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Republique Algerienne Democratique Et Populaire Ministere De L'enseignement Superieur Et De La Recherche Scientifique Universi REPUBLIQUE ALGERIENNE DEMOCRATIQUE ET POPULAIRE MINISTERE DE L’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPERIEUR ET DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE UNIVERSITE ORAN 1 AHMED BEN BELLA Laboratoire Réseau de Surveillance Environnementale FACULTE DES SCIENCES DE LA NATURE ET DE LA VIE DEPARTEMENT DE BIOLOGIE Thèse présentée par elle M BELLAL AMEL Pour obtenir LE DIPLOME DE DOCTORAT Spécialité: Sciences de l’environnement Option: Biodiversité Biodiversité des parasites chez trois poissons Sparidés Diplodus sargus (Linné, 1758), Diplodus annularis (Linné, 1758) et Lithognathus mormyrus (Linné, 1758) de la côte occidentale algérienne. Soutenu le 00/00/2018 devant: PRÉSIDENT: A.BOUTIBA Professeur, Université Oran 1 EXAMINATEUR: Z.RAMDANE Professeur, Université Abderrahmane Mira-Bejaia EXAMINATEUR: L. MESLI Professeur, Université de Tlemcen EXAMINATEUR : A.MEDDOUR Professeur, Université Badji Mokhtar d’Annaba EXAMINATEUR : S.DERMECHE Maitre de Conférences A, Université Oran1 PROMOTEUR: N.A. BRAHIM TAZI Maitre de Conférences A, Université Oran 1 REMERCIEMENTS C’est plus que de la reconnaissance ou des remerciements dont je suis redevable et que j’exprime ici à notre cher et regretté le Professeur Zitouni BOUTIBA. Sa passion pour la recherche, sa rigueur scientifique, sa disponibilité ont largement contribué à l’accomplissement de ce travail. Je reste encore marquée par ses qualités humaines, qu’il repose en paix dans son vaste paradis. Je tiens à remercier chaleureusement ma directrice de thèse MELLE N.A. BRAHIM TAZI, maître de Conférences au Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, de l’Université Oran1 Ahmed ben Bella. J’ai eu la chance de réaliser ma thèse sous sa direction. Merci pour votre amitié, pour notre quotidien au labo rendu plus agréable, vous m’avez aidé tout au long de cette étude, avec vos conseils et vos encouragements, mais aussi en participant activement aux expérimentations. J’ai beaucoup apprécié sa disponibilité, ses qualités humaines et professionnelles. La confiance qu’elle a manifestée, en me laissant une liberté d’initiative sur différents aspects, m’a été très formatrice. J’ai eu le plaisir de partager avec vous des moments inoubliables de ma vie. Qu’elle trouve ici toute ma gratitude. Je tiens à remercier MR M. BOUDERBALA, Responsable du Laboratoire Réseau de Surveillance Environnementale (LRSE), du Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, de l’Université d’Oran1Ahmed ben Bella, Votre présence parmi les membres du jury est un grand honneur. Je voudrais aussi remercier Mme A.BOUTIBA, Professeur au Département de Biologie Faculté des Sciences de l’Université d’Oran1, qui me fait l’honneur de présider ce jury. Je lui suis particulièrement reconnaissante d’avoir accepté cette charge. J’aimerai spécialement présenter ma reconnaissance infinie à Monsieur A. MEDDOUR, Professeur à Université Badji Mokhtar d’Annaba, pour m'avoir fait l’honneur de participer au Jury et d’avoir accepter d’examiner mon travail. J’adresse mes remerciements à MR L. MESLI, Professeur à Université de Tlemcen, pour m’avoir corrigé ce manuscrit avec un regard bien avisé. Je remercie particulièrement Mme S. DERMECHE, Maitre de Conférences A, Université Oran1, pour s’être intéressé à mon travail, en acceptant de faire parti de ce jury, qu’il me soit permis de lui exprimer ma sincère gratitude. Ma gratitude va également à Monsieur Z. RAMDANE, Professeur à l’Université d’Abderrahmane Mira-Bejaia, pour m’avoir corrigé ce manuscrit malgré ses préoccupations. Je présente mes sincères remerciements aussi à Monsieur CHAHROUR pour l’aide et le soutien qu’ils m’ont apporté en divers occasions. Merci à M elle Houaria, Technicienne au laboratoire de L.R.S.E, pour sa gentillesse, sa sympathie, et son soutien. Je tiens à présenter mes remerciement les plus vifs, au Professeur F.J AZNAR, de m’avoir accueillis au sein de son laboratoire (Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y biologia Evolutiva de Universitat de Valencia (Espana). Et d’avoir mis à ma disposition tous les moyens techniques. Je remercie également les Professeurs BALBUENA et PACO, d’avoir apportés via leur expérience dans l’identification des parasites certaines précisions et confirmations. Je n'oublierai pas non plus d'exprimer ma gratitude à ceux qui m'ont encouragé durant cette thèse MR O.ROUANE, Mme D. MARZOUG, Mme S. ABID KACHOUR, Mme F.HADDAD et MR N. HADDAD. Je remercie très particulièrement mon père et ma mère et ma sœur lynda et soumeya, Amine et Mustapha ainsi que Benachenhou fatiha et khadidja, Essahli arwa, charane mustapha, Hadjou zakia, Rima mohamed, Tahri amina et Elmulsi ebrahim, qui m’ont aidés et soutenue tout le long de mes études. Ils m’ont toujours, encouragée dans mes démarches