Fuji Electric’s Efforts Involving Next-generation Energy and Social Systems Yutaka Fueki † Jimpei Kuwayama †

ABSTRACT

In order to realize the “Fuji Smart Network System” as a next-generation energy and social system, Fuji Elec- tric aims to realize power stability, energy savings and reduced carbon emissions in a targeted area by employing geographical distribution, and to construct a system that does not affect power transmission systems. The system aims to resolve energy-related problems within each region by addressing, through region-wide initiatives, increased voltage resulting from the adoption of large amounts of solar power, energy conservation by direct and indirect load control using smart meters, and the interchange of heat and gas or other energy sources. Fuji Electric is participat- ing in planning for Kitakyushu City and Keihanna Science City in , and having been commissioned by NEDO, is conducting a basic survey for overseas.

feature issue: Smart Community

1. Introduction tion in demonstration projects are described.

To achieve a low carbon society, the adoption of 2.1 Defi nitions renewable energy, electric vehicles (EV), energy saving (1) Smart grid homes, zero-emission buildings, and the introduction of To resolve the power quality-related issues that ac- high effi ciency equipment in factories have been stud- company the large-scale introduction of renewable en- ied extensively. Recently, in addition to the introduc- ergy, a smart grid provides an information network for tion of stand-alone energy-saving and energy-creating controlling power and performs real-time adjustments equipment, efforts aiming to utilize bidirectional com- of the supply and demand of energy, and the following munication, such as with a smart meter, in order to benefi ts can be obtained as a result. utilize energy effectively throughout a region have (a) Stable utilization of power is ensured and the been attracting attention. risk of a large-scale power outage is reduced In Japan, region-wide optimal energy management (b) Energy savings and effi cient energy utilization that includes electric utilities, companies that gener- are promoted integrally with customers ate renewable energy, and consumers, the effective (c) Optimization of electric power facility mainte- utilization of not just electrical energy, but also heat, nance and management gas and the water environment, as well as demonstra- (2) Smart communities tion projects for creating eco-friendly urban spaces and A smart community is a new type of “city plan- transforming consumer lifestyles are being promoted. ning” that aims to achieve a low carbon footprint as Overseas, infrastructure improving projects for electric well as increased convenience for its residents and to power, heat, gas, the water environment, transporta- foster urban renewal. Smart communities are next- tion and the like are actively being carried out for cit- generation type local communities and are built using ies and industrial parks. the latest technologies, such as smart grids. Smart Fuji Electric is participating in projects to con- communities are formed by creating living spaces that struct a next-generation energy and social system in achieve both improved comfort and energy savings Japan in order to create a smart community that is an through the effective utilization of energy, the intro- eco-friendly city, and is also actively conducting a sur- duction of renewable energy, and the renovation of vey of overseas smart communities. transportation systems, and the information networks that link these smart communities also play an impor- 2. Next-Generation Energy and Social Systems tant role.

Below, defi nitions of a smart grid and smart com- 2.2 Fuji Electric’s vision of next-generation energy and munity are presented, and initiatives and social systems demonstration projects for next generation and energy Fuji Electric aims to build a geographically-distrib- and social systems, as well as Fuji Electric’s participa- uted type next-generation energy and social system that achieves power stabilization, energy savings and † Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. a smaller carbon footprint for a target region, and that

