E:\CPBR\RUSSJOUR\TYPE3102\russell 31,2064 red.wpd January 25, 2012 (9:31 am) world, butveryfewprotestedagainstit not tobeconverted. during thewholeSecondWorldWar,su as weredropped times asmanybombsfellonVietnam,Laosand Cambodia 1967), p.45n.Ontheimportanceoflanguage, 1967), (“Vietnamese Communists”) in his his in Communists”) (“Vietnamese The BertrandRussellResearchCentre,McMasterU. russell: far awayfromtheirhomesandthegravesofancestors. illegal weaponry,ando bomb bombing, clusterandphosphorus regularcarpet with possible and childrenas women seniors, and unarmed political-economical system than commu political-economical systemthan Vietnamese population(whoweremainly wanted toinformtheworldabout Bertrand RussellPeaceFoundationand ,KenCoates, Chris Farl activist British philosopherandpolitical the Cong evercalledmenigger.”Russellatte Cong.…NoViet themViet with gotnoquarrel ain’t “I Ali: correspondent, Mohammad T INTERNATIONAL WARCRIMESTRIBUNAL: In the1960sthis macabre spectacle could This charm o 1  ra SeeRussell’sexposureofthisderogato LONDON, STOCKHOLMANDROSKILDE fare in Vietnam was founded in 1966 through themoraloutrageof fare inVietnamwasfounded1966through he International War Crimes Tribunal( he InternationalWar A SECONDARYBIBLIOGRAPHYOFTHE for their letters of 8 April, 18, 31 May, 11Sept.,17Oct., 18,31May, 15 lettersof8April, Nov. for their 16 and Dec. 1967). ibliographies, the JournalofBertrandRussellStudie T ensive wentonformorethantenyears,andalthoughthree stefankarlandersson T ering thesurvivorspleasantlodgings in wired-in hamlets Stefan Andersson  i. w War Crimesin Vietnam introduction rchival mpted to enlist Ali on behalfofthe Ali enlist mpted to us the VietnamSolidarityCampaign. They . Until 1968 the majority ofAmerican majority the . Until1968 government’sattemptstoconvincethe rprisingly enough the Vietnamesewere rprisingly enough n.s.31(winter2011–12): 167–87 s ,his privatesecretary ry contraction of “Viet Nam CongSan” Nam “Viet ry contractionof nism, bykillingasmany“Vietcong” s, napalm,AgentOrangeandother ey andotherpeopleconnectedtothe peasants) that capitalismisabetter peasants) be watched ontelevisionalloverthe cf.  @ iwct nventories, thelegendaryremarkofRussell’s live.com ) ontheUnitedStates’war- issn 0036-01631; (London:AllenandUnwin,  online1913-8032 ndexes iwct (see 1 E:\CPBR\RUSSJOUR\TYPE3102\russell 31,2064 red.wpd January 25, 2012 (9:31 am) fearing, tax-paying,law-obeyingAmericancitizen. , communists,etc.,got what they integrity” (p. 180). Bothwerearrested (p.180). integrity” sharp-featured manwithanasceticexpression (New York,NewAmericanLibrary,1968). cancel allteachingandprematurelyendthesemester. later.Asin weeks two State University at Jackson after thekillingoffourstudentsatKentStateUniversityandtwo government startedtoworryaboutbeingunablecontainthem,particularly Mitteilungsblatt desInstituts für sozialeBewegungen 1970s”, inissue“PeaceMovements toMainst Natalie Atkin,“FromMargin ment’s relianceonwhatNixoncalledthe organizations neverbecametheunited inal” behaviour. See James Tracy, Tracy, inal” behaviour.SeeJames showed thatthe Davis, John FroinesandLeeWeiner—werechar seven defendants—AbbieHo to have would he that realized Johnson When troops. send to willing was their owngovernmentfordi Frenchstuden race. aninferior sidered onstrators at the Democratic convention onstrators attheDemocratic violence thatMayor reactions tothe nam, 1963–1964”, 1963–1964”, nam, in lateOctober, like the1967marchonPentagon citizens wereforthewar,althoughsome stefan andersson 168 us ologized studentproteststhaterupted gained momentumaftertheTetO think di a request tojointhewa Johnson’s President little todowithprotestsagainstthe to theChicagoSeven Books, 2004),andDavidCaute, ilton, 1988),pp.3,7–8,12 ilton, nato attackedCambodiain1 7 6 5 4 3 2 The protestsinEuropehadgeneralbeenmoderateuptothispointbut The so-called “ conspiracy trials” Theso-called“Chicagoconspiracy SeeKirkpatrickSale, See ’s Mailer’s SeeNorman Fredrik Logevall, “DeGaulle,Neutraliza See See MarkKurlansky, allyonmoralgrounds.Noteventhe May 1970:BirthoftheAntiwarUniversity T erently. us Paci government was not going totoleratesuch“unpatriotic”and “crim- (Chicago: U. of Chicago P.,1996),pp.145–51. U.ofChicago (Chicago: sds W c HistoricalReview (StudentsforaDemocraticSociety) z –13. 