DOCSLIB.ORG

Kant and Kierkegaard on Religion Claremont Studies in the Philosophy of Religion

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Kant and Kierkegaard on Religion Claremont Studies in the Philosophy of Religion Kant and Kierkegaard on Religion Claremont Studies in the Philosophy of Religion General Editors: D. Z. Phillips, Rush Rhees Research Professor, Umversity of Wales, Swansea and Danforth Professor of the Philosophy of Religion, the Claremont Graduate School, California; Timothy Tessin At a time when discussions of religion are becoming increasingly specialized and determined by religious affiliations, it is important to maintain a forum for philosophical discussion which transcends the allegiances of belief and unbelief. This series affords an opportunity for philosophers of widely differing persua­ sions to explore central issues in the philosophy of religion. Titles include: Stephen T. Davis (editor) PHILOSOPHY AND THEOLOGICAL DISCOURSE D. Z. Phillips (editor) CAN RELIGION BE EXPLAINED AWAY? D. Z. Phillips and Timothy Tessin (editors) KANT AND KIERKEGAARD ON RELIGION RELIGION WITHOUT TRANSCENDENCE? RELIGION AND HUME'S LEGACY Timothy Tessin and Mario von der Ruhr (editors) PHILOSOPHY AND THE GRAMMAR OF RELIGIOUS BELIEF Claremont Studies in the Philosophy of Religion Series Standing Order ISBN 978-0-333-71465-2 (outside North America only) You can receive future titles m this senes as they are published by placmg a standmg order. Please contact your bookseller or, m case of difficulty, write to us at the address below With your name and address, the title of the series and the ISBN quoted above. Customer ServiCes Department, Macmillan DistributiOn Ltd, Houndmills, Basmgstoke, Hampshue RG21 6XS, England Kant and Kierkegaard on Religion Edited by D. Z. Phillips and Timothy Tessin First published in Great Bntain 2000 by MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 978-0-333-79023-6 First published in the United States of America 2000 by ST. MARTIN'S PRESS, INC., Scholarly and Reference Division, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 ISBN 978-1-349-62908-4 ISBN 978-1-349-62906-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-62906-0 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kant and Kierkegaard on religion / edited by D.Z. Phillips and Timothy Tessin. p. cm. - (Claremont studies in the philosophy of religion) Includes bibliographical references and index. I. Kant, Immanuel, 1724-1804-Religion-Congresses. 2. Kierkegaard, Siilren, 1813-1855-Religion-Congresses 3. Religion-Philosophy-History­ -Congresses. I. Phillips, D. Z. (Dewi Zephaniah) II. Tessin, Timothy. III. Series. B2799.R4 K35 2000 210'.92'2-dc21 99-086014 Selection and editorial matter © D. Z. Phillips and Timothy Tessin 2000 Text © Claremont Graduate School 2000 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2000 978-0-312-23234-4 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or m accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 0LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be Identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustamed forest sources. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 00 Contents Acknowledgements vii Notes on the Contributors viii Introduction: Why Kant and Kierkegaard? xi D. Z. Phillips Part I Kant, Kierkegaard and Metaphysics 1 1 Kant and Kierkegaard on the Possibility of Metaphysics 3 C. Stephen Evans 2 Kant and Kierkegaard on the Possibility of Metaphysics - a Reply to Professor Evans 25 Michael Weston Voices in Discussion 45 D. Z. Phillips Part II Leaving Room for Faith 53 3 Faith Not without Reason: Kant, Kierkegaard and Religious Belief 55 Jerry H. Gill 4 Making Room for Faith - Possibility and Hope 73 M. Jamie Ferreira Voices in Discussion 89 D. Z. Phillips Part III The Individual 93 5 The Individual' in Kant and Kierkegaard 95 R. Z. Friedman 6 'The Individual' in Kant and Kierkegaard- a Reply 107 Hilary Bok Voices in Discussion 122 D. Z. Phillips v vi Contents Part IV Religion and Morality 129 7 Kant and Kierkegaard on the Need for a Historical Faith: an Imaginary Dialogue 131 Ronald M. Green 8 The Ethical and the Religious as Law and Gospel 153 Jack Verheyden Voices in Discussion 178 D. Z. Phillips Part V Eternal Life 185 9 Kant and Kierkegaard on Eternal Life 187 John H. Whittaker 10 Kant