117 does not negatively affect the power distribution sys- 2006, for the purpose of demonstrating these technolo- tem. gies, a “Regional Energy Management Development The next-generation energy and social system aims and Complex Storage System Technology Development to resolve energy-related problems within each region Project” was made public, and demonstration projects by addressing, through region-wide initiatives, the in- of the next-generation energy and social system were crease in voltage resulting from the adoption of large decided to be carried out for 5 years beginning in 2010 amounts of solar power, and to realize energy conser- in Kitakyushu City, Keihanna Science City, Yokohama vation by direct and indirect load control using smart City and City. meters, and the interchange of heat and gas or other energy sources. 2.4 Fuji Electric’s participation in demonstration projects Figure 1 illustrates Fuji Electric’s concept of a Sharing a vision of the future with national and geographically-distributed type next-generation energy local governments, Fuji Electric is participating in and social system. This concept is fundamental to the demonstration projects and offering various proposals “Fuji Electric Smart Network System,” to be described to promote development both in domestic and global later, and is applied to smart grids and smart commu- scale. nities. Fuji Electric has participated in the following re- cent demonstration projects. 2.3 National initiatives and demonstration projects (1) Smart grid-related demonstration projects Japanese national initiatives include the mass (a) Kyushu and Okinawa isolated island micro-grid adoption of renewable energy centered mainly on so- demonstration system (2009) lar power (targeting 28 GW of solar power generation (b) Next-generation optimizing control technique and 4.9 GW of wind power generation by 2020), direct experimental project for energy transmission and indirect load control through bi-directional com- and distribution systems (2010) munication using smart meters (targeting installation Voltage control of centralized-type next-genera- in all homes by 2020), the application of storage cell tion power distribution automation system technology as represented by electric vehicles, and (c) Fuel cell system for commercial buildings in a the support of the overseas exporting of infrastructure US-Japan smart grid demonstration project in based on the new technologies acquired here. In June New Mexico (2010) (d) Demonstration of effect of introducing load bal- ancing equipment (2011) Indirect and direct load control using smart meters Power station Issues (2) Smart Community-related demonstration projects ™Increased voltage resulting from adoption of Thermal power large amounts of distributed power sources (a) Next-generation energy and social system dem- Hydropower ™Energy savings through direct and indirect onstration (2010) Nuclear power load control ™Interchange of waste heat and hydrogen, etc. (i) Kitakyushu city Distribution substation Solution ™Regional energy management system devel- ™Autonomous securing of energy opment project demand and supply suited to the characteristics of the region ™Complex storage cell system technology aiming for low carbon emissions development project and power stabilization Power transmission system (ii) Keihanna Science City Target region ™Complex storage cell system technology Distribution substation development project Locally installed (b) Study of feasibility of introducing smart commu- storage cell & PCS nity technologies to an industrial park in Java, Cluster energy Step-down to 6.6 kV management Indonesia (2010) system(CEMS) Pole mounted transformer 3. Fuji Electric’s Efforts Step-down from6.6 kV Consumer Factory to 200/100 V The targeted scale, power quality, energy manage- (FEMS) Power stabilizing ment and local production for local consumption are Smart Commercial equipment building four essential perspectives for next-generation energy meter (BEMS) and social systems. Based on these perspectives, Fuji Household Electric’s technologies that contribute to lower carbon Retail store Rapid charging Distributed (REMS) station emissions and improved power stabilization are de- power sources scribed, and demonstration projects, both in Japan and overseas, that apply these technologies are introduced Fig.1 Fuji Electric’s regionally distributed next-generation below. energy and social system

118 Vol. 57 No. 4 FUJI ELECTRIC REVIEW 3.1 Four perspectives and the corresponding technolo- Through the effi cient utilization of electric pow- gies er and heat by consumers, i.e., households, charging Fuji Electric has been involved in developing and stations, stores, commercial buildings and factories, delivering next-generation energy technologies and and the utilization of information networks to ac- social systems for many years. These technologies quire information in real-time, energy management have included, for example, distribution automation aims to cross-utilize energy within a region. systems, power system control systems, energy man- (d) Local production for local consumption agement systems (EMS), distributed power sources, Energy control of a target region is implemented balancing control, power quality stabilization, power in collaboration with the power transmission sys- instruments, power distribution equipment, and in- tem, regional cogeneration system, distributed pow- verters, converters and the power conditioners (PCS) er source system and the like, and aims to achieve to which they are applied. local production for local consumption. In recently requested social infrastructure-related Based on these four perspectives, Fuji Electric’s projects in Japan and overseas, in addition to higher technology to be utilized in the next-generation energy effi ciency and optimization through managing, moni- and social system is classifi ed as carbon emissions- toring and controlling the entire energy supply chain, lowering or power stabilizing as shown below. from supply to delivery to the consumer, the informa- (1) Carbon emissions-lowering technologies