1968: theYearThatRockedWorld Armies oftheNight:History SDS T man, JerryRubin,, , Rennie 970 that theprotestsreachedsuchlevelsthat that 970 T (New York: Random House,1973),p.348.Seealso (NewYork:Random 1968: theYearofBarricades erent reasons.PresidentdeGaulle : RadicalPaci in WesternEurope,Japanandthe andspentanightinprisontogether. T us ensive of January 1968.However,themyth- ensive of Daley launchedagainsttheantiwardem- ’s systematic murderingofwhat they con- in ParisthebeginningofthatMay 61(1992):69–102. ream: American Movements, 1950s– He met up with , “a slim “a HemetupwithNoamChomsky, ts andworkerswereprotestingagainst spring1968,manyuniversitieshadto force thatcouldchallengethegovern- force in Chicagothatsu deserved accordingtotheaveragegod- earlier, well-attendedrallies against it, tion, and American Involvement in Viet- Involvementin American and tion, “silent majority”.Itwasnot until the or “Chicago7trials”thatfollowed, when r, but he was notpreparedtocriticize , andanairofgentlebutabsolutemoral ged withconspiracyand inciting to riot, (NewYork:Path , no.32(2004):175–92. us ’s usualclosestfriend,the as a Novel, the NovelasHistory the as aNovel, 5 2 might have made some 4 W (London: Hamish Ham- (London:Hamish But asshownbythe But sm fromtheUnionEight (NewYork:Ballantine mmer, thestudents, 3 andotherantiwar W nder P.,1971). usa 7 turneddown since 1945”, since 6 W had uk ght , E:\CPBR\RUSSJOUR\TYPE3102\russell 31,2064 red.wpd January 25, 2012 (9:31 am) ican Con inform detailed Vietnam” (p.82).Formore its representationinSouthVietnamtoconsul them workpermits,temporaryhousing,and came ahavenfor absent—and undefended—defendant.Evenmo paci ties withtheUnitedStates,butSwed tin: U. of Texas P.,1983).The U.ofTexas tin: Secret DiplomacyoftheVietnamWar: with representa Sweden’s secretmeetings problems. Traditionally neutralinworlda special “posed writes, Herring “Sweden”, p.80. 2002), York:Palgrave, (New Gilbert America’s Failure inVietnam”, in have evolvedintheScandinaviancoun as wello the world?” in freedom of defenders sole the we “Are reported tohaveasked: hewas alone, Vietnam, since hethoughtthatwould forc tothe oftheidea origins the connects pendent citizens’tribunalwas,so theNurembergtrialsto had Of course,Russell nlf ment the Nuremberg principles,hecreatedhisowntribunal ment theNuremberg CriminalCourttoimple- had beendonetocreateapermanentInternational the which hepresentedincriminatinginformationaboutwarcrimes committed by by sendingarticlesandletterstoma Bertrand Russell was an exceptionand,alreadyinspring1963,startedtoprotest own specialreasonstoopposethewar. in the attempt to stopallegedcommunist the ordinarycitizeninformedab keep in South Vietnam. See South Vietnam. in it wasout, President Kennedy, who, already in been attackedintheGulf of Tonkin inea is acommonmisconceptionthat Justice, andTruth inLetterstotheEditor interviews byDavidBarsmian(Vancouver: (New York:PantheonBooks,2002), 10 9 8 When RussellrealizedthattheUnited Few European intellectuals came out against thewarinitsearlieststages. Few Europeanintellectualscameoutagainst See GeorgeHerring,“FightingwithoutAlli us See Ray Perkins, ed., Perkins, SeeRay W -Movement andotherlessanti-American organizations didheroicworkto There are di Thereare st BertrandRusselltoholdwarcrimes and its allies.Hefoundthisinform and X ict over Vietnam”, overVietnam”, ict U 8 The mostpowerfulandenduringbutpeacefulprotestsseemto The cial us T us erent versions of where the idea of a war crimes tribunal originated. tribunal crimes war ofa ofwheretheidea erent versions war deserters, and the Swedish government assisted them governmentassisted theSwedish by deserters,and war giving documents. Manufacturing Consent:thePolit Yours FaithfullyBertrandRuss Diplomatic History Diplomatic iwct A SecondaryBibliographyoftheIWCT to speak “in thespeak air”. to Nicholas Gri us Why theNorthWonVietnamWar 9 Chaps. 