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Chapter 1:The Parts of Speech, 17. Mission of San Miguel of Santa Fe is its pp. 1=27 name. The Noun, p. 1 18. The Wheelwright Museum houses artwork EXERCISE created by Navajos. 1. New Mexico achieved statehood in the 19. In the center of the city are many shops and early twentieth century. restaurants. 2. Santa Fe is the capital of this southwestern 20. This bustling, historic area is named the state. Plaza. 3. It is the oldest and highest United States Proper, Common, Concrete, and Abstract Nouns, capital. p. 2 4. The city lies near the Sangre de Cristo EXERCISE A Mountains, which is a range of the Rocky 1. One of the fastest-growing sports in the Mountains. United States is soccer. y of the instructor. 5. The first European explorers here were 2. Moonrise, Hernandez, New Mexico is one of Spanish. the best-known photographs by Ansel Adams. 6. Before Spanish colonists arrived, the Pueblo lived there peacefully. 3. Climbers often speak of the mystical attraction they feel for Mount Everest. 7. The western end of the famous Santa Fe Trail was there. 4. Has Megan already invited you to her wedding? 8. The trail extended from Missouri to New Mexico. 5. His sister-in-law lives in Cedar Rapids. 9. It was a popular trade route for much of the 6. Another name for Yom Kippur, which is a nineteenth century. Jewish holiday, is Day of Atonement. 10. Tourism is important to the economy of the 7. Bull sharks have been caught in the state. Mississippi River. 11. Santa Fe has many interesting attractions. 8. Enrico can play the trumpet, I believe. 12. One popular attraction is the Palace of the 9. Mount McKinley is also known as Denali. Governors. 10. The recipe calls for chopped jalapeños, 13. It is recognized as the oldest public building doesn’t it? in the nation. EXERCISE B 11. C 16. A 14. The palace is now a part of the Museum of

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. the responsibilit Additions and changes to the original content are 12. A 17. C New Mexico. 13. C 18. A 15. Santa Fe honors its Spanish and American 14. C 19. A Indian heritage at its many historical sites. 15. A 20. C 16. The city has one of the oldest churches in the United States.

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Compound and Collective Nouns, p. 3 Pronouns and Antecedents, p. 4 EXERCISE A EXERCISE A Possessive pronouns in items 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 9 may be classified as adjectives. 1. This California city has perhaps the largest 1. Cesar invited his friends to go camping Chinese community in the United States. with him. 2. Thousands of Chinese Americans live in 2. Erica said she had prepared the whole meal Chinatown. herself. 3. After the second new moon in winter, the 3. Why are the baseball players wearing their Chinese New Year is celebrated by these and caps backward? other Chinese people throughout the world. 4. Jody and Michelle gathered things for a 4. My sister and brother-in-law sent me time capsule and buried it in their backyard. snapshots of last year’s celebration. 5. Loni wore her suede boots in the snow. 5. The people say farewell to one year and Now they are probably stained. welcome the next with great festivities. y of the instructor. 6. Juanita lent Dominic her calculator. He had 6. Exploding firecrackers are part of the left his in his locker. tradition. 7. Brian and Marla play golf whenever they 7. Each year, my grandmother and I put up a can. It is their favorite sport. new paper image of Tsao Shen, the Kitchen God. 8. Ahmal hopes to compete in the next Olympic games. Where will they be held? 8. Traditionally, many people eat seaweed for prosperity. 9. Did Carolyn sprain her ankle while she was skating? 9. The celebration concludes with the Festival of Lanterns. 10. Carlos and Ann decided they could not stay indoors on such a beautiful day. 10. In 2000, the Chinese celebrated the Year of EXERCISE B the Dragon. 11. Baseball requires various talents and skills; EXERCISE B it 11. children family the sport also demands great strength and 12. faculty teachers stamina. 13. committee chairperson 12. Jim Abbott played professional baseball he 14. Congress Capitol despite the fact that Jim Abbott has only 15. his football team a thumb and no fingers on Jim Abbott’s 16. Pep Club cheerleaders right hand. 17. neighbors community His 13. Jim Abbott’s disability did not stop 18. orchestra concert him Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. the responsibilit Additions and changes to the original content are Jim Abbott from succeeding as a major 19. spectators audience 20. flock birds league pitcher. he 14. Ed thought Ed had a baseball card showing his Jim Abbott in Jim Abbott’s New York Yankees uniform.