tion networks that provide support have also become (a) Cluster energy management systems (CEMS) feature issue: Smart Community essential elements. that manage entire energy in the targeted re- Fuji Electric is approaching the next-generation gion energy and social systems from the following four per- (b) Retail, building and factory energy management spectives. systems (REMS, BEMS, and FEMS) that target (a) Targeted area the consumer Various sizes exists, but compact cities, indus- (c) Smart meters and wireless multi-stage relay trial complexes, industrial parks, islands, and non- technology provided with customer power usage electrifi ed areas are targeted. prehension, stop and release, guidance display (b) Power quality and response input functions So as not to adversely affect the power transmis- (d) Technology relating to distributed power sources sion system, fl uctuations in voltage and frequency such as lightweight fl exible fi lm-type solar cells, caused by distributed power sources that have been commercial 100 kW phosphoric acid fuel cells, installed in a targeted region are to be absorbed micro tubular turbines for low-head hydropower within the targeted region to stabilize power. generation, and binary geothermal power gen- (c) Energy management eration that effi ciently converts low-temperature

Power station Local micro-grid Hydrogen Local micro-grid Thermal power Power stabilizing equipment Fuel Heat Storage Wind-generated Hydropower cell cell power Locally installed storage cell Nuclear power Power system monitoring and GE control systems Local power station PCS INV SVC PCS

LRT Load dispatching Regional energy Next-generation distribution management system automation systems center LBC PCS IT switch INV PCS Area-type power SVR stabilizing Mega Solar equipment Wind farm Storage Smart house Customer’s system cell Smart LRT: Load Ratio control Transformer meter Solar REMS PCS PCS UPS SVR: Step Voltage Regulator power Charging BEMS SVC: Static Var Compensator generation device FEMS LBC: Loop Balance Controller GE Load PCS: Power Conditioner Fuel Storage Solar power Gas generation UPS: Uninterruptible Power Supply Heat cell engine cell INV: Inverter REMS: Retail Energy Management System BEMS: Building and Energy Management System Retail storeFactory Commercial building FEMS: Factory Energy Management System

Fig.2 Overall view of the “Fuji Smart Network System”

Fuji Electric’s Efforts Involving Next-generation Energy and Social Systems 119 thermal energy into electrical energy tem, and is conducting fi eld demonstrations in Japan (2) Power stabilizing technologies and overseas. The results of these projects are incor- (a) Next-generation power distribution system tech- porated into a compact “Social Infrastructure Package nology provided with functions for fault point Focused on Electric Power,” and application is being detection and recovery, power fl ow monitoring, promoted to: (1) environment friendly cities and smart and voltage and frequency adjustments. communities, (2) industrial complexes where high lev- (b) Technology relating to high-effi ciency power con- els of energy integration exist, and (3) isolated islands ditioners (PCS) and power stabilization equip- and non-electrifi ed areas where there are low levels of ment to control the discharging and charging of energy integration. locally installed storage cells as equipment for implementing power control within a grid 3.2 Demonstration projects in Japan (c) Technology relating to load ratio control trans- (1) Next-generation energy and social system demon- formers (LRTs), IT switches, static var compen- stration projects sators (SVCs), step voltage regulators (SVRs) (a) Regional energy management and uninterruptible power supplies (UPSs) Fuji Electric is participating in the development which, as distribution equipment, aim to stabi- of a “regional energy management system focused lize the on-grid power quality on regional energy-saving stations” in Kitakyushu- (d) Micro-grid technology and balancing control city, and is promoting urban development that aims technology for performing high-speed optimized to achieve lower carbon emissions in the Higashida control of energy supply and demand in a closed district of Kitakyushu-city. grid as in the case of isolated islands This district is an advanced model district for The linking of these technologies is shown in the energy supply and demand, and aims to become a overall view of the Fuji Smart Network System in Fig. local community in which energy saving behavior is 2. incorporated into daily life and business activities. Fuji Electric has developed essential products and The relevant technologies for reducing the car- technologies for realizing the Fuji Smart Network Sys- bon footprint and controlling all the energy utilized

Cogeneration facility

Private line power system Electricity

Information network Housing complex Electricity Mega solar Fuel cell Environment museum Heat ‡ HP Power system ‡ Electricity ‡ ‡ Electricity Heat Heat Commercial-use storage Fuel cell fuel cell Heat Heat Wind-generated BEMS storage HEMS power facility