5 and6, andChomsky, is discussed at pp.531,688–9,693. at discussed is only entered the war after one of its warships had warships onlyenteredthewarafteroneofits trial ofDavidMitchell,whorefusedto Negotiating Volumes ofthePentagonPapers tives from North Vietnam, see Herring, ed., Herring, see fromNorthVietnam, tives (Chicago:OpenCourt,2002),pp.360–95.It out American war crimesbeingcommitted jor American and Britishnewspapersin jor American rly August 1964, but as Chomsky has pointed Chomskyhas rly August1964,butas T e himtocommitwarcrimes.Russellwrotea ish government permittedphilosopherand government ish NewStarBooks,1992),pp.81–6. ation, see F. Logevall, “The “The Swedish-Amer- seeF.Logevall, ation, airs,Swedenalso hadalonghistory of close aggression. Japanesestudents had their tries, particularlySweden,wherethe ation byreadingthesamenewspapers, a small pension. In1968Swedenreduced a smallpension. ar status,ar and in1969 itrecognized North 1962,startedsecretbombingsandattacks Nations was impotent and nothing Nationswasimpotentand trials inStockholm,withAmericathe trials es: the International Dimensionsofthe fallbackon,buttheideaofaninde- re gallingtoWashington,Swedenbe- 17(1993):421–45(atpp.429 ical Economy oftheMassMedia ell: aLifelongFightforPeace, Chronicles ofDissent U n ( , ed. Marc Jason , ed.Marc 10 SLBR andinvited z 2:585ff.) –31). For W ght in (Aus- 169 The , E:\CPBR\RUSSJOUR\TYPE3102\russell 31,2064 red.wpd January 25, 2012 (9:31 am) Tribunal”. “the sometimes and Tribunal” Tribunal”, “theVietnamWarCrimes tactics ande The internationallawexpertRichardAndersonFalkwrites: Barry Weisberg describeditin rise totalkabouta gave foliage andpeople 1948. TheAmericans’useofAgentOran session inDenmarkconvincedtheothe the FrenchphilosopherandwriterJe peopletobepartofit,thebest-knownbeing sensitive prominent andmorally stefan andersson 170 (1992) andHarishMehta’sthesis(2009)below. new plansandaskingforhisopinion. See al shape. ByApril1966Russellwrotealetterto Killed Kennedy?”Committee),and Lane Mark with hands hejoined Vietnam long to prepare(12March1965, would that Russellansweredatribunal ican journal a tribunal had been suggested ayear earlier byM. Ralph Schoenman,tocollect beginni letter toPrimeMinisterDonginthe Westing andE. me (30 Dec. 2011)Falk wasalsooneofthe he saysthat he was in theNurembergjudgmentof1945,noo since theyears In was committing genocide inVietnam,asitisde Approach to NationalPolicy uno to applytheNurembergPrinciples to the in Vietnam. Aside from this single controversial incident, there has beennoe therehas incident, controversial single this from Aside Vietnam. in tions of the laws ofwarcharacteristic tries. Theproceedingsofthetribunaldepict Russell WarCrimesTribunalhe Bertrand the be willingtohaveinvokedagainstus.” not preparedtolaydownaruleofcriminal weare doesthemorthem,and States whether Germany whethertheUnited crimes in acts Justice RobertH.Jackson:“Ifcertain of Nuremberg pledgeat American celebrated governments, international orpu institutions, The Tribunal was also known as “the ”,“theRussell–Sartre “the as The Tribunalwasalsoknown 12 11 U Falk,“ANurembergPerspectiveonth Thelattermoreoftenreferstoanother se cial andsymbolicapplication of the N 12 The Minority of One of The Minority The latest addition of names is “the Bertrand RussellTribunalof Thelatestadditionofnamesis“the T ects ofthisunethicalenvironmentalwarfare. y W. Pfei W T (Cambridge,Mass.:HarvardU. rst to bring up the crimeof“ecocide”.Inane-mailto er published in scienti er published in evidence of war crimes. Gri evidence ofwarcrimes. ra , towhichRussellmademany 2 410.143908a).Still,when Schoenman returned from Ecocide inIndochina:theEcologyof War the outlinesofawarcrimestribunal started to take 11 the early years of heavy American involvement ofheavy American years the early concrete circumstances ofviolentcon (who had inspired Russell to launch the“Who to (who hadinspiredRussell an-PaulSartre, who during the second so Moorehead Edith Russell (2010),Caroline conduct against others which wewouldnot accurately thebasicpatternofcombatviola- e Trial of Karl Armstrong”, inhis e TrialofKarlArmstrong”, Pham Van Dong informing him aboutthe Dong PhamVan uremberg ideaunderlaytheproceedingsof ng of1966askinghim to help his secretary, r members ofthetribunalthat members r ge and other poisonous substances on and otherpoisonoussubstances ge involve agreatdealofworkandtaketoo the chief prosecutorfor