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it 15. Perhaps the baseball card is in one of these Demonstrative, Interrogative, and Relative them Pronouns, p. 6 other boxes. Let’s look through these other EXERCISE boxes. INTER 1. Who is your karate instructor? Personal, Reflexive, and Intensive Pronouns, p. 5 DEM 2. Is that a picture of Charles Lindbergh’s EXERCISE A Possessive pronouns in items 1-5 may be classified as adjectives. famous airplane? REL 1. My teacher gave me another chance to 3. The family that bought the house next door answer the question correctly. is moving in next week. DEM 2. Did you see the painting that I did for the 4. This is the song we sang in the talent show art fair at our school? at school. INTER 3. My mother reminded us that we had not 5. What will we do if it rains on the day of fed the bird all day. our picnic? INTER 4. Cynthia and Julia took our books by mis- 6. Who went to the movie with you yesterday? y of the instructor. REL take, and we picked up theirs. 7. Both actors who had lead roles in the play 5. Her father asked her to help him carry in were somewhat nervous. DEM the groceries from his car. 8. Those are the fans who sat near the back of EXERCISE B the auditorium. 6. What happened was an accident; you INTER 9. Of the planets Mars and Venus, which is REF shouldn’t blame . yourself closer to Earth? INT 7. Aunt Lingherself made all of the REL 10. Did you say that the girl who won the golf decorations for the anniversary party. match is in the ninth grade? 8. Didn’t Reginald paint a portrait of INTER 11. Whom did Enrique invite to his Cinco de REF ? himself Mayo celebration? 9. We could either buy the piñatas or make REL INT 12. This was the night for which the school them . ourselves orchestra had been preparing. REF 10. I cutmyself when I was fixing the INTER 13. Which of the science exhibits is yours? bicycle chain. REF 14. I enjoyed reading the short stories, especially 11. I am just notmyself today. DEM those. 12. She raised the funds for the new equipment INTER INT 15. Who is the current secretary-general of the . herself United Nations? 13. Tony is outside harvesting okra by DEM REF 16. Oh, these are the tastiest empanadas I have

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. the responsibilit Additions and changes to the original content are himself . REF ever eaten! 14. Suzanne gaveherself a moment to REL 17. Marguerite, whose parents are doctors, catch her breath. knows a great deal about first aid. 15. Did you two create that Web page DEM INT 18. Who is responsible for this ? yourselves ?

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INTER 19. Which of the puppies would you like to 17. Neither of these flashlights works. adopt? 18. No one was absent from school today. DEM 20. Is that a direct quotation? 19. The principal requested that several of the Indefinite Pronouns, p. 7 art students paint a colorful mural on a wall EXERCISE of the school’s lobby. 1. Everyone who went to the space camp had 20. In their search for gold, some of the early a wonderful experience. prospectors found nothing but “fool’s 2. Will you tell the others that the meeting has gold,” or iron pyrite, which looks like gold.

been canceled? Identifying Pronouns, p. 8 3. None of these keys will unlock either of EXERCISE DEM those doors. 1. Those are the pilots whom the general INTEN 4. This peach is sweet. May I have another? himself chose for the mission. PER REF

5. She can run faster than anyone on the 2. She amused herself by reading a book by y of the instructor. school’s track team. Erma Bombeck. DEM IND 6. I have read many of her short stories. 3. Oh, this is some of that delicious tuna salad. INTER REL 7. Is anything wrong? You act as if something 4. What is the name of the senator who is is troubling you. speaking? PER 5. The cyclists took their water bottles with 8. Ken and I spent much of July, August, PER September, and October working on a them on the trail. PER INTEN Kentucky horse farm. 6. We ourselves must decide the number of 9. Someone told me that the bald eagle is no hours to study. REL PER longer on the list of endangered species. 7. Shelley adopted two turtles, which she 10. The teacher asked, “Can anybody in the named Snapper and Swifty. INTER class name the capital of each of the states?” 8. Whom did she invite to go to the PER 11. A few of these baseball cards are extremely movies with her ? PER REL valuable. 9. In the woods, we spotted a doe that had a 12. Are you able to save any of your weekly fawn. IND PER allowance? 10. Each of us had a good time on our trip to 13. The performances by both of the comedians the aquarium. INTER DEM were hilarious! 11. Which of these are endangered species? IND 14. Most of us have already seen that movie. 12. Someone told me that Erica had built the INTEN Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. the responsibilit Additions and changes to the original content are 15. All but one of the club members voted to treehouse herself. PER REF increase the membership dues. 13. How badly did they hurt themselves when 16. Do we have everything we need for the they fell? picnic?