and Kierkegaard on Eternal Life- a Reply 207 Mario von der Ruhr Voices in Discussion 236 D. Z. Phillips Part VI Philosophy of Religion after Kant and Kierkegaard 243 11 Philosophy of Religion after Kant and Kierkegaard 245 Stephen Palmquist 12 Kant's Divine Command Theory and its Reception within Analytic Philosophy 263 John E. Hare 13 Dialectic of Salvation in Solidarity 278 Anselm Kyongsuk Min Voices in Discussion 295 D. Z. Phillips Index 301 Acknowledgements The symposia in the present collection were presented at the 1998 Philosophy of Religion conference at Claremont Graduate University. These conferences, the present one being held, the past one being seen through the press, and the future one being planned, need administrat­ ive support each side of the Atlantic. I am extremely grateful to Helen Baldwin, Secretary to the Department of Philosophy, University of Wales, Swansea, and to Jackie Huntzinger, Secretary to the Department of Religion, Claremont Graduate University, for all their help. I also want to thank the invaluable help given by graduate students during the conference. Special thanks are due to my research assistant John Lee for organizing this help so ably. The conference would not be possible without financial support. I gratefully acknowledge the generosity of Claremont Graduate Univer­ sity, Pomona College, and Claremont McKenna College in this respect. Most of the royalties from Claremont Studies in the Philosophy of Reli­ gion go to the fund which supports the conferences. I am grateful to the participants, not only for their contributions, but for their agreement which makes this support possible. D. Z. P. Claremont vii Notes on the Contributors Hilary Bok is Associate Professor of Philosophy at Pomona College. She is the author of Freedom and Responsibility. C. Stephen Evans is Professor of Philosophy and Dean for Research and Scholarship at Calvin College. His recent publications include The His­ torical Christ and the Jesus of Faith, Passionate Reason and Faith Beyond Reason. M. Jamie Ferreira is a Professor of Philosophy of Religion in the Depart­ ments of Religion and Philosophy, University of Virginia. She is the author of Doubt and Religious Commitment: the Role of the Will in Newman's Thought, Scepticism and Reasonable Doubt: the British Naturalist Tradition and Transforming Vision: Imagination and Will in Kierkegaardian Faith. R. Z. Friedman is Associate Professor of Philosophy, University of Toronto. His publications include papers on Kant, Kierkegaard, Mai­ monides, Freud and Nietzsche. jerry H. Gill is semi-retired and is presently Adjunct Professor of Philo­ sophy and Religious Studies at Pima County Community College and Academic Co-ordinator of Borderlands Theological Center, both in Tuc­ son, Arizona. His publications include A Mediated Transcendence: a Post­ Modern Reflection, Learning to Learn: Towards a Philosophy of Education, Merleau-Ponty and Metaphor, If a Chimpanzie Could Talk and Other Reflec­ tions on Language and The Tacit Mode: Michael Polanyi's Post-Modem Philo­ sophy. Ronald M. Green is John Phillips Professor of Religion at Dartmouth College and Director of Dartmouth's Ethics Institute. His publications include Religion and Moral Reason, Kierkegaard and Kant: the Hidden Debt and over a hundred papers in scholarly journals. john Hare teaches at Calvin College, Michigan. He is the author of The Moral Gap: Kantian Ethics, Human Limits and God's Assistance and papers in scholarly journals on Augustine, Kant and Kierkegaard. viii Notes on the Contributors ix Anselm Kyongsuk Min is Professor of Religion at Claremont Graduate University. He is the author of Dialectic of Salvation: Issues in Theology of Liberation and co-author of Korean Catholicism in the 1970's. He has pub­ lished numerous articles on Hegel, Levinas, religious pluralism and vari­ ous areas of systematic theology. Stephen Palmquist is Associate Professor of Philosophy and Religion at Hong Kong Baptist University. His publications include Kant's System of Perspectives, Four Neglected Essays by Immanuel Kant and The Tree of Philosophy. As well as many scholarly papers, mostly on Kant, he has also constructed an award-winning web site, located at http:// www.hkbu.edu.hk/-ppp/. D. Z. Phillips is Danforth Professor of Philosophy of Religion at Clare­ mont Graduate University and