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Early Cambrian Trilobites from Northern Scandinavia

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Early Cambrian Trilobites from Northern Scandinavia Early Cambrian trilobites from northern Scandinavia PER AHLBERG Ahlberg, P.: Early Cambrian trilobites from northern Scandinavia. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, Vol. 60, pp. 153-159. Oslo 1980. ISSN 0029-196X. Ptychopariid trilobites from the uppermost local Lower Cambrian north of the lake Tornetriisk, northern Swedish Lappland, and eastern Troms, northern Norway, are described. The available material consists of only eleven incomplete cranidia, collected by T. Vogt in 1915 from three localities in the autochthonous sequence of the Scandinavian Caledonides. The cranidia are referred to two species: Ellipsocephalus cf. gripi and Strenuaeva inflata. The former was collected from a somewhat lower leve! than the latter. In addition a fragmentary meraspis cranidium is described and questionably referred to the genus Ellipsocephalus. P. Ah/berg, Geo/ogiska institutionen, Lunds universitet, Solvegatan 13, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden. Along the eastern margin of the Scandinavian Moberg 1908) in the autochthonous sequence. Caledonides, Lower Cambrian trilobites have These have been described by Moberg (1908) been recorded from a variety of localities. The and Ahlberg & Bergstrom (1978) and comprise majority of these localities are situated in the the following species: Strenuaeva inflata Ahl­ narrow strip of autochthonous sediments of the berg & Bergstrom, 1978, Comluella? lapponica Caledonian Front. However, important trilobite Ahlberg, 1979 and Proampyx triangularis Ahl­ localities are also known in the allochthonous berg & Bergstrom, 1978. Lower Cambrian trilo­ sequence, e.g. the classical locality of TØmten, bites have also been obtained from the over­ Ringsaker, Norway, and the locality in the over­ thrusted rocks of Luopakte (see Ahlberg 1979), thrusted nappe of the mountain Luopakte, south and they are closely comparable to the trilobites of the lake Tornetrask, northem Sweden (see from the autochthonous sequence of Luopakte. Ahlberg 1979). Eight specimens of tribolites are known from North of Tornetrask, northern Swedish Lapp­ Doarrovarre and Frihetsli. They were obtained land, and in eastern Troms, northern Norway, from a calcareous bed (member F 3, Vogt 1967) Lower Cambrian trilobites have been recorded on top of a sequence of shales underlying the from three principal localities in the autochthon­ alum shales. This fossiliferous impure limestone ous sediments (Vogt 1967) (Fig. l): has a maximum thickness of l. 7 m, and it is regarded as the top of the local Lower Cambrian l. South of the mountain V aivantjåkka, north of (V o gt 1967: 14 ). Apart from trilobites, this bed Tornetrask, northern Swedish Lappland. The has also yielded some inarticulate brachiopods, locality is situated in a small brook about 2 in V o gt (1967) referred to Obo/us cf. favosus km E of the mouth of the rivulet Vakkejåkka ( = Glyptias cf. favosa). Probably all trilobite (Vakkejokk, Ortojokk). specimens can be referred to Strenuaeva inflata, 2. The southeasternmost part of the mountain known from Luopakte. As indicated by the Doarrovarre, eastem Troms, northern Nor­ fauna, the lithology and the position in the way. sequence, member F 3 of Vogt (1967), is cor­ 3. A small brook about l km S of Frihetsli in the relatable with the trilobite-bearing bed (lay er 23, valley Dividalen, eastern Troms, northern profile Il, Moberg 1908) in the autochthonous Norway. sequence of Luopakte. The alum shale overlying the fossiliferous limestone has not yielded any In addition, a fragmentary trilobite larva is fossils and it is not certain whether it is Middle or known from a boulder at RØkskar, south of the Late Cambrian in age. lake Altevatnet, eastern Troms. From the locality at V aivantjåkka two trilobite South of Tornetrask, Lower Cambrian trilo­ cranidia associated with obolellid? and lingulid bites are known from the uppermost local Lower brachiopods have been collected at a somewhat Cambrian of Luopakte (layer 23, profile Il, lower leve! (member F l, Vogt 1967) than the Il- GeologiskTidsskr. 