—August.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We are highly indebted to the Directors, Librarians, and the other staffmembers ofthe folio wingherbaria for their generous help and extending all required facilities: Karachi University Herbarium (KUH); National (previously Stewart) Herbarium Rawalpindi (RAW); Botany Herbarium, Pakistan Forest Institute Peshawar (PFI-B); Agriculture University Herbarium Lyall- pur; Botanisches Museum Berlin, Dalhem, Germany (B); British Museum of Natural History, London, U.K. (BM); Botanical Museum and Herbarium, Copenhagen, Denmark (C); Royal Botanic Garden,

Edinburgh, U.K. (E); Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques, Geneve (G); Herbarium,Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, U.K. (K); The Linnean Society ofLondon, London, U.K. (LINN); City Museum Liverpool, U.K. (LIV); Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Laboratoire de Phanerogamic, Paris, France (P); Natur- historisches Museum, Wien, Austria (W).

We also Professor V. of for are gratefulto H. Heywood, University Reading, giving an opportunity to

in one of us (M. Qaiser) to work on Scanning Electron Microscope his department.

States of this research under Thanks are also due to the United Department Agriculture for financing P.L.480.

REFERENCES

A. in R. G. ARNOTT, G. 1834, Wight & A. Arnott, Prodromus Florae Peninsulae Indiae orientalis 1:40. Allen & Co., London.

B. A of the Tamarix: Ph. D. thesis. Hebrew BAUM, 1966. monograph genus 1—193, University. BENTHAM, G., & J. D. HOOKER, 1867. Genera Plantarum ad examplaria imprimisin herbariis kewensibus

servata definita. 1:159. London. definiendi. BUNGE, A. V. 1852. Tentamen Generis Tamaricum species accuratius pp. 85, Dorpat.

COOKE, T. 1901. The flora ofthe Presidency of Bombay 1:74—76.

In Y. dans I' Inde les ann<5es 1828 1832. DECAISNE.J. 1843, Jacquemont,Voyage par Jacquemont pendant a Plantae India orientali Paris. Botanique, rariores, quas in collegit V. Jacquemont 4: MAXIMOWICZ, C.J. 1889. Hora Tangutica. Sive enumeratio plantarumregiones Tangut(Amdo) Provinciae

Kausu nec non Tibetiae Praesertin orientali borealis. 1:94—98. Atque Tscidam.

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QAISER, M. 1976. Biosystematic study ofthe family Tamaricaceae from Pakistan. Ph.D. Thesis, University

of Karachi.

W. STEWART, R. R. 1972. An annotated catalogue of vascular plants of Pakistan and Kashmir. Karachi.

TALBOT, W. A. 1909. Forest flora of BombayPresidency and Sind. 1:84—88. Poona. M. & S. I. An: Qaiser Tamaricaria, a new genus of Tamaricaceae 155\I

Plate S.E.M. of Tamarix I. photographs pollen grains. a. stricta, showing reticulate sculpturing, X 6320; b. Tamaricaria elegans, ditto, X 4750; c. Myricaria germanica subsp. alopecuroides. showingareolate sculpturing, X 4750.