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Macro and Micro-Evolutionary Processes Within a Complex of Species, Case Study of the Tropical Invasive Earthworm : Pontoscolex Corethrurus Shabnam Taheri

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Macro and Micro-Evolutionary Processes Within a Complex of Species, Case Study of the Tropical Invasive Earthworm : Pontoscolex Corethrurus Shabnam Taheri Macro and micro-evolutionary processes within a complex of species, case study of the tropical invasive earthworm : pontoscolex corethrurus Shabnam Taheri To cite this version: Shabnam Taheri. Macro and micro-evolutionary processes within a complex of species, case study of the tropical invasive earthworm : pontoscolex corethrurus. Environmental Engineering. Université Paris-Est, 2018. English. NNT : 2018PESC1024. tel-01972898v2 HAL Id: tel-01972898 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01972898v2 Submitted on 8 Jan 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Thèse de Doctorat à l’Université Paris-Est Créteil Ecole Doctorale SIE: Sciences, Ingénierie, Environnement Macro and micro-evolutionary processes within a complex of species, case study of the tropical invasive earthworm; Pontoscolex corethrurus Shabnam Taheri Date de Soutenance : 6 mars 2018 Membres du jury : Myriam Valero, Professeur, CNRS, Roscoff Rapporteur Jorge Domínguez, Professeur, ECIMAT, UVIGO Rapporteur Thibaud Decaëns, Professeur, CNRS, UM Examinateur Rodolphe Rougerie, Maître de Conférences, CNRS, MNHN Examinateur Virginie Roy, Maître de Conférences, IEES-Paris, UPEC Examinatrice Lise Dupont, Maître de Conférences, IEES-Paris, UPEC Directrice de thèse 1 Remarque préliminaire : Cette thèse est rédigée en anglais, cependant, étant donné qu’elle a été réalisée en France, un résumé en français est également fourni à la fin du manuscrit. 2 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................................................... 5 I. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................................ 7 I.1. BIOLOGICAL INVASION ..........................................................................................................................................................................8 I.2. SPECIATION AND CRYPTIC SPECIES ................................................................................................................................................ 15 I.3. REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION, POLYPLOIDY AND SPECIATION ............................................................................................... 25 I.4. MODEL OF STUDY: PONTOSCOLEX CORETHRURUS ................................................................................................................... 28 I.5. THESIS OBJECTIVES AND STRUCTURE OF THE DOCUMENT ................................................................................................... 30 II. CHAPTER 1: WHAT DO ‘POSITIVE’ AND ‘NEGATIVE’ IMPACTS OF INVASIVE SPECIES DEPEND ON? .................................................................................................................................................... 33 II.1. CHAPTER’S FOREWORD ...................................................................................................................................................................... 34 II.2. ARTICLE .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 35 III. CHAPTER 2: HOW MANY INVASIVE LINEAGES WITHIN THE COMPLEX OF SPECIES PONTOSCOLEX CORETHRURUS? .................................................................................................................. 49 III.1. CHAPTER’S FOREWORD ...................................................................................................................................................................... 50 III.2. ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 53 III.3. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 55 III.4. MATERIAL AND METHODS ................................................................................................................................................................. 57 III.5. RESULTS .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 65 III.6. DISCUSSION ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 71 III.7. CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 74 III.8. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.......................................................................................................................................................................... 74 III.9. REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 75 III.10. SUPPLEMENTARY DATA ................................................................................................................................................................ 83 IV. CHAPTER 3: PHYLOGEOGRAPHY AND POPULATION GENETICS OF AN INVASIVE PEREGRINE EARTHWORM SPECIES ......................................................................................................... 92 IV.1. CHAPTER’S FOREWORD ...................................................................................................................................................................... 93 IV.2. ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 95 IV.3. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 96 IV.4. METHODS.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 97 IV.5. RESULTS ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 104 IV.6. DISCUSSION .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 112 IV.7. CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 114 IV.8. REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 115 IV.9. SUPPLEMENTARY DATA ................................................................................................................................................................... 119 V. CHAPTER 4: PLOIDY DEGREE OF PONTOSCOLEX CORETHRURUS COMPLEX SPECIMENS 123 V.1. CHAPTER’S FOREWORD ................................................................................................................................................................... 124 V.2. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................................................... 126 V.3. MATERIALS AND METHODS ............................................................................................................................................................ 131 V.4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ............................................................................................................................................................. 134 V.5. CONCLUSION AND PERSPECTIVES................................................................................................................................................ 138 V.6. REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 139 VI. GENERAL CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES ........................................................................ 141 VI 1. SPECIATION, HYBRIDIZATION AND GENETIC VARIATION WITHIN PONTOSCOLEX CORETHRURUS COMPLEX 142 VI.2. P. CORETHRURUS L1: THE INVASIVE SPECIES ........................................................................................................................
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