Commercial facility Hydrogen supply Eco-club house Electricity Electricity

Heat Heat Heat HP storage Hydrogen BEMS BEMS

Hydrogen

Total energy management Hydrogen Measurement storage (electric power, heat, hydrogen) Operating plan Regional energy Demand / supply balance control Hydrogen station management system Power system linking Locally installed storage cell BEMS: Building and Energy Management System HEMS: Home Energy Management System HP: Heat Pump

Fig.3 Overall view of Kitakyushu City next-generation energy and social system

120 Vol. 57 No. 4 FUJI ELECTRIC REVIEW in the district include linking technology for renew- the system confi guration of a regional energy manage- able energy and cogeneration systems, technolo- ment system. gies for supplying power to electric vehicles and for (b) Demand-side energy management utilizing power from discharging electric vehicles, In support of the next-generation energy and power stabilizing technology that utilizes locally social system for consumers, Fuji Electric is partici- installed storage cells, technology for visualizing the pating in the “development of an energy controller energy consumption of each consumer, and demand for a facility grid” in Keihanna Science City, and is suppression measures based on dynamic pricing and advancing demonstration projects for technologies an eco-point system. In the demonstration project, that lower carbon emissions of complex buildings, as shown in Fig. 3, energy suppliers and consumers including rental offi ces, halls, hotels and restau- in the targeted region are connected to an informa- rants. tion network, and a regional energy management This demonstration project has the following two system measures the supply and demand of electric objectives. power, heat and hydrogen, creates an operating (i) By installing storage cells, solar cells, fuel plan, controls demand and supply, and incorporates cells and smart meters within a complex the power systems. The results of this demonstra- building, which is considered to be a single tion project, in terms of comprehensive energy man- closed grid, and utilizing the storage cells,

agement, are expected to be used as a model case of fuel cell and heat pumps effi ciently, the proj- feature issue: Smart Community an environment-friendly compact city that will be ect aims to achieve the effect utilization of the deployed overseas in the future. renewable energy and heat within the build- The regional energy management system being ing. developed to reduce carbon emissions in this dem- (ii) By promoting energy savings and reduced onstration project has the following three character- carbon emissions through indirect load con- istics. trol, and enhancing the environmental aware- (i) The system acquires, through a dedicated line ness of tenants and other building users, or general acquisition procedure, and cen- the project aims to contribute to the goal of trally manages comprehensive energy data achieving zero emissions for the entire com- required for regional energy management plex building. according to the need (high-speed response, Fuji Electric is also moving forward with verifi ca- frequency, etc.) for that data. tion of the control method for achieving the specifi ed (ii) Multiple independent systems can be in- target value of demand through linking information stalled, according to requirements of the tar- with the regional energy management system for Kei- geted region, in order to implement control hanna Science City. requiring real-time performance such as for Demand-side energy management is realized by power generation, charge and discharge com- installing a compact building-use energy controller in mands, ascertainment of energy utilization a complex building. This controller directly controls for each consumer, and business processes energy devices such as storage cells and fuel cells in such as energy demand and supply planning a complex building, and through a smart meter, also (iii) Acquired information is provided to an exter- nal service provider so that new services can be created. Service provider Service provider Other system Consumer Storage Table 1 lists the main functions and Fig. 4 shows Weather Electric behavior cell asset information utility analysis, etc. management Table 1 Functions of a regional energy management system Standardized I/F 2 Standardized I/F 2

Regional energy management system

Comprehensive energy management for an entire Energy data for Customer data for region, combining energy demand forecasting and Operating plan service provider service provider weather forecasting, power system control at the Power system linking time of adoption of new energy, storage cells Customer usage status Demand-side management Demand/supply balance control and EVs Power generation and charging/discharging control Data Stabilization through coordinated operation with Total energy data (electric power, heat, hydrogen) aggregation

the power system Real-time acquisition and control Standardized I/F 1 Standardized I/F 1 Power generating and storing facility Real-time ascertainment of energy usage status for Consumer Functions Power generating Power generating each customer facility facility Smart Transmission package Transmission package Transmission package Demand-side management through customer load PCS BEMS HEMS Concentrator control and dynamic pricing Solar power/ wind power/ Smart Smart Storage Smart Storage Standard procedure for connecting to customers fuel cell PCS meter cell meter cell Smart meter and energy equipment Creation of new services by utilizing energy con- sumption and CO2 visualization data Fig.4 Confi guration of a regional energy management system