the chief the United States, ld in 1966–67 in two Scandinavian coun- twoScandinavian 1966–67in ld in violation of treaties are crimes, theyare crimes, are oftreaties violation t of conferences on the , or- War, t ofconferencesontheVietnam blic opiniontotakeseriouslythejustly X W uenced bytheresearchofArthur y S. Arnoni, editor of the radical Amer- oftheradical editor S. Arnoni, fth kind of : “ecocide”. crime: fth kindofwar W W c journalsthatdescribedthe ned inthe U U n shows that the idea ofsuch theidea n showsthat cial attempt hasbeen made P., 1975),pp.133–45(at133). contributions.Ifound un conventionof A Global (1970). X T ict. An ort by us E:\CPBR\RUSSJOUR\TYPE3102\russell 31,2064 red.wpd January 25, 2012 (9:31 am) have never beenlistedbefore),istheresultofmorethan have the Hague in 2002. The the Haguein2002. Nuremberg trialstotheestablishment for referencestothisuniqueeventin appendix offourteenprimary have receivedasmuch“We’resorry”.Thatisadisgrace. no VietnamesevictimsofAgent china”, reconstruction oftheDemocraticRep and topostwar war of wounds “the UnitedStateswillcontributetohealingthe is asadfactthat,althoughtheParis It fessor in globalandinternationalstudiesat fessor Un national lawandpracticeatPrinceton editedby 1976), Falk, 1972, (1968, 1969, of volumes references tothefour across veterans” (p.215). citizens’ commissi call forthecreationof Orange/Dioxin, which showsthat Orange/Dioxin, ter”, 6August2004,fromtheVietnamAssociationforVictimsofAgent Ifoundinaletter which Conscience”, July 1967,attracted350participantsand The years. following met annuallyinthe that Association Arbitration and Peace theSwedish and Svahnström byBertil ganized Citizens’ CommissionsofInquirylike Citizens’ nam War: Ensign, whowasanorganizer of months preparinginterviewswithformer (New York:NewYorkU.P.,1999)writes (See Wikipedia’sarticleon Justice” and continued to promote hearings in man renamedtheAmericanbranch of the had Foundation, becauseRussell lo no however, from RalphSchoenman,(who, Vietnam Era sta the MyLaistormhit,JeremyRifkin after relationship issupported iwct of aDraft-Age American T The following select secondary bibliography, comprising 277items(plusan Anyone interestedintheVietnamWa 14 13 SeeRichardMoser, members Andrew E. Hunt in and later Commissions of Inquiry, including the Winter Soldier investigation. This

Writings byActivists (New Brunswick: RutgersU.P.,1996). (NewBrunswick: 14 of the Bertrand Russell Peace Fo Peace oftheBertrandRussell (NewYork:AvonBooks,1971),p.22. byJamesSimonKunen, The NewWinterSoldiers:GIandVeteranDissentduringthe iwct The Turning: aHistoryofViet Turning: The Ralph Schoenman.) Schoenman Ralph Schoenman.) alsoinspiredVietnamveteransand others to form cut all connections with him).InthatsituationSchoen- connections all cut A SecondaryBibliographyoftheIWCT (cited1999 below)that “Within under aweek items, included because the items, includedbecause suchacommission,writesin the memoryand legacyofthe g.i. 60 organizationsfrom W the historyofintern ublic ofViet-NamandthroughoutIndo- Peace Accords of 1973 (article 21) say that Peace Accordsof1973(article21)say “To theAmericanPeople. An Open Let- theWinterSoldierinvestigation. rst Stockholm Conference on Vietnam, 6–9 Conference onVietnam, Stockholm rst brpf The VietnamWarandInternationalLaw of theInternationalCriminalCourtin who bythattimewasprofessorofinter- Orange (who arestillbeingborntoday) ons tocollecttestimonyfromVietnam s and that they had received encouragement received theyhad that s and (p. 58) that Ensign and Rifkin had spent (p. 58)thatEnsignandRifkinhad and I, bothantiwaractivists,metwith r andinternationallawwillsooncome nger worked for theBertrandRussell Peace worked nger to allegedAmericanatrocitiesinVietnam. iversity, and is currentlyresearch pro- and iversity, the University of California at Santa at California theUniversityof “The American Foundationfor Social Standard OperatingProcedures:Notes undation todiscusstheirpublic nam VeteransagainsttheWar W was onelinkbetweenthe fteen years of scouting fteen yearsof twentycountries. ational law from the ational law iwct Against the Viet- Against the iwct proceedings liveon. 