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DEM IND 14. This is one of the best computer games I 8. A young eagle soared swiftly beyond the have ever played! billowy, snow-white clouds. IND 15. Everyone tried to solve the riddle, 9. The new karate instructor is a skillful IND but only a few were successful. teacher. INTER REL 16. Who is the student who painted this beau- 10. In the nest were three tiny newborn robins. tiful seascape? 11. I heard that they are remodeling this old PER IND 17. Have you ever read any of Nina Otero’s barn to convert it into a spacious and works? comfortable home. IND 18. Unlike the others , Maria can read 12. Diana, a talented musician, plays cello in IND something once and recall almost every the local symphony. detail. 13. Which of the species is the largest member DEM REL 19. Is that the baseball that the pitcher of the vulture family?

y of the instructor. autographed for your brother? 14. Doesn’t that movie contain vivid scenes of REF PER 20. Saul likes to keep to himself whenever he gratuitous violence? studies for an exam. 15. Atop the snowcapped mountain peak were The Adjective, p. 9 four weary but joyful climbers. EXERCISE 16. The swirling river wildly tossed the smaller In this book the words my, your, his, her, its, our, empty boats. and their are called possessive pronouns. If you pre- fer to call these words adjectives, you will want to 17. Jane Eyre, a classic novel about enduring refer to the answer in brackets for item 20. love, has been made into a movie several 1. After the hot, humid summer, we welcomed times. the cool, crisp autumn days. 18. The Mexican artist Rufino Tamayo created 2. The driving test requires a thorough under- bold, colorful paintings. standing of the various traffic signs. 19. One of the birthday gifts was a new remote- 3. The mayor surprised everyone at the winter controlled car. carnival by arriving in a horse-drawn 20. My [or My] best friend, Alicia, is an avid sleigh. mystery reader. 4. Completing these math projects took many Pronoun or Adjective? p. 10 hours. EXERCISE ADJ 5. The most important contest in professional 1. These fajitas certainly are spicy! PRO football is the annual Super Bowl game. 2. These are the spiciest fajitas I have ever Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. the responsibilit Additions and changes to the original content are 6. Helena placed a bouquet of fresh flowers in tasted! PRO a vase on the oak table. 3. Most of the ninth graders participated in 7. The curious sightseers looked forward to the readathon. ADJ exploring the mysterious cavern. 4. Most ninth graders participated in the readathon.

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ADJ ADJ 5. Which ice sculpture did you create? 8. Did you have a summer job? PRO N 6. Which of the ice sculptures did you create? 9. The library stays open until 8:00 P.M. PRO ADJ 7. This is one of my favorite songs. 10. I need to return these library books today. ADJ ADJ 8. Do you like this song? 11. That ocean liner is famous for its winter ADJ 9. Aren’t those wildflowers beautiful? cruises. PRO N 10. Yes, those are more colorful than the ones 12. Not every bird flies south for the winter. ADJ we saw earlier. 13. According to the bus schedule, we should PRO 11. What are some languages you speak? arrive by 3:15 P.M. ADJ N 12. What other languages do you speak? 14. Do you want to travel by bus? ADJ N 13. That skyscraper is the tallest one in the 15. Mr. Morris served as principal of the school world. for twenty-three years. PRO ADJ 14. That is the tallest skyscraper in the world. 16. I believe the principal crops of the y of the instructor. ADJ Philippines include rice, corn, coconuts, 15. Either answer is acceptable. PRO bananas, and pineapples. 16. Either of the answers is acceptable. ADJ 17. Our class read Joseph Bruchac’s retelling of 17. Some animals hibernate during the winter. ADJ PRO the Seneca tale titled “Sky Woman.” 18. Toads, turtles, and bats are some of the ani- N 18. Long ago, the Seneca told this story to mals that hibernate during the winter. PRO explain the creation of the earth. 19. Whose are these? N ADJ 19. Do you practice soccer after school every 20. Whose skates are these? day? ADJ Noun or Adjective? p. 11 20. Do you have soccer practice after school EXERCISE ADJ every day? 1. Geraldo is the sports reporter for the school Adjectives in Sentences, p. 12 newspaper. N EXERCISE 2. Geraldo plays two sports at school: baseball 1. The movie is set in the West during the and field hockey. latter part of the nineteenth century. 3. The students are busily working on their ADJ 2. John J. Dunbar, the main character, is a science projects. Civil War veteran. N 4. Which course in science are you taking this 3. Dunbar had been an army lieutenant. year? ADJ 4. The Lakota Sioux, cautious and 5. I took this snapshot of the New York City

apprehensive, eventually befriend Dunbar. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. the responsibilit Additions and changes to the original content are skyline. N 5. The friendly lieutenant maintains a peaceful 6. Albany, not New York City, is the capital of relationship with the Lakota Sioux. New York. N 6. In the beginning some minor problems do 7. For most of the summer, I worked at a local arise. farmers’ market.