Fuji Electric’s Efforts Involving Next-generation Energy and Social Systems 121 performs indirect load control for the tenant. Through reactive power adjustment and power storage func- linking to building management systems centered on tions will be utilized both in Japan and overseas. Fig. conventional monitoring or visualization, the energy 6 shows a comprehensive view of optimal voltage con- usage within a building can be made even more effi - trol technology. cient. Table 2 lists the main functions of building-use energy controllers, and Fig. 5 shows a system confi gu- 3.3 Demonstration projects overseas ration. Fuji Electric, , Mitsubishi (2) Demonstration project of optimal control technol- Electric and Tokyo Electric Power Services Co., Ltd. ogy for next-generation power transmission and have been commissioned by the New Energy and In- distribution systems dustrial Technology Development Agency (NEDO) to One technical challenge for smart grids is how conduct a basic survey of power infrastructure exports to prevent a voltage increase when many distributed that utilize smart technology and that target South- power sources including solar cells are connected to east Asian industrial parks where a high level of ener- the power distribution system. To overcome this chal- gy integration exists and where greater energy savings lenge, Fuji Electric has for many years advanced the and lower carbon emissions are anticipated. development of equality control for voltage suppres- Industrial parks in Southeast Asia are experienc- sion with solar power generation and the like. Next- ing an infl ux of Japanese companies and have the fol- generation distribution automation systems overcome lowing characteristics. this challenge by utilizing centralized control of power (a) Power quality at a level equivalent to that of Ja- conditioners connected to voltage regulators and solar pan is requested for stable manufacturing cells from the central monitoring and control systems. (b) Compared to Japan, the energy management of In the power distribution sector, as preparation for plants has much room for improvement in terms the introduction of a large number of distributed power of energy conservation and reduction of carbon sources, next-generation distribution automation sys- emissions tems provided with a centralized control function (c) The amount of contracted electrical power cor- for voltage regulators, and distributed generator-use responds to the amount of power managed by power conditioners equipped with power stabilizing, a single power distribution substation, and is similar in scale to that of the district targeted for energy management Table 2 Functions of an energy controller for buildings In light of these three characteristics, among the Energy controller for buildings smart grid technologies being developed for next-gen- Load leveling with storage cells eration energy and social system demonstration proj- (peak cut, peak shift) ects, the technologies for lowering carbon emissions Control and operation of storage cells (power) and heat pumps (heat) and improving power stability listed in Table 3 are Indirect load control via smart meters at customer thought to be applicable to Southeast Asian industrial Functions sites parks. Charging control based on EV operating plans Aiming to reduce carbon emissions and improve Utilization of waste heat from fuel cells power stability of Southeast Asian industrial parks, Coordinated control with air conditioning Fuji Electric intends to apply these smart grid tech- Achievement of targeted demand with regional nologies to build an industrial park power supply in- energy management frastructure. Fig. 7 shows a system model in which smart grid technology has been applied to an industrial park. Regional energy management system Targeted demand 6.6 kV power system value Complex building The problem of rising voltage that occurs due to the phenomenon of reverse Conventional Energy Solar power power flow caused by the deployment of large amounts of solar power building generation Tenant generation can be resolved through optimized centralized control of voltage controller regulators and power conditioners (PCS) for solar cells. management Customer’s system for buildings Display internal Information smart meter Next-generation distribution automation system network System status assessment (power flow calculation, status estimation) Calculation of optimum controlled variable Smart Rapid Air Fuel Heat (optimization method) charging Direct control of voltage regulators and PCSs for solar cells PCS device conditioner cell pump