13 Tod 171 E:\CPBR\RUSSJOUR\TYPE3102\russell 31,2064 red.wpd January 25, 2012 (9:31 am) celebrated individualsbearswi pr a such contemplate that itisplausibleto ity of its President. Of course, to pass judgment ontheUnitedStatesrole Palestine Palestinian Territories.Hehas not been Vladimir Dedijer and Laurent Schwartz as the dominating thedominating as DedijerandLaurentSchwartz Vladimir result of the French branch of the Tribunal with Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir, hunts in1995.Volume1hadareferencetotheRussellTribunal: Tribunal on Iraq(2005). Tribunal Healsoplayed nent Peoples’Tribunal. with theItalianlawyerLelioBasso and wa principles of international law, when very few seem to have cared. He worked of view. published between1966and2011 topics He haswrittenextensively national law andoneofthemostoutspokencritics national B referred was to and P., as “The 2008). Belgium One of heldin was the sessions eighteen Roy with introductionsbyArundhati men tional Law As editorandoneofthemaincontributorsto He hasbeenanin Barbara. stefan andersson 172 crimes committedbythe bereferredtoasaCommissionofInquiryinvestigatingpossiblewar to ferred ithaddroppedtheidea 1966, of 16 November prosecuting andpre- individuals oftheTribunal. tobemembers whohadbeenasked and others inals. This wasbased onstatementsem crim- war Namara, SecretaryofStateDeanRuskandGeneralWestmorelandas would condemnPresidentJohn Tribunal article was written in 1966, andIlaterreal What especiallycaughtmyattention Also forthe site, site, Russells I foundFalk’sfourvolumesinMcMast Falk early recognized the importance of importance Falk earlyrecognizedthe By thetimeTribunalhelditsfoun 17 16 15 See http://richardfalk.wordpress.com/ The Stockholm and Roskilde sessions sessions were Roskilde The Stockholm and see Forinformation Tribunal”(2004–05), World Tribunal onIraq: MakingtheCaseagainstWar 16 except bywayofcommentary inhis blog. , he soon established himselfason , hesoon W rst timesince World War http://www.russelltribunalonpalestine.com/en/ 15 us In 2008 he was appointed appointed was he 2008 In z — X BertrandRussell’stribunalis inVietnam. tness tothegeneralpercepti uential international law expertsincethelate1950s. http://brussellstribunal.org z more than 70 publications on thewarandrelated publications 70 more than . ii there has been proposed a war crime tribunal crime war beenproposeda therehas anating from Russell himself,Schoenman and Falk(Northampton,Mass.:OliveBranch oceeding andtoobtainforitstribunal several in Viet Nam and on the criminal responsibil- onthecriminal and Nam Viet in z was the phrase“ajuridicalfarce”.The the was — connected with the Russell Tribunal on connectedwiththeRussellTribunal animportantpartintheWarCrimes 17 ding session in London between 13 and 13 between ding sessioninLondon son, Secretary of Defense Robert Mc- SecretaryofDefenseRobert son, ized that Falk must have read that the that read have must Falk that ized theRussellTribunalasupholding Thisshiftofemph z from a legal, moralandpoliticalpoint s activeinthecreationofPerma- er’s Mills Library on one of my of Mills Libraryonone er’s on2–10Mayand20Nov.–1Dec.1967. e ofthemainproponentsinter- The VietnamWarandInterna- . no h a.(P.451n.12) on ofthewar. un a juridical farce, butthefact juridical a SpecialRapporteurof , ed. Müge Gürsöy Sök- , ed.MügeGürsöy us W asis was mainlythe asis warinIndochina. gures. Itcould,of andFalk’sweb- W rst E:\CPBR\RUSSJOUR\TYPE3102\russell 31,2064 red.wpd January 25, 2012 (9:31 am) Russell’s ownseparateTribunalp references totheTribunalinautumn20 writings. substantially quotefromordiscuss of Bertrand Russell into account,whichwouldhavegivenaverydi volumes, theyoughttohavequotedFalk of thetribunalwasto “prevent the crime cited under2011.)Butthat was not thema because itlackedthepowertopunish still beconsidered“ajuridicalfarc course, iwct into context.AndIsearchedfortheses, Apart fromthefactthatKlingho and theVietnamWarlabelledhear United Statesforlegalviolations.However, Vietna Toward Policy onAmerican Committee Richard Falkwasatthetimechairman us digitalcommons.mcmaster.ca/ Tribunals: Mobilizing Public Opinion to Advance HumanRights to Tribunals: MobilizingPublicOpinion not ralliedtothecause,portrayingmurder leaving