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7. A greater conflict occurs when other soldiers 3. The minute the dew dries, Amy says to me, arrive. “Grab the lawn mower!” 8. Kevin Costner both starred in and directed 4. While I cut the grass, Amy edges the lawn. this powerful film. 5. After we neatly clip the grass, we weed the 9. Costner is not only a talented actor but also flower garden. a skilled director. 6. I loosen the dirt around the flowers, and 10. Costner was especially careful about pre- my sister pulls the weeds. senting an accurate picture of the Lakota 7. By noon both the lawn and the garden look Sioux. decidedly better than they did earlier. 11. He hired a woman to teach the Lakota Sioux 8. Tired and thirsty, we go inside, wash our language to many actors in the film. hands, and eat lunch. 12. He also dispatched designers to find 9. Nature, however, stands still for no one.

y of the instructor. authentic clothing and jewelry. 10. Almost at once, new weeds appear in the 13. Tending to so many details must have taken garden. Costner and the film crew a long time. 11. Within a few days the grass again creeps 14. Graham Greene and Floyd Red Crow over the edges of the driveway. Westerman were two of many 12. Amy and I do the job all over again the American Indians selected for important next Saturday. parts in the movie. 13. Fortunately, both of us like outdoor work 15. The performances by these actors are and enjoy our jobs as “yardeners.” certainly praiseworthy. 14. Every Saturday afternoon, we have another 16. This movie was a box-office success. chore. 17. Some Hollywood critics predicted that the 15. My sister and I clean our rooms. three-hour movie would fail. 16. Amy, who is neat, usually finishes before I 18. Numerous other movie critics, however, do. praised the film. 17. Consequently, she often helps me. 19. Did Costner receive any Oscar nominations 18. I certainly appreciate her assistance. for acting and directing? 19. My sister and I work very well together. 20. This wonderful film received a number of 20. We are not only sisters but also best friends. nominations and won several awards. Transitive and Intransitive Verbs, p. 14 The Verb, p. 13 Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. the responsibilit Additions and changes to the original content are EXERCISE EXERCISE T 1. In the 1600s, English taxes supported the 1. Soon after breakfast, Amy and I go outside Church of England. and begin our chores. T 2. Some people considered the taxes unfair. 2. We start early because by noon the weather is usually too hot.

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T 3. For others, the Americas provided an 4. P 11. P 18. N opportunity for religious freedom. 5. N 12. M 19. M I 6. 13. 20. 4. Many people immigrated to the colonies. M P P T 7. P 14. N 5. Victims of religious intolerance sought an EXERCISE B escape from persecution. I 21. In her spare time my mother designs and 6. The Puritans, for example, disagreed with pieces quilts. many Church of England policies. T 22. The first quilt she made is extremely special 7. As a result, some Puritans left England. T to me. 8. This religious group founded settlements in 23. She used pieces of clothing that I wore Virginia and New England. I when I was an infant. 9. Indentured servants also traveled to 24. Everyone we know admires her quilts and American shores. T says they are incredibly beautiful. 10. The poor of England desired economic y of the instructor. 25. My mother gets much joy and satisfaction opportunity. I from her hobby; in fact, she often calls her 11. They worked in America as payment for hobby a labor of love. their passage. I Linking Verbs, p. 16 12. Many remained in America after settlement EXERCISE of their debts. 1. Mother felt ill this morning. T 13. Some indentured themselves for seven 2. Shirley is the secretary and the treasurer of years. the class. I 14. Tenant farmers came, too. 3. The bread on the counter smelled delicious. T 15. They brought their dreams of prosperity 4. Connie grew bored and restless toward the with them. end of the movie. I 16. These colonial settlers arrived with hope. 5. Affie seemed confused by the directions 17. From the American Indians, the immigrants that you gave him. T learned a great deal. 6. Are we still friends? T 18. New England colonists celebrated their first 7. The new student looks familiar to me. Thanksgiving Day in America in 1621. 8. T Are all deserts hot and dry? 19. They held the celebration after the harvest. 9. The scout leader was proud of her troop. 20. Many of their American Indian neighbors I 10. What is the problem? shared in the celebration. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. the responsibilit Additions and changes to the original content are 11. During this time of year, the weather often Action Verbs, p. 15 becomes stormy in the late afternoon. EXERCISE A 1. N 8. P 15. M 12. My voice sounds hoarse from all that cheer- 2. M 9. N 16. M ing at the game. 3. P 10. M 17. P

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13. The salesperson seemed annoyed by the 8. Are any of the pyramids being restored shoppers who crowded the store. today? 14. The captain of the ship remained calm and 9. The Hanging Gardens of Babylon were optimistic. built by Nebuchadnezzar around 600 B.C. 15. This fabric turned white from exposure to 10. These gardens were set on terraces high the sun. above a vaulted building. 16. Do you know whether the library is open 11. Some historians have estimated the on Saturdays? terraces’ height at 75 feet to 300 feet. 17. The lights grew dimmer in the theater. 12. The Statue of Zeus at Olympia was made of 18. The tourists were curious about the myste- ivory and gold. rious cave. 13. The statue has not survived, but pictures of 19. A few of the tomatoes on the vines are it do appear on coins.