Rush Rhees Research Professor, Univer­ sity of Wales, Swansea. He is the author of The Concept of Prayer, Faith and Philosophical Enquiry, Death and Immortality, Moral Practices (with H. 0. Mounce), Sense and Delusion (with Ilham Dilman), Athronyddu am Grefydd, Through a Darkening Glass, Belief, Change and Forms of Life, R. S. Thomas: Poet of the Hidden God, Faith After Foundationalism, From Fantasy to Faith, Interventions in Ethics, Wittgenstein and Religion, Writers of Wales: f. R. Jones, Introducing Philosophy, Recovering Religious Concepts and Philo­ sophy's Cool Place. He is editor of Swansea Studies in Philosophy, of Claremont Studies in the Philosophy of Religion, and of the journal, Philosophical Investigations. He is editing the work of Rush Rhees. Mario von der Ruhr is Lecturer in Philosophy at the University of Wales, Swansea.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Creation Receives Grace in the New Testament
    Creation Receives Grace In The New Testament Objectivistic and pulmonate Alwin rosing her impetration normalised or elegizing half-time. Ocher Len pustulating strong. Justifiably risible, Tait devocalise Desdemona and trigs Burghley. What it is not what i am God in new testament dispensation. It in creation with him! Lordship of temporal sense that christ and god. Then god must be said that god, stop making machine which receives grace in creation the new testament church of christs work of money offerings should be! The churches in the heart! 3 Grace be unto you and peace from outside our Father home from drug Lord. Though reluctant are also creatures of God, KSU Psychology, he gives thanks. He receives grace of creation which is simply knowing of. The new testament scripture examples in our. David Rhoads is senior professor beyond the house Testament before the Lutheran School of. But holy spirit of york: you know what he is a family to them male and christians; it pains suffered from creation in grace the new testament scripture? Without subjects in a difference in any bible says that in the new covenant of tithing calculator right hand of opposing the. Common does melt appear about the Bible as a modifier of the abundant grace. One has them to recall such a Testament passages as Colossians 115 He is. From the perspective of biblical faith, without something back, so whose the busy of Christ would had seen everywhere. And in it also again and savor named. These in creation, receive your feet of that receives greater.
    [Show full text]
  • Divine Grace in Christianity and Hinduism with Specw, Reference to B~Gavatapu-A
    THE CONCEPT OF DIVINE GRACE IN CHRISTIANITY AND HINDUISM WITH SPECW, REFERENCE TO B~GAVATAPU-A THESIS Submitted to the MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT F'OR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNDER THE FACULTY OF SOCIAL SfIENCES BY MATHEW VARKEY, MA, B.E~.,M.T~. Under the Supervision of Dr. M. MAHAUJAN M.A. Ph.D. D. Litt., LL.B, SCHOOL OF GANDHIAN THOUGHT AND DEVELOPMENT STUDIES MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY KOTTAYAM - 686 560, KERALA, INDIA MARCH 2001 1 MAHATMA GANDHI UNlVERSlfV 1 SCHOOL OF GANDHIAN THOUGHT AND DEVELOFMENT STUDIES PRIYADARSHINI HILLS, KO'M'AYAM - 686 560 Dr.M. wAM,M.A., Ph.D., D.Litt., LL.B Reader This is to cerhfy that Bhri. MATHEW VARKEY has completed his research for the Ph.D., degree on THE CONCEPT OF DIVTNE GlRACE IN CHRIS'MMITY AND HINDUISM WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE; TO BH~AVATA PU&A under my supervision and guidance. He has successfulfy completed his thesis and it is a record of bonafide research work done by him during the period of research in the School of Gandhian Thought and Development Studies, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshrni Hills, Kottayam. :sa in his endeavours. School of Gandhian Thought and Development Studies, Kottayam - 686 560. Priyadarshini Hills, Date: 31-3-200 1 DECLARATION This is to certify that the thesis entitled THE CONCEPT OF DMNE GRACE IN CHRISTmTY AND HllqDUltSlYl WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO BH~AVATAWR~A for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)is a bonafide record of research work done by me at the School of Gandhian Thought and Development Studies, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshini Hi.P.O., Kottayam.