alegacyofmiseryand destruction th against SouthVietnamwar andthe restbrutal beena of impossiblewage Indochina, to Humanity titled tribute totheSimonandSchusteredition but thathehaddeclinedtheo Crime ofSilence werereprintedin Pinkville” a preface.Thisandhisarticle“After Indochina war. in theeyesofeditors,PeterLimqueco,WeissandCoates. picture ofFalk’slaterandmatureopinion.TheKlingho “a juridicalfarce” quoted Falk’sphrase wasdoinginVietnamandtoletthe My collectinggained momentumwhen Istarted amoresystematic search for 19 18 In 2002ArthurandJudithKlingho I knew that Noam Chomsky had been asked tobeamemberoftheTribunal, been I knewthatNoamChomskyhad I was aware of Chomsky’s analysisof I wasawareofChomsky’s See my review oftheKlingho Seemyreview See . Thepromisingnewjournal Against theCrimeofSilence Manufacturing Consent ( http://www.war-crimes.org 19 (1971)asthe I sent him an e-mail asking him if he had published anything published had he I senthim ane-mailaskinghimif , andmerenewsreportsatthe russelljournal/vol22/iss1/8/ , where he and Edward S. Herman write: “It would have wherewould , he “It write: andEdwardS. Herman W T A SecondaryBibliographyoftheIWCT rst two pieces, which indicates their importance two pieces,whichindicatestheir rst er. However,whenwas asked Chomsky tocon- T z (1970 in the appendix), heagreedandwrote appendix), the (1970in ublications, which arelistedin ublications, ers’ bookin ings “a juridical farce”. (P. 134) (P. farce”. juridical “a ings the Tribunal proceedings, orputthe Tribunal the T War Crimes,Genocide ers should have known that therearefour known have ers should anyone. (See Mervyn Bennum’s article anyone.(SeeMervynBennum’s ) has notyetdiscussed the ous aggressionasadefenseoffreedom,and of theConsultativeCo 11. My principles were these:Iexcluded at may never be overcome, if the media had at mayneverbeovercome,ifthemedia fully and taken his mature appreciation fully andtakenhismature out ofcontext,whichgivesadistorted citizens oftheworldbejudges. his two-volume study of international law his two-volumestudyofinternational of silence”, to show the world what the what world of silence”,toshowthe evidence oftheacad T in concern;themostimportantaspect e” for several formalreasons,notleast the roleofmediainSecond er published of the proceedings oftheTribunal, proceedings ofthe m, an organization that denouncedthe Russell time. Iincludedreferencesthat T erent impression of his later erent impressionofhis , . y n.s. 22 (2002): 83–9; n.s.22(2002): International Citizens’ T ers say: and Crimesagainst uncil ofthe Lawyers’ emic studyofthe z 18 A Bibliography inwhichthey iwct Prevent the . http:// iwct 173 E:\CPBR\RUSSJOUR\TYPE3102\russell 31,2064 red.wpd January 25, 2012 (9:31 am) and journalarticles. trated on referencespublishedin Amer Bertrand RussellinHoChiMinhCity. House, 1971),pp.92–4. tantly itinspired other Citizens’ Co two eventsthatvindicatedthe 1969 andthe La more orlessneglecteduntiltheMy Then itcameintothemediashadowof slant byreferringtoitwithinquotationmarks as the “Tribunal” or the “Trial”. were reportedinthemajornewspapersan I then rediscovered his RussellLectur written something about it,buthecould on theRussellTribunal.Heanswered stefan andersson 174 represent became toohigh”(p. lxiii). Russell could nothave said itbetter himself. only openingthedoorstotacticaldisagr tv I senthimthebibliographyof The onlypositivementionIcanrecall. ofAfghanistan. invasion ontheRussian Tribunal the Basso which: toknow surprised interesting. One received publicity, very positi Thereactiontotheminthe follow-ups. the Glad youfoundit,andagreeabout I wrotetoNoamChomsky,whoreplied: doesnotfollowth work,it on his Russelltocarry Bertrand a of thestature noonewith thereis nosecret....If exposed is memorial toRussellthana revival of the Trib farso as is nowknown, quite accurate.…more no Inmyopinion,be therecould e also was theRussellTribunal by produced Theevidence denunciations.... widespread e am oneoftheselectfew Russell was Bertrand excellent, andaveryvaluablecontribution”(12Jan.2012). are thattheyissuedastampcommemorating the by Vietnamesewriters,butI’velisted afew.The best signs of their appreciation since theyweresonumerous.Neitherhave T T ectively withheldfromAmericanandBrit provoked war orts toalerttheAmericanpeoplebarbarismof stations and newspapers, but I have not included manynewspaperarticles stationsandnewspapers,butIhavenotincluded To sumup:the Needless to say, this secondary bibliog secondary Needless tosay,this 21 20 The Canadian Committee forthe Committee TheCanadian