3/80 154 P. Ahlberg NORSK GEOLOGISK TIDSSKRIFT 3 (1980) l l j / ....... , /.. ./ / / / / 1 / 10km Fig. l. Simplified geological map Allochthonous rocks of the Tornetrask area, northern DIIJl Swedish Lappland, and south­ eastern Troms, northern Nor­ way, showing the distribution of Pre - Cambrian base - autochthonous Cambrian and D ment Vendian rocks and the position of trilobite localities. The dis­ • Trilobite locality tribution of rocks slightly mod­ ified after Vogt (1967, pl. l) and Kulling (1964, pl. 1). faunas above. One of the cranidia is here refer­ referred to Vogt (l%7). The Caledonian geology red to Ellipsocephalus cf. gripi (Kautsky 1945). in the northern part of the Swedish Lappland has The other is too fragmentary for identification. been treated by Kulling (1960, 1964). The geology For further information regarding the collec­ and stratigraphy of the autochthonous Cambrian ting sites, and the geology and stratigraphy of rocks of the Scandinavian Caledonides are sum­ the Troms area, northern Norway, the reader is marized by Martinsson (1974:233-238). NORSK GEOLOGISK TIDSSKRIFT 3 (1980) Early Cambrian tri/obites 155 NORTHERN SWEDISH EASTERN TROMS, LAPPLAND (Luopaktel NORTHERN NORWAY c: alum shale alum shale 1'-· c ·c: (layer 24, profile 11, Moberg 1908l (member G, Vogt 1967l .!E ..c "C 12m variable thickness "C E c i: u --- marly shale and limestone marly shale and limestone (layer 23, profile 11, Moberg 1908l (member F 3, Vogt 1967 l 1.7m - ...:t o- 1.7m "' Trilobites: � Strenuaeva inflata Trilobites: o"' Comluella? lapponir:a Sfrenuaeva in flata � Proampyx friangularis c:n lnarticulate brachiopods lnarticulate brachiopods .S: ::J ""'- green c: green shale shale u.: c ( layers 21-22, profile 11, Moberg 1908 l (member F2, Vogt 1967 l ·c: "' ..c -a 16m 11-46 m E .r:: c (/) u '- impure limestone "' impure limestone a. (member F1, Vogt 1967l a. .... ::l (layer 20, profile 11, Moberg 1908l o- QJ 0.5m � Trilobites: o 0.5m _J No fossils encountered Ellipsocephalus cf. gripi lnarticulate brachiopods sandstones and shales , sandstones and shales, probably with several unconformities pro ba bly with several unconformities --- Approx. 100m 50-150m c: Platyso/enites in the Lower Cambrian, c :o Vendotaenia sp. in the Vendian Platysolenifes in the Lower Cambrian c: QJ > --- r. crystalline ba sement crystalline basement Fig. 2. Generalized stratigraphic table of the autochthonous sequence in northem Swedish Lappland (Luopakte) and eastern Troms, northem Norway, showing the distribution of selected fossils. The occurrence of Vendotaenia sp. according to personal communication by G. Vida!, 1979. Ellipsocephalus cf. gripi and inarticulate brachiopods recorded from member F l of Vogt (1967), from the locality at Vaivantjåkka, north of Tornetriisk, northern Swedish Lappland, have been included in the Troms section because of the stratigraphic importance. 156 P. Ahlberg NORSK GEOLOGISK TIDSSKRIFT 3 (1980) Systematic palaeontology Ellipsocephalus cf. grip i (Kautsky, 1945) Material. -Il cranidia and some indeterminable fragments. All the material was collected by T. Fig. 3, C Vogt in 1915. Since then no additional specimens O v 1967 Ellipsocephalus sp., Vogt: 22, 25. O v 1974 El­ have been added, and the collection of Vogt lipsocephalid, Martinsson: 236 (line 37). O cf. v 1978 El­ forms the basis for this paper. lipsocepha/us gripi (Kautsky, 1945), Ahlberg & Bergstrom: 15-17, pl. l, figs. 6--7, 10 (List of synonyms). O cf. v 1979 Preservation. - Most cranidia are preserved as Ellipsocephalus cf. gripi (Kautsky, 1945), Ahlberg: 8-9, fig. internal or external moulds. Two specimens are 3H. preserved with the exoskeleton. Remnants of the Material. -The right half of a single cranidium, exoskeleton are present in three cranidia. The preserved as an internal mould with remnants of majority of the cranidia are probably affected by the exoskeleton. dorso-ventral compression, and in a few cases they have also undergone tectonic distortion to Description. - The glabella tapers gently for­ some extent. wards and occupies about two-thirds the total cranidial length. Three pairs of lateral glabellar Repository. - All figured specimens except the furrows are evident, none of them deeply in­ holotype of Strenuaeva inflata are deposited in cised. The dorsal furrows are only slightly im­ Palaeontologisk museum, Oslo, Norway pressed and the glabella is set off from the (catalogue numbers preceded by PMO). The fixigenae mainly by its convexity. The occipital unfigured material is also housed in that ring is sagittally comparatively wide. The occipi­ museum. The cited specimen of S. inflata is in tal furrow is distinct, wide and bowed forward the collections of the Geologiska institutionen, medially. The frontal area is convex and slopes Lunds universitet, Lund, Sweden. down to the anterior margin. The cranidium is Terminology. -Morphological terms used are in evenly rounded anteriorly. The anterior sections accordance with Harrington, Moore & Stub­ of the facial suture diverge forwards. The fixi­ blefield (in Moore 1959). The symbols used in gena is incomplete but seems to be more or less the synonymy lists are explained by Matthews horizontal. Distinct eye ridges are not present. (1973:717-718). Measurements. - Length (sag.) of cranidium 16.6 mm; length (sag.) of glabella 10.5 mm; 1ength (sag.) of occipita1 ring 2.5 mm; width Order PTYCHOP ARilD A (sag.) of occipita1 furrow 1.0 mm. 1915 Swinnerton, Remarks. -The frontal area seems to be slightly Superfamily SOLENOPLEURACEA Angelin, 1854 shorter (sag.)
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