y of the instructor. already ripe. 14. Did Goths destroy the Temple of Artemis at 20. I absolutely have to say that I think the Ephesus in the third century A.D.? costume for my character in the play looks 15. Some remains of the Mausoleum at ridiculous! Halicarnassus are housed in the British

Verb Phrases, p. 17 Museum. EXERCISE 16. The other two wonders—the Colossus at 1. Can you name the Seven Wonders of the Rhodes and the Lighthouse of Alexandria— Ancient World? were completed in the third century B.C. 2. Some people may ask why these structures 17. Did earthquakes destroy both of these are called wonders. wonders? 3. Could it be that people have “wondered” 18. You should always look in several sources how these monumental structures could for information about the seven wonders. have been built without the kinds of 19. You will find that some historians do not construction equipment that builders are agree with this list of wonders. using today? 20. For example, some historians have 4. The pyramids of Egypt were constructed identified the Walls of Babylon, instead of around 2600 B.C. the Hanging Gardens, as a wonder.

5. The three pyramids are considered the The Adverb, p. 18 oldest of the seven wonders. Answers may vary slightly. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. the responsibilit Additions and changes to the original content are 6. The largest of the pyramids was EXERCISE to what extent commissioned by Khufu, an Egyptian king. 1. During summer vacations I usually go to 7. Of the seven wonders, this group of camp. how pyramids has survived in the best condition. 2. The swirling river tossed the boat wildly.

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when 3. We will meet you later at the library. ADV, V 2. White, billowy clouds drifted to what extent 4. Dangerously strong winds threatened the rather calmly past my window. coastal villages. V, ADJ 3. Earlier the weather service had when where 5. Hurry! Our bus is already here! predicted unseasonably stormy where conditions. 6. Where do you go to school? ADV, V 4. The flight attendants insisted 7. I try to avoid horror movies, for they how most politely that we fasten our frighten me badly. to what extent seat belts. 8. The actor would not wear the silly costume V 5. We neared our destination, and chosen by the director. the airplane suddenly plunged. 9. “If you want a chance to win the tickets, when ADV, V, V 6. Almost immediately, I checked call now!” cried the announcer. my seat belt and braced myself. 10. The concert artist Yo-Yo Ma’s performance to what extent V, V 7. Soon, the pilot skillfully leveled y of the instructor. was exceedingly polished. to what extent the airplane. 11. Although I practice daily, I am a clumsy V 8. Seeing the runway, we relaxed, piano player. and the airplane landed safely. 12. The children held hands and crossed the how ADJ 9. I was extremely happy to touch street cautiously. to what extent the ground. 13. The weather in April was unusually warm. when V, V 10. We rented a car and drove away 14. Ricardo and I arrived earlier than the other slowly. guests. how V, ADJ 11. We greatly enjoyed our road 15. The audience waited restlessly for the trip, for our route was very concert to begin. to what extent scenic. 16. Is this garden soil too sandy, Manuel? when to what extent ADV, V 12. We reached our hotel fairly late. 17. Skateboarding is still a very popular form V 13. We eventually went to Venice, of recreation. where which sits on small Adriatic 18. An elderly woman walked over and offered islands. to help us. V, V 14. Cars are not used there. 19. The young street artist drew a caricature to what extent V, ADJ 15. Today, motorboats are more that was quite good. when common than gondolas. 20. On the first day at camp, we arose early V 16. The main water route is and went fishing. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. the responsibilit Additions and changes to the original content are appropriately named the Grand Adverbs and the Words They Modify, p. 19 Canal. EXERCISE ADJ 17. Numerous bridges span the V 1. Yesterday, my family and I canals, connecting somewhat boarded a small plane. narrow streets.

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V, ADJ 18. Saint Mark’s Square is often The Preposition, p. 21 quite crowded. EXERCISE 1. In 1840, the British issued the first postage ADJ, V 19. Many remarkably beautiful buildings, including the Doges’ stamps. Palace, rest nearby. 2. Prior to this innovation, the recipient usually was responsible for the postage. ADJ 20. The tall bell tower of Saint Mark is the most conspicuous 3. Thus, mail service was used mainly by the structure in the square. wealthy.