Problems of Knowledge andFreedom:theRussellLectures Knowledge Problems of iwct 21 ThesessioninStockholmwas covered by severalforeign gotgenerallybad press before it tookplace.Itssessions started to bepublishedinthesummer of 1971 W at thetaskmustbeabandoned. ndings oftheRussellTribunal.But most impor- iwct mmissions and RussellTribunals,and Basso rmnina l.(26Sept.2011) Ormentionatall. iwct es from1970inwhichhesaid: eement when the costs to the interests they interests the eement whenthecoststo ican, British,SwedishandFrenchbooks i Massacre became known attheendof Massacre becameknown i the SixDaysWarinJune1967andwas ish audiences; the extensive testimony was, testimony extensive the audiences; ish not sayexactlywhat,whereandwhen. in draft. Hesoonwroteback:“Really ong the truebearersofconsciousness.His ong d magazines, but often with asarcastic often but d magazines, didfundraisingwithits1967pamphlet. unal thathe initiated. Whatthe Tribunal quickly and said that he must have thathemust andsaid quickly ve, articles in thepress,etc.Youwon’tbe Ihadtimeto look hard for references raphy isincomplete.Ihaveconcen- iwct andnamedastreetafter (NewYork:Random 20 W us tting z — is z E:\CPBR\RUSSJOUR\TYPE3102\russell 31,2064 red.wpd January 25, 2012 (9:31 am) The VietnamCon can’t speakforthemselves,likethevictimsofAgentOrange. senseofjustice with ahighlydeveloped legacy of one of theworld’smostinspir establish thePermamentPe and othersto to the sta to friend, a generousCanadian (Små ochStipendiefond Premie- tengren FoundationforPhilosophy,LarsHi assistance. Allwebaddressesare their cooperation,NicholasGri my requests. I also wanttothanktheEdit Simpson, GerryJ. Genocide, WarCrimes,andtheWest:History War Crimes,Criminals,and The WarsinVietnam,CambodiaandLaos Uncertain Judgment:ABibliographyofWar 2004). don: ZedBooks;NewYork:Palgrave, and Complicity P.,1986). Greenwood (New York: man E.TutorowwithKarenWinnovich 4),ed.Nor- no. History, dexes inWorld and SourceBook Crimes Trials:anAnnotatedBibliography P., 1984). ton Leitenberg(SantaBarbara:ABCClio compiled byRichardD.BurnsandMil- War/Peace BibliographySeries#18), 1945–1982: ABibliographicalGuide (Santa Barbara: ABC ClioP., 1979). R.Lewis John by compiled Series #8), Crimes P.,1973). Clio ard DeanBurns(SantaBarbara:ABC Series), ed.MiltonLeitenbergandRich- Developments mensions, PoliticalTraumas,&Military ternational Law Crimes, TrialsandtheReinventionofIn- 22 The research forthisbibliographyhas T (TheWar/PeaceBibliography atMcMaster’sMillsLibrary,whoha Bibliographies (War/PeaceBibliographical X , ed. Adam Jones (Lon- , ed.AdamJones ict: ItsGeographicalDi- Law, War&Crime: (Cambridge: Polity, (Cambridge: (Bibliographies andIn- (Bibliographies ii. w secondary bibliography whomI’mverygrateful.Iwouldliketoextendmy thanks U lands Nation,Lund),twopr current asof24January2012. A SecondaryBibliographyoftheIWCT n for critical input and KevinBlakerforhisvaluable input n forcritical (The or, RichardA. FalkandNoam Chomsky for ing politicalactivists,whowasequipped ertas Minnesfond,DagnyochEilertEkwalls been supportedbytheErikand Gurli Hul- andagreatcompassionforthosewho Buckley, WilliamF.,andRalphSchoenman Lamm, Sta Georgetown LawLibrary:WarCrimesRe- “Tribunal”, International WarCrimesTribunalBulletin oples’ Tribunals,whichcontinuethe U. 50min. Stanford Institution, archived atHoover (guest). di won threeprizesthefollowingyearat FilmAB,2003).10min.It Front holm, search Guide 2007). processes going onaroundustoday.” mirror thatre the Tribunalobservesus.Itholdsupa … Fromadistanceofmorethan35years rial fromtheso-calledRussellTribunal. and LenaEwerth Sta May1967 of us?Atthebeginning on scribes it: “Howdoeshistory lookback .edu/guides/warcrimes.cfm published bythe 1967. from 9issues WarCrimesTribunal. tional theInterna- of inSupport Committée Tribunal ve shownaverywelcomingattitudeto T T erent an Lamm,LarsLennartForsberg T Firing Line , published byTheSwedish Information ontheWarCrimes W an. lm festivals. Front Filmde- dvd , Audio-Visual Russelltribunalen ivate Swedish sponsorsand Swedish ivate http://www.ll.georgetown X Journals ects and questions the andquestions ects in brpf W , 13 Nov. 1967.Tape , 13Nov. lmed extensivemate- ra 22 Rec.Acq.1,618. . . (Stock- 175 E:\CPBR\RUSSJOUR\TYPE3102\russell 31,2064 red.wpd January 25, 2012 (9:31 am) z— 7 stefan andersson 176 Arthur, SusanPaige.