( Socio-Economic Survey), Part VI-C, Series-I
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CENSUS OF INDIA 1971 SERIES I-INDIA VILLAGE SURVEY MONOGRAPH (SoClo-EcONOMiC SURVEY) PART VI-C (MONOGRAPH No.2) (No. 11 of 1961 Series) DAPADA-a village in Dadra and Nagar Haveli Field Investigation and Draft GANESH DASS, M.A., M. L. SAH, M.A. Field Assistance K. P. PATEL Consultant B. K. Roy BURMAN, M.Sc., D.PHIL. Editing K. D. BALLAL OFFICE OF THE REGISTRAR GENERAL, INDIA MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS, NEW DELHI ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This is to acknowledge ",ith thanks the help received from the Collector, Secretary, MamIatdar, Block Development Officer and various other offi cers and staff members of Dadra and Nagar Haveli Administration in the collection of the data for the present monograph. Assistance received from Sarvashri Anant Roy, Reva Shanker Thakur, Gram Sevak and Babubhai Shamjibhai Solanki, Patel Talati deserves to be mentioned specially. During the field investigation Sarvashri Soli Ardesar Bulsara and Rajab Ali Khoja of Dapada rendered invaluable ass,istance by interpre ting the language. The tabulation work was partly done by Shri Sudesh Chander in the Office of the Registrar General, India. The photographs were taken in the field by Shri H.P. Sarin and the line drawings were prepared by Shri K. K. Kalra. Th:mks are due to all of them. CONTENTS PAG CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION 1-17 The Village 1 Reasons for Selection C'1f the Village 1 Location 1 Size an d Number of Households 3 Sources of Water 4 Electricity .. Religious Institutions 4 Funeral Grounds 5 Schools . 5 Cooperative Societies 5 Panchayati Raj Institutions 6 Karbari System vis-a-vis Police g 6 Medical and Veterinary Services 7 Health and Sanitation 7 Transport and Communication 7 Trade and Commercial Centres 10 Festivals. 11 Food 11 Drinking and Smoking ] 1 Dress 11 Paddy Store 12 Employment 12 Land Tenure System 12 Crops ]3 Village Officials 14 Crimes . 14 Hamlets and Ethnic Composition and History of Hamlets 15 House Types . 17 (iii) (iv) PAGE CHAPTER II THE PEOPLE AND THEIR MATERIAL EQUIPMENTS 19-52 Settlement Pattern 19 Elhnography 20 House Types 29 Case Studies 31 Dress and Ornaments . 33 Household Goods 34 Musical Instruments 34 Food Habits and Smoking 36 Hunting and its Equipment 38 Fishing and its Equipment 39 Beliefs and Praclices connected with Birth, Marriage and Death among Varlis, Kokna" Koli Dhors and Chamars 41 Birth, Marriage and Death Practices among Parsis 49 CHAPTER Ill: ECONOMY 53-158 Economic Resources 53 Factors Influencing Economic Life in the Village 54 Land Uti~ization . 55 Land Holdings 66 Terms of Cultivation 70 Comparison of Areas under Grass with Paddy Crops 78 Land Tenure System . 79 Survey and Settlement . 82 Safeguards for Adivasis 84 Reforms 84 Land Tenure System in Neighbouring State 86 Manufacturing and Processing Establishments 86 Improvement in Communication 86 Expamion of Marketing Facilities 87 (v) PAGE Working Force 88 Primary and Subsidiary Occupations 95 Different Occupations and Employment Op- portunities 101 Statement of Essential and Secondary Occupations of the People of Dapada 102 Working Conditions and other Details of Occu- pations 109 Cooperative Societies 118 Agriculture 126 Irrigation 132 Use of Fertilizers and Better Seeds 136 Paddy Procurement 136 Livestock and Animal Husbandry 137 Adhwaras (Weekly Bazars) 140 Income and Expenditure 154 Indebtedness . 160 CHAPTER IV: SOCrAL AND CULTURAL LIFE 161-270 Family Types . 161 Social Legislation 167 Provision of Amenities in the Village and its Position in the Region 167 Inhentance of Property 169 Leisure and Recreation 170 Religious Beliefs and Institutions 172 Festivals of the Pars is 177 Church at Dapada 179 Main Fairs and Festivals 186 Panchayats 199 Medical Facilities, Diseases and Local Medicines 203 Washerman and Barber Services 205 Fuel and Light 205 Post Office 206 (vi) Pages Village Level Officials . 207 Population : Age Distribution . 213 Registration of Vital Events in the Village 215 Marital Status 220 Education 230 Mother Tongue and Subsidiary Languages 259 Migration 262 CHAPTER V: SOCIAL AWARENESS AND CONCLUSION 211-289 Level of Awareness 271 Places Visited Outside Dapada by the Villagen; 274 PersonS Staying Outside Dapada 278 Remittances and Frequency of Visits. 278 Changes Brought about in the Village as a Result of Liberation 279 Conclusion 282 ApPIlNDlX-Exploratory Survey of Social Contour in Village Dapada-Household Schedule. 286 LIST OF TABLES TABLE No. PAGE 1. Distribution.of households by members and religion 3 2. Type and number of crimes during January 1964 to April 1966 14 3. Distribution of households by tribes/castes and hamlets 19 4. Distribution of population by religion and castel ~~ W 5. Distribution of land by types, crops & landlords ("ith percentages) 56-57 6. Distribution of houses constructed according to the ownership of the land 59 7. Distribution of Mali plot holders by area. 63 8. Distribution of land holdings by caste and religion 64 9. Distribution of households by kinds of rent paid. 69 10. Distribution of households paying Khand (rent) to land- lords according to type of landlords . 