et mes choix. Je ne serai clore cette page sans remercier, tous les membres enseignants et chercheurs du LRSE dont l’enseignement si riche a sûrement été d’un précieux apport à la réalisation de ma formation. J'ai sûrement oublié des gens, je jure que ce n'est pas volontaire mais une thèse de doctorat a un effet désastreux sur la mémoire. RESUME Notre travail de recherche est basé sur la connaissance de la taxinomie des parasites des poissons de la côte ouest algérienne. Ainsi, cette étude a porté sur la diversité des Helminthes parasites de trois poissons sparidés, Diplodus sargus (Linné, 1758), Diplodus annularis (Linné, 1758) et Lithognathus mormyrus (Linné, 1758) du littoral ouest algérien. Un total de 686 individus de Poissons, dont 240 appartenant à Diplodus sargus, 221 à Diplodus annularis et 235 à Lithognathus mormyrus, a été examiné entre Mars 2013 et Avril 2016. Une étude morpho-anatomique et morpho-métrique a été réalisé sur les différentes espèces de Digénes chez les trois hôtes. Nous avons également examiné les critères morpho anatomiques des Monogènes, Nématodes, Acanthocéphales et Cestodes récoltés chez l’ensemble des espèces hôtes. De ce fait, l’identification des différentes espèces de parasites nous a permis de recenser: Chez Diplodus sargus, 14 espèces de Digénes (Lepidauchen stenostoma, Arnola microcirrus, Magnibursatus bartolii, Proctoeces maculatus, Galactosomum sp, Holorchis pycnoporus, Lepocreadium album, Lepocreadium pegorchis, Wardula sarguicola, Monorchis sp, Macvicaria crassigula, Pseudopycnadena fischtali, Diphterostomum brusinae et Zoogonus rubellus); 12 espèces de Monogènes (Lamellodiscus elegans, Lamellodiscus ergensi, Lamellodiscus falcus, Lamellodiscus furcosus, Lamellodiscus ignoratus, Lamellodiscus neifari, Lamellodiscus sanfilippoi, Encotyllabe vallei, Atriaster heterodus, Atriaster seminalis, Choricotyle chrysophrii et Polylabris tubicirrus); 4 espèces de Nématodes (Dichelyne tripapillatus, Hysterothylacium fabri, Hysterothylacium rhacodes et Ascarophis sp) et 1 espèce de Cestode (stade larvaire appartenant à l'ordre des Tetraphyllidea de type Scolex pleuronectis). Elles sont signalées pour la première fois dans la baie d’Oran. Les espèces Galactosomum sp, Choricotyle chrysophrii, Ascarophis sp représentent un nouvel hôte chez Diplodus sargus. Chez Diplodus annularis, 8 espèces de Digénes (Lepidauchen stenostoma, Arnola microcirrus, Holorchis pycnoporus, Lepocreadium album, Monorchis sp, Macvicaria crassigula, Diphterostomum brusinae et Zoogonus rubellus); 6 espèces de Monogènes (Lamellodiscus elegans, Lamellodiscus ergensi, Lamellodiscus ignoratus, Atriaster heterodus, Atriaster seminalis, et Polylabris tubicirrus); 5 espèces de Nématodes (Dichelyne tripapillatus, Hysterothylacium fabri, Hysterothylacium aduncum, Ascarophis sp et Ascarophis valentina ) et 1 espèce de Cestode (stade larvaire appartenant à l'ordre des Tetraphyllidea de type Scolex pleuronectis). Ces espèces sont enregistrées pour la première fois dans la baie d’Oran, tandis que Lepidauchen stenostoma est signalé pour la première fois en Méditerranée occidentale. De plus, Diplodus annularis représente un nouvel hôte pour Dichelyne tripapillatus et Ascarophis valentin. Chez Lithognathus mormyrus, 13 espèces de Digénes (Lepidauchen stenostoma, Derogenes latus, Magnibursatus bartolii, Proctoeces maculatus, Holorchis pycnoporus, Lepocreadium album, Lepocreadium pegorchis, Macvicaria maamouriae, Macvicaria maillardi, Macvicaria mormyri, Pycnadenoides senegalensis, Diphterostomum brusinae et Zoogonus rubellus); 5 espèces de Monogènes (Lamellodiscus flagellatus, Lamellodiscus ignoratus, Lamellodiscus mormyri, Lamellodiscus verberis et Pagellicotyle mormyri); 3 espèces de Nématodes (Hysterothylacium rhacodes, Dichelyne tripapillatus et Ascarophis sp); 2 espèces d’Acanthocéphales (Acanthocephaloides propinquus et A. incrassatus) et 1 espèce de Cestode (stade larvaire appartenant à l'ordre des Tetraphyllidea de type Scolex pleuronectis). Elles sont observées pour la première fois dans la baie d’Oran. Aussi, Lepidauchen stenostoma et Hysterothylacium rhacodes sont enregistrées pour la première fois en Méditerranée occidentale. De plus, Magnibursatus bartolii, Zoogonus rubellus, Dichelyne tripapillatus, Ascarophis sp et Scolex pleuronectis fournissent un nouvel enregistrement d'hôte chez Lithognathus mormyrus. Les indices parasitaires spécifiques calculés renseignent sur l’occurrence des parasites identifiés chez ces trois poissons hôtes. La diversité des Digénes est comparée avec celle du golfe de Tunis, la lagune de Bizerte et une localité de la Méditerranée occidentale. La côte ouest-algérienne enregistre la valeur la plus élevée dans la richesse en espèces de Digénes, par rapport à l’ensemble des côtes méditerranéennes. Mots clés: Diplodus sargus, Diplodus annularis, Lithognathus mormyrus, Parasites, Biodiversité. ABSTRACT Our
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