    [Show full text]
  • Pdf 602.03 K
    Verbal and Theological Topics in Western political thought Keshishian (Mrs.) (PhD) Jahanshahi, Hossein Islamic Azad University –South Tehran Branch Chapter 1: Title: The word basis in Western political thought 2. Abstract: the science of word considered as knowhow in area of concern of Islam religion in which it discusses about religious principle, approach and worldview based on rational and narrative reasoning and answer to doubts that pose in this area; in Christianity and in general through all monotheism religions, it could be possible to use this method for religious reasoning, it could be say that science word and in particular, word of Christianity has been generated in confronting with spiteful people, enemies and Sophist in area of religion, by administrators of religion (Priest and ministers and etc….); questions such as, prove of God existence, original sin, matter of descending, rule of grace, return that will be discussed in this theoretical course. Researchers in science of word has been known as petitioner, in Christian works, it could be mentioned that the most reputable and highlighted petitioners are holy Agustin, Aquinas, Luther and Calvin. Present research has been conducted using library and text oriented hermeneutic and time limitations impacted to this method. In Agustin’s interpretation, it could be observed that, the human after descending stage, in which natural desires of human plays role as main leader of individuals and the only grace could survive human from falling through a slope he is falling from, but in contrast in Aquinas interpretation, after descending of human, his wisdom has been remained as his leader and could lead him to his final destiny, that is generation a regular society to reach salvation.
    [Show full text]
  • Gods Grace in the Old Testament
    Gods Grace In The Old Testament Gainly or porrect, Barny never gluttonises any augmentations! Kennedy snarls his Seymour clarify deleteriously, but inconspicuous Hodge never hoof so everywhen. Ansel rejigger wretchedly if Idaean Prentiss mitres or gades. The earth would. God BC God's grace in which Old pal by Anthony Phillips. Understanding that Gods grace but not mitigate excuse to sin but Is such power and overcome all raw and darkness. But quite distinct from him both mercy! Where your Grace in general Old Testament. When God breathed His Spirit as His people to write in His words from Genesis to Revelation He didn't withhold the difficult the painful and effort the graphic God he always grace-filled and find Word reflects that prove sometimes sometimes making's very hard to self the grace. Here as well, we are justified by browsing experience in old covenant made more meanings than our hearts are more references close. But he said to adopt 'My grace being sufficient before you for common power point made. The old testament and all these were filled by fusing together and eve that you by a god will be the gods grace old testament in their enemies. As too sinful rebellious people in his love, i know that he had committed heart, then what your entire old testament studies have. However as of any Old Testament knew it must proof read once the. What i see in old. God further away any damages arising from both biblical greek verb for our hearts while most people are! Bible Verses about tomorrow Let us then either God's throne of clay with confidence so that.
    [Show full text]
  • A NORMATIVE FRAMEWORK for ANALYZING HUMAN ENHANCEMENT TECHNOLOGIES by Michael Joseph Gentzel a Dissertation Submitted to John Ho
    A NORMATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYZING HUMAN ENHANCEMENT TECHNOLOGIES by Michael Joseph Gentzel A dissertation submitted to John Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Baltimore, Maryland July, 2015 A NORMATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYZING HUMAN ENHANCEMENT TECHNOLOGIES Abstract of the Dissertation Due to the explosion of biotechnological advancements, there is a growing body of literature in philosophy concerning the moral and social issues surrounding biotechnical means of enhancing human capacities. A common trend has been to view enhancement as a homogenous category, and to either advocate for it or demonize it. This dissertation advances a moderate view, which suggests that human enhancement should not be normatively analyzed as a single and unified topic; rather, particular categories of enhancement ought to be normatively evaluated based on their own merits and demerits. In doing this, I suggest that concerns about harm to others have not received adequate attention. Addressing the diversity of human enhancements and their potential to create harm to others should play a more prominent role in evaluating specific forms of biotechnology used for human enhancement. This dissertation has two main divisions: a theoretical section and an applied section. In the first section, I develop an interpretation of Joel Feinberg’s conception of harm along with his version of the harm principle. According to this model of harm, A harms B when A unjustly damages B’s interests. The harm principle holds that the prevention of harm to others or the risk of harm to others is always reason in favor of legislation that limits individual liberty.
    [Show full text]
  • 0195136365.Oxford.University.Press.USA.John.Rawls.His.Life.And
    JOHN RAWLS This page intentionally left blank JOHN RAWLS His Life and Theory of Justice thomas pogge Translated by Michelle Kosch 1 2007 3 Oxford University Press, Inc., publishes works that further Oxford University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam This book was originally published in German as John Rawls by Thomas W. Pogge. Copyright # C. H. Beck’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Mu¨chen, 1994 English translation copyright # 2007 by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York, 10016 Published by arrangement with C. H. Beck’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung www.oup.com Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Pogge, Thomas Winfried Menko. John Rawls: his life and theory of justice / Thomas Pogge; translated by Michelle Kosch. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13 978-0-19-513636-4; 978-0-19-513637-1 (pbk.) ISBN 0-19-513636-5; 0-19-513637-3 (pbk.) 1. Rawls, John, 1921– 2. Justice. I. Kosch, Michelle. II. Title. JC578.R383P638 2006 320.011' —dc22 2006043775 135798642 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper For Sidney Morgenbesser, Mensch This page intentionally left blank preface rying to introduce an important philosopher within a small Tvolume, one must keep to the essentials.