“Un Keenan, BethanyS.“TrialsandTribula- Hayhurst, Stephen.“InPursuitofPeace: Pas, NiekG.“Sortirdel’ombreduParti Mehta, HarishC.“P Lindblad, Fredrik.“TheInternationalWar Gautran, Christelle.“Le‘Tribunal’Russell: z . “‘Vietnam Is Fighting for Us’:French . “‘VietnamIsFightingfor 1965–1973 ( War, andtheU.S.–Vietnam Identities pel Hill,2003).76pp. atCha- Carolina North U.of in history, Jean-Paul Sartre, 1945–1980” ( Jean-Paul Sartre,1945–1980” Decolonization andthe Philosophy of Crimes Tribunal 1966–1967” ( 1966–1967” Crimes Tribunal Bertrand RussellInternationalWar tions: FrenchIntellectualsandthe pp.240–3. Schoenman”, Involvement”, pp.235–40;7.5,“Ralph “Vietnam U.,1989),Chap.7.4, science, Cambridge Problem ofWar” ( Bertrand Russell’sPoliticalIdealsandthe 2003). 161pp. thesis, Institutd’ l’engagement deextrême-gauche Communiste Français:histoire de Bertrand Russell”,pp.209–74. “Conducting InformalDiplomacywith McMaster U.,2009).301pp.Chap.5, States, 1965–1972” ( States, 1965–1972” theUnited during theWaragainst The Diplomatic Front ofNorth Vietnam U.,1994). didate essay,Linköping gande ochgenomförandeiSverige”(can- maj1967.Fö 2–10 Crimes Tribunal.Stockholmssessionen pp.196–228. 1966–1967”, Bertrand RussellWarCrimesTribunal, French IntellectualProtestersandthe Chap. 5,“‘AgainsttheCrimeofSilence’: North CarolinaatChapelHill,2009), guerre américainsauVietnam”( descrimesde international Tribunal bunal”, pp.204–21. 2004), Chap.3.2,“The1967RussellTri- in history,U.ofCalifornia,Berkeley, z — phd z the BackgroundtoRussell’s Theses thesis in history, U.of thesisinhistory, Etudes Politiques, eople’s diplomacy”: rberedelser, motta- phd phd W thesisinpolitical nished Projects: thesisinhistory, phd ma phd thesis thesis Hook, Sidney.“LordRussellandtheWar Burchett, Wilfred.G. Anderson, AllanJ.“WarCrimesTribunal”, — Pasquazzi, Simone.“IlTribunaleRussellela Werkmeister, Frank. Abendroth, Wolfgang.“DasArbeitsergebnis Unsigned. “Paris-rättegångenmotdeameri- Schoenman, Ralph. “TheWar CrimesTri- Sartre, Jean-Paul.Interviewin Price, William.“WarCrimesTribunalun- z . “WhatisaWarCrime?”, 1985), Chap.2.1,“DasRussell-Tribunal”. Philipps-Universität) (Marburg-Lahn, Crimes ‘Trial’ 50. 1966),p. Publishers, International York: 1, 3–7. New LeftNotes Stoccolma” ( Stoccolma” di degliattidelprocesso retrospettiva guerra delVietnam:unavalutazione 1998).654pp.(at189–96). Politiques, republik gegen denVietnamkrieginderBundes- Chaps. 3–6. Studi diRomaTre,2001).282pp. 1968” ( française surlaguerreduVietnam1965– Nov. 1966,pp.1,4. Nov. letinen kanska krigsförbrytarna”, News bunal: RalphSchoenmanReplies”, limard, 1972),“LeCrime”,pp.27–41. Situations, VIIIautourde68 Observateur 1966, pp.1,9. der Attack”, U.P.,1980),pp.207–17. Illinois Public Policy Humanity”, inHook, “Bertrand RussellandCrimesagainst Repr p.28. replied, whichHook to pp.27–8, Schoenman, by and19Dec. in21Nov. were published Severalcomments (24 Oct.1966):6–11. , 2Dec.1966,p.4. , no. 3(1966):25 , no. phd ( phd , 30 Nov. 1966.Reprintedin , 30Nov. thesis,Institutd’Etudes (Carbondale,Ill.:Southern National Guardian ba z thesis in social sciences, thesisinsocial ”, 1, no. 48(16Dec.1966): 1,no. thesis in history, U.degli thesisinhistory, NewLeader 1966 1967 Die Protestbewegung Vietnam North inted asChap.17, Philosophy and Viet/Nam Bul- Le Nouvel (Paris:Gal- 49, no. 21 49,no. , 3Dec. (New Peace , 25 E:\CPBR\RUSSJOUR\TYPE3102\russell 31,2064 red.wpd January 25, 2012 (9:31 am) Anthal, Jussi.Interview “Expressen Coryell, Scho Julin, Gösta.“USA’sfolkärdomare Erikson, Erik.“RussellsTribunal”, — andthe Leif.“TheGovernment Dahlberg, Fredriksson, Gunnar.“TheTribunal”, Falk, RichardA.“InternationalLawandthe — DeWeerd, H. 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