71 11. Number of Landlords and tenants by caste/tribe 76 12. Distribution of working force by religion and age-group 90 13. Percentage distribution of working force by religion and age-group 91 14. Distribution of working force by religion, caste/tribe and sex. 92 15. Distribution of non-workers by nature of activity and age-group , 93 16. Distribution of working population by primary occu- pation, religion, caste/tribe and sex . 94 17. Distribution of households by number of primary OCCll- pations returned for various members 95 18. Distribution of households by number of subsidiary occupation returned for various members. .. 96 19. Percentage distribution of households by association of subsidiary occupation associated with primary occupation 98 20. Distribution of households by association of primary occupation with subsidiary occupation. .. 99 21. Distribution of Tad!Khajoor trees by location and ownership 113 22. Number of cases caught because of illicit distillation of Daru by caste/tribe 11 5 (vii) (viii) PAGE 23. Sale of country liquor at the shop owned by Cev. D. Wadia 1964-65 and 1965-66 • • . • . 116 24. Distribution of yield by crops during the year ]965-66 ]35 25. Distribution of llwstock by number and type with vanous COll1n1unitles in Dapada 139 26. Distribution of households by annual income and expenditure 148-149 27. Distribution of households and number of their members by annual income, caste, tribe and religion. 152-153 28. Number of households by caste/tribejreligion and income which are in debt with its extent, purpose, source and terms of debt. 156 29. Nature of composition of households with reference to relation to head of household 163 30. Distribution of caste/tribe and by nature of business at Lavachha (Holi festival) 195 31. Distribution of contraceptives by caste/tribe 205 32. Number of letters delivered in the village 206 33. Number of letters despatched from the village 207 34, Dislribution of population by age, sex and marital status 222 35. Di-;tribution of population by religion, casteltribe, age and mantal status 223 36. Number of Khandars of Dapada by religion, tribe & period ;126 37. DistributIOn of population by age at marriage and time of marnage 227 33, Distribution of population by religion, caste/tribe. time of marnage and average age at marnage 228 39. Distribution of households by religion. caste/tribe and marriage payments received during marriage of boy and girl 229 40. Yearly strength of the Government School by sex . 233 41. Pada-wise (Hamlet-wise) distribution of students of the Govcrnment School 234 41. Number of students by age and sex (Government School) 235 ,+3. Nun1b~r of students by standard, tribe/caste (Govern- ment School) 236 44. Yearly strength of students in the Church School by sex 239 45. Pada-wise (Hamlet-wise) distribution of students of the Church Schoo I 240 46. Number of students living in the boarding house of the Church School 241 (ix) PAGE 47. Number of students by age and sex (Church School) 241 48. Number of students by standard, tribe.'caste (Church School) 242 49. Distribution of students in the male tailoring school by caste/tribe 243 50. Number of students by caste/tribe and age in Balwadi (Nursery) 246 51. Pada-wise (Haml~t-\\i~c) distribution of students of both the Primary S-:hools 248 52. Number of students by age and sex in both the Primary Schooh 249 53. Number of students by standard. tribe and caste in both the Primary Schools . 250 54. Particulars of education of children of school-going-age by households 251 55. Numb~r of persons by religion. caste/tribe. sex and literacy, standard/class up to which studied . 252 56. Distribution of population by age-group, and level of education 254 57. Distribution of population by religion. tribe/caste and level of education along with percentages . 256 58. Distribution of mother tongues by religion and castel tribe 261 59. Extent of seasonal migration by caste/tribe. places, unit and purpose (year 1965-66) 264 60. Number of rn-migrants of females due to marriage by religion, caste/tribe, period and place. 266 61. Number of rn-migrants of Khal1dars by religion, caste! tribe and place 269 62. Level of Awareness by religion, caste/tribe. age, sex and educational level 272-273 63. Number of persons by sex and religion who visited places outside Dapada 275 64.. NU'11b~r of p~rS005 staying outside Dapada by religion, caste/trib~. relatIOnship, age, place and occupation 278 65. Typ! of C HUg.!, brought about as a result of liberation . 281 ILLUSTRATIONS Plate No. 1. Front view of a Kokna woman 2. Front view of a Kokna 3. Front view of a Varli 4.