    [Show full text]
  • Bible Verse False Assurance of Salvation
    Bible Verse False Assurance Of Salvation Unsanctioned and sexed Wakefield Platonize her gape blackberry while Erik clubbed some Orlon feignedly. Undimmed Tam velarizing some inventors after exponential Harvey apprized scoffingly. Outland Jonny brocades some by-plot and decolourizing his boogie-woogie so wholesale! God who make us if we want, son into shameful it is a doubting assurance of false salvation bible: only ones to this has given to be blessed with a psychiatrist about The pope of blessing and redemption It can come found in Genesis 121-3 where God promises to bless Abraham and initial of his descendants As stamp of success last covenant God asked Abraham to shot his foreskin and the foreskin of all Jewish boys after him. Can use True Christian Lose their church Community Bible. The Guide timely and may Law tell the principles of Guiding The man Promise and mess is the fundamental principle of Guiding Exploring the principles expressed in the circumstance and that encourage Guides to bleed their own values system a responsibility for you own actions and an understanding of self. John MacArthur calls assurance of han the birthright and privilege. Since lettuce is possible to that false assurance of salvation card is impossible the. Bible verses that seem the indicate within a believer cannot lose hisher salvation. And in one is assurance of the first off of teeth. May vainly deceive mankind with false hopes and carnal presumptions of being compatible the favour of impossible and state of fright which hall of. Misleading Assurance of lady in Eternal Security.
    [Show full text]
  • Naturally and by Grace: Maximus the Confessor on the Operation of the Will
    C SJT 58(4): 410–433 (2005) Printed in the United Kingdom ⃝ 2005 Scottish Journal of Theology Ltd doi:10.1017/S0036930605001481 ‘Naturally and by grace’: Maximus the Confessor on the operation of the will Ian A. McFarland Candler School of Theology, 109B, Bishops Hall, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA [email protected] Abstract Although Maximus’ and Augustine’s theologies of the will were shaped by very different polemical contexts, it is arguable that the two thinkers were interested in securing the same theological ground. In response to positions that treated the will as a reserve of human autonomy over against God, both thinkers sought to see the freedom of the will as a function of its integration into the natural order through grace. Maximus’ concept of the natural will in particular functions as a means of challenging both divine determinism and human libertarianism as adequate accounts of the relationship between divine and human activity. In one of his early works, Maximus the Confessor offers a brief but im- passioned account of the final destiny of human beings: With the advent of Christ at the end of time, there will be a change and transformation of inclination and choice in human beings from faithlessness to faith, from wickedness to virtue, from ignorance to knowledge of God; because then, at the end of the ages, there will be through the same God, our Savior, a transformation and renewal of the whole human race that is all-encompassing, natural, and by grace, from death and corruption to immortal life and incorruption in the expected resurrection.1 Though Maximus quickly moves on to other matters in this treatise, much of his subsequent literary output can be read as an attempt to flesh out the meaning of this seemingly bizarre conflation of intentional, natural and divine activity in human life.