Noun or Adverb? p. 20 4. However, the new “penny post” made mail EXERCISE delivery affordable for most people. 1. Shouldn’t we transplant these seedlings 5. Soon, people throughout Britain were ADV now? sending each other greeting cards. N 2. y of the instructor. Yes, now is a good time to transplant these 6. Greeting cards became popular in the seedlings. United States also. N 3. Here is the place where you should stand. 7. People bought Christmas cards and ADV 4. Please stand here . valentines from individual designers. ADV 5. Ernesto crossed the finish line first . 8. Joyce Hall, who earned a living with his N 6. The first to cross the finish line was Ernesto. picture postcards, founded a card company. 9. 7. Are the essays for the writing contest due Over the years, Hall’s company has grown ADV Friday? into a successful business. N 10. 8. Yes, the deadline for the essays is Friday . Today, in addition to Hall’s company, many ADV other card companies sell greeting cards. 9. Have you seen Emily today ? N 11. Seemingly, there is a card for every occasion. 10. Isn’t today the first day of winter? ADV 12. As I look through card racks, I am usually 11. Who used this computer last ? N drawn to the humor section. 12. I think Sara was the last to use this 13. When I read the cover of a humorous card, computer. ADV I enjoy guessing what the funny verse 13. Please be home by 9:00 P.M. inside the card will say. N 14. Her home is about a mile from here. 14. At Christmas last year, my parents gave me N 15. We painted the outside of the shed. a computer. ADV 16. The children are playing outside . 15. Along with the computer came software

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. the responsibilit Additions and changes to the original content are N 17. I am looking forward to then . that enables me to create greeting cards. ADV 18. I will be fifteen years old then . 16. I sent the first birthday card I created to my ADV 19. Are you leaving tonight or early in the pen pal in the Philippines. morning? 17. Across the card’s cover, I wrote HAPPY N 20. Tonight is opening night for our school play. BIRTHDAY!

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18. I replaced the I in BIRTHDAY with a 5. Goodness! I’ve never seen such a long picture of a candle. snake. 19. Then I placed a cake under the words so 6. Oh, it’s really harmless. that they all looked like decorations on it. 7. Wow! That’s a relief! 20. Inside the card was a funny verse amid 8. Do you think that, well, you might want to small pictures of wrapped gifts. put the snake back in its terrarium? The Conjunction, p. 22 9. The snake, alas, seems to have disappeared. EXERCISE A 10. Aha! There it is, hanging from the chande- 1. Neither Tessa nor I have ever seen a profes- lier. sional dance company perform live. EXERCISE B 2. Today I bought tickets to an Alvin Ailey Revisions will vary. Samples responses are given. production, so I am quite excited. 11. Well, Mom told us that not all of the snakes are dangerous, of course.

3. Alvin Ailey was born in Texas in 1931, but y of the instructor. 12. Hey! A man named Snakeman was their he eventually moved to New York. guide in Trinidad. 4. As a young man he danced in many shows, 13. Wow! Snakeman held the world record for and in 1958, he formed the Alvin Ailey capturing bushmasters. American Dance Theater. 14. Yikes! Isn’t the bushmaster a large, poison- ous snake? 5. Not only as a dancer but also as the chor- 15. Oh, the Asa Wright Nature Center in eographer of the dance company, Ailey was Trinidad encompasses close to five hundred very much admired. acres. EXERCISE B Determining Parts of Speech, p. 24 Sentences will vary. Sample responses are given. EXERCISE 6. ADJ I enjoy winter and summer sports. 1. Marianne exhibited her model spacecraft at 7. Neither Chico nor Matt was at the game. the science fair. 8. I know that contact lens must be either 2. How long did it take Marianne to build the under the bed or behind the desk. N 9. Jolene worked all day, so in the evening she model? PREP rested. 3. We stopped by your house, but you weren’t 10. He carried out his order swiftly and quietly. home. ADV The Interjection, p. 23 4. At what time did you stop by ? EXERCISE A PRO 5. These are extremely tasty pears. 1. Yikes! There’s a snake under the table! ADJ 6. Substitute these new art supplies for your

2. Oops! I must have forgotten to cover the Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. the responsibilit Additions and changes to the original content are old ones. terrarium. V 7. Doesn’t Ms. Napoli coach the girls’ basket- 3. I like snakes, but, whoa, not when I’m eat- ball team? ing dinner. N 8. She is also the coach of the school’s swim 4. I tend to scream when snakes crawl over team. my feet, ugh!