Storage cell SVR LRT Pole mounted PCS PCS SVC Energy is utilized effectively within a complex building transformer Low voltage High voltage Low voltage Low voltage load load load load Fig.5 Confi guration of demand-side energy management system for complex buildings Fig.6 Overall view of optimal voltage control technology

122 Vol. 57 No. 4 FUJI ELECTRIC REVIEW Table 3 Smart grid technology suited for industrial parks

Carbon reduction technology Power stabilization technology Factory energy management Peak-cut/demand control Uninterruptible power supply (UPS) Direct/indirect load control Emergency in-house power generator Automatic measurement with smart meters Factory Static var compensator (SVC) Changeover to high-effi ciency equipment Step voltage regulator (SVR) Renewable energy equipment Power capacitor Inverter control, air conditioner control Information network within the factory Regional energy management Emergency power supply system Peak-cut/demand control Power quality stabilizer Industrial Direct/indirect load control Static var compensator (SVC) park Renewable energy equipment Step voltage regulator (SVR) Information network within the industrial park Distribution automation system within the industrial park

Substation Power utilities Industrial park Power 150 kV 20 kV Reactive power Factory Automatic compensator capacitor Solar power generation switch Smart Automated voltage

(roof-based installation) feature issue: Smart Community meter regulator

Centralized control center FEMS High quality power line

Central load dispatching center Factory High quality power line Power quality stabilizer Industrial park Office Distribution automation system Factory Solar power generation (roof-based installation) FEMS-GW

Factory Industrial park EMS Storage cell Solar power generation (ground-based installation)

Fig.7 System model of smart industrial park

This model assumes that the district targeted for re- overseas demonstration projects. The net result is gional energy management is the entire industrial the compilation of a next-generation energy and social park, and with an energy management system, stabi- system that aims for lower carbon emissions and im- lizes power for the entire industrial park, saves energy proved power stabilization for consumers and targeted and cuts peak power demand. The two main technolo- regions. gies utilizes are listed below. Fuji Electric will develop this system for consum- (a) A “power quality stabilization device” installed ers who are seeking energy savings and more effective at the industrial park supplies a high quality utilization of electricity and heat energy, and also for power source to multiple factories designated energy districts and local governments pos- (b) An “industrial park EMS” performs centralized sessing a vision of new energy utilization. For power control of factory demand restraint and energy companies, with the aim of improving stability and management increasing the quality of power, Fuji Electric is promot- ing the introduction of next-generation distribution 4. Future Challenges automation systems to meet year 2020 targets (solar power generation of 28 GW, wind power generation of The ongoing demonstration projects described in 4.9 GW, and smart meters installed in all homes). section 3 are all component elements of the Fuji Smart Overseas, Fuji Electric is aiming to develop this Network System, and this system will be completed system as a “social infrastructure package focused on initially by leveraging the results of Japanese and electrical power” that combines carbon-lowering tech-

Fuji Electric’s Efforts Involving Next-generation Energy and Social Systems 123 nology and power stabilization for smart communities, 5. Postscript industrial parks, islands, as well as the power distribu- tion sector. The infrastructure for a smart community In the future, it is expected that solar cells and is required to consist of not only an energy infrastruc- smart meters will be used in many homes, distributed ture, but also a water environment infrastructure, an power sources and high effi ciency devices that aim to infrastructure for electric vehicles including the capa- reduce carbon emissions will be encouraged and elec- bility to control the status of charging device and the tric vehicles will become widespread. Fuji Electric like, and an information infrastructure. Fuji Electric possesses many technologies relevant to the smart will proceed to construct this system by linking it to grids that will be utilized in Japanese society in the water treatment systems and retail store systems that near future. In response to social requests concern- have been developed over many years. ing smart grids and smart communities, Fuji Electric Moreover, because the business areas targeted by will expedite the commercialization of the results of next-generation energy and social systems are new technical development and demonstration projects of service areas, the profi tability of companies that have the next-generation energy and social systems, and a next-generation energy and social system and compa- intends to contribute to the establishment of a social nies that operate and maintain systems are important, infrastructure for developing environment friendly cit- and Fuji Electric intends to participate from the busi- ies and regions, adopting large amounts of renewable ness feasibility study and basic planning stages. energy, and popularizing electric vehicles.

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