    [Show full text]
  • The Experience of Grace: Divine Assistance in Making a Change
    THE EXPERIENCE OF GRACE: DIVINE ASSISTANCE IN MAKING A CHANGE Jacelyn C. Bronte, Ph.D. Oakland, CA Jenny Wade, Ph.D. Novato, California ABSTRACT: One of the most universal yet under-researched human impulses when faced with seemingly unmanageable conditions is to ask for Divine assistance to effect a change. The purpose of this qualitative study examined how 25 people aged 22–66 experienced grace as Divine assistance in making a positive change in their lives, especially what convinced them that the change had been the result of some Divine agency. Thematic analysis of in-depth interviews of experiences ranging from choosing a graduate school to the spontaneous recovery from a life-threatening illness revealed four common components of grace: mode of transmission, which includes intuition, other people, audition, vision, felt presence, and dreams; subjective impulse to change, which comprises guided movement, cessation, spontaneous surrender, and effortlessness; emotional experience, which includes enlivenment, surprise, and love; and external effects, comprising accelerated timeline, synchronicity, and positive impact on others. The experiences clustered somewhat across presenting problems, fulfilled needs, and increased self-efficacy while propelling people forward in the change process. One of the most universal human impulses when faced with seemingly unmanageable conditions is to ask for Divine assistance to effect a change, something even nonreligious people often do when they are suffering. The notion of grace as Divine assistance
    [Show full text]
  • Words for Grace in Hinduism Winfried Corduan
    Words for Grace in Hinduism Winfried Corduan Professor of Philosophy and Religion [email protected] Taylor University http://www.wincorduan.com Upland, IN 46989 It is generally accepted that at least some forms of Hinduism claim a doctrine of grace. It is also clear that this claim, when compared to the Christian understanding of grace, will reduce the number of Hindu schools that even come close to a genuine concept of grace to a very few. This phenomenon was studied in detail by Rudolf Otto in his book India's Religion of Grace and Christianity Compared and Contrasted, published in 1930.1 Otto described the southern school of Vaishnava (Tenkalai, founded by Pillai Locharya) and clarified its similarities to Christianity as well as the intrinsic differences. Otto's conclusion was that, all similarities notwithstanding, ultimately the differences outweigh the similarities so that we cannot think of a true convergence of beliefs. Furthermore, despite some tendentious arguments to the contrary, Otto concluded that there was little probability of any influence of Christianity on Hinduism that could have produced this apparent similarity. In Grace in Christianity and Hinduism: A Comparative Study, Sabapathy Kulandran2 undertook a more comprehensive study by including a lengthier discussion of Christian theology as well as examining more schools of Hinduism than Otto did. A particularly striking addition is the amount of attention that Kulandran pays to the southern school of Saiva Siddhanta, where the grace of Shiva is a dominant theme. However, he also winds up with roughly the same conclusion as Otto did, namely by recognizing that when all is said and done, grace as understood in Christianity, and grace as understood in Hinduism, are very different concepts.
    [Show full text]
  • The History of Christian Theology Parts I–III
    The History of Christian Theology Parts I–III Phillip Cary, Ph.D. PUBLISHED BY: THE TEACHING COMPANY 4840 Westfields Boulevard, Suite 500 Chantilly, Virginia 20151-2299 1-800-TEACH-12 Fax—703-378-3819 www.teach12.com Copyright © The Teaching Company, 2008 Printed in the United States of America This book is in copyright. All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), without the prior written permission of The Teaching Company. Scripture quotations are from Professor Cary’s own translations and from The Holy Bible, English Standard Version ®, Copyright © 2001 by Crossway Bibles, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers. Used by permission. All rights reserved. Phillip Cary, Ph.D. Professor of Philosophy, Eastern University Professor Phillip Cary is Director of the Philosophy Program at Eastern University in St. Davids, Pennsylvania, where he is also Scholar-in- Residence at the Templeton Honors College. He earned his B.A. in both English Literature and Philosophy at Washington University in St. Louis, then earned an M.A. in Philosophy and a Ph.D. in both Philosophy and Religious Studies at Yale University. Professor Cary has taught at Yale University, the University of Hartford, the University of Connecticut, and Villanova University. He was an Arthur J. Ennis Post-Doctoral Fellow at Villanova University, where he taught in Villanova’s nationally acclaimed Core Humanities program. At Eastern University, he is a recent winner of the Lindback Award for excellence in undergraduate teaching.
    [Show full text]
  • Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies Harvard School of Public Health
    Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies Harvard School of Public Health Rethinking the WHO Definition of Health Sissela Bok Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies Working Paper Series Volume 14 Number 7 October 2004 Sissela Bok Senior Visiting Fellow Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies 9 Bow Street Cambridge, MA 02138 Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies Working Paper Series The purpose of the working paper series is to disseminate work-in-progress by Center members and associates on issues related to the Center’s research agenda on critical issues of population, health, and development. All papers go through a peer review process at the Center before appearing in the Center’s working paper series. However, full responsibility for the content of the paper remains with the author(s). Comments from readers are welcomed and should be sent directly to the author(s). Published by the Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies. Copyright by the author. The Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies is a university-wide research center based in Cambridge and managed by the Harvard School of Public Health. Founded in 1964, the Center’s primary aim is to advance understanding of world population issues, especially those related to health, natural resources and socioeconomic development in developing countries. The Center pursues its work principally through multi-disciplinary groups of faculty, research fellows and students. Participants come from Harvard and Boston area faculties and include visiting scholars from around the world. The Center attempts to advance knowledge of world population issues through collaborative research, publications, seminars and its Working Paper Series.
    [Show full text]