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PREP ADV 9. Everyone but Bethany was at the meeting. 9. I sometimes become impatient because I CONJ N 10. Actually, Bethany came to the meeting but want to talk about my day at school . left early. 10. I start with tales about the ride on the N N N 11. Are you a member of the student council ? school bus in the morning . ADJ PRO V 12. The council members meet twice a month. 11. Then I tell about all of the classes I have . N N ADJ 13. All of the volunteers at the fund-raiser 12. My best friend, Cheryl , and I have every were a big help. class together. V 14. Selena always volunteers to help. 13. My favorite subjects are history and science, ADV CONJ 15. I left my books inside on the table. so I usually tell my family a great deal ADJ PREP about classes. 16. I left my books inside my locker. those ADJ 14. I especially have a lot to say when my his- 17. That painting must be extremely valuable. N PRO tory class has gone on a field trip or my 18. That must be an extremely valuable V

y of the instructor. science class has performed an experiment. painting. ADV INTER 15. My brother generally shouts, “No more 19. Well, that seems like a good idea. CONJ stories about fossils and explosions!” 20. Don’t you think that everyone on the team ADV 16. My mother often has said to my brother, played well? V PRO [or ADJ] “Let your sister finish her story.” Review A: Parts of Speech, p. 25 PREP EXERCISE 17. In addition to telling about my classes and PREP In this book the words my, your, his, her, its, our, extracurricular activities, I tell about what and their are called possessive pronouns. If you pre- my friends and I do at lunch. fer to call these words adjectives, you will want to ADJ PRO refer to the answers in brackets for items 3 and 16. 18. Frequently, one story leads to the next one PRO ADJ 1. and then to the next and the next. This is an important time for all of us. PRO V PREP 2. 19. As I keep going from one story to another , We discuss what we have done during the PREP day. big grins appear on my parents’ faces. ADV PRO [or ADJ] 3. 20. When I ask why they are grinning, they It is usually hard for my little brother to INTER V recall what he has done. reply, “Well , wouldn’t you like to hear a lit- CONJ tle about our day?” 4. Then Mom or Dad asks him some N questions. Review B: Parts of Speech, p. 26 INTER ADV EXERCISE 5. “Oh , I remember now ,” my brother eventu- In this book the words my, your, his, her, its, our, ally says. and their are called possessive pronouns. If you pre- PREP ADJ 6. Then he begins telling about his morning fer to call these words adjectives, you will want to Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. the responsibilit Additions and changes to the original content are refer to the answer in brackets for item 16. adventures. N ADJ ADV ADJ 1. My grandfather , a Texas rancher, loves dogs. 7. He often becomes quite lively when he N V talks about them. 2. The porch of his ranch house ordinarily is PRO V full of dogs of all shapes and sizes. 8. Some of my brother’s stories sound silly to me.

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PRO PRO 3. My grandmother, who is fond of cats, has 20. Rascal seems to act as protector of all of the ADJ ADJ several big Persian cats. other dogs on the ranch. ADJ 4. They generally feel happiest inside the Review C: Parts of Speech, p. 27 V house because, outside, the dogs will chase EXERCISE them up the nearest tree. In this book the words my, your, his, her, its, our, and their are called possessive pronouns. If you pre- 5. Some of the smaller cats cannot climb back fer to call these words adjectives, you will want to ADV down, and a ranch hand must rescue them refer to the answer in brackets for item 3. PREP N ADJ with a ladder. 1. Thousands of wildflowers are native to INTER N 6. “Whew , those dogs can be such a bother !” Australia. ADJ my grandmother exclaims. 2. Among those species is a red-and-green CONJ N 7. Needless to say, the quiet cats and the play- wildflower called the kangaroo paw . ADV PRO [or ADJ] PRO ful dogs do not mix well . 3. Its shape resembles that of a kangaroo’s V

8. Grandfather keeps the mischievous dogs hind foot. y of the instructor. N away from the cattle . 4. Other plants found in Australia include the PRO ADJ ADV N 9. Many of the steers angrily charge all dogs. especially fragrant honeyflower and the 10. Grandfather’s dogs usually stay inside the beautiful fuchsia. CONJ PREP wooden fence, but occasionally they leave 5. With bright red blooms the spear lily N ADV this safe place . commonly grows twelve feet tall. V N V 11. If they do wander near the cattle, the dogs 6. Many different varieties of orchid thrive on ADV are soon forced to retreat. the continent. ADV INTER ADJ 12. The dogs then return to their comparatively 7. Oh, how delicate the lovely orchids are! PREP PREP dull life inside the yard. 8. Across the continent grows the acacia, ADJ ADV 13. Frequent visits from us always delight which is often called the wattle tree. PRO them. 9. Early European settlers in Australia discov- PRO V V 14. When the dogs see us , they wag their tails ered that they could build walls and roofs CONJ enthusiastically. by intertwining, or wattling, the flexible ADV PREP 15. Generally, the excited dogs crowd around branches of the acacia. PREP us. 10. Also growing throughout Australia is the PRO [or ADJ] N 16. My little brother’s favorite dogs, naturally, eucalyptus, or the gum tree. N ADJ ADJ are the puppies . 11. Eucalyptus leaves are the principal source ADJ V 17. The roly-poly puppies frequently stumble of food for the koala.

PRO Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. the responsibilit Additions and changes to the original content are and fall. 12. The koala is a marsupial, an animal that has 18. The puppies ordinarily stay near the an external abdominal pouch for carrying PREP PREP N kennels throughout their first year of life. and nursing its young . PRO PREP 19. The oldest dog that lives at the ranch is a 13. In addition to the koala, more than forty N V German shepherd named Rascal. kinds of kangaroo live in Australia.

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ADJ 14. One of the tallest species is the red 17. The platypus is unlike most other mammals N ADV PRO kangaroo; much smaller are the wallaby in that it lays eggs. V and the rat kangaroo. 18. Australia also has many special birds, PREP CONJ 15. Among other Australian marsupials are the including the emu and the black swan. PRO wombat, which resembles a small bear, and 19. Unlike most other birds, the emu cannot fly, CONJ V the bandicoot, which looks like a rat. but it can run very swiftly. PRO ADV INTER 16. One of the most unusual mammals on the 20. Wow! The black swan certainly looks ADJ continent is the platypus. powerful in flight! y of the instructor. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. the responsibilit Additions and changes to the original content are

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Interactive Grammar WorkText Answer Key Section 1:Applying Grammar,Usage,and Mechanics

Chapter 1:The Parts of Speech, EXERCISE B pp. 1=4 Responses will vary. A sample response is given. Choices: Exploring Parts of Speech, p. 1 Pressing herself flat against the back door of the Choices activities are designed to extend and abandoned Johnson house near the end of the enrich students’ understanding of grammar, lane, Barbara Smith bided her time. When she usage, and mechanics and to take learners heard the footsteps of the two big men recede beyond traditional classroom instruction. To use and the men’s voices grow faint, she slid for- the Choices worksheet, have each student pick ward, scraping her elbow on the rough door- an activity that interests him or her. In some jamb. cases, you may wish to assign an activity to a EXERCISE C particular student or group of students. You Responses will vary. A sample response is given. may also want to request that students get your approval for the activities they choose. Establish An hour before sunset, I looked out my window guidelines for what constitutes successful com- and saw two people walking along the beach pletion of an activity. Then, help students plan toward my house. They looked like Mark and how they will share their work with the rest of Crystal, my friends who lived nearby. They the class. threaded their way among shells and seaweed, Choices activities can be scored with a pass- fail grade or treated as bonus-point projects. occasionally stooping to pick up a stranded Those activities that require students to research starfish and put it back in the water. I could or create a certain number of items might be hear their happy voices carried on the salty graded in a traditional manner. breeze from the Atlantic Ocean. I grabbed my Literary Model: Using Nouns to Create Setting, surfboard from the rack by the door. We would pp. 2=3 EXERCISE A have time for some surfing and swimming 1. wall; Señor Aguilar’s; hotel; Avenida Ruiz; before dark! Lupita Torres; time; doors; car; tourist; EXERCISE D Responses will vary. A sample response is given. engine; back; stucco Yes, because the common nouns are specific 2. Responses will vary. A sample response is given. enough to create a clear setting and tone. For The names and street names in Spanish example, “shells,” “seaweed,” and “starfish” suggest that the setting is a primarily create a beach setting, and the writer’s anticipa- Spanish-speaking area. The fact that the tion of her friends’ arrival and her excitement person in the yanqui car is a tourist suggests about surfing create a clear tone. The addition that the setting may be a Latin American or of the friends’ names and the fact that this South American country. The fact that the beach is on the Atlantic Ocean don’t make the hotel is on an avenida shows that the setting setting and tone particularly more specific.

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. of the instructor. the responsibility Additions to the original content are is in a town or urban area rather than in the country.

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Writing Application: Description, p. 4 Three or more interesting adverbs are used in Writing Applications are designed to provide the paragraph. students immediate composition practice in 12345 using key concepts taught in each chapter of Both sections of the prompt are addressed: the the Grammar, Usage, and Mechanics: Language description of the painting and the speculation Skills Practice booklet. You may wish to evaluate on the subject’s thoughts. student responses to these assignments as you 12345 do any other writing that students produce. To save grading time, however, you may want to The assignment is relatively free of errors in use the following scoring rubric. usage and mechanics. 12445 Scoring Rubric Three or more carefully chosen adjectives are Total Score used in the paragraph. 5 highest; 1 lowest 12345 Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. of the instructor. the responsibility Additions to the original content are

2 ELEMENTS OF